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1.
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2.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (författare)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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3.
  • Håkansson, Gisela, et al. (författare)
  • Processability theory : explaining developmental sequences
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Contemporary Approaches to Second Language Acquisition. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1875-1113. - 9789027205254 - 9789027205285 - 9789027272225 ; 9, s. 111-128
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This chapter presents a psycholinguistic account of the developmental sequences found in second language acquisition (SLA). Building on Levelt’s (1989) model of speech production, Processability Theory (PT: Pienemann 1998, 2005) proposes that the order in which morpho-syntactic structures are acquired will be controlled by the processing requirements of those structures. The cross- linguistic validity of PT will be illustrated by the analysis of learner data in some typologically diverse languages. The findings show that the hierarchical sequence of processing procedures is similar across languages, if the emergence criterion is used, and also that the influence of any previously acquired language is constrained by the processability of the structures. The implications of these findings for SLA research and profiling will be discussed.
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4.
  • Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • 54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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5.
  • Nilsson, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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6.
  • Baenas, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Eating Disorders : A Multicentre Collaborative International Study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients.
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7.
  • Chinga-Carrasco, Gary, et al. (författare)
  • Bagasse—A major agro-industrial residue as potential resource for nanocellulose inks for 3D printing of wound dressing devices
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Additive Manufacturing. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2214-8604 .- 2214-7810. ; 28, s. 267-274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sugarcane bagasse, an abundant residue, is usually burned as an energy source. However, provided that appropriate and sustainable pulping and fractionation processes are applied, bagasse can be utilized as a main source of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). We explored in this study the production of CNF inks for 3D printing by direct-ink-writing technology. The CNF were tested against L929 fibroblasts cell line and we confirmed that the CNF from soda bagasse fibers were found not to have a cytotoxic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that the alginate and Ca 2+ caused significant dimensional changes to the 3D printed constructs. The CNF-alginate grids exhibited a lateral expansion after printing and then shrank due to the cross-linking with the Ca 2+ . The release of Ca 2+ from the CNF and CNF-alginate constructs was quantified thus providing more insight about the CNF as carrier for Ca 2+ . This, combined with 3D printing, offers potential for personalized wound dressing devices, i.e. tailor-made constructs that can be adapted to a specific shape, depending on the characteristics of the wound healing treatment.
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8.
  • Chinga-Carrasco, Gary, et al. (författare)
  • Pulping and Pretreatment Affect the Characteristics of Bagasse Inks for Three-dimensional Printing
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 6:3, s. 4068-4075
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bagasse is an underutilized agro-industrial residue with great potential as raw material for the production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) for a range of applications. In this study, we have assessed the suitability of bagasse for production of CNF for three-dimensional (3D) printing. First, pulp fibers were obtained from the bagasse raw material using two fractionation methods, i.e. soda and hydrothermal treatment combined with soda. Second, the pulp fibers were pretreated by TEMPO-mediated oxidation using two levels of oxidation for comparison purposes. Finally, the CNF were characterized in detail and assessed as inks for 3D printing. The results show that CNF produced from fibers obtained by hydrothermal and soda pulping were less nanofibrillated than the corresponding material produced by soda pulping. However, the CNF sample obtained from soda pulp was cytotoxic, apparently due to a larger content of silica particles. All the CNF materials were 3D printable. We conclude that the noncytotoxic CNF produced from hydrothermally and soda treated pulp can potentially be used as inks for 3D printing of biomedical devices. 
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9.
  • Darlison, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 675, s. 501-512
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The plant microbiome is an important factor for plant health and productivity. While the impact of nitrogen (N) availability for plant growth and development is well established, its influence on the microbial phyllosphere community structure is unknown. We hypothesize that nitrogen impacts the growth and abundance of several microorganisms on the leaf surface. The bacterial and fungal communities of baby leaf spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) were investigated in a field trial for two years in a commercial setting. Nitrogen fertilizer was tested in four doses (basic nitrogen, basic + suboptimal, basic + commercial, basic + excess) with six replicates in each. Culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (viable count and identification of bacterial isolates) community studies were combined with monitoring of plant physiology and site weather conditions. This study found that alpha diversity of bacterial communities decreased in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer dose, whereas viable counts showed no differences. Correspondingly, fungal communities of the spinach phyllosphere showed a decreasing pattern, whereas the decreasing diversity of fungal communities of rocket was not significant. Plant species and effects of annual variations on microbiome structure were observed for bacterial and fungal communities on both spinach and rocket. This study provides novel insights on the impact of nitrogen fertilizer regime on a nutrient scarce habitat, the phyllosphere.
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10.
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11.
  • Ferro, Ana, et al. (författare)
  • Fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer risk : A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling Project.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 147:11, s. 3090-3101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A low intake of fruits and vegetables is a risk factor for gastric cancer, although there is uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the associations. In our study, the relationship between fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer was assessed, complementing a previous work on the association betweenconsumption of citrus fruits and gastric cancer. Data from 25 studies (8456 cases and 21 133 controls) with information on fruits and/or vegetables intake were used. A two-stage approach based on random-effects models was used to pool study-specific adjusted (sex, age and the main known risk factors for gastric cancer) odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Exposure-response relations, including linear and nonlinear associations, were modeled using one- and two-order fractional polynomials. Gastric cancer risk was lower for a higher intake of fruits (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.90), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.02), vegetables (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.84), and fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49-0.75); results were consistent across sociodemographic and lifestyles categories, as well as study characteristics. Exposure-response analyses showed an increasingly protective effect of portions/day of fruits (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57-0.73 for six portions), noncitrus fruits (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61-0.83 for six portions) and vegetables (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43-0.60 for 10 portions). A protective effect of all fruits, noncitrus fruits and vegetables was confirmed, supporting further dietary recommendations to decrease the burden of gastric cancer.
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12.
  • Hansen, Malin, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Lärdomar om regional mobilisering : Erfarenheter från följeforskning om genomförandet av ESS MAX IV i regionen – TITA
  • 2013
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Under åren 2010-2012 drev Region Skåne i samarbete med 42 andra offentliga aktörer i Skåne och Blekinge med finansiering från den Europeiska regionala strukturfonden projektet ”ESS MAX IV i regionen – TITA”. Syftet var att stärka tillväxt, innovationsstruktur, tillgänglighet och attraktivitet genom att utnyttja etableringen av forskningsanläggningarna ESS och MAX IV i Lund.Under hösten 2010 fick KTH och Nordregio i uppdrag att som följeforskare löpande följa arbetet med projektet, avseende dels regional utveckling, samhällsplanering och transportinfrastruktur, dels näringslivsutveckling, innovation och marknadsföring. Genom att ta del av dokumentation, medverka i aktiviteter samt genomföra intervjuer och e-enkäter med berörda aktörer har följeforskarna dokumenterat och löpande avrapporterat utvecklingen skriftligt och genom medverkan vid ett antal möten inom TITA.Syftet med denna rapport är att presentera en sammanfattande beskrivning och analys av projektet och de lärdomar som identifierats. Rapporten baseras i huvudsak på underlag från tidigare rapporter, och uppföljande intervjuer med representanter för projektsekretariatet. Rapporten gör inte anspråk på att vara heltäckande, istället har följeforskarna valt att lyfta fram sådant som kan bidra till lärande inför framtida satsningar av liknande karaktär.I de tre inledande kapitlen ges en kortfattad presentation av TITA, följeforskningen samt organisation och roller. Därefter diskuteras de aktiviteter som genomförts inom projektet, utifrån ett antal frågeställningar som gemensamt kan bidra till regional utveckling. I nästa kapitel lyfts projektets viktigaste resultat fram, i form av en regional mobiliseringsprocess, potentiell strukturpåverkan, ekonomisk tillväxt och kunskapsutveckling. Därefter diskuteras erfarenheter och lärdomar av den arbetsmodell som tillämpats inom TITA. Avslutningsvis presenteras ett antal viktiga frågeställningar inför en framtida förvaltning av de resultat som åstadkommits inom projektet och de viktigaste lärdomarna från projektet sammanfattas i kapitel 8. 
