| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adler, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin-first biorefining of Nordic poplar to produce cellulose fibers could displace cotton production on agricultural lands
- 2022
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 6:8, s. 1845-1858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we show that lignin-first biorefining of poplar can enable the production of dissolving cellulose pulp that can produce regenerated cellulose, which could substitute cotton. These results in turn indicate that agricultural land dedicated to cotton could be reclaimed for food production by extending poplar plantations to produce textile fibers. Based on climate-adapted poplar clones capable of growth on marginal lands in the Nordic region, we estimate an environmentally sustainable annual biomass production of ∼11 tonnes/ha. At scale, lignin-first biorefining of this poplar could annually generate 2.4 tonnes/ha of dissolving pulp for textiles and 1.1 m3 biofuels. Life cycle assessment indicates that, relative to cotton production, this approach could substantially reduce water consumption and identifies certain areas for further improvement. Overall, this work highlights a new value chain to reduce the environmental footprint of textiles, chemicals, and biofuels while enabling land reclamation and water savings from cotton back to food production.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bani-Shoraka, Helena, 1969-
(författare)
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Language Choice and Code-Switching in the Azerbaijani Community in Tehran : A conversation analytic approach to bilingual practices
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines language choice and code-switching patterns found in the Azerbaijani speech community in Tehran, Iran. Two empirical studies have been combined. The first involves a macro-social quantitative analysis of language choice on a community level, based on questionnaires, and the second involves a micro-interactional qualitative analysis of language choice and code-switching practices, based on tape recordings and participant observation. The results show that there is an on-going language shift occurring on the community level, from Azerbaijani-Persian bilingualism to monolingualism in Persian. The rate of this process differs depending on a number of social factors. However, the strong demographic support within this speech community makes the possibility of a total language shift unlikely. In fact, in contrast to the ongoing language shift there is a parallel movement towards the revitalization of the Azerbaijani culture and language. As far as language choice and code-switching practices on an individual level are concerned, a number of bilingual practices are found. Code-switching as a marked linguistic choice is used for a variety of purposes in argumentative and narrative opposition. It is at the same time demonstrated that a general preference for same language talk does not necessarily prevail among all bilingual speakers which allows for the use of a range of other linguistic as well as paralinguistic resources to produce interactionally marked choices in bilingual conversation.
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| 5. |
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Bidrag från 8:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar
- 2022
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar är en nationell konferens för ingenjörsutbildning på högskolor och universitet. Konferensens syfte är att utveckla ingenjörsutbildningarnas kvalitet genom att:lyfta fram och dela erfarenheter kring aktuell utveckling av ingenjörsutbildningvara en arena för pedagogisk meritering och över tid utgöra ett arkiv för utvecklingen av Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningartillsammans analysera nuläge och utveckla nya möjligheterDen 24 och 25 november 2021 samlades ledare, lärare, studenter och andra personer med intresse för utveckling inom ingenjörsutbildningar för en tvådagarskonferens på Karlstads universitet.Temat för årets konferens var:Tillsammans förnyar och förbättrar vi Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar inför framtidens utmaningar.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Inequality in Croatia and Serbia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Investigating Spatial Inequalities. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781789739428 ; , s. 55-70
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter aims to explore the size and evolution of spatial inequality in Croatia and Serbia with emphasis on labour market developments. The analysis focuses on municipalities (LAU 2 level) in both countries to explore patterns of change in the labour market. We estimate spatial inequality based on the distribution of population, employment, unemployment rates, and wages. We find that regions with major cities in both countries are leading in the recovery from the recent recession, while rural areas are lagging behind. Further, there is a durable trend of both population and job concentration in the capital city area, or in urban areas generally.
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| 8. |
- Broman, Niroshani, et al.
