| 1. |
- Brandtler, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Negation, Contrast, and the Swedish Prefield
- 2012
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Ingår i: Discourse and Grammar. A Festschrift in Honor of Valéria Molnár. - Lund : Lunds universitet. - 9789163704116 ; , s. 75-91, s. 75-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Schoug, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Freeze-drying of Lactobacillus coryniformis Si3--effects of sucrose concentration, cell density, and freezing rate on cell survival and thermophysical properties
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cryobiology. - Maryland Heights, USA : Elsevier BV. - 0011-2240 .- 1090-2392. ; 53:1, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freeze-drying is commonly used to stabilize lactic acid bacteria. Many factors have been reported to influence freeze-drying survival, including bacterial species, cell density, lyoprotectant, freezing rate, and other process parameters. Lactobacillus coryniformis Si3 has broad antifungal activity and a potential use as a food and feed biopreservative. This strain is considered more stress sensitive, with a low freeze-drying survival, compared to other commercialized antifungal lactic acid bacterial strains. We used a response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of varying sucrose concentration, cell density and freezing rate on Lb. coryniformis Si3 freeze-drying survival. The water activity of the dry product, as well as selected thermophysical properties of importance for freeze-drying; degree of water crystallization and the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze concentrated amorphous phase (Tg') were determined. The survival of Lb. coryniformis Si3 varied from less than 6% to over 70% between the different conditions. All the factors studied influenced freeze-drying survival and the most important factor for survival is the freezing rate, with an optimum at 2.8 degrees C/min. We found a co-dependency between freezing rate and formulation ingredients, indicating a complex system and the need to use statistical tools to detect important interactions. The degree of water crystallization decreased and the final water activity increased as a function of sucrose concentration. The degree of water crystallization and Tg' was not affected by the addition of 10(8)-10(10) CFU/mI. At 10(11) CFU/ml, these thermophysical values decreased possibly due to increased amounts of cell-associated unfrozen water.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Marine Acidification : On effects and monitoring of marine acidification in the seas surrounding Sweden
- 2008. - 2008:92
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Surface waters in the world oceans have already experienced a pH reduction of about 0.1 units (OSPAR, 2006.) The trend indicates further decrease of pH and is most probably due to increased uptake of atmospheric CO2 and less buffering capacity of ocean waters. The trend is similar in the waters surrounding Sweden. RESEARCH NEEDS Since there is an alarming absence of information regarding the effects of near-future levels of ocean acidification on Swedish marine taxa, there is a clear research need on: • investigations of the effects of ocean acidification on the early life-history stages of key ecosystem-structuring species, and commercially important species of fish and shellfish • ecosystem-level mesocosm studies of the impacts of ocean acidification on Swedish marine systems • improved regional-scale modelling of acidification mechanisms in Swedish coastal waters • testable ecosystem-scale food-web models to articulate with regional acidification models • improved definition of chemical equilibrium constants between pH, AT and CO2 in low saline waters. ACTIONS TO IMPROVE MONITORING At present, pH and AT are monitored monthly at standard depths at 7 stations in Skagerrak, Kattegat and Baltic Proper within the national monitoring programme. Of these are 2 located in coastal waters (Halland and Småland; Type 5 and 9). We recommend that Sweden work to improve the status of pH and AT to be Core variables instead of Main variables in HELCOM COMBINE “High frequency Sampling” program taking into account the last 15 years negative trends in pH in waters surrounding Sweden as well as in the global oceans. We recommend that besides the standard para-meters monitored in the national monitoring program, pH, AT and DIC should be monitored. For completeness, primary production should also be monitored. Below are three monitoring recommendations, where the first is divided into a lowest level and a recommended level. 1. Lowest level: Within the national monitoring program, at least one station per open sea area and all costal stations measure acidification parameters on a monthly basis in the entire water column at standardized depths. The national and regional monitoring programmes should be upgraded in the Gulf of Bothnia so that pH and AT is monitored at standard depths at least monthly at one station each in the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea. Also 2 coastal stations in the Gulf of Bothnia should be established. In addition, one coastal station should be established within Type 14 in the Baltic Proper. 1. Recommended level: the national monitoring program should have at least one station per open sea area and if the area is characterized by strong gradients or other features, there should be more than one station. Some of the stations in the regional monitoring programmes should be upgraded with acidification parameters, for a better geographical coverage. The acidification parameters should be measured on a monthly basis in the entire water column at standardized depths. 