| 1. |
- Brandtler, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Negative V3-declaratives in Finland Swedish
- 2015
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Ingår i: Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. - Olso : Novus Forlag. - 0800-3076 .- 2387-6719. ; 33:2, s. 157-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Brandtler, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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V2 eller V3? : Om preverbal placering av adverbial i svenskan
- 2017
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Ingår i: Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. - Oslo : Novus Forlag. - 0800-3076 .- 2387-6719. ; 35:1, s. 11-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En rad adverbial kan i svenska placeras före det finita verbet i huvudsatser, vilket rent linjärt ger upphov till en ledföljd där det finita verbet förskjuts till tredje position i satsen (t.ex. hon bara skojade ; han nästan grät av glädje). Utgångspunkten för de resonemang som förs i denna artikel är att endast adverbial som har status som syntaktiska huvuden och inte som maximala projektioner kan förbindas med finita verb. Men även om syntaktisk status är avgörande för möjligheten till preverbal placering, kan den knappast vara orsaken eftersom adjungering inte är någon obligatorisk syntaktisk operation. Mot denna bakgrund lanseras hypotesen att preverbal placering av adverbial är strikt begränsad av det adverbiella uttryckets semantik:endast adverbial som uttrycker en motsättning mellan vad som hävdas och vad som presupponeras kan förbindas med det finita verbet.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brandtler, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Not on the edge : The syntax and pragmatics of clause-initial negation in Swedish
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1383-4924 .- 1572-8552. ; 17:2, s. 97-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of topicalizing sentential negation is severely restricted in the Germanic V2-languages. In this paper, we show that negative preposing was more frequent and less restricted in earlier stages of Swedish: approx. 8 % of all occurrences of negation are clause initial in Old Swedish, compared to less than 0.5 % in present day Swedish. We propose that this change in frequency can be traced to the syntactic status of the negative element. More specifically, we argue that Old Swedish eigh 'not' may function as a syntactic head and cliticize to the finite verb in [C-0]. This possibility is not open to the XP inte 'not' in Modern Swedish. In Modern Swedish, we argue that the restrictions on negative preposing instead are related to more general pragmatic restrictions on the information expressed in [Spec,CP]: according to our hypothesis, negative preposing is licensed by contrast.
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| 5. |
- Brandtler, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Subjektet – en svårplacerad mittfältare : Om den relativa ledföljden mellan subjekt och negation i modern svenska
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I beskrivningar av svenskans ledföljd har subjektet normalt sin plats före satsadverbial i satsens mittfält (se t.ex. SAG IV:12). Samtidigt är det välkänt att den inbördes ordningen mellan subjekt och satsadverbialkan variera:"Om allting klaffar reagerar inte revisorerna ≈ Om allting klaffar reagerar revisorerna inte" (SAG IV:19). I tidigare studier har ofta informationsstrukturella faktorer lyfts fram för att förklara variationen, men sådana slutsatser bygger ofta på ganska begränsade empiriska material — åtminstone vad substantiviska subjekt anbelangar eftersom pronominella subjekt är så totalt dominerade i naturligt språkbruk. Som exempel kan nämnas att en korpus som SUC med en omfattning om drygt 74 000 meningar inte ens innehåller 200 exempel där växlingen mellan substantiviska subjekt och negation kan studeras. För att närmare frilägga olika orsaker till variationen blir det därför nödvändigt att undersöka mycket stora material. I vårt föredrag ska vi presentera resultatet av en omfattande korpusstudie, där vi med hjälp av statistiska metoder analyserar växlingen mellan subjekt och adverbial i satsens mittfält i ett stort empiriskt material (cirka 1,7 miljoner meningar). Vi visar att subjektets placering påverkas av ett komplext samspel mellan en rad olika faktorer— såväl grammatiska som pragmatiska. Genom logistisk regressionsanalys (Paolillo 2002) beräknar vi vidare de olika faktorernas inflytande på valet av variant, och visar bl.a. att både faktorer som LÄNGD och DEFINITHET har signifikant inverkan på valet av ledföljd i modern svenska. Utifrån våra resultat vill vi först och främst föra diskussion om variations-möjligheterna i satsens mittfält i svenskan och de nordiska språken, men resultaten kommer också att kunna ge ett bidrag till vår förståelse av samspelet mellan syntax och informationsstrukturpå ett mer generellt plan. Med ’informationsstruktur’ avses normalt en mängd samverkande faktorer, men genom att vi kan visa i vilken utsträckning som olika faktorer faktiskt bidrar till valet av en viss språklig variant kan de olika faktorernas enskilda betydelse isoleras vilket i förlängningen kan bidra till en djupare förståelse av informationsstrukturens betydelse för ledföljden i de nordiska språken.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Anna W, et al.
