| 1. |
- Anderbrant, O., et al.
(author)
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Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of pheromone receptors in male pine sawflies, Diprion pini (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae), and behavioural response to some compounds
- 1995
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In: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1910. ; 41:5, s. 395-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The morphology and physiology of pheromone receptors on the antennae of male pine sawflies, Diprion pini L., were investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, five sensillar types were recognized. The type shown to be pheromone sensitive has a long (50-70 μm) cuticular hair, is single-walled, and is innervated by 8 or 9 sensory cells as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Electroantennography (EAG) showed similar activity of the acetate and propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, precursor of the main constituent of the female-produced sex pheromone. No other isomer induced any significant response. Single-sensillum recordings confirmed the results of the EAG, and also showed that several neurons were excited by the active compound. EAG recordings and combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection indicated that esters of three 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) isomers were active, but field tests could not demonstrate any behavioural effect. Diprionol esters are used as sex pheromones by all other pine sawflies investigated so far, and D. pini is thus the first diprionid species shown to use a different sex pheromone.
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| 2. |
- Högberg, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Factors determining the 13C abundance of soil-respired CO2 in Boreal forests
- 2005
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In: Stable isotopes and biosphere-atmosphere interactions. - : Elsevier. - 9780120884476 ; , s. 47-68
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of the isotopic composition of the CO2 respired from soils may reveal information about the important component of the ecosystem C balance. This is crucial, since a large terrestrial sink for atmospheric CO2 has been located in the northern hemisphere, and the vast boreal forests may be largely responsible. At the same time, boreal and arctic ecosystems have large amounts of C stored in the soil, and could potentially become a source of CO2 in a warmer climate promoting more rapid decomposition of soil organic matter. Furthermore, the northern hemisphere has complex dynamics in terms of annual fluctuations in both the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and its δl3C. It is of utmost importance to understand the causes of this variability, since it interferes with the partitioning between the ocean and the terrestrial contributions in global models. This chapter aims to provide an update on the reviews by Flanagan and Ehleringer and Ehleringer et al. on the causation of the δ13C of the soil CO2 efflux and, in doing this, focuses on the boreal forests.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lauridsen, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Microstructure evolution of Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
- 2010
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 58:20, s. 6592-6599
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanocomposite coatings consisting of Ag and TiCx (x < 1) crystallites in a matrix of amorphous SiC were deposited by high-rate magnetron sputtering from Ti-Si-C-Ag compound targets. Different target compositions were used to achieve coatings with a Si content of similar to 13 at.%, while varying the C/Ti ratio and Ag content. Electron microscopy, helium ion microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to trace Ag segregation during deposition and possible decomposition of amorphous SiC. Eutectic interaction between Ag and Si is observed, and the Ag forms threading grains which coarsen with increased coating thickness. The coatings can be tailored for conductivity horizontally or vertically by controlling the shape and distribution of the Ag precipitates. Coatings were fabricated with hardness in the range 10-18 GPa and resistivity in the range 77-142 mu Omega cm.
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| 5. |
- Lossow, Stefan, 1977, et al.
(author)
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The SPARC water vapour assessment II: Profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour data sets obtained from satellites
- 2019
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In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 12:5, s. 2693-2732
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Within the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour were performed by considering 33 data sets derived from satellite observations of 15 different instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a picture of the typical biases and drifts in the observational database and to identify data-set-specific problems. The observational database typically exhibits the largest biases below 70 hPa, both in absolute and relative terms. The smallest biases are often found between 50 and 5 hPa. Typically, they range from 0.25 to 0.5 ppmv (5 % to 10 %) in this altitude region, based on the 50 % percentile over the different comparison results. Higher up, the biases increase with altitude overall but this general behaviour is accompanied by considerable variations. Characteristic values vary between 0.3 and 1 ppmv (4 % to 20 %). Obvious data-set-specific bias issues are found for a number of data sets. In our work we performed a drift analysis for data sets overlapping for a period of at least 36 months. This assessment shows a wide range of drifts among the different data sets that are statistically significant at the 2 σ uncertainty level. In general, the smallest drifts are found in the altitude range between about 30 and 10 hPa. Histograms considering results from all altitudes indicate the largest occurrence for drifts between 0.05 and 0.3 ppmv decade-1. Comparisons of our drift estimates to those derived from comparisons of zonal mean time series only exhibit statistically significant differences in slightly more than 3 % of the comparisons. Hence, drift estimates from profile-to-profile and zonal mean time series comparisons are largely interchangeable. As for the biases, a number of data sets exhibit prominent drift issues. In our analyses we found that the large number of MIPAS data sets included in the assessment affects our general results as well as the bias summaries we provide for the individual data sets. This is because these data sets exhibit a relative similarity with respect to the remaining data sets, despite the fact that they are based on different measurement modes and different processors implementing different retrieval choices. Because of that, we have by default considered an aggregation of the comparison results obtained from MIPAS data sets. Results without this aggregation are provided on multiple occasions to characterise the effects due to the numerous MIPAS data sets. Among other effects, they cause a reduction of the typical biases in the observational database.