2. We recommend that an investigative monitoring is established by extending the parameters that are needed to firmly improve the chemical stability constants between pH, AT, DIC and pCO2 in low saline waters. This can be done by just extending the sampling program at selected monitoring stations. Sampling should cover a period of 2 to 3 years. 3. We recommend that direct water measurement of pCO2 for monitoring purposes should be assessed after the recommendation above is evaluated and that ongoing research projects on pCO2 measurements using ferryboxes are finalised. RECOGNISED PROBLEM AREAS • There are only few long time series of acidification parameters. The time period of measurements is rather short. • The geographical coverage of measurements is rather limited in the waters surrounding Sweden. • The chemical stability constants between pH, AT, DIC and pCO2 are not optimized in low saline waters. • pH budgets are difficult to calculate. • Models need to be improved in order to display present and future small and large scale scenarios. • Little is known of the biological, ecological and economical effects of the current and near future marine acidification. Further research is required.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Burgaz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Confirmed hypertension and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations amongst elderly men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 269:2, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The results of experimental studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin system and predisposes to hypertension. Results of previous epidemiological studies investigating the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and hypertension have not been consistent, perhaps because of their sole reliance on office blood pressure (BP) measurements leading to some misclassification of hypertension status. No previous studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D status and confirmed hypertension assessed with both office and 24-h BP measurements. Design. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 833 Caucasian men, aged 71 +/- 0.6 years, to determine the association between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the prevalence of hypertension. We used both supine office and 24-h BP measurements for classifying participants as normotensive or confirmed hypertensive; participants with inconsistent classifications were excluded. Results. In a multivariable adjusted logistic regression model, men with 25(OH)D concentrations < 37.5 nmol L-1 had a 3-fold higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension compared to those with >= 37.5 nmol L-1 25(OH)D (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.0-11.0). Conclusions. Our results show that low plasma 25(OH)D concentration is associated with a higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension.
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| 7. |
- Clemente, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Touch and Hearing Mediate Osseoperception
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osseoperception is the sensation arising from the mechanical stimulation of a bone-anchored prosthesis. Here we show that not only touch, but also hearing is involved in this phenomenon. Using mechanical vibrations ranging from 0.1 to 6 kHz, we performed four psychophysical measures (perception threshold, sensation discrimination, frequency discrimination and reaction time) on 12 upper and lower limb amputees and found that subjects: consistently reported perceiving a sound when the stimulus was delivered at frequencies equal to or above 400 Hz; were able to discriminate frequency differences between stimuli delivered at high stimulation frequencies (similar to 1500 Hz); improved their reaction time for bimodal stimuli (i.e. when both vibration and sound were perceived). Our results demonstrate that osseoperception is a multisensory perception, which can explain the improved environment perception of bone-anchored prosthesis users. This phenomenon might be exploited in novel prosthetic devices to enhance their control, thus ultimately improving the amputees' quality of life.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomars engagemang i kulturföreningar och socialt kapital
- 2010
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Ingår i: "Mycket mer än bara rock" : musik, ungdom och organisering. - 9789185343133
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ungdomars engagemang i föreningsverksamhet och organisering förutsägs ofta á priori vara något bra. Mer sällan problematiseras frågan, t.ex. genom att ställa frågan vem som organiserar sig. Denna artikel utgår från litteraturen om socialt kapital och har bl.a. tagit intryck av Bourdieus modell för socialt kapital. I en ekonomisk modell med inspiration från Bourdieu kommer värdet av en individs sociala kapital (relationer) att bestämmas av nätverksmedlemmarnas sammanlagda sociala, kulturella och ekonomiska kapital. Detta leder till att det finns ett högre incitament för dem som redan har ett högt sammanlagt kapital att investera i socialt kapital. Artikeln använder sig av data från Ungdomsstyrelsens enkät Lokal uppföljning av ungdomspolitiken (LUPP) för att skatta engagemanget i musikföreningar, givet andra former av kapital.