(författare)
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Gambling, Gaming, and Internet Behavior in a Sexual Minority Perspective. A Cross-Sectional Study in Seven European Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Addictive behavior of gambling, gaming and internet activity is partly a new research domain and has not been well investigated with regard to sexual minority populations. Although health disparities between sexual minorities and the general population are well documented, there is a lack of inclusion of sexual minorities in both research and clinic. Among lesbian, gay and bisexual populations certain features could be present that play a role for the development of addictive behaviors, such as social isolation and increased risk of other psychiatric problems. The aim of this study was to investigate problem gambling, problem gaming and problematic internet behavior in a European context and if it is affected by sexual orientation status. Methods: An online web-survey was distributed among web-panels in England, Poland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Denmark, and Sweden in 2017–2018. Result: 10 983 complete answers were collected. 7.1% of the participants had a sexual minority status (n = 774). Regression models found that there was no difference in gambling, gaming and internet behavior among heterosexual and sexual minority men. Sexual minority women were associated with problematic gambling and gaming behavior, when also controlling for age and nationality. When also controlling for psychological distress, women defining as having another sexual minority status than lesbian and bisexual remained significant for having a problematic gaming behavior (AOR = 2.3). Conclusion: An awareness of female sexual minority perspectives is relevant in facilities treating behavioral addiction as well as in future research in behavioral addiction. More research is needed in problematic gambling and gaming behavior in different sexual minority populations with regard to psychiatric comorbidity and living conditions. An inclusion of sexual minority groups defining as other than gay and bisexual is needed in future research. No significant differences were found between heterosexual and sexual minority men in adjusted analysis in this study.
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| 9. |
- Corcoll, Natàlia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Linking pesticide pollution with periphyton quality in agricultural streams: a fatty-acids approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting 13−17 May 2018 | Rome, Italy. Abstract Book.. - 2309-8031.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the environmental risks associated with pesticide pollution in agricultural streams are quite well documented, little is know about its potential effects on periphyton quality. Periphyton provides many of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are needed for organisms at higher trophic levels in river food webs. This study aims to assess the effects of pesticide mixtures on periphyton quality in situ. Three streams (Höje å, Skivarpsån and M42) located in the agriculturally dominated region of Skåne (SE Sweden) were sampled in September and October 2016. The effects of pesticide pollution were assessed by passive field sampling coupled with laboratory ecotoxicity tests, by mixture toxicity modelling to predict which chemical stressors were potentially driving the toxicity, and by examining the fatty acid profiles, pigment content and algal diversity of periphyton communities. Results from water chemical analyses clearly showed higher levels of nutrients and pesticide pollution in Skivarpsån and M42 than in Höje å. Ecotoxicity tests using the passive sampler extracts demonstrated that the pesticide mixtures ocurring at Skivarpsån and M42 were toxic for periphyton communities from Höje å, causing an inhibition of the photosynthetic activity up to 63% and 53%, respectively. Cluster and principal component analyses based on pigments content, algal diversity and fatty acid profiles, clearly separated the periphyton from the three river sites studied. Algal biomass from periphyton of pesticide polluted streams (Skivarpsån and M42) was higher than in Höje å. The nutritive quality of the periphyton differed among streams, and fatty acids considered high-quality such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also more abundant in pesticide polluted streams (Skivarpsån and M42). Overal, even though results from the lab show that the mixture of pesticides pollution in the studied streams might be toxic for periphyton (i.e. inhibiting the photosynthetic activity), being herbicides the driving chemical stressors. Results from the field, indicate that when the levels of pesticide pollution are low and co-occur with high levels of nutrients pollution, nutrients migh mask pesticides effects on periphyton quantity and quality because compensatory effects from nutrients
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| 10. |
- Delblanc, Åsa
(författare)
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Pedagogiska möjligheter i mångfaldens förskola