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| 6. |
- Padavala, Balabalaji, et al.
(author)
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Cubic boron phosphide epitaxy on zirconium diboride
- 2018
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In: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 483, s. 115-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cubic boron phosphide (BP) is one of the least studied III-V compound semiconductors, in part because it is difficult to prepare in high quality form. In this study, zirconium diboride (ZrB2) was studied as a potential substrate for BP epitaxial layers, because of its advantages of a low lattice constant mismatch and high thermal stability. Two types of substrates were considered: ZrB2(0001) epitaxial films on 4H-SiC (0001) and bulk ZrB2(0001) single crystals. The optimal temperature for epitaxy on these substrates was 1100 degrees C; higher and lower temperatures resulted in polycrystalline films. The BP film/ZrB2 interface was abrupt as confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, attesting to the stability of ZrB2 under BP deposition conditions. The BP films were under compressive and tensile strain on ZrB2 and ZrB2/4H-SiC substrates, respectively, as determined by Raman spectroscopy, due to differences in the substrate/film coefficients of thermal expansion. This study suggests that with further optimization, ZrB2 can be an excellent substrate for BP epitaxial films. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Richter, Hans, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Mental and Visual Load Resulting from Semi-automated and Conventional Forest Forwarding : An Experimental Machine Simulation Study
- 2019. - 827
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In: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319960586 - 9783319960593 ; , s. 199-208
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to extend the knowledge offunctional linkages between visual and mental load, performance, and prefrontalcortex (PFC) activity, during forestry forwarding work. Eleven healthy participants,range 21–51 years old, with a minimum of 1-year work experience,carried out the task of loading logs along a standardized path in a machinesimulator during two counterbalanced test conditions: (i) conventional cranecontrol, and; (ii) semi-automated crane control. Mental load was assessed byquantification of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration changes overthe right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) via non-invasive functional nearinfrared spectrometry (fNIRS). Visual, autonomic, and motoric control variableswere measured and analyzed in parallel along with the individual level of performance.Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analysis indicated more mental loadduring conventional crane work. Collectively, our data suggest that fNIRS is aviable tool which can be used in neuroergonomic research to evaluate physiologicalactivity levels in PFC.
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| 9. |
- Tropé, C, et al.
(author)
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Doxorubicin-melphalan with and without cisplatin in advanced ovarian cancer--ten-year survival results from a prospective randomized study by the Swedish Cooperative Ovarian Cancer Study Group
- 1996
-
In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 35 Suppl 8, s. 18-109
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a controlled prospective randomized study the regimen doxorubicin (A) 40 mg/m2 + melphalan (M) 0.4 mg/kg was compared with A + M + cisplatin (C) 50 mg/m2 given every four weeks in advanced ovarian cancer, FIGO stage III or IV and with serous or anaplastic histology. From 1981 to 1983, 300 patients entered the study and 295 patients were evaluable for response, toxicity and long-term survival. All patients were followed for at least 10 years. The majority of patients had large residual tumours >2 cm. Patients treated with MAC had a higher response rate compared with patients treated with MA (76% vs. 50%, p < 0.01) and treatment with MAC resulted in significantly more pathological complete responders than MA. There was a significant difference in median duration of response (19 months vs. 13 months, p < 0.006) and in median survival time (26 months vs. 19 months, p = 0.05). After 5- and 10 years a significant difference in progression-free and overall survival was found. The independent prognostic factors in this study were residual tumour after primary surgery, treatment with MAC, tumour grade, ascites, and stage. Objective and subjective side effects were significantly worse with MAC, although tolerable. In conclusion, this study shows that incorporating C into MA improves the duration of progression-free survival and overall survival in women with incompletely resected Stage III or Stage IV ovarian epithelial cancer. A 5- and 10-year survival of 25% and 18%, respectively, is impressive.