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| 11. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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| 12. |
- Taghavi, Hamidreza, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Technical design of a new bone conduction implant (BCI) system
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:10, s. 736-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the technical design and verify the technical performance of a new bone conduction implant (BCI) system. Design: The BCI consists of an external audio processor and an implanted unit called the bridging bone conductor. These two units use an inductive link to communicate with each other through the intact skin in order to drive an implanted transducer. Study sample: In this study, the design of the full BCI system has been described and verified on a skull simulator and on real patients. Results: It was found that the maximum output force (peak 107 dB re 1 N) of the BCI is robust for skin thickness range of 2-8 mm and that the total harmonic distortion is below 8% in the speech frequency range for 70 dB input sound pressure level. The current consumption is 7.5 mA, which corresponds to 5-7 days use with a single battery. Conclusions: This study shows that the BCI is a robust design that gives a sufficiently high output and an excellent sound quality for the hearing rehabilitation of indicated patients.
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| 13. |
- Ambring, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Developing the Game Testament : Multiple Perspectives in Serious Game Development
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on Game and Entertainment Technologies. - : IADIS Press. - 9789728939182 ; , s. 35-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the process of creating the game Testament; an action role-playing game for PC which uses the Old Testament as its setting. The game is primarily designed for confirmation education in the Church of Sweden, with the purpose to create interest in the Old Testament. In this paper we describe our experiences with the process of creating a game where the work has been guided by three, in some cases, contradictory goals: the educational value, the source authenticity and the gaming entertainment. Our conclusion is that clear requirements for the entertainment must be created as a counterweight to the practical aspects' requirements, e.g. education and authenticity. To create requirements for game experience, it can be useful to identify a game genre and find a game that can serve as a template. One consequence of the fact that a specific goal for entertainment and a very clear requirement on content existed was that a number of fundamental contradictions could be identified (e.g. narrative, game mechanics, adaptation). When these inconsistencies were encountered, a suitable approach could be chosen in order to reach a compromise. If an existing game used as a reference wasn't available, it is likely that the entertainment would have suffered for the benefit of the educational aspects and biblical authenticity.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the response of a segmented High-Purity Germanium detector for gamma emission tomography of nuclear fuel
- 2020
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Ingår i: SN Applied Sciences. - : Springer. - 2523-3963 .- 2523-3971. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irradiation testing of nuclear fuel is routinely performed in nuclear test reactors. For qualification and licensing of Accident Tolerant Fuels or Generation IV reactor fuels, an extensive increase in irradiation testing is foreseen in order to fill the gaps of existing validation data, both in normal operational conditions and in order to identify operational limits.Gamma Emission Tomography (GET) has been demonstrated as a viable technique for studies of the behavior of irradiated nuclear fuel, e.g. measurement of fission gas release and inspection of fuel behavior under Loss-Of-Coolant Accident conditions. In this work, the aim is to improve the technique of GET for irradiated nuclear fuel by developing a detector concept for an improved tomography system that allows for a higher spatial resolution and/or faster interrogation.We present the working principles of a novel concept for gamma emission tomography using a segmented High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The performance of this concept was investigated using the Monte Carlo particle transport code MCNP. In particular, the data analysis of the proposed detector was evaluated, and the performance, in terms of full energy efficiency and localization failure rate, has been evaluated.We concluded that the segmented HPGe detector has an advantageous performance as compared to the traditional single-channel detector systems. Due to the scattering nature of gamma rays, a trade-off is presented between efficiency and cross-talk; however, the performance is nevertheless a substantial improvement over the currently used single-channel HPGe detector systems.