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna sammanläggningsavhandling diskuteras tre olika delstudier som alla utgåttf rån förskolepraktik i förskolor som kännetecknas av en mångfald av språk och erfarenheter. Delstudie 1 fokuserar på barns kommunikation i en flerspråkig förskolemiljö och vad som kan hindra eller möjliggöra den. Delstudie 2 undersöker ett aktionsforskningsprojekt i form av en forskningscirkel med målet att i en förskola skapa en flerspråkig miljö i samarbete med föräldrar. Delstudie 3 undersöker ett aktionsforskningsprojekt i form av en forskningscirkel med målet att utveckla förskolans mottagande av nyanlända familjer. Avhandlingen utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv i vilket människor ses som lärande varelser som skapar kunskap gemensamt med tillgängliga kulturella artefakter. Affordanceteorin (Gibson, 1986; Reed, 1993; Barab & Roth; 2006 och Clakin-Philips & Carr, 2012) har använts för att göra analyser av barns och lärares handlingar. Affordance tolkas genomgående som erbjudanden, och tre olika typer av erbjudanden undersöks, kommunikationserbjudanden, flerspråkiga erbjudanden samt nätverk av erbjudanden. Utifrån Barab och Roth (2006) och Clakin- Philips och Carr ( 2012) undersöks sedan hur erbjudanden ger olika typer av möjligheter, tillgängliga, inbjudande och personliga, här rubricerade som pedagogiska möjligheter.Resultatet visar att olika typer av möjligheter uppstår i olika sammanhang. I de sammanhang i vilka det inte finns en planerad eller strukturerad idé om hur ett erbjudande kan användas blir möjligheterna mindre inbjudande. Möjligheter blir personliga då barns, lärares och föräldrars erfarenheter används som en utgångspunkt i den pedagogiska praktiken. Om möjligheter blir personliga finns samtidigt en risk att det blir ett ökat fokus på skillnader och att tankar om att skapa trygghet ses som viktigare än att skapa förutsättningar för lärande.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Hur påverkar lednings- och samarbetsförhållanden över organisationsnivåer personalomsättning över tid?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:1, s. 117-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mot bakgrund av att en hög personalomsättning idag uppfattas som ett problem för sjukvårdens verksamhet undersöktes trender av enhetsvis personalomsättning över fem år och samvariationer med lednings- och samarbetsförhållanden som kan karakteriseras som kravfyllda eller stödjande förhållanden. Resultaten visade att personalomsättningen var högre för sjuksköterskor och ökade för både undersköterskor och sjuksköterskor. Med klusteranalyser identifierades separata utvecklingsbanor av ökande resp. minskande personalomsättning. I de vårdenheter som hade minskande trender fanns grundkrav på eller möjligheter till specialistutbildning för sjuksköterskor samt något mindre kravfyllda och mer stödjande organisatoriska förhållanden. Variationen i 5-årsincidens bland sjuksköterskor hade samband med chefers upplevelser av stödjande förhållanden: högre grad av stödjande organisatoriska strukturer och god samverkan mellan chef och medarbetare minskade personalomsättningen.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ekbåge, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple linear regression modelling of pulp and handsheet properties based on fiber morphology measurements and process data
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 15:1, s. 654-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiple regression model was evaluated to predict pulp and handsheet properties including z-directional tensile strength (z-strength) and Scott bond values. One hypothesis that was central for the model evaluation was that the crill content, as measured with ultraviolet and infrared lights, would improve the statistical models. A chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) mill designed with two parallel primary refining lines and a reject refiner was the basis for this study, and all process data and pulp samples were gathered from the specific process. Pulp was extracted from the process for an extended period from a position after the latency chest (primary refined pulp) and from the pulp-stream exiting the mill to the board machine (accept pulp). The crill content was positively correlated to the z-strength of the accept pulp, explaining 55% of the variance with a linear regression model with the drill content as the sole predictor. The estimation model of the z-strength of accept pulp was based on a combination of the crill content, freeness, fibril perimeter for longer fibers, and mean kink angle, and resulted in an R-2 of 0.79. When applying cross-validation to determine the predictive model performance, the highest R-2 obtained was 0.67. This latter model included the crill content, fibril perimeter, and mean kink angle as predictors.
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| 15. |
- Ekbåge, Daniel
(författare)
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Process modelling based on data from an evaporation and a CTMP process : Analysis of energy efficiency and process variability
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The manufacture of pulp and paper is an energy intensive process configured of several unit processes that shape a network of flows of wood chips, chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, paperboard, steam and other important components. Improved energy efficiency supports sustainability of the process and the products. With the purpose of monitoring and controlling, information from multiple process and quality variables is continuously collected in the process data system. This data may be of time-varying nature and the variability might potentially span from seasonal to time-wise shorter variations and there are in some cases a need for predicting certain properties.By applying models based on process data there is a potential to increase the knowledge of the process characteristics, investigate the applicability of predictive models and identify optimization opportunities. Based on data from an evaporation and a CTMP plant, process models have been developed with the aim of improving the energy efficiency and studying process variability.