(författare)
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Ord på prov : En studie av ordförståelse i högskoleprovet
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 1970s, vocabulary knowledge was a central topic within the field of Swedish sociolinguistics, often discussed from a democratic point of view focusing on inclusion and accessibility in the society. This study links up to this tradition by reporting a survey of how the vocabulary knowledge has changed over time in Sweden, building on data from theSwedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT). Ever since 1977, SweSAT has functioned as an instrument of selection to higher education. SweSAT consists of different quantitative and verbal subtests, and one of these subtest, the vocabulary test, is intended to assess understanding of words and concepts. The SweSAT vocabulary test is a multiple-choice test where no context is given. The study has been limited to comprise the period from the spring 2000 to the spring 2011. During this period, the vocabulary test consisted of 40 tasks at each occasion and was carried out by about40.000 participants each time. Based on data from the SweSAT vocabulary test, two substudies have been carried out. The first of these substudies focuses on differences in average test results over time. Since SweSAT is designed to rank the test takers as fairly as possible with regard to their expected study success,different tests are however not directly comparable. One solution to this problem is to restrict the comparison over time to different groups (i.e.based on age, educational background, and gender) in order to establish how the vocabulary knowledge has changed over time. The first substudy reports such an investigation of comparisons between groups, building on answers from 915, 491 participants. Over time, the average test score at the vocabulary test has decreased with about 2 points. During the same period we see a widening gap between different age groups. This widening gap can also be noticed when comparing test takers with or without university education. Other variables are of limited importance to explain the variation in test scores. A comparison of the average test score over time can, of course, not give any information of how the understanding of individual words has changed over time. However, every word that is given in a regular vocabulary test has previously been tried out on a smaller group of participants in connection with a regular SweSAT test (the test takers learn afterwards which part of the test that consisted of pretest tasks and which parts belonged to the regular test). By comparing the results for individual words from the pretests with the corresponding result from the regular test, changes in the understanding of individual words can however be tracked. The second substudy reports such an investigation of comparisons between pretests and regular vocabulary tests, building on results for a selection of151 words. When comparing the results from the pretests with the regular vocabulary tests, 110 of the 151 words included have changed significantly over time. For 75 of the words included (49%), the results have decreased between the pretests and the regular tests, whereas 36 (24%) of the words display a significant increase. As was the case in the first substudy, there are clear differences between age-groups, whereas the difference between females and males is almost non-existent. When looking for possible explanations of the results demonstrated, some tendencies to a connection between the improvement and frequency have been found, whereas no such relationship could be supported for the words that show a decreased result over time. However, there is a clear connection between vocabulary knowledge and word origin in the sense that words used also in English shows a better result than domestic words.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Anna W, et al.
(författare)
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Språkklyftan : 30 år senare
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning. - Lund : Lund University Press. - 1102-3619 .- 0282-7182. - 9789188466792 ; , s. 123-132
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Anna W., et al.