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| 16. |
- Andréasson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av alkohol- och narkotikaproblem : En evidensbaserad kunskapssammanställning
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvärderingens syfteMissbruk och beroende av alkohol är ett av de största folkhälsoproblemen. Narkotikamissbruk är mindre vanligt men har stora medicinska konsekvenser för de berörda. De sociala och juridiska aspekterna är betydande. En kritisk genomgång av litteraturen vad avser behandling av abstinens, protraherad abstinens, behandling i syfte att förhindra återfall, psykologiska och sociala behandlingar för att minska återfallsrisken, behandlingsprogram och institutionsvårdens roll, samt behandling av missbruk under graviditet. Dessutom en granskning av mini-intervention i primärvård och annan vård vars syfte är att minska konsumtionen hos högkonsumenter av alkohol. Nyligen gjorda meta-analyser inom området värderas och särskild vikt fästs vid interventioner som finns eller lätt kan introduceras i den svenska vårdorganisationen. Behandlingsprogram för patienter med samtidig annan psykisk störning värderas.Så kallat lågdosberoende av bensodiazepiner och andra lugnande medel eller sömnmedel behandlas inte. Inte heller belyses effekten av behandlingar vars primära mål är kroppsliga komplikationer av missbruket, och inte heller granskas metoder att minska tillgänglighet.TillvägagångssättStrukturerad översikt, kostnadsanalyser.Insamling av primärdataSystematisk sökning i relevanta databaser, litteraturlistor i påträffade studier samt i aktuella monografier. Ingen bakre tidsbegränsning och sökning i databaser till och med februari 1999.Utgångspunkt för urval av dataHuvudsakligen randomiserade, kontrollerade, dubbelblinda studier, samt metaanalyser som baseras på sådana studier. Vad gäller långtidsförlopp och ekonomiska analyser även kohortstudier och andra naturalistiska studier.Genomgång av publikationenSamtliga studier värderas med hjälp av en i gruppen utarbetad, och med övriga psykiatriprojekt gemensam, kvalitetsmall. Alla centrala studier läses av minst två i gruppen.Färdiga manuskript värderas av styrelse, expertgrupp samt externa granskare.
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| 17. |
- Anheden, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Value chains for production of Renewable Transportation Fuels Using Intermediates
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increased share of renewable transportation fuels requires utilisation of new low-cost sources of bio-based raw materials other than what is currently used in the pulp and paper industry and for power and district heat generation in the bioenergy sector. Currently, proposed raw material includes forest residues (branches and tops), stumps, waste round wood and different by-products from pulp and pa-per industry and sawmills. Of these, forest residues and stumps have, by far, the largest potential for increased utilisation. However, these types of raw materials are often voluminous and heterogeneous and are difficult to handle in existing refineries for production of transportation fuels. The cost of transporting this type of raw material over large distances in order to supply a larger plant is often said to be high. This report includes an analysis of the possible advantages and disadvantages of transform-ing forest-based biomass to an intermediate product with a higher energy density that is more homo-geneous and easier to handle during transport and during final conversion to transportation fuel.Two value chains are investigated as case studies a) bio-SNG production using forest residues, bark and sawdust as raw material and b) bio-oil production from forest residues, lignin in black liquor and tall oil, which can be upgraded to transportation fuels at a refinery. In the study we have assumed that the conversion of the original biomass to an intermediate product mainly takes place at a pulp mill. The intermediate conversion technologies included for value chain a) are drying and pelletizing and for value chain b) pyrolysis and distillation. The final conversion to end product bio-SNG takes place in connection to a district heating system, and the final deoxygenation and upgrading of bio-oil to hydrodeoxygenated (HDO) oil takes place at an oil refinery. The value chains with intermediates are compared with value chains without intermediates where the entire conversion process to final product is located in connection to a district heating system in value chain a) and at a stand-alone plant near to a refinery in value chain b). The value chains are studied from a well-to-gate perspective, from extrac-tion of the forest biomass to produced bio-SNG/HDO bio-oil. A direct comparison between value chains for bio-SNG and bio-oil production should be avoided. They are based on different reference data that are not synchronized. A direct comparison between the chains should in addition be done in a well-to-wheel perspective.The results show that the initial hypothesis that local production of a more energy dense intermediate would reduce transportation costs could not be verified. The reason is primarily the introduction of a second transport step to transport the intermediate to the final conversion site in addition to the transport of the raw material. The transport costs are associated with relatively high fixed cost espe-cially for ship and train transport, so the introduction of a second relatively high fixed transport cost of the intermediate has a dominating effect. Further, it can be concluded that the transport cost make up a relatively small share of the total production cost of the final product, in the order of 10%, and in a few cases up to 20%. There is therefore a relatively small difference in total specific production cost for the final product between value chains with and without intermediates considering the level of uncer-tainty in the input data and the assumptions behind the scenarios studied.Summarizing, the results indicate that the production costs are highly sensitive to the economies of scale, oxygen content in the bio-crude oil and raw material costs (forest residues price or electricity price in the case where lignin is used as raw material). Transportation costs have, comparatively, a little effect in the total production cost.