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| 10. |
- Åmark, H., et al.
(author)
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Single versus pairwise interpretation of cardiotochography, a comparative study from six Swedish delivery units
- 2014
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 5:4, s. 195-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether interpreting CTG pairwise brings about a higher level of correctly classified CTG recordings in a non-selected population of midwives and physicians. Study design: A comparative study. Setting: Five delivery units in Stockholm and one delivery unit in Uppsala, with 1589, 3740, 3908, 4539, 6438, and 7331 deliveries in 2011, respectively. Subjects: 536 midwives and physicians classified one randomly selected CTG recording individually followed by a pairwise classification. The pairs consisted of two midwives (119 pairs) or one midwife and one physician (149 pairs), a total of 268 pairs. Main outcome measure: The proportion of individually correctly classified CTG recordings versus the proportion of pairwise correctly classified CTG recordings. Results: The proportion of individually correctly classified CTG's was 75% and the proportion of pairwise correctly classified CTG's was 80% (difference 5%, p = 0.12). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference when CTG's were classified pairwise compared to individual classifications. The proportion of individually correctly classified CTG's was high (75%). There were differences in the proportion of correctly classified CTG recordings between the delivery units, indicating potential areas of improvement. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
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| 11. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(author)
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Attraction of Male Pine Sawflies, Diprion jingyuanensis, to Synthetic Pheromone Candidates: Synergism between Two Stereoisomers
- 2023
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In: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 14:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pine sawfly Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao and Zhang (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) is a serious pest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in the Shanxi, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia provinces in P. R. China. The sex pheromone of D. jingyuanensis was shown to be the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol. Virgin females contained an approximate 1:3 blend of the pheromone precursors erythro-(2S,3S,7R/S and 2R,3R,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and threo-(2S,3R,7R/S and 2R,3S,7R/S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, but the exact stereoisomers were not determined. Males responded the strongest to the propionate ester of the two threo-isomers, (2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), in electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, followed by a significant EAG response to the (2S,3R,7R) propionate of diprionol (pheromone component of D. similis), whereas the remaining two isomers (2S,3S,7S and 2S,3S,7R) of the propionate ester of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol and the acetate of the (2S,3R,7R) isomer (one of the two pheromone components of D. pini) did not elicit any significant increase in antennal response. In the field, the strongly EAG-active (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone was only weakly (but significantly) attractive to D. jingyuanensis males at 100 & mu;g, while the equally EAG- active (2S,3R,7S)-isomer alone at the same loading was 8-14 times more attractive than was the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer alone. Traps baited with the same amounts of the two threo-isomers ((2S,3R,7R) and (2S,3R,7S), 100 & mu;g + 100 & mu;g) caught significantly more males than did traps baited with other isomers, either of the two isomers alone or other proportions of the two isomers. Thus, the (2S,3R,7S)-isomer is considered as a strong and essential sex-attractant component for D. jingyuanensis males, whereas the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer is a weak but synergistic sex-attractant. This is one of the few examples of a pine sawfly responding significantly stronger to a binary blend of stereoisomers in a synergistic fashion than to a single stereoisomer alone.