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13.
  • Łuniewska, Magdalena, et al. (författare)
  • Ratings of age of acquisition of 299 words across 25 languages : is there a cross-linguistic order of words?
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-3528 .- 1554-351X. ; 48:3, s. 1154-1177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a new set of subjective age-of-acquisition (AoA) ratings for 299 words (158 nouns, 141 verbs) in 25 languages from five language families (Afro-Asiatic: Semitic languages; Altaic: one Turkic language: Indo-European: Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Slavic, and Romance languages; Niger-Congo: one Bantu language; Uralic: Finnic and Ugric languages). Adult native speakers reported the age at which they had learned each word. We present a comparison of the AoA ratings across all languages by contrasting them in pairs. This comparison shows a consistency in the orders of ratings across the 25 languages. The data were then analyzed (1) to ascertain how the demographic characteristics of the participants influenced AoA estimations and (2) to assess differences caused by the exact form of the target question (when did you learn vs. when do children learn this word); (3) to compare the ratings obtained in our study to those of previous studies; and (4) to assess the validity of our study by comparison with quasi-objective AoA norms derived from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI). All 299 words were judged as being acquired early (mostly before the age of 6 years). AoA ratings were associated with the raters’ social or language status, but not with the raters’ age or education. Parents reported words as being learned earlier, and bilinguals reported learning them later. Estimations of the age at which children learn the words revealed significantly lower ratings of AoA. Finally, comparisons with previous AoA and MB-CDI norms support the validity of the present estimations. Our AoA ratings are available for research or other purposes.
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14.
  • Nelson, Michelle H., et al. (författare)
  • The Bispecific Tumor Antigen-Conditional 4-1BB x 5T4 Agonist, ALG.APV-527, Mediates Strong T-Cell Activation and Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Studies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. - 1538-8514. ; 22:1, s. 89-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 4-1BB (CD137) is an activation-induced costimulatory receptor that regulates immune responses of activated CD8 T and natural killer cells, by enhancing proliferation, survival, cytolytic activity, and IFNγ production. The ability to induce potent antitumor activity by stimulating 4-1BB on tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells makes 4-1BB an attractive target for designing novel immuno-oncology therapeutics. To minimize systemic immune toxicities and enhance activity at the tumor site, we have developed a novel bispecific antibody that stimulates 4-1BB function when co-engaged with the tumor-associated antigen 5T4. ALG.APV-527 was built on the basis of the ADAPTIR bispecific platform with optimized binding domains to 4-1BB and 5T4 originating from the ALLIGATOR-GOLD human single-chain variable fragment library. The epitope of ALG.APV-527 was determined to be located at domain 1 and 2 on 4-1BB using X-ray crystallography. As shown in reporter and primary cell assays in vitro, ALG.APV-527 triggers dose-dependent 4-1BB activity mediated only by 5T4 crosslinking. In vivo, ALG.APV-527 demonstrates robust antitumor responses, by inhibiting growth of established tumors expressing human 5T4 followed by a long-lasting memory immune response. ALG.APV-527 has an antibody-like half-life in cynomolgus macaques and was well tolerated at 50.5 mg/kg. ALG.APV-527 is uniquely designed for 5T4-conditional 4-1BB-mediated antitumor activity with potential to minimize systemic immune activation and hepatotoxicity while providing efficacious tumor-specific responses in a range of 5T4-expressing tumor indications as shown by robust activity in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. On the basis of the combined preclinical dataset, ALG.APV-527 has potential as a promising anticancer therapeutic for the treatment of 5T4-expressing tumors.
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15.
  • Newman, Diane K, et al. (författare)
  • Intermittent catheterization with single- or multiple-reuse catheters : clinical study on safety and impact on quality of life
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 19:1, s. 1-153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a proven effective long-term bladder management strategy for individuals who have lower urinary tract dysfunction. This study provides clinical evidence about multiple-reuse versus single-use catheterization techniques and if catheter choice can have an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).METHOD: A prospective, multi-center, clinical trial studied patients who currently practiced catheter reuse, and who agreed to prospectively evaluate single-use hydrophilic-coated (HC) (i.e. LoFric) catheters for 4 weeks. A validated Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC-Q) was used to obtain HRQoL. Reused catheters were collected and studied with regard to microbial and debris contamination.RESULTS: The study included 39 patients who had practiced IC for a mean of 10 years, 6 times daily. At inclusion, all patients reused catheters for a mean of 21 days (SD = 48) per catheter. 36 patients completed the prospective test period and the mean ISC-Q score increased from 58.0 (SD = 22.6) to 67.2 (SD = 17.7) when patients switched to the single-use HC catheters (p = 0.0101). At the end of the study, 83% (95% CI [67-94%]) preferred to continue using single-use HC catheters. All collected reused catheters (100%) were contaminated by debris and 74% (95% CI [58-87%]) were contaminated by microorganisms, some with biofilm.CONCLUSION: Single-use HC catheters improved HRQoL and were preferred over catheter reuse among people practicing IC. Catheter multiple-reuse may pose a potential safety concern due to colonization by microorganisms as well as having reduced acceptance compared to single use.TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02129738.
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16.
  • Nog!?
  • 2024
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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17.