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| 18. |
- Anna-Lena, Lindström Olsson, et al.
(författare)
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Intrångsskydd till järnvägen
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 285-286
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antalet personpåkörningar på järnvägen är fortfarande hög med cirka 90 per år, där ungefär 85% av de omkomna beror på suicid (självmord). Av de olyckor som sker på spåren idag utgör självmord cirka 80 procent. Varje dödsfall eller olycka skapar förseningar och kostnader förutom det mänskliga lidandet. Trafikverket ska fram till 2030 nå regeringens etappmål om att antalet omkomna i bantrafiken ska halveras till 2030, även kallat halveringsmålet. Som del i suicidpreventionsarbetet har Trafikverket sedan 2015 monterat stålnätspanel längs befintlig järnväg på särskilt suicid- och olyckstäta platser, men önskad effekt har ej uppnåtts. Studien har genomförts av AFRY med stöd av Trafikverket för att se om det är möjligt att anpassa dagens viltstängsel till att även försvåra för människor att ta sig in spårområdet samtidigt som djur inte ska riskera att skada sig.För att undersöka hur stängslet bör utformas genomfördes klättringstester av totalt fem olika prototyper, där prototyp 1 var den första prototypen och prototyp 5 den slutgiltiga prototypen. Framtagandet av prototyperna var en iterativ process där varje prototyp modifierades utefter testresultaten från föregående prototyp. Utifrån resultatet från de genomförda klättringstesterna gjordes en bedömning av hur stor andel av en normalfördelad befolkning som respektive prototyp förhindrar. För de samhällsekonomiska beräkningarna baserades samtliga kalkylförutsättningar på ASEK 7.0. För att exemplifiera samhällsnyttan valdes sträckan Norrköping-Linköping som utgångspunkt för kalkylen. Sträckan har både högt antal förseningsminuter på grund av obehörigt spårbeträdanden och personpåkörningar samt ligger på ett viktigt stråk i järnvägsnätet vilket innebär att en händelse lätt påverkar andra delar av järnvägssystemet. Kalkylen har gjorts utifrån ett antagande kring sparade liv, allvarligt skadade och förseningsminutrar som orsakas av obehörigt spårbeträdande.Den första prototypen bedömdes förhindra cirka 75% av en normalfördelad befolkning. Den slutgiltiga prototypen bedöms stoppa cirka 80 % av de som vill klättra över och vara ett viktigt verktyg i arbetet med att nå regeringens etappmål om att halvera antalet omkomna i bantrafiken till 2030.
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| 19. |
- Ardestani, Shahrzad, et al.
(författare)
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B2SHARE : An open eScience data sharing platform
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th IEEE International Conference on eScience. - : IEEE. ; , s. 448-453
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific data sharing is becoming an essential service for data driven science and can significantly improve the scientific process by making reliable, and trustworthy data available. Thereby reducing redundant work, and providing insights on related research and recent advancements. For data sharing services to be useful in the scientific process, they need to fulfill a number of requirements that cover not only discovery, and access to data. But to ensure the integrity, and reliability of published data as well. B2SHARE, developed by the EUDAT project, provides such a data sharing service to scientific communities. For communities that wish to download, install and maintain their own service, it is also available as software. B2SHARE is developed with a focus on user-friendliness, reliability, and trustworthiness, and can be customized for different organizations and use-cases. In this paper we discuss the design, architecture, and implementation of B2SHARE. We show its usefulness in the scientific process with some case studies in the biodiversity field.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Arvidsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Response of different crops to soil compaction-Short-term effects in Swedish field experiments
- 2014
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Ingår i: Soil and Tillage Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-1987 .- 1879-3444. ; 138, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil compaction is generally regarded as negative for crop growth, although many studies show a curvilinear relationship between bulk density and crop yield. In the literature, there are few systematic studies of differences between crop species in their response to compaction. This study used results from short-term Swedish field experiments to analyse the sensitivity of different crops to compaction. The crops included were barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), horse bean (Vicia faba L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), oilseed turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.), oats (Avena sativa L), peas (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), rye (Secale cereale L), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).In total 39 experiments were analysed, in two series with spring-sown crops and one with autumn-sown crops, all on soils loosened by mouldboard ploughing. The experiments included different levels of tractor traffic applied track-by-track at the time of seedbed preparation, and a control treatment with no traffic. Bulk density was determined after traffic and expressed as degree of compactness (DC), which is the bulk density in percentage of a reference density.With moderate recompaction, wheat and barley showed a yield increase compared with untrafficked soil, while other crops showed little or no yield increase on average. Oats reacted more negatively to compaction than wheat and barley. Monocots generally had a higher optimum DC than dicots, but the differences were small. Yield losses at high DC values were greater for dicots, especially pea and horse bean crops, although for sugar beet and oilseed rape there was no clear difference compared with cereal crops. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Banote, Rakesh Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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CSF biomarkers in patients with epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease: a nation-wide study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain communications. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2632-1297. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative dementia. A subset of Alzheimer's disease patients develop epilepsy. The risk is higher in young-onset Alzheimer's disease, but pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess biomarkers reflecting neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without epilepsy. By cross-referencing the largest national laboratory database with Swedish National Patient Register, we could identify CSF biomarker results from 17901 Alzheimer's disease patients, and compare levels of neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein, total tau, phosphorylated tau and amyloid beta 42 in patients with (n = 851) and without epilepsy. The concentrations of total tau and phosphorylated tau were higher in Alzheimer's disease patients with epilepsy than Alzheimer's disease patients without epilepsy and amyloid beta 42 levels were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease patients with epilepsy. No differences in the levels of neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein were observed. Our study suggests that epilepsy is more common in Alzheimer's disease patients with more pronounced Alzheimer's pathology, as determined by the CSF biomarkers. Further studies are needed to investigate the biomarker potential of these CSF markers as predictors of epilepsy course or as indicators of epileptogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 24. |
- Berglund, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Temporary Employment and the Future Labor Market Status
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - Roskilde : VIA University College. - 2245-0157. ; 7:2, s. 27-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to describe and explain the development of temporary employment in Sweden between 1992 and 2010, and to investigate the effect of temporary employment for individuals' futurecareer on the labor market. The article analyzes temporary employees' status transitions on the labor market using Swedish Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for the period 1992-2010. Each cohort consists of 2-year panels and focuses on changes between the first and last measuring points. The findings indicate that the specific type of temporary employment is crucial as regards whether or not it constitutes a stepping-stone toward permanent employment. The chances are greater in the case of, for example, substitutes, but are considerably less in the case of on-call employment. Certain types of temporary employment thus seem to be used by the employer to screen the employability of the employee, while others are used for achieving flexibility.
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| 28. |
- Björemark, Per Martin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis: Viedma Ripening of Co(bpy)(3) (2+) and Solvent-Free Oxidation to Co(bpy)(3) (3+)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemistry-a European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539. ; 21:30, s. 10630-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syntheses of [Co(bpy)(3)](2+) yield racemic solutions because the - and -enantiomers are stereochemically labile. However, crystallization and attrition-enhanced deracemization can give homochiral crystal batches of either handedness in quantitative yield. Subsequently, solvent-free oxidation with bromine vapour fixes the chirality because [Co(bipy)(3)](3+) does not enantiomerize in solution at ambient temperature. This combination of Viedma ripening and the labile/inert Co-II/Co-III couple constitutes a convenient method of absolute asymmetric synthesis.
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| 29. |
- Blom, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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The genetically determined production of the alarmin eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is reduced in visceral leishmaniasis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : WILEY. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 126:1, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Recent findings indicate that dendritic cells have a key role in the defense against the Leishmania parasite and that the activity of this cell may be modified by the eosinophil secretory protein eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). We hypothesized that the interactions between dendritic cells and EDN might be of importance in the disease development. Cellular content of EDN was analyzed by ELISA. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms at positions 405, 416, and 1122 in the EDN gene were analyzed by real-time PCR with TaqMan((R)) reagents. The study cohorts comprised 239 Sudanese subjects (65 healthy controls and 174 with VL) and 300 healthy Swedish controls. The eosinophil content of EDN was lower in VL as compared with controls (p < 0.0001). The EDN405 (G>C) genotype distribution was similar among Swedish and Sudanese controls, whereas VL subjects had a higher prevalence of the EDN405-GG genotype (p < 0.0001). The content of EDN in the eosinophils was closely linked to the EDN405 polymorphism (p = 0.0002). Our findings suggest that the predisposition to acquire VL is related to the genetic polymorphism of the EDN gene and the reduced production by the eosinophil of this gene product.