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| 16. |
- Ekbåge, Daniel
(författare)
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Process modelling in pulp and paper manufacture : Application studies with aspects of energy efficiency and product quality
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The manufacture of pulp and paper is an energy intensive process configured of several unit processes that shape a network of flows of wood chips, chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, board and other important components. Improved energy efficiency supports sustainability of the process and the products. With the purpose of monitoring and controlling, information from multiple process and quality variables is continuously collected in the process data system. The data may contain information about underlying patterns and variability, and using statistical and multivariate data analysis can create valuable insights into how reduced variations and predictions of certain properties can be accomplished.This thesis investigates the application of mathematical models for processes and products. These models can be used to increase the knowledge of the process characteristics and for quality predictions, to support process optimization and improved product quality.Based on process data from a board machine including the stock preparation process, an evaporation system and a CTMP plant, process models have been developed with the aims of quality predictions, improved energy efficiency and reduced process variability.
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| 17. |
- Ekbåge, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Time series analysis of refining conditions and estimated pulp properties in a chemi-thermomechanical pulp process
- 2019
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 14:3, s. 5451-5466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequently sampled process data from a conical disc refiner and infrequently sampled pulp data from a full scale chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) mill were evaluated to study autocovariance with aspects of potential dynamic modelling applicability. Two trial measurements with an online pulp analyzer at decreased sampling intervals were performed. For variability analysis, time-series containing up to one day of operational data were used. At the chip refiner, the clearest significant autocovariance was identified for the specific electricity consumption, based on the longer sequences. Most of the estimated pulp properties indicated low or non-significant autocovariance, limiting applicability of a specific dynamic model. A mill trial was conducted to investigate the impact from an increase in the conical disc gap on the specific electricity consumption and the resulting freeness. The response time from the gap change in the refiner to measured change in freeness was estimated at 19 min, which was approximately the hydraulic residence time in the latency chest. The relevance of this study lies in applicability of mill-data-driven modelling to capture the dynamics of a specific refining process. Through mill trials the sampling speed of pulp properties was more than doubled to gain insights into short term systematic variations by applying time-series-analysis.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gedeborg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan lärare-studenter nyckeln till lyckad förändring
- 2007
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 104:38, s. 2689-2692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vår utgångspunkt är den nya kursen »Individ och samhälle« på den reformerade läkarutbildningens avslutande termin. Som lärare betonar vi vikten av att kompetensmål, arbetsformer och examination hänger samman på ett klart och tydligt sätt, så att de studerande styrs rätt i sitt lärande. Som studerande lyfter vi fram förutsättningarna för en aktiv studerandemedverkan: att involveras medan möjlighet till påverkan ännu finns, att bli väl insatta i de aktuella frågorna och, inte minst, att bli tagna på allvar. Nu återstår att se om de fina planerna håller måttet i den pedagogiska vardagen, också på lite längre sikt.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing the size, conformation, and shape of casein micelles and aggregates with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and multiangle light scattering.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:15, s. 12585-12591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Casein (CN) micelles are naturally occurring colloidal protein aggregates present in a dispersed state in milk. In this paper we aim to obtain a detailed description of physicochemical properties of CN micelles over the entire size distribution using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) connected to multiangle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index (RI) detection. Conclusions are drawn on the colloidal level regarding shape and conformation by comparison with models of colloidal particles. By using AsFlFFF-MALS-RI, it is concluded that the CN micelles are highly polydisperse with an average rms radius and hydrodynamic radius of 177 and 116 nm, respectively. The results show that the majority of CN micelles have a spherical shape, whereas a low concentration exists of larger and elongated aggregates. By comparison with models of aggregates of colloidal particles, the aggregates are shown to be anisotropic, e.g., aggregating linearly (threadlike) or in a sheet, rather than forming randomly spherical clusters. The results show that the characterization of colloidal dispersions with AsFlFFF-MALS-RI and the comparison with theoretical models are of a general character and, thus, of fundamental importance for colloidal dispersions.
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| 32. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 33. |
- Hashemzehi, Mozhgan, et al.