  • Olofsson, Charlotta S, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Impaired insulin exocytosis in neural cell adhesion molecule-/- mice due to defective reorganization of the submembrane F-actin network.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 150:7, s. 3067-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is required for cell type segregation during pancreatic islet organogenesis. We have investigated the functional consequences of ablating NCAM on pancreatic beta-cell function. In vivo, NCAM(-/-) mice exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and basal hyperinsulinemia. Insulin secretion from isolated NCAM(-/-) islets is enhanced at glucose concentrations below 15 mM but inhibited at higher concentrations. Glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells evoked by low glucose was also severely impaired in NCAM(-/-) islets. The diminution of insulin secretion is not attributable to defective glucose metabolism or glucose sensing (documented as glucose-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) and K(ATP)-channel activity). Resting K(ATP) conductance was lower in NCAM(-/-) beta-cells than wild-type cells, and this difference was abolished when F-actin was disrupted by cytochalasin D (1 muM). In wild-type beta-cells, the submembrane actin network disassembles within 10 min during glucose stimulation (30 mM), an effect not seen in NCAM(-/-) beta-cells. Cytochalasin D eliminated this difference and normalized insulin and glucagon secretion in NCAM(-/-) islets. Capacitance measurements of exocytosis indicate that replenishment of the readily releasable granule pool is suppressed in NCAM(-/-) alpha- and beta-cells. Our data suggest that remodeling of the submembrane actin network is critical to normal glucose regulation of both insulin and glucagon secretion.
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18.
  • Svedendahl Humble, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal structures of the Chromobacterium violaceumω-transaminase reveal major structural rearrangements upon binding of coenzyme PLP.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 279:5, s. 779-792
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The bacterial ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA, EC2.6.1.18) catalyses industrially important transamination reactions by use of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Here, we present four crystal structures of Cv-ωTA: two in the apo form, one in the holo form and one in an intermediate state, at resolutions between 1.35 and 2.4 Å. The enzyme is a homodimer with a molecular mass of ∼ 100 kDa. Each monomer has an active site at the dimeric interface that involves amino acid residues from both subunits. The apo-Cv-ωTA structure reveals unique 'relaxed' conformations of three critical loops involved in structuring the active site that have not previously been seen in a transaminase. Analysis of the four crystal structures reveals major structural rearrangements involving elements of the large and small domains of both monomers that reorganize the active site in the presence of PLP. The conformational change appears to be triggered by binding of the phosphate group of PLP. Furthermore, one of the apo structures shows a disordered 'roof ' over the PLP-binding site, whereas in the other apo form and the holo form the 'roof' is ordered. Comparison with other known transaminase crystal structures suggests that ordering of the 'roof' structure may be associated with substrate binding in Cv-ωTA and some other transaminases. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors for the Chromobacterium violaceumω-transaminase crystal structures can be found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org) under the accession codes 4A6U for the holoenzyme, 4A6R for the apo1 form, 4A6T for the apo2 form and 4A72 for the mixed form STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT: •  -transaminases and -transaminases bind by dynamic light scattering (View interaction) •  -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) •  -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
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19.
  • Svedendahl Humble, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal structures of the Chromobacterium violaceumω-transaminase reveal major structural rearrangements upon binding of coenzyme PLP.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - 1742-464X. ; 279:5, s. 779-792
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • SUMMARY: The bacterial ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA, EC 2.6.1.18) catalyzes industrially important transamination reactions by use of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Here, we present four crystal structures of Cv-ωTA: two in the apo form, one in the holo form and one in an intermediate state, at resolutions between 1.35 and 2.4 Å. The enzyme is a homodimer with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. Each monomer has an active site at the dimeric interface that involves amino acid residues from both subunits. The apo-Cv-ωTA structure reveals unique "relaxed" conformations of three critical loops involved in structuring the active site, that have not previously been seen in a transaminase. Analysis of the four crystal structures reveals major structural rearrangements involving elements of the large and small domains of both monomers that reorganize the active site in the presence of PLP. The conformational change appears to be triggered by binding of the phosphate group of PLP. Furthermore, one of the apo structures shows a disordered "roof" over the PLP binding site, while in the other apo form and the holo form the "roof" is ordered. Comparison with other known transaminase crystal structures suggests that ordering of the "roof" structure may be associated with substrate binding in Cv-ωTA and some other transaminases. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT: -transaminases and -transaminases bind by dynamic light scattering (View interaction) -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
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20.
  • Aevarsson, Arnthór, et al. (författare)
  • Going to extremes - a metagenomic journey into the dark matter of life
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968. ; 368:12
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation value for applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical, and the life science sectors. Viral gene pool analysis is also essential to obtain fundamental insight into ecosystem dynamics and to investigate how viruses influence the evolution of microbes and multicellular organisms. The Virus-X Consortium, established in 2016, included experts from eight European countries. The unique approach based on high throughput bioinformatics technologies combined with structural and functional studies resulted in the development of a biodiscovery pipeline of significant capacity and scale. The activities within the Virus-X consortium cover the entire range from bioprospecting and methods development in bioinformatics to protein production and characterisation, with the final goal of translating our results into new products for the bioeconomy. The significant impact the consortium made in all of these areas was possible due to the successful cooperation between expert teams that worked together to solve a complex scientific problem using state-of-the-art technologies as well as developing novel tools to explore the virosphere, widely considered as the last great frontier of life.
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21.
  • Ahlqvist, Josefin, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal structure and initial characterization of a novel archaeal-like Holliday junction-resolving enzyme from Thermus thermophilus phage Tth15-6
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. - 2059-7983. ; 78:Pt 2, s. 212-227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study describes the production, characterization and structure determination of a novel Holliday junction-resolving enzyme. The enzyme, termed Hjc_15-6, is encoded in the genome of phage Tth15-6, which infects Thermus thermophilus. Hjc_15-6 was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and high yields of soluble and biologically active recombinant enzyme were obtained in both complex and defined media. Amino-acid sequence and structure comparison suggested that the enzyme belongs to a group of enzymes classified as archaeal Holliday junction-resolving enzymes, which are typically divalent metal ion-binding dimers that are able to cleave X-shaped dsDNA-Holliday junctions (Hjs). The crystal structure of Hjc_15-6 was determined to 2.5 Å resolution using the selenomethionine single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method. To our knowledge, this is the first crystal structure of an Hj-resolving enzyme originating from a bacteriophage that can be classified as an archaeal type of Hj-resolving enzyme. As such, it represents a new fold for Hj-resolving enzymes from phages. Characterization of the structure of Hjc_15-6 suggests that it may form a dimer, or even a homodimer of dimers, and activity studies show endonuclease activity towards Hjs. Furthermore, based on sequence analysis it is proposed that Hjc_15-6 has a three-part catalytic motif corresponding to E-SD-EVK, and this motif may be common among other Hj-resolving enzymes originating from thermophilic bacteriophages.
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22.