(författare)
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Unga förstår allt färre ord
- 2017
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :8, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De ungas ordförråd har krympt de senaste årtiondena, medan de äldres har vuxit. Högskoleprovet avslöjar en verklighet som kan hota demokratin.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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”afbröt skolläraren ifrigt”. En diakron studie av anföringssatsen i svensk skönlitteratur
- 2019
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Ingår i: Samlaren. - Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; 140, s. 261-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- David Håkansson, Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala UniversityCarin Östman, Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University“the teacher interrupted eagerly”: A diachronic study of the speech-tag in Swedish fiction (“afbröt skolläraren ifrigt”. En diakron studie av anföringssatsen i svensk skönlitteratur)The narrative structure of Swedish fiction underwent several changes during the 20th century, and it has been emphasized that the role of the narrator was reduced. In order to shed light on this change towards a more ”objective” style in Swedish fiction, this article reports a diachronic study of speech-tags in Swedish 18th- and 19th-century novels. In direct discourse the reader meets the voices of the characters without any involvement of the narrator. However, the narrator still has an opportunity to give complementary information about the utterance and the speaker by using the speech-tag, and hence, a study of speech-tags can contribute to the discussion of the narrator’s transformed role in Swedish fiction. In this study, the form and function of speech-tags are examined in terms of structure, position and content. The result of the analysis shows that the speech-tags in the 20th century novels are much less varied in comparison with the novels from the 19th century. Moreover, the speech-tags in the modern novels are shorter and dominated by the verb säga ’say’ to a much higher extent. In the older novels, on the other hand, the speech-tags are dominated by verbs reporting something about the content or the function of the utterance, such as fråga ‘ask’ or hota ‘threaten’. As far as the position of the speech-tags is concerned, the results show that the final position dominates to a greater extent in the modern novels. On the whole, the results of the study confirm the picture of a reduced narrator in Swedish fiction over time.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Håkansson, David, Professor, 1978-
(författare)
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Bisatsledföljden i äldre svenska och BIFF-regelns genombrott
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studier i svenska språkets historia 11. - Uppsala : Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur. - 9789185352876 - 918535287X ; , s. 157-167
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital kultur ger unga ett annat språk
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm. ; , s. 21-, s. 21-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Expletivt objekt på reträtt : En studie av platshållare för objektssatser i äldre svenska
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arkiv för nordisk filologi. - 0066-7668. ; 134, s. 193-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a diachronic study of clause-anticipating object constructions in the history of Swedish. Corpus findings show that the object position is represented by an expletive in constructions with extraposed clausal arguments to a much higher degree in Old Swedish than in (Early) Modern Swedish. This change takes place simultaneously with another radical change in Swedish sentence structure, the loss of OV, and it is argued that the decrease in expletive objects in clause-anticipating constructions is due to the loss of a preverbal object position in the history of Swedish. The preverbal object position is traced back to an underspecified directionality of the head of the verb phrase, and hence the Old Swedish OV word order cannot be regarded simply as an effect of leftward movement. Besides the reduction in its frequency, the position of the expletive also becomes more restricted over time: in present-day Swedish, expletive objects in clause-anticipating constructions are mainly confined to the prefield, and it is argued that Modern Swedish expletives in clause-anticipating constructions are merged in the CP.
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| 19. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Förklaringar i språkhistorisk forskning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Historia och språkhistoria. - Umeå : Institutionen för språkstudier, Umeå universitet & Kungl. Skytteanska Samfundet. - 9789188466907 - 9789186438579 ; , s. 103-117
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur står det till med hierarkin?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svensson och svenskan. - Lund : [Språk- och litteraturcentrum]. - 9789163356841 ; , s. 124-138
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: New perspectives on diachronic syntax in North Germanic
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Linguistics. - 0332-5865 .- 1502-4717. ; 42:2, s. 135-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This special issue of Nordic Journal of Linguistics is dedicated to diachronic generative syntax in the North Germanic languages. With the introduction of generative grammar in the late 1950s the historical perspective became less prominent within linguistics. Instead, contemporary language, normally represented by the researcher’s own intuitions, became the unmarked empirical basis within the generative field, although there were some early pioneering studies in generative historical syntax (e.g. Traugott 1972). It was not until the introduction of the Principles and Parameters theory in the 1990s that diachronic syntax emerged as an important domain of inquiry for generative linguists. Since then, the study of syntactic change has added a temporal dimension to the overall enterprise to better understand the nature of variation in human language.
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| 23. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Ledarspråk i förändring?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Språk och stil. - 1101-1165 .- 2002-4010. ; :13, s. 215-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Null referential subjects in the history of Swedish
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Linguistics. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2210-2116 .- 2210-2124. ; 3:2, s. 155-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Partial wh-movement in the history of Scandinavian
- 2004
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Partial wh-movement does not exist in the modern Scandinavian languages. It is however found in Old West Scandinavian texts, but not in Old East Scandinavian texts. In this article it is argued that there is a correspondence between attested partial wh-movement and the possibility of deleting the complementizer corresponding to English that. Although complementizer deletion is possible in all modern Scandinavian languages only Old East Scandinavian seemed to allow this.