(författare)
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Degrees of hornification in softwood and hardwood kraft pulp during drying from different solvents
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 31, s. 1813-1825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hornification, a complex phenomenon occurring during drying of lignocellulosic materials because of formation of irreversible chemical bonds, remains a subject of scientific interest. This study aims to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of hornification by investigating interactions between the liquid and solid phases through a solvent exchange treatment. The treatment involved replacing water with various solvents in suspensions of never-dried cellulose samples, including alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) capable of forming hydrogen bonds, albeit to a lesser extent than water, as well as non-alcohol solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, heptane) that do not possess the ability to form chain of hydrogen bond, and no hydrogen bond between each other. The impact of solvents on the hornification process was evaluated using WRV measurements. Our findings reveal that water, as a solvent, plays a dominant role in the hornification process, primarily due to its excellent capability to form bridges of hydrogen bonds. In comparison, hornification with alcohols was considerably lower than with water, likely attributed to the smaller ability of alcohols to engage in such interactions. Furthermore, our results indicate a tendency for reduced hornification also when using non-hydrogen bond solvents with decreased polarity. This strengthens the hypothesis related to chains of hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the interaction between hydrophobic surfaces on cellulose through hydrophobic interactions could provide another plausible explanation.
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| 34. |
- Hasselqvist, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Renewable Energy Futures through Household Energy Resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450391573
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A transition to renewable energy increases the risks of disruptions when electricity supply does not meet demand. HCI has explored how digital technologies can mitigate such problems in households through support for reducing or shifting electricity use. However, faster transitions may be possible if some disturbances can be acceptable and households are supported in adapting to them. In this paper, we present a study of 21 Swedish households and their experiences of and ideas on how to manage disruptions in electricity supply. We call this perspective household energy resilience and identify three strategies for resilience: (1) response diversity, i.e., diversity in ways of carrying out normally electricity-dependent practices, (2) creating opportunities to develop resilience, and (3) building community energy resilience. Furthermore, we suggest how HCI can support these strategies, both by providing tools to increase resilience and by carefully designing technology and services to be more resilient in themselves. © 2022 Owner/Author.
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| 35. |
- Hasselqvist, Hanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Household energy resilience: Shifting perspectives to reveal opportunities for renewable energy futures in affluent contexts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy resilience is an important focus for energy policy and research, since the energy system is increasingly facing challenges such as power shortages, e.g. due to increased renewable energy production, and risks of power outages caused by extreme weathers. Typically, energy resilience in these contexts focuses on infrastructure and securing supply of electricity despite disturbances. This paper contributes a complementary perspective on resilience, which takes households as a starting point for investigating resilience. Building on understandings of resilience from several disciplines, we suggest a definition of household energy resilience that can be used to explore how households can ensure a good life in a future with variable availability of electricity. Furthermore, we draw on current ideas of future domestic energy use in energy affluent contexts (backup energy sources, energy efficiency, flexibility, and energy sufficiency) to create a framework for exploring household energy resilience. We find a potential for diversity within and between the different ideas, that is not always present in mainstream visions of future energy use. With the perspective of household energy resilience, we wish to challenge the perception of electricity demand as non-negotiable and to reveal opportunities for supporting households in becoming more resilient in an uncertain future.
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| 36. |
- Hellström, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Description of ParaSol v3.0 and comparison with measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 39:3, s. 279-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parasol is a computer program for calculating the solar and thermal properties of windows with sunshades and the energy demands of a room with a window/shading system. The program has three main features. One of them is a calculation of g, T and U for normal incidence of beam irradiation, which is performed as soon as a window or an internal/interpane sunshade is selected. The other two are based on yearly simulations, using DEROB-LTH, a building energy simulation program on which ParaSol is based. One of the applications gives the monthly average of g and T for the window glazing and the glazing/sunshade system. The other application gives the heating and cooling demands for a room with a window, with and without a sunshade, where input data are given for the internal heat, ventilation settings, shading control and temperature set-points. Version 3.0 of Parasol, which has some new and improved models, is described in this paper. The g-values obtained with this program version are compared with measurements on windows with internal/interpane screens/venetian blinds. The absolute deviation is less than 0.03 for the venetian blinds. The measured values of dark internal screens with closed air gaps exceed those simulated by Parasol, but are lower than the ones simulated with open air gaps. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Hellström, Pia, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of enzymatic and Fenton pretreatment applied to a birch kraft pulp used for MFC production in a pilot scale high-pressure homogenizer