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| 30. |
- Bohlin, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningarna för en utbyggd gränshandel i Sälen
- 2012
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Ingår i: På gränsen – interaktion, attraktivitet och globalisering i Inre Skandinavien. - Karlstad : Karlstad University Press. - 9789170634574
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Brandtler, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Negative V3-declaratives in Finland Swedish
- 2015
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Ingår i: Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. - Olso : Novus Forlag. - 0800-3076 .- 2387-6719. ; 33:2, s. 157-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Brandtler, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Not on the edge : The syntax and pragmatics of clause-initial negation in Swedish
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1383-4924 .- 1572-8552. ; 17:2, s. 97-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of topicalizing sentential negation is severely restricted in the Germanic V2-languages. In this paper, we show that negative preposing was more frequent and less restricted in earlier stages of Swedish: approx. 8 % of all occurrences of negation are clause initial in Old Swedish, compared to less than 0.5 % in present day Swedish. We propose that this change in frequency can be traced to the syntactic status of the negative element. More specifically, we argue that Old Swedish eigh 'not' may function as a syntactic head and cliticize to the finite verb in [C-0]. This possibility is not open to the XP inte 'not' in Modern Swedish. In Modern Swedish, we argue that the restrictions on negative preposing instead are related to more general pragmatic restrictions on the information expressed in [Spec,CP]: according to our hypothesis, negative preposing is licensed by contrast.
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| 45. |
- Brandtler, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Subjektet – en svårplacerad mittfältare : Om den relativa ledföljden mellan subjekt och negation i modern svenska
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I beskrivningar av svenskans ledföljd har subjektet normalt sin plats före satsadverbial i satsens mittfält (se t.ex. SAG IV:12). Samtidigt är det välkänt att den inbördes ordningen mellan subjekt och satsadverbialkan variera:"Om allting klaffar reagerar inte revisorerna ≈ Om allting klaffar reagerar revisorerna inte" (SAG IV:19). I tidigare studier har ofta informationsstrukturella faktorer lyfts fram för att förklara variationen, men sådana slutsatser bygger ofta på ganska begränsade empiriska material — åtminstone vad substantiviska subjekt anbelangar eftersom pronominella subjekt är så totalt dominerade i naturligt språkbruk. Som exempel kan nämnas att en korpus som SUC med en omfattning om drygt 74 000 meningar inte ens innehåller 200 exempel där växlingen mellan substantiviska subjekt och negation kan studeras. För att närmare frilägga olika orsaker till variationen blir det därför nödvändigt att undersöka mycket stora material. I vårt föredrag ska vi presentera resultatet av en omfattande korpusstudie, där vi med hjälp av statistiska metoder analyserar växlingen mellan subjekt och adverbial i satsens mittfält i ett stort empiriskt material (cirka 1,7 miljoner meningar). Vi visar att subjektets placering påverkas av ett komplext samspel mellan en rad olika faktorer— såväl grammatiska som pragmatiska. Genom logistisk regressionsanalys (Paolillo 2002) beräknar vi vidare de olika faktorernas inflytande på valet av variant, och visar bl.a. att både faktorer som LÄNGD och DEFINITHET har signifikant inverkan på valet av ledföljd i modern svenska. Utifrån våra resultat vill vi först och främst föra diskussion om variations-möjligheterna i satsens mittfält i svenskan och de nordiska språken, men resultaten kommer också att kunna ge ett bidrag till vår förståelse av samspelet mellan syntax och informationsstrukturpå ett mer generellt plan. Med ’informationsstruktur’ avses normalt en mängd samverkande faktorer, men genom att vi kan visa i vilken utsträckning som olika faktorer faktiskt bidrar till valet av en viss språklig variant kan de olika faktorernas enskilda betydelse isoleras vilket i förlängningen kan bidra till en djupare förståelse av informationsstrukturens betydelse för ledföljden i de nordiska språken.