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| 12. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(author)
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Field response of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer to the pheromone (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate and its stereoisomers
- 1992
-
In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 62:2, s. 169-181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All eight optical isomers of 3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecanyl acetate (diprionyl acetate), of high optical purity (>97.4%), were tested for a behavioural activity on male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in northern Europe. Males were strongly attracted to (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. Addition of more than 0.1% of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer reduced the catch and above 2% the attraction was completely inhibited. Contrary to what has been reported for North American and Japanese populations, so significant synergistic effect of small amounts of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer could be demonstrated. The effects of addition of the other six optical isomers alone or in combinations, were also studied, but none was found to be a synergist. The (2S, 3R, 7S)‐isomer had a weak inhibitory effect, and completely inhibited the attraction to the (2S, 3S, 7S)‐isomer when applied in about equal amounts as the attractant. In some cases a reduction in catch was noted when other isomers were tested, but this could be attributed to the very small amounts of the inhibitory (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer present in these isomers. 1992 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dahm-Kähler, Pernilla, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Population-based study of survival for women with serous cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum or undesignated origin - on behalf of the Swedish gynecological cancer group (SweGCG)
- 2017
-
In: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 144:1, s. 167-173
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the study was to determine survival outcome in patients with serous cancer in the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and of undesignated origin. Methods. Nation-wide population-based study of women 18 years with histologically verified non-uterine serous cancer, included in the Swedish Quality Registry for primary cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum diagnosed 2009-2013. Relative survival (RS) was estimated using the Ederer II method. Simple and multivariable analyses were estimated by Poisson regression models. Results. Of 5627 women identified, 1246 (22%) had borderline tumors and 4381 had malignant tumors. In total, 2359 women had serous cancer; 71% originated in the ovary (OC), 9% in the fallopian tube (FTC), 9% in the peritoneum (PPC) and 11% at an undesignated primary site (UPS). Estimated RS at 5-years was 37%; for FTC 54%, 40% for OC, 34% for PPC and 13% for UPS. In multivariable regression analyses restricted to women who had undergone primary or interval debulldng surgery for OC, FTC and PPC, site of origin was not independently associated with survival. Significant associations with worse survival were found for advanced stages (RR 2.63, P<0.001), moderate (RR 1.90, P<0.047) and poor differentiation (RR 2.20, P<0.009), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR1.33, P<0.022), residual tumor (RR 2.65, P<0.001) and platinum single (2.34, P<0.001) compared to platinum combination chemotherapy. Conclusion. Survival was poorer for serous cancer at UPS than for ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer. Serous cancer at UPS needs to be addressed when reporting and comparing survival rates of ovarian cancer. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Eklund, Per, et al.
(author)
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Microstructure and electrical properties of Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite thin films
- 2007
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 201:14, s. 6465-6469
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings consisting of nanocrystalline TiC in an amorphous Si matrix with segregated Ag were deposited by dual magnetron sputtering from Ti3SiC2 and Ag targets. As evidenced by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, for Ag contents below 10 at.%, the Ag forms similar to 10 nm large crystallites that are homogeneously distributed in the films. For higher Ag contents, coalescence during growth results in the formation of > similar to 100 nm Ag islands on the film surface. The electrical resistivity of the coatings was measured in a four-point-probe setup, and ranged from 340 mu Omega cm (for Ti-Si-C coatings without Ag) to 40 mu Omega cm (for high Ag content).
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| 16. |
- Fottrell, Edward, et al.
(author)
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Revealing the burden of maternal mortality : a probabilistic model for determining pregnancy-related causes of death from verbal autopsies
- 2007
-
In: Population Health Metrics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1478-7954. ; 5:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Substantial reductions in maternal mortality are called for in Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG-5), thus assuming that maternal mortality is measurable. A key difficulty is attributing causes of death for the many women who die unaided in developing countries. Verbal autopsy (VA) can elicit circumstances of death, but data need to be interpreted reliably and consistently to serve as global indicators. Recent developments in probabilistic modelling of VA interpretation are adapted and assessed here for the specific circumstances of pregnancy-related death.Methods: A preliminary version of the InterVA-M probabilistic VA interpretation model was developed and refined with adult female VA data from several sources, and then assessed against 258 additional VA interviews from Burkina Faso. Likely causes of death produced by the model were compared with causes previously determined by local physicians. Distinction was made between free-text and closed-question data in the VA interviews, to assess the added value of free-text material on the model's output.Results: Following rationalisation between the model and physician interpretations, cause-specific mortality fractions were broadly similar. Case-by-case agreement between the model and any of the reviewing physicians reached approximately 60%, rising to approximately 80% when cases with a discrepancy were reviewed by an additional physician. Cardiovascular disease and malaria showed the largest differences between the methods, and the attribution of infections related to pregnancy also varied. The model estimated 30% of deaths to be pregnancy-related, of which half were due to direct causes. Data derived from free-text made no appreciable difference.Conclusion: InterVA-M represents a potentially valuable new tool for measuring maternal mortality in an efficient, consistent and standardised way. Further development, refinement and validation are planned. It could become a routine tool in research and service settings where levels and changes in pregnancy-related deaths need to be measured, for example in assessing progress towards MDG-5.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gunnarsson Sarius, Niklas, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Ni and Ti diffusion barrier layers between Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings and Cu-based substrates
- 2012
-
In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 206:8-9, s. 2558-2565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sputtered Ni and Ti layers were investigated as substitutes for electroplated Ni as adiffusion barrier between Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings and Cu orCuSn substrates. Samples were subjected to thermal annealing studies by exposure to400 ºC during 11 h. Dense diffusion barrier and coating hindered Cu from diffusing tothe surface. This condition was achieved for electroplated Ni in combination withmagnetron-sputtered Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-Ag layers deposited at 230 ºC and 300 ºC,and sputtered Ti or Ni layers in combination with Ti-Si-C-Ag deposited at 300 ºC.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Högberg, D., et al.