  • Ahlqvist, Josefin, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal structure of DNA polymerase I from Thermus phage G20c
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. - 2059-7983. ; 78:Pt 11, s. 1384-1398
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study describes the structure of DNA polymerase I from Thermus phage G20c, termed PolI_G20c. This is the first structure of a DNA polymerase originating from a group of related thermophilic bacteriophages infecting Thermus thermophilus, including phages G20c, TSP4, P74-26, P23-45 and phiFA and the novel phage Tth15-6. Sequence and structural analysis of PolI_G20c revealed a 3'-5' exonuclease domain and a DNA polymerase domain, and activity screening confirmed that both domains were functional. No functional 5'-3' exonuclease domain was present. Structural analysis also revealed a novel specific structure motif, here termed SβαR, that was not previously identified in any polymerase belonging to the DNA polymerases I (or the DNA polymerase A family). The SβαR motif did not show any homology to the sequences or structures of known DNA polymerases. The exception was the sequence conservation of the residues in this motif in putative DNA polymerases encoded in the genomes of a group of thermophilic phages related to Thermus phage G20c. The structure of PolI_G20c was determined with the aid of another structure that was determined in parallel and was used as a model for molecular replacement. This other structure was of a 3'-5' exonuclease termed ExnV1. The cloned and expressed gene encoding ExnV1 was isolated from a thermophilic virus metagenome that was collected from several hot springs in Iceland. The structure of ExnV1, which contains the novel SβαR motif, was first determined to 2.19 Å resolution. With these data at hand, the structure of PolI_G20c was determined to 2.97 Å resolution. The structures of PolI_G20c and ExnV1 are most similar to those of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (PDB entry 2kzz) from Escherichia coli, DNA polymerase I from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (PDB entry 1knc) and Taq polymerase (PDB entry 1bgx) from Thermus aquaticus.
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23.
  • Alce, Günter, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring Different User Interfaces for Automatic Tracking of Free Weight Exercises Using Computer Vision
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, ICT4AWE 2023. - 2184-4984. - 9789897586453 ; 2023-April, s. 143-150
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several research studies have shown the importance of physical exercise. The global gym and fitness industry faced a transition from traditional gyms to virtual fitness training during the pandemic lockdowns. A proliferation of applications is available to provide different digital gym experiences. Advagym is one example that uses sensors to track and give feedback to gym goers. Sony's R&D Center Lund Laboratory has developed a Camera-based Tracking System (CTS) which aims to offer an automatic free weight exercise tracking solution with Advagym. The main goal of this paper is to align the Advagym application combined with CTS for free weight exercise (FWE) tracking and to conduct a comparative study of four different user interfaces presenting FWE tracking to increase the user experience. The main contribution of this paper is to elucidate knowledge about which UI feedback of FWE given for the “gym-goer” was preferred.
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24.
  • Anderson, Lissa C., et al. (författare)
  • Intact Protein Analysis at 21 Tesla and X-Ray Crystallography Define Structural Differences in Single Amino Acid Variants of Human Mitochondrial Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2)
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1044-0305. ; 28:9, s. 1796-1804
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Structural technologies are an essential component in the design of precision therapeutics. Precision medicine entails the development of therapeutics directed toward a designated target protein, with the goal to deliver the right drug to the right patient at the right time. In the field of oncology, protein structural variants are often associated with oncogenic potential. In a previous proteogenomic screen of patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) tumor materials, we identified a sequence variant of human mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 as a putative factor of resistance of GBM to standard-of-care-treatments. The enzyme generates glutamate, which is neurotoxic. To elucidate structural coordinates that may confer altered substrate binding or activity of the variant BCAT2 T186R, a ~45 kDa protein, we applied combined ETD and CID top-down mass spectrometry in a LC-FT-ICR MS at 21 T, and X-Ray crystallography in the study of both the variant and non-variant intact proteins. The combined ETD/CID fragmentation pattern allowed for not only extensive sequence coverage but also confident localization of the amino acid variant to its position in the sequence. The crystallographic experiments confirmed the hypothesis generated by in silico structural homology modeling, that the Lys59 side-chain of BCAT2 may repulse the Arg186 in the variant protein (PDB code: 5MPR), leading to destabilization of the protein dimer and altered enzyme kinetics. Taken together, the MS and novel 3D structural data give us reason to further pursue BCAT2 T186R as a precision drug target in GBM. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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25.
  • Andersson, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Kartläggning av ägarskiften i företag : Utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Myndigheten för tillväxtpolitiska utvärderingar och analyser, Tillväxtanalys, har haft i uppdrag av regeringen att genomföra kartläggning och analys av ägarskiften i företag. Uppdraget omfattade även att göra jämförelser mellan generationsskiften och andra typer av ägarskiften som inte är åldersbaserade samt belysa möjligheten att följa upp företagens skifte och dynamik över tid. Tillväxtanalys lämnade i oktober 2013 en delrapportering av uppdraget som avser dels en kartläggning av åldersstrukturen i företagsstocken, dels en fördjupad analys av ägarskiften. Denna rapport är en redovisning av uppdragets sista del som innebär utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag för identifiering av ägarförändringar.SCB har på uppdrag av Tillväxtanalys undersökt möjligheten att bättre identifiera ägarskiften genom att integrera och göra en matchningskontroll av kompletterande uppgifter gällande delägare i fåmansaktiebolag som kan hämtas från Skatteverket, SKV, med redan befintlig information om företagsdynamik, vilken finns i Företagens och arbetsställenas dynamik, FAD, och den registerbaserade arbetsmarknadsstatisken, RAMS, på SCB. För att göra detta studeras företagens ägarskiften mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Uppdraget omfattar även att beskriva FAD gällande syfte, metodik och innehåll.Cirka 80 procent av samtliga företag oberoende av bolagsform överlevde mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Resterande företag har på något sätt förändrats. Företag läggs ned och andra startar som en del i strukturomvandlingen. Dessutom ser vi att många företag och arbetsställen byter ägare. Näringslivet visar på en stor dynamik och dynamiken omfattar många olika typer av förändringar.Bearbetningarna visar att det med hjälp av RAMS och SKV:s register går att följa och framställa uppgifter om ägarförändringar på ett bra sätt. Detta gäller både för fåmansaktiebolag, där det går att följa individuellt ägande, och för övriga juridiska former där förändringar i organisationsnummer kan spåras, vilket indikerar ändrade ägarförhållanden. Analysen visar att SKV:s register är ett bra komplement till RAMS och FAD och tillför ytterligare information. Samkörningen av dessa registerdata ger mer information än vad som kan fås ut av respektive registerkällor separat. Det går dessutom att koppla på annan information om anställda, omsättning och olika mått på lönsamhet från andra register.Tillväxtanalys rekommenderar därför att SCB får tillgång till register gällande ägarandelar från Skatteverket under en längre tidsperiod än enbart de undersökta åren. Detta för att kunna sammanställa en databas som möjliggör bättre och mer precisa analyser av olika dimensioner av näringslivsdynamik och ägarförändringar. Det vore dessutom önskvärt att denna databas görs tillgänglig för forskning och studier som ökar kunskapen om olika dimensioner av näringslivets strukturomvandling.
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26.
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27.