- 2016
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Ingår i: TAPPI Journal. - : TAPPI Press. - 0734-1415. ; 15:6, s. 375-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was produced in pilot scale from a bleached birch (Betula verrucosa) kraft pulp that was pretreated with either Fenton's reagent or with a combined mechanical and enzymatic method used at the Centre Technique du Papier (CTP; Grenoble, France). The change in fiber fibrillation during the homogenization treatment was monitored by analyzing the fiber and the fines content, size fractionation, rheological properties and visualization by light-and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fenton pretreatment resulted in MFC suspensions that contained a high amount of small sized elements. After five passes through the high-pressure homogenizer, the amount of particles smaller than 20 mu m was 37% for the Fenton pretreated MFC compared to 13% for the enzymatically (endoglucanase) pretreated MFC. Altogether, the Fenton pretreatment enabled preparation of MFC with a higher degree of fibrillation after the same number of passes through the high-pressure homogenizer. Another option is to produce MFC of the same amount of fibrillation as after an enzymatic stage, but at significantly lower energy consumption.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Pia, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Fenton pre-treated microfibrillated cellulose evaluated as a strength enhancer in the middle ply of paperboard
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 29:4, s. 732-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microfibrillated celluloses (MFCs), produced by various pre-treatments of a fully bleached birch kraft pulp, were evaluated as strength enhancers in test sheets representing the middle ply of paperboard. The furnish consisted of hydrogen peroxide bleached high temperature spruce chemithermomechanical pulp (HT-CTMP), MFC and a retention system containing cationic starch and an anionic silica sol. The MFC was prepared via a mechanical treatment in a colloid mill after pretreatment with Fenton's reagent, monocomponent endoglucanase or acidic hydrogen peroxide. Addition of 5% MFC, produced with Fenton pre-treatment, resulted in improved HT-CTMP properties with respect to increased tensile index (similar to 35%), z-directional strength (similar to 50%), tensile stiffness index (similar to 25%) compared to HT-CTMP test sheets prepared without MFC addition. The strength improvement was linearly correlated to the density of the tests sheet, to the surface area (BET) and to the surface charge of the enzymatic or chemically pre-treated MFCs.
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| 39. |
- Hellström, Pia, 1960-
(författare)
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Fenton Pre-treatment of a Birch Kraft Pulp for MFC preparation
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The potential to use acidic hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous ions (Fenton’s reagent) as a pre-treatment when producing microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) from a fully bleached birch (Betula verucosa) kraft pulp was investigated and the properties of the produced MFC was compared to the properties of a MFC produced with enzymatic pre-treatment with a monocomponent endoglucanase (FiberCare® R). The mechanical treatment to MFC was performed in a laboratory colloid mill or in a pilot high-pressure homogeniser and the pre-treated pulps as well as the produced MFCs were chemically and morphologically characterised. Additionally, the MFCs produced in the colloid mill were evaluated as strength enhancers in test sheets representing the middle ply of paperboard.From the chemical characterisation, it was concluded that the Fenton pre-treatment caused a decrease in the degree of polymerisation (DP) and an increase in both carboxyl- and carbonyl groups. The increase in carbonyl groups could not be explained by the formation of new reducing end groups due to depolymerisation which indicates that carbonyl groups are introduced along the cellulose chain. The enzymatic pre-treatment as performed in this study caused less impact on the cellulosic material, i.e. resulted in a pulp with a higher DP and a much lower amount of carbonyl- and carboxylic groups compared with the Fenton pre-treated pulps. In the subsequent mechanical treatment in a colloid mill, the Fenton pre-treated pulps were easier to process mechanically i.e. reached a higher specific surface area and a higher surface charge at a given mechanical treatment time compared to enzymatic pre-treated pulps and pulps not subjected to any pre-treatment. These findings were confirmed when MFCs were produced by homogenisation at high pressure in multiple passes; the birch kraft pulp was either pre-treated with Fenton’s reagent or the combined mechanic and enzymatic pre-treatment methodology used at the Centre Technique du Papier (CTP, France). By size fractionation, rheological measurements and scanning electron microscopy, it was revealed that Fenton pre-treatment resulted in MFC suspension containing a significantly higher proportion of small sized material (< 0.2 mm).When the MFCs were evaluated as strength enhancers in test sheets produced from a furnish consisting of a spruce (Picea abies) chemithermomechanical pulp, MFC and a retention system containing cationic starch and an anionic silica sol, Fenton pre-treated MFCs increased the strength properties more than the enzymatic pre-treated MFCs. Addition of 5 wt% Fenton pre-treated MFC resulted in an increase in z-directional strength of about 50%, an increase in tensile stiffness index of about 25% and an increase in tensile index of 35% compared to test sheets prepared without MFC addition.