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| 27. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Språkvetenskapen i ett sammanhang
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Varför språkvetenskap?. - Lund. - 9789144108902 ; , s. 13-17
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Språkvetenskapen och teorierna
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Varför språkvetenskap?. - Lund. - 9789144108902 ; , s. 39-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Svenskans topikalisering i diakron belysning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning 30. - Stockholm : Institutionen för nordiska språk. - 9186762613 ; , s. 133-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Syntaktisk variation och förändring : en studie av subjektslösa satser i fornsvenska
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this thesis is subjectless clauses in Old Swedish (1225–1526). The thesis focuses on referential subjects, and addresses the problem of why the possibilities to leave out such subjects have been reduced during the history of Swedish. The dissertation consists of three main parts, divided into eight chapters. In the first part, chapters 1–3, the aims are presented and a theoretical background to the research on diachronic syntax is given. Furthermore, a brief overview presents the main trends in scientific work in this area, in which two main directions crystallize: on the one hand theories that have related subject omission to morphological factors and on the other hand theories that regard contextual aspects as crucial. Chapter 4 presents the second part of the thesis and consists of an empirical study of subjectless clauses in the history of Swedish. A corpus of about 193,400 words was collected from 12 Old Swedish texts, and on the basis of a random sample, a variable rule analysis was carried out. Although the investigations show that subjectless clauses occur most frequently in Early Old Swedish (1225–1375), the most striking change in the use of subjectless clauses during Old Swedish seems to be related to the subject position (Spec, IP): whereas referential subjects could be omitted from this position in Early Old Swedish, corresponding subjectless clauses are uncommon in Late Old Swedish. Since this change takes place before the loss of person agreement, it seems reasonable to assume that this syntactic change cannot be related to deflection. The central task of the third part of the thesis, presented in chapters 5–8, is to explain why subject omission from Spec, IP has been limited in Swedish. It is argued that omission of subjects in verb second main clauses and subordinate clauses is an effect of movement strategies. Whereas the movement to Spec, IP is syntactically determined in Modern Swedish, the corresponding move is pragmatically determined in Early Old Swedish. Within the framework of Principles and Parameters, a formalized description of this difference is given. It is assumed that the uninterpretable subject feature in the I-domain in Early Old Swedish does not carry EPP and therefore can be eliminated without visible movement, whereas this feature carries EPP in Modern Swedish and therefore must be removed by a visible movement of the subject to Spec, IP. The change from a pragmatically to a syntactically determined movement to Spec, IP is related to a change in frequency patterns, in turn triggered by the loss of OV word order in Swedish.
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| 44. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-
(författare)
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Transitive expletive constructions in Swedish
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Linguistics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0332-5865 .- 1502-4717. ; 40:3, s. 255-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the existence of transitive expletive constructions (TECs) in Swedish. It is often claimed that TECs are a distinctive feature of Insular Scandinavian, but do not exist in Mainland Scandinavian. In this article, however, it is shown that such constructions do occur throughout the history of Swedish and, to some extent, still occur in present-day Swedish, although nowadays the language has none of the features previously proposed as licensing TECs. It is also shown that Swedish has a broader repertoire of associate subjects in TECs than does Icelandic. Unlike in Icelandic, associate subjects can also be definite in Swedish. The presence of TECs in Swedish calls into question the previous analysis of the licensing of this construction, and in this article a new explanation for the phenomenon is proposed. It is claimed that TECs are possible if the expletive can merge in a position structurally higher than the canonical subject position. In the case of V2 languages, this implies that expletives must be able to merge in Spec,CP, and it is shown that in Swedish they are able to merge in this position.
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| 45. |
- Håkansson, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Utbrytningsliknande konstruktioner i skånska
- 2022
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Ingår i: Danske Talesprog. - København : Institut for nordiske studier og sprogvidenskab. - 1600-6038. ; 21, s. 153-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
- Magnusson Petzell, Erik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing syntactic variation and change
- 2017
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Ingår i: Linguistic variation. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2211-6834 .- 2211-6842. ; 17:1, s. 1-7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
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