  • André, Frida, et al. (författare)
  • A cross-sectional study on extensive gaming in adolescents
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Public Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 2279-9028 .- 2279-9036. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Extensive gaming and the consequences thereof is frequently reported from child and adolescent psychiatry and school health care. The behavior is associated with compulsion, psychiatric and physical symptoms, impaired cognitive development and poorer school performance. This phenomenon has been described as an emergent health issue for men and little is known about its potential gender-specific characteristics. The aim of this study was to explore extensive gaming among male and female adolescents and to investigate whether the frequency of often feeling low, often feeling anxious, self-reported ADHD, self-reported ASD, being satisfied with one's own general health, poor sleep, loneliness, and having tried smoking, alcohol, and/or other substances differed among those with and without extensive gaming.DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was based on data collected through a public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in 9th grade of primary school and in second grade of secondary school, including a total of 13498 participants. The association between extensive gaming and different factors was estimated among male and female respondents separately.RESULTS: Roughly 30% of the male and 5% of the female respondents were categorized as extensive gamers. Extensive gaming was associated with a higher prevalence of poor sleep and a lower prevalence of being satisfied with one's own health among boys and (to a higher degree) among girls.CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our results contribute to the impression that extensive gaming is more heavily related to subjective health complaints among female than male adolescents.
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28.
  • Anna-Lena, Lindström Olsson, et al. (författare)
  • Intrångsskydd till järnvägen
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 285-286
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Antalet personpåkörningar på järnvägen är fortfarande hög med cirka 90 per år, där ungefär 85% av de omkomna beror på suicid (självmord). Av de olyckor som sker på spåren idag utgör självmord cirka 80 procent. Varje dödsfall eller olycka skapar förseningar och kostnader förutom det mänskliga lidandet. Trafikverket ska fram till 2030 nå regeringens etappmål om att antalet omkomna i bantrafiken ska halveras till 2030, även kallat halveringsmålet. Som del i suicidpreventionsarbetet har Trafikverket sedan 2015 monterat stålnätspanel längs befintlig järnväg på särskilt suicid- och olyckstäta platser, men önskad effekt har ej uppnåtts. Studien har genomförts av AFRY med stöd av Trafikverket för att se om det är möjligt att anpassa dagens viltstängsel till att även försvåra för människor att ta sig in spårområdet samtidigt som djur inte ska riskera att skada sig.För att undersöka hur stängslet bör utformas genomfördes klättringstester av totalt fem olika prototyper, där prototyp 1 var den första prototypen och prototyp 5 den slutgiltiga prototypen. Framtagandet av prototyperna var en iterativ process där varje prototyp modifierades utefter testresultaten från föregående prototyp. Utifrån resultatet från de genomförda klättringstesterna gjordes en bedömning av hur stor andel av en normalfördelad befolkning som respektive prototyp förhindrar. För de samhällsekonomiska beräkningarna baserades samtliga kalkylförutsättningar på ASEK 7.0. För att exemplifiera samhällsnyttan valdes sträckan Norrköping-Linköping som utgångspunkt för kalkylen. Sträckan har både högt antal förseningsminuter på grund av obehörigt spårbeträdanden och personpåkörningar samt ligger på ett viktigt stråk i järnvägsnätet vilket innebär att en händelse lätt påverkar andra delar av järnvägssystemet. Kalkylen har gjorts utifrån ett antagande kring sparade liv, allvarligt skadade och förseningsminutrar som orsakas av obehörigt spårbeträdande.Den första prototypen bedömdes förhindra cirka 75% av en normalfördelad befolkning. Den slutgiltiga prototypen bedöms stoppa cirka 80 % av de som vill klättra över och vara ett viktigt verktyg i arbetet med att nå regeringens etappmål om att halvera antalet omkomna i bantrafiken till 2030. 
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29.
  •  
30.
  • Asplund, Eva, 1942-, et al. (författare)
  • Vårt uppdrag är utveckling : hållbar utveckling och regional tillväxt
  • 2010
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Boken handlar om erfarenheterna från några svenska regioners ansträngningar att omsätta hållbar utveckling inom ramen för regionalt tillväxtarbete, och behandlar bland annat lärandeprocesser och integration av miljöfrågor i en organisations arbete. Syftet är att inspirera till kritisk reflektion och diskussion vilket utgör en avgörande grund för förändring och lärande. I grunden handlar boken om vad arbetet med regional utveckling och tillväxt är och kan vara samt vilken roll hållbar utveckling spelar i arbetet.
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31.
  • Bergström, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • From carbohydrates to fat : Trends in food intake among Swedish nutrition students from 2002 to 2017
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 15:1, s. 1-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Earlier studies have implied a change in dietary habits of the Swedish population towards a low carbohydrate, high fat diet. Questions have been raised about the development in recent years and potential health effects. We have investigated the dietary intake of Swedish female students enrolled in a university nutrition course between 2002 and 2017. The students carried out self-reporting of all food and drink intake over one weekday and one weekend day. Intake of macronutrients (E%) and micronutrients were calculated for the whole period while statistical analysis was performed for changes between 2009 and 2017 (729 women). Results showed significant changes in carbohydrate intake (from 47.0 to 41.4 E%) and fat intake (from 31.7 to 37.5 E%). Carbohydrate intake was significantly lower than the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (45-60 E%). However, daily fiber intake remains high (3.0 g/MJ) in a national context, and intake of vitamin D and folate appears to increase during the period. The results suggest that the observed national transition from carbohydrate to fat intake persists, and that it might be especially evident among individuals interested in food and nutrition. Considering the fiber and micronutrient intake, the change is not necessarily unfavorable for this particular group.
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32.
  • Biørn-Hansen, Aksel, et al. (författare)
  • Building momentum: Scaling up change in community organizations
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; 2018-April
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Addressing calls in Sustainable HCI to scale up our work in HCI targeting sustainability, and the current knowledge gap of how to do this practically, we here present a qualitative study of 10 sustainability-oriented community organizations that are working to scale up their change making. They are all loosely connected to a local Transition network, meaning that they are aiming at transforming current practices in society, through local and practical action, to meet challenges related to climate change. We wanted to know how they try to scale up their change making, and what role ICT plays in enabling scaling up. The study contributes new insights about three stages of scaling up, in which ICT plays different roles. We conclude with implications for HCI for how to support community organizations in scaling up, while keeping values important for working toward a more resilient society.
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33.