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| 40. |
- Hellström, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Fenton chemistry on the production of microfibrillated cellulose - characterization and paper board application
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully bleached birch (Betula verucosa) sulphate pulp was treated with acidic hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous iron (i.e. Fenton's reagent) and thereafter treated mechanically in a colloid mill to produce microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The produced MFCs were chemically and morphologically characterized and compared with MFCs produced with enzymatic (monocomponent endoglucanase) pre-treatment (Figure 1). As a reference MFC produced with only acid pre-treatment was also included in the study.The Fenton pre-treatment increased the total charge of the fibres, decreased the viscosity and introduced new carbonyl groups. Addition of 10 and 50 kg/t hydrogen peroxide resulted in a yield loss of 2 and 4%, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis did not substantially change the total charge or the carbonyl group content of the pulp and did not release any organic material. The Fenton pre-treated pulps were easier to process mechanically, i.e. they reached a higher specific surface (BET) area and thereby a higher surface charge at a given mechanical treatment time, indicating a potential to reduce the energy demand in the final mechanical processing stage. The Fenton pre-treatment produced microfibrillated cellulose that in a water suspension (0.5% consistency) was stable with respect to sedimentation for at least eight weeks (Figure 2). Further, the Fenton pre-treatment gave a MFC product that contained a higher amount of small well fibrillated particles, as indicated by fractionation and scanning electron microscopy, compared with the enzymatic and acid pre-treatment methods studied.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Håkansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects and Limitations of a Unique, Nationwide, Self-Exclusion Service for Gambling Disorder and Its Self-Perceived Effects and Harms in Gamblers : Protocol for a Qualitative Interview Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - 1929-0748. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Voluntary self-exclusion from gambling is a common but underdeveloped harm reduction tool in the management of gambling problems or gambling disorders. Large-scale, multi-operator, and operator-independent self-exclusion services are needed. A recent nationwide multi-operator self-exclusion service in Sweden (Spelpaus), involving both land- and web-based gambling sites, is promising, but recent data have revealed limitations to this system and possibilities to breach one’s self-exclusion through overseas web-based gambling. More knowledge is needed about the benefits and challenges of such an extensive self-exclusion service, and its effects as perceived by gamblers. Objective: This study protocol describes the rationale and design of a qualitative interview study addressing the effects and limitations perceived by individuals with gambling problems and their concerned significant others. The study aims to provide an in-depth experience of this novel self-exclusion service and to inform stakeholders and policymakers in order to further improve harm reduction tools against gambling problems. Methods: Individuals with gambling problems will be recruited primarily through social media and also from a treatment unit, if needed, for a qualitative interview study. Recorded interview material will be analyzed through content analysis, and recruitment will continue until saturation in the material is reached. This study will provide in-depth information about a harm reduction tool that is promising and commonly used, but which has proven to be breached by a significant number of users, potentially limiting its efficiency. The aim is to interview a sufficient number of gamblers until saturation has been obtained in the interview material. Saturation will be considered through a continuous analysis, comparing recently collected data to previously collected data. Results: Results will be reported as the themes and subthemes identified after the thorough analysis and coding of the transcribed text material and will be accompanied by citations representing relevant themes and subthemes. Results are planned to be provided before the end of 2023. Conclusions: This study will likely provide new insights into user perspectives on a multi-operator self-exclusion service that involves both web- and land-based gambling operators, and which according to previous literature attracts many gamblers but also appears to have limitations and challenges in the target group of individuals with gambling problems. Policy and legislation implications, as well as clinical implications for treatment providers, will be discussed. Results and conclusions will be disseminated to policy makers in Sweden and internationally, as well as to peer organizations, treatment providers, and the research community.