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| 46. |
- Brandtler, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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V2 eller V3? : Om preverbal placering av adverbial i svenskan
- 2017
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Ingår i: Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. - Oslo : Novus Forlag. - 0800-3076 .- 2387-6719. ; 35:1, s. 11-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En rad adverbial kan i svenska placeras före det finita verbet i huvudsatser, vilket rent linjärt ger upphov till en ledföljd där det finita verbet förskjuts till tredje position i satsen (t.ex. hon bara skojade ; han nästan grät av glädje). Utgångspunkten för de resonemang som förs i denna artikel är att endast adverbial som har status som syntaktiska huvuden och inte som maximala projektioner kan förbindas med finita verb. Men även om syntaktisk status är avgörande för möjligheten till preverbal placering, kan den knappast vara orsaken eftersom adjungering inte är någon obligatorisk syntaktisk operation. Mot denna bakgrund lanseras hypotesen att preverbal placering av adverbial är strikt begränsad av det adverbiella uttryckets semantik:endast adverbial som uttrycker en motsättning mellan vad som hävdas och vad som presupponeras kan förbindas med det finita verbet.
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| 47. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Substance Use, Hospitalizations, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Patients Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program to Opioid Maintenance Treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategies. The medical records for 71 patients were reviewed 36 months following referral to OMT from a needle exchange program (NEP). Their psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations were identified. Their baseline characteristics were assessed for potential differences between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized patients and between patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses in a longitudinal observational study without controls. A regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. Sixty-five percent of the patients were hospitalized at least once with a psychiatric diagnosis. Substance-related reasons were prevalent, and detoxification occurred among 59% of patients, with sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines, zopiclone, zolpidem, and pregabalin) being the substance used by 52% of patients. Baseline use of these drugs and/or buprenorphine predicted for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. During the follow-up period, 72% of patients met the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis other than OUD. The prevalence of non-substance use disorders overlapping with SUD was 41%, and that overlapping with anxiety disorder was 27% of all participants. Increased attention to psychiatric co-occurring disorders in the treatment of OUD is required and the importance of addressing sedative-hypnotics use when initiating OMT is highlighted.
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| 48. |
- Carling, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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A compelling argument for the gravity p-median model
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 226:3, s. 658-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The p-median model is used to locate P facilities to serve a geographically distributed population. Conventionally, it is assumed that the population always travels to the nearest facility. Drezner and Drezner (2006, 2007) provide three arguments on why this assumption might be incorrect, and they introduce the extended gravity p-median model to relax the assumption. We favour the gravity p-median model, but we note that in an applied setting, the three arguments are incomplete. In this communication, we point at the existence of a fourth compelling argument for the gravity p-median model.
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| 49. |
- Carling, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical test of the gravity p-median model
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A customer is presumed to gravitate to a facility by the distance to it and the attractiveness of it. However regarding the location of the facility, the presumption is that the customer opts for the shortest route to the nearest facility.This paradox was recently solved by the introduction of the gravity p-median model. The model is yet to be implemented and tested empirically. We implemented the model in an empirical problem of locating locksmiths, vehicle inspections, and retail stores ofv ehicle spare-parts, and we compared the solutions with those of the p-median model. We found the gravity p-median model to be of limited use for the problem of locating facilities as it either gives solutions similar to the p-median model, or it gives unstable solutions due to a non-concave objective function.
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| 50. |
- Carling, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Distance measure and the p-median problem in rural areas
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The p-median model is used to locate P facilities to serve a geographically distributed population. Conventionally, it is assumed that the population patronize the nearest facility and that the distance between the resident and the facility may be measured by the Euclidean distance. Carling, Han, and Håkansson (2012) compared two network distances with the Euclidean in a rural region witha sparse, heterogeneous network and a non-symmetric distribution of thepopulation. For a coarse network and P small, they found, in contrast to the literature, the Euclidean distance to be problematic. In this paper we extend their work by use of a refined network and study systematically the case when P is of varying size (2-100 facilities). We find that the network distance give as gooda solution as the travel-time network. The Euclidean distance gives solutions some 2-7 per cent worse than the network distances, and the solutions deteriorate with increasing P. Our conclusions extend to intra-urban location problems.
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