  • Björkqvist, Maria, 1959- (författare)
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci septicaemia in newborns : aspects on host-bacterial interactions with special regard to neutrophil and endothelial response
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Newborn infants, especially those born preterm, are immunologically immature and prone to invasive infections. As a result of the increasing survival of very preterm (VPT < 31 weeks gestational age) newborns, nosocomial septicaemia has become a major concern the neonatal intensive care, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are nowadays the most frequently isolated pathogens in neonatal blood cultures. Further insight into host-bacterial interactions is required for the development of preventive strategies against CoNS septicaemia in VPT newborns.Aim of the study: To investigate host-bacterial interactions in neonatal CoNS septicaemia with special regard to the neutrophil and endothelial response and to bacterial virulence factors.Methods and results: Neonatal blood isolates of CoNS collected at Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden during the years 1983-1997 were characterised clinically and according to species and to phenotypic and genotypic patterns. Biochemial fingerprinting was found useful as a screening tool for selection of phenotypically related strains, but for further discrimination within a phenotypic cluster, genetic fingerprinting by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was required.The isolates of S. epidermidis collected during the later part of the study period (1990-1997, n = 50) were further investigated. A hypervirulent clone of bacteria was identified, representing 7 of the 12 sepsis isolates in that cohort. These 12 isolates of S. epidermidis induced significantly higher endothelial release of neutrophil chemoattractants from human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures than did the isolates regarded as skin contaminants (n = 38). There were no differences between the sepsis and contaminant groups in the prevalence of genes for biofilm production, methicillin resistance or fibrinogen-binding protein.The neutrophil oxidative burst occuring after stimulation by different bacterial strains was investigated by a flow cytometric method applied to a whole blood model. The oxidative activity in unstimulated neutrophils was similar in term (n = 10) and preterm (n = 10) newborns. However, the term newborns showed a significantly higher capacity to up-regulate the oxidative burst after bacterial stimulation. Significant differences in oxidative responses to different bacterial strains were observed, but these differences could not be related exclusively to species or invasive capacity.A neutrophil granule protein, human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), was evaluated as an early marker of neonatal septicaemia in newborns with clinical signs of infection. The serum level of HNL was significantly higher in the infected group of neonates (n = 25) than in the group with non-proven infection (n = 62). In healthy term controls the HNL level was similar at age 3 days to that at birth and close to the level reported in healthy adults.Conclusions: The increased up-regulation of endothelial inflammatory mediators induced by sepsis isolates of S. epidermidis represents an important step in the pathogenesis of neonatal CoNS septicaemia. HNL might be useful as a marker of neutrophil activity also in VPT newborns. The laboratory assays used in the present study can be further developed for future investigations of the pathogenesis and host-bacterial interactions in neonatal CoNS septicaemia.
  •  
34.
  • Björner Brauer, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Re-configuring practices in times of energy crisis : A case study of Swedish households
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 114, s. 103578-103578
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the autumn, winter and early spring of 2022/2023, Europe faced rapidly increasing energy prices and threats of power cuts. The situation was consequently labelled an “energy crisis”, and one sector that was severely affected was households. In response to the situation, European households made efforts to reduce and time-shift their energy use to mitigate the effects of the crisis. Considering that domestic energy practices are often difficult to change, particularly in the long term, we find this effect of the energy crisis on households important to understand more deeply. In this paper, we use social practice theory to investigate how Swedish households responded to the crisis and what changes they made in terms of re-configurations of their practices. The aim was to contribute knowledge on how households adapt to a changing energy system with volatile prices, limitations in electric power, and threats of energy crisis. We conducted two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 9 households in single-family houses in the middle and south of Sweden during and after the crisis, in total 18 interviews, to examine what re-configurations of practices emerged and which persisted over time. The results show that significant changes were apparent in primarily the practice domains of heating and hygiene. While some of these changes were temporary, other re-configurations of energy practices persisted beyond the months of crisis and high prices, indicating that meanings of frugality and sufficiency were strengthened. Our results demonstrate that households were reminded of certain electricity use that is otherwise typically backgrounded in homes and that the energy crisis stimulated re-configuration and re-examination of norms as well as reflection on electricity use in general. Finally, we discuss the effects of the energy crisis on household practices in comparison with other crises and disruptions, and point to the importance of communicating clearly with households about the societal effects of their efforts, in order to manage the legacy of this crisis for similar future crisis situations.
  •  
35.
  • Björner Brauer, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • The Ghost in the Heat Pump : Examining social flexibility potential in thermal comfort practices through an experiment of remote-controlled heating in detached houses
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Conference Proceedings  BEHAVE 2023 the 7th European Conference on Behaviour Change for Energy Efficiency. - : European Energy Network; Netherlands Enterprise Agency. ; , s. 240-251
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Utilizing energy flexibility in households through smart steering of appliances has received attention as one way to reduce power peaks and adapt demand to a renewable energy system. Heating is a big part of the electricity consumption in households, and heat pump technology is growing in popularity for heating detached houses. While there is ongoing research calculating the technical potential for energy flexibility from heat pumps, few studies combine remote control of heat pumps with qualitative research on how households experience this control. The purpose of this study is to find out how long-term steering of heat pumps is experienced by households, how it affects their heating practices, and how they make sense of remote steering as a service. The data originates from an interdisciplinary project combining a field trial where heat pumps of selected Swedish households were remotely controlled for two winter periods, with qualitative interviews with the households. We conducted interviews with 12 participants, before and after the trial.The results show that households were overall positive towards offering flexibility through remote-controlled heat pumps, and that the steering of the heating blended well with normal temperature variation associated with having a villa in Sweden. However, the respondents were mystified by the procedure, which created a ghost in the heat pump. Furthermore, remote steering as a service comes with challenges related to reliability, security, and agency over the heat pump. Important social conditions for adopting flexibility through remote steering of heat pumps are discussed.
  •  
36.
  • Boman, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary habits of Swedish university students in nutrition science between 2001 and 2016
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Abstracts. The 11th NORDIC NUTRITION CONFERENCE NNC2016. “Bridging nutrition sciences for better health in the Nordic countries”.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • While the Swedish nutrition recommendations have been kept relatively constant in recent years, public attitudes to different diets have been swinging faster. The National food survey (Riksmaten), being performed in Sweden only once per decade, cannot identify any corresponding rapid changes in diets. Hence, our understanding of potential fluctuations is limited. During the last 15 years, nutrition students at the Linnaeus University (formerly University of Kalmar) have reported their food intake in the context of the course Diet, Nutrition and Health 7,5 hp. The result is an extensive data set comprising more than 1100 individuals and over 2500 days of food intake reports, and although not originally intended or designed as a study, it became apparent that these data could be of interest as an indicator for national dietary trends. Food intake was reported (by weighing or estimating the amounts) for two weekdays and one weekend day per student, along with age, length, sex and weight. Food intake was translated to nutrient intake using Dietist Net software (Kost & Näringsdata).  Admittedly, the data set has some validity problems: the students differ from the Riksmaten study groups in mean age and geographical distribution, and all data was collected during March-April. As students in a nutrition course, they can also be expected to be more interested and more knowledgeable in the nutrition subject than the average person. Nevertheless, the results clearly demonstrate a substantial change in nutrient intake from 2006 and onwards, where the energy from carbohydrates decreased from above 50% to below 40%, and where the energy intake from fat increased from about 25% to 36%. Further details, such as the effects on the intake of selected micronutrients, will be presented.
  •  
37.
  • Bonderup Dohn, Nina, et al. (författare)
  • Conclusion : Emerging themes in sustainable networked learning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Sustainable networked learning. - Cham, Switwerland : Springer Nature. - 9783031427176 - 9783031427183 ; , s. 265-279
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this concluding chapter, we point to themes that emerge from the chapters in this book on sustainable networked learning. The themes cut across different sections of the book, indicating their broader significance. These themes are the lasting effects of lockdown online teaching; Digital sustainability for the future; Future roles of networked learning in society; Balancing utopia and dystopia in visions of AI and open data; Speculative methods in research, education and design; and Balancing qualitative and quantitative data in the research of networked educational settings: Studies at the community and project levels.