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| 44. |
- Håkansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Eligibility of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin in a Real-World Heart Failure Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Therapeutics. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1755-5914 .- 1755-5922. ; 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study is aimed at investigating the eligibility in a real-world heart failure population for the DAPA-HF (testing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-reduced (testing empagliflozin) trials, comparing the eligible real-world patients to trial participants and to characterize the noneligible patients.Methods: Medical records of all heart failure patients who had a diagnosis of heart failure from the Heart Centre or Department of Internal Medicine at Umea University Hospital were reviewed.Results: 2433 of the hospital's uptake population of 150 000 had a diagnosis of heart failure. 681 patients had left ventricle ejection fraction <= 40%, and of these 352 (52%) and 268 (39%) patients met eligibility criteria for DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-reduced, respectively. Comparing eligible patients in our population with the DAPA-HF- and EMPEROR-reduced trial populations, we found that eligible real-world patients were older (79.0 vs. 66.2 years and 80.3 vs. 67.2 years, respectively), had worse renal function (eGFR 54.4 vs. 66.0 ml/min/1.73m(2) and 49.5 vs. 61.8 ml/min/1.73m(2), respectively), higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (56.0% vs. 36.1% and 53.0% vs. 35.6%, respectively), and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus (21.0% vs. 41.8% and 26.1% vs. 49.8%, respectively). The main reasons for ineligibility were low NT-proBNP or low eGFR. Noneligible patients differed according to reason for ineligibility, where patients with low NT-proBNP were generally younger and healthier, and patients with low eGFR were older and had more comorbidities.Conclusions: 39-52% of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction in this real-world heart failure population were eligible for SGLT2-inhibitor treatment, corresponding to 11-14% of all heart failure patients. Compared to trial participants, eligible real-world patients were significantly older with worse renal function, more atrial fibrillation, and less diabetes mellitus. Trial entry criteria exclude comparatively young and healthy patients, as well as comparatively old patients with more comorbid conditions.
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| 45. |
- Håkansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a real-world heart failure population : a single-centre cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Open heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2053-3624. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate a real-world heart failure (HF) cohort regarding (1) prevalence of known diabetes mellitus (DM), undiagnosed DM and pre-diabetes, (2) if hf treatment differs depending on glycaemic status and (3) if treatment of DM differs depending on HF phenotype.Methods: All patients who had received a diagnosis of HF at Umeå University Hospital between 2010 and 2019 were identified and data were extracted from patient files according to a prespecified protocol containing parameters for clinical characteristics, including echocardiogram results, comorbidities, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values. Patients’ HF phenotype was determined using the latest available echocardiogram. The number of patients with previous DM diagnosis was assessed. Patients without a previous diagnosis of DM were classified as non-DM, pre-diabetes or probable DM according to FPG and HbA1c levels using WHO criteria.Results: In total, 2326 patients (59% male, mean age 76±13 years) with HF and at least one echocardiogram were assessed. Of these, 617 (27%) patients had a previous diagnosis of DM. Of the 1709 patients without a previous diagnosis of DM, 1092 (67%) patients had either an FPG or HbA1c recorded, of which 441 (41%) met criteria for pre-diabetes and 97 (9%) met criteria for probable diabetes, corresponding to 19% and 4% of the entire cohort, respectively. Patients with HF and diabetes were more often treated with diuretics and beta blockers compared with non-DM patients (64% vs 42%, p<0.001 and 88% vs 83%, p<0.001, respectively). There was no difference in DM treatment between HF phenotypes.Conclusions: DM and pre-diabetes are common in this HF population with 50% of patients having either known DM, probable DM or pre-diabetes. Patients with HF and DM are more often treated with common HF medications. HF phenotype did not affect choice of DM therapy.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Håkansson, Helena
(författare)
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Contradictions of Ordered Trust: Trust-based Work and Conflicting Logics in Municipal Care(1)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - 2245-0157. ; 12:3, s. 3-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines intra-organizational trust and institutional logics in municipal social care services in the setting of a trust-based developmental project. A case study was conducted in a Swedish municipal district. The data consists of 27 semi-structured interviews with care workers, first-line managers, and strategic staff as well as / / observations. The study adds insights regard-ing trust in public sector organizations and shows how a strong focus on economic efficiency can relativize trust into a question of financial accountability. The results demonstrate how the govern-ing managerial logic is not only in conflict with but also seems to overrule attempts to establish a more trust-based logic. Moreover, contributing to the institutional logics literature, it further shows how power structures affect institutional logics and how conflicts between logics play out differently at various organizational levels. The prospects of accomplishing a more trust-based governance without larger institutional or organizational changes are hence problematized.
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| 50. |
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