  •  
38.
  • Bondesson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • A CASCADE of effects of bisphenol A.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 28:4, s. 563-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
39.
  • Bonnevier, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Att födas några veckor för tidigt – spelar det någon roll? : [Born a few weeks too early; does it matter?]
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Late and moderately preterm infants, born between 32+0/7 and 36+6/7 gestational weeks, comprise more than 80 % of all preterm infants and account for almost 40 % of all days of neonatal care. While their total number of days of care has not changed, an increasing part of their neonatal stay (from 29 % in 2011 to 41 % in 2017) is now within home care programmes. Late and moderate preterm birth is often complicated by respiratory disorders, hyperbilirubinemia, hypothermia and feeding difficulties. These infants also have an increased risk of perinatal death and neurologic complications. In the long run, they have higher risks of cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric diagnoses and need for asthma medication. As young adults, they have a lower educational level and a lower average salary than their full-term counterparts. They also have an increased risk of long-term sick leave, disability pension and need for economic assistance from society.
  •  
40.
  • Borg, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Perinatal tissue distribution of perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) in mice.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Abstracts of the 46th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. ; 189:SI, s. S147-S147
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an industrial chemical that has been used as a surfactant and surface protector for more than fifty years. It has during the last decade emerged as an environmental contaminant due to its widespread presence in humans and wildlife and its persistant, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. PFOS is developmentally toxic and late in utero exposure in rodents affects neonatal survival and growth. Observed symptoms suggest impaired pulmonary function, but the cause of the mortality has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to determine the perinatal tissue distribution of S35-labelled PFOS in mice using whole-body autoradiography (WBA) combined with liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were dosed orally on gestation day (GD) 16 and sampled on GD18, GD20 and postnatal day (PND) 1 (dams + pups). The results from the WBA and the LSC were unequivocal. In dams, PFOS accumulated primarily in the liver, but also the lungs contained levels higher than the blood. PFOS was readily transferred to the fetus. At GD18 general PFOS levels were higher in the fetus than in the blood of the corresponding dam with accumulation in the liver. At GD20, general PFOS levels remained higher in the fetus than in the dam, with substantial accumulation also in the lung. The accumulation in the lung persisted at PND1. Our results show that the fetus is exposed to higher levels of PFOS than the dam and point towards the lung being the main perinatal target organ of PFOS.
  •  
41.
  • Borg, D., et al. (författare)
  • Tissue distribution of S-35-labelled perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in C57Bl/6 mice following late gestational exposure
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 30:4, s. 558-565
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exposure of rodents in utero to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) impairs perinatal development and survival Following intravenous or gavage exposure of C57Bl/6 mouse dams on gestational day (GD) 16 to S-35-PFOS (12 5 mg/kg) we determined the distribution in dams fetuses (GD18 and GD20) and pups (postnatal day 1 PND1) employing whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting In dams levels were highest in liver and lungs After placental transfer S-35-PFOS was present on GD18 at 2-3 times higher levels in lungs liver and kidneys than in maternal blood In PND1 pups levels in lungs were significantly higher than in GD18 fetuses A heterogeneous distribution of S-35-PFOS was observed in brains of fetuses and pups with levels higher than in maternal brain This first demonstration of substantial localization of PFOS to both perinatal and adult lungs is consistent with evidence describing the lung as a target for the toxicity of PFOS at these ages.
  •  
42.
  • Brauer, Hanna Björner, et al. (författare)
  • Re-configuring practices in times of energy crisis – A case study of Swedish households
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the autumn, winter and early spring of 2022/2023, Europe faced rapidly increasing energy prices and threats of power cuts. The situation was consequently labelled an “energy crisis”, and one sector that was severely affected was households. In response to the situation, European households made efforts to reduce and time-shift their energy use to mitigate the effects of the crisis. Considering that domestic energy practices are often difficult to change, particularly in the long term, we find this effect of the energy crisis on households important to understand more deeply. In this paper, we use social practice theory to investigate how Swedish households responded to the crisis and what changes they made in terms of re-configurations of their practices. The aim was to contribute knowledge on how households adapt to a changing energy system with volatile prices, limitations in electric power, and threats of energy crisis. We conducted two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 9 households in single-family houses in the middle and south of Sweden during and after the crisis, in total 18 interviews, to examine what re-configurations of practices emerged and which persisted over time. The results show that significant changes were apparent in primarily the practice domains of heating and hygiene. While some of these changes were temporary, other re-configurations of energy practices persisted beyond the months of crisis and high prices, indicating that meanings of frugality and sufficiency were strengthened. Our results demonstrate that households were reminded of certain electricity use that is otherwise typically backgrounded in homes and that the energy crisis stimulated re-configuration and re-examination of norms as well as reflection on electricity use in general. Finally, we discuss the effects of the energy crisis on household practices in comparison with other crises and disruptions, and point to the importance of communicating clearly with households about the societal effects of their efforts, in order to manage the legacy of this crisis for similar future crisis situations. 
  •  
43.
  • Brynjarsdóttir, Hrönn, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainably unpersuaded: how persuasion narrows our vision of sustainability
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450310154 ; , s. 947-956
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we provide a critical analysis of persuasive sustainability research from 2009-2011. Drawing on critical sociological theory of modernism, we argue that persuasion is based on a limited framing of sustainability, human behavior, and their interrelationship. This makes supporting sustainability easier, but leads to characteristic patterns of breakdown. We then detail problems that emerge from this narrowing of vision, such as how the framing of sustainability as the optimization of a simple metrics places technologies incorrectly as objective arbiters over complex issues of sustainability. We conclude by suggesting alternative approaches to move beyond these problems.
  •  
44.
  • Brynjólfsson, Siggeir Fannar, et al. (författare)
  • An Antibody Against Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM-1) Dampens Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Lamina Propria Cells from Patients with IBD.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Inflammatory bowel diseases. - 1536-4844. ; 22:8, s. 1803-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a potent amplifier of inflammation. Recently, the antimicrobial peptide PGLYRP-1 was shown to be the ligand of TREM-1. Here, the ability of an anti-TREM-1 antibody to dampen the release of proinflammatory cytokines by colon lamina propria cells (LPCs) from patients with IBD was investigated and correlated with PGLYRP-1 levels.Biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 45) or Crohn's disease (CD, n = 26) were compared with those from individuals undergoing colonoscopy for other reasons (n = 17). TREM-1 expression was analyzed on myeloid cells by flow cytometry. Cell culture experiments with LPCs were used to analyze PGLYRP-1 and inflammatory cytokine levels and assess the effect of anti-TREM-1 on cytokine secretion.The frequency of TREM-1-expressing neutrophils and recruited macrophages was higher in inflamed than in noninflamed biopsies. The PGLYRP-1 level in inflamed tissue was higher than in noninflamed tissue; it was produced primarily by neutrophils, and its level correlated with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Secretion of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-8 by LPCs stimulated with the potent TREM-1 agonist consisting of PGLYRP-1 complexed with peptidoglycan was reduced in the presence of anti-TREM-1. Moreover, a blocking effect of anti-TREM-1 was apparent when LPCs from a subset of inflamed individuals with elevated PGLYRP-1 were stimulated with killed bacteria.An anti-TREM-1 antibody can dampen secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed patients with elevated PGLYRP-1. Moreover, PGLYRP-1 + myeloperoxidase is a potential biomarker for predicting the effect of anti-TREM-1 therapy.
  •  
45.
  • Buhrman, Monica, et al. (författare)
  • Psychological treatment targeting acceptance and compassion in chronic pain patients : a randomized controlled, internet delivered, treatment trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 39:12, s. 672-685
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Objectives: Chronic pain is often associated with suffering. Self-criticism is associated with depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore if fusing acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion focused therapy (CFT), could improve psychological wellbeing and disability in chronic pain patients with high levels of self-criticism in comparison to a wait-list control group. Methods: Individuals with chronic pain (n=71) were randomly assigned to an 8-week internet-based intervention focused on acceptance and compassion or a wait-list condition. Primary treatments outcomes were Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Pain Disability index. Secondary outcomes were Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Anxiety sensitivity index, Quality of Life Inventor, Multidimensional Pain Inventory and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. Results: Missing data at post-intervention was 22.5%. ITT-analyses were conducted using linear mixed-models. Results revealed significantly greater levels of acceptance and self-compassion for the treatment group, which were primary outcomes, with effect sizes ranging from small to large and these results were maintained at six-month follow-up. Rates of clinical significant improvements were also greater for the treatment group in comparison to the wait-list control group on acceptance and compassion. Results in the third primary outcome showed also improvements in disability levels. Significant differences were also found in several of the secondary outcomes, in favour for the treatment group.Discussion: Internet-based ACT with CFT components shows promise as a viable treatment option in the management of chronic pain.
  •  
46.
  • Buhrman, Monica, et al. (författare)
  • Psychological Treatment Targeting Acceptance and Compassion in Patients With Chronic Pain : A Randomized Controlled, Internet-delivered, Treatment Trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 39:12, s. 672-685
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain is often associated with lower function. Self-criticism is associated with depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore if fusing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and compassion-focused therapy could improve psychological well-being and disability in individuals with chronic pain with high levels of self-criticism in comparison to a wait-list control group. METHODS: Individuals with chronic pain (n=71) were randomly assigned to an 8-week internet-based intervention focused on acceptance and compassion or a wait-list condition. Primary treatment outcomes were the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Pain Disability Index. Secondary outcomes were the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. RESULTS: Missing data at postintervention were 22.5%. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. The results revealed greater levels of acceptance and self-compassion for the treatment group, which were primary outcomes, with effect sizes ranging from small to large, and these results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The rates of clinically significant improvements were also greater for the treatment group in comparison to the wait-list control group on acceptance and compassion. The treatment group also improved in the third primary outcome, pain disability. Significant differences were found in several of the secondary outcomes, in favor of the treatment group. DISCUSSION: Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with compassion-focused therapy components shows promise as a viable treatment option in the management of chronic pain. 
  •  
47.
  • Chang Rundgren, Shu-Nu, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Educational Research in Citizenship Competences
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The Department of Education at Stockholm University. - Stockholm : Bokförlaget Atlas. - 9789174450385 ; , s. 158-177
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
48.
  • Claesdotter-Knutsson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Gender Differences and Associated Factors Influencing Problem Gambling in Adolescents in Sweden : Cross-sectional Investigation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2561-6722. ; 5:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Although gambling disorder is traditionally considered an adult phenomenon, the behavior usually begins in childhood or adolescence.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of problem gambling among Swedish adolescents and the suspected associated factors.METHODS: This study was based on data collected through a public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in ninth grade of primary school and in second grade of secondary school in Sweden. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of the associated factors differed between those with and without problem gambling.RESULTS: Approximately 11.7% (469/4002) of the boys in ninth grade of primary school and 13.9% (472/3407) of the boys in second grade of secondary school were classified as problem gamblers. For girls, the corresponding frequencies were 1.2% (48/4167) and 0.7% (27/3634), respectively. The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among ninth grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among second grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Problem gambling was associated with poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school and boys in second grade of secondary school. Problem gambling among girls in second grade of secondary school was associated with an increased prevalence of having tried smoking and other substances and an increased prevalence of poor sleep.CONCLUSIONS: Using a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents, we found that problem gambling was robustly associated with a substantially increased prevalence of poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school as well as among boys in second grade of secondary school. Our study adds important information for policy makers pointing at vulnerable groups to be considered in their work to prevent problem gambling.
  •  
49.
  • Conti, David, V, et al. (författare)
  • Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
  •  
50.
  • Corcoll, Natàlia, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Linking pesticide pollution with periphyton quality in agricultural streams: a fatty-acids approach
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting 13−17 May 2018 | Rome, Italy. Abstract Book.. - 2309-8031.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although the environmental risks associated with pesticide pollution in agricultural streams are quite well documented, little is know about its potential effects on periphyton quality. Periphyton provides many of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are needed for organisms at higher trophic levels in river food webs. This study aims to assess the effects of pesticide mixtures on periphyton quality in situ. Three streams (Höje å, Skivarpsån and M42) located in the agriculturally dominated region of Skåne (SE Sweden) were sampled in September and October 2016. The effects of pesticide pollution were assessed by passive field sampling coupled with laboratory ecotoxicity tests, by mixture toxicity modelling to predict which chemical stressors were potentially driving the toxicity, and by examining the fatty acid profiles, pigment content and algal diversity of periphyton communities. Results from water chemical analyses clearly showed higher levels of nutrients and pesticide pollution in Skivarpsån and M42 than in Höje å. Ecotoxicity tests using the passive sampler extracts demonstrated that the pesticide mixtures ocurring at Skivarpsån and M42 were toxic for periphyton communities from Höje å, causing an inhibition of the photosynthetic activity up to 63% and 53%, respectively. Cluster and principal component analyses based on pigments content, algal diversity and fatty acid profiles, clearly separated the periphyton from the three river sites studied. Algal biomass from periphyton of pesticide polluted streams (Skivarpsån and M42) was higher than in Höje å. The nutritive quality of the periphyton differed among streams, and fatty acids considered high-quality such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also more abundant in pesticide polluted streams (Skivarpsån and M42). Overal, even though results from the lab show that the mixture of pesticides pollution in the studied streams might be toxic for periphyton (i.e. inhibiting the photosynthetic activity), being herbicides the driving chemical stressors. Results from the field, indicate that when the levels of pesticide pollution are low and co-occur with high levels of nutrients pollution, nutrients migh mask pesticides effects on periphyton quantity and quality because compensatory effects from nutrients
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