(author)
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Liquid-crystalline dye-sensitized solar cells : Design of two-dimensional molecular assemblies for efficient ion transport and thermal stability
- 2016
-
In: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 28:18, s. 6493-6500
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanostructured liquid-crystalline (LC) electrolytes have been developed for efficient and stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Two types of ionic LC assemblies for electrolytes have been designed: (i) noncovalent assemblies of two-component mixtures consisting of I2-doped imidazolium ionic liquids and carbonate-terminated mesogenic compounds (noncovalent type) and (ii) single-component mesogenic compounds covalently bonding an imidazolium moiety doped with I2 (covalent type). These mesogenic compounds are designed with flexible oligooxyethylene spacers connecting the mesogenic and the polar moieties. The oligooxyethylene-based material design inhibits crystallization and leads to enhanced ion transport as compared to alkyl-linked analogues due to the higher flexibility of the oligooxyethylene spacer. The noncovalent type mixtures exhibit a more than 10 times higher I3- diffusion coefficient compared to the covalent type assemblies. DSSCs containing the noncovalent type liquid crystals show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 5.8 ± 0.2% at 30 °C and 0.9 ± 0.1% at 120 °C. In contrast, solar cells containing the covalent type electrolytes show significant increase in PCE up to 2.4 ± 0.1% at 120 °C and show superior performance to the noncovalent type-based devices at temperature above 90 °C. Furthermore, the LC-DSSCs exhibit excellent long-term stability over 1000 h. These novel electrolyte designs open unexplored paths for the development of DSSCs capable of efficient conversion of light to electricity in a wide range of temperatures.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Koskela, Tuomas H., et al.
(author)
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What would primary care practitioners do differently after a delayed cancer diagnosis? : Learning lessons from their experiences
- 2023
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 42:1, s. 123-131
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Diagnosis of cancer is challenging in primary care due to the low incidence of cancer cases in primary care practice. A prolonged diagnostic interval may be due to doctor, patient or system factors, or may be due to the characteristics of the cancer itself. The objective of this study was to learn from Primary Care Physicians’ (PCP) experiences of incidents when they had failed to think of, or act on, a cancer diagnosis.Design: A qualitative, online survey eliciting PCP narratives. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Setting and subjects: A primary care study, with narratives from 159 PCPs in 23 European countries.Main outcome measures: PCPs’ narratives on the question ‘If you saw this patient with cancer presenting in the same way today, what would you do differently?Results: The main themes identified were: thinking broadly; improvement in communication and clinical management; use of other available resources and ‘I wouldn’t do anything differently’.Conclusion (Implications): To achieve more timely cancer diagnosis, PCPs need to provide a long-term, holistic and active approach with effective communication, and to ensure shared decision-making, follow-up and continuing re-assessment of the patients’ clinical conditions.
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| 27. |
- Lahdenperä, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Up-regulation of small intestinal interleukin-17 immunity in untreated coeliac disease but not in potential coeliac disease or in type 1 diabetes
- 2012
-
In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 167:2, s. 226-234
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-17 in small intestinal mucosa has been reported in coeliac disease (CD) and in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We explored mucosal IL-17 immunity in different stages of CD, including transglutaminase antibody (TGA)-positive children with potential CD, children with untreated and gluten-free diet-treated CD and in children with T1D. Immunohistochemistry was used for identification of IL-17 and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)-positive cells and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for IL-17, FoxP3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)c and interferon (IFN)-γ transcripts. IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were studied in supernatants from biopsy cultures. Expression of the apoptotic markers BAX and bcl-2 was evaluated in IL-17-stimulated CaCo-2 cells. The mucosal expression of IL-17 and FoxP3 transcripts were elevated in individuals with untreated CD when compared with the TGA-negative reference children, children with potential CD or gluten-free diet-treated children with CD (P andlt; 0·005 for all IL-17 comparisons and P andlt; 0·01 for all FoxP3 comparisons). The numbers of IL-17-positive cells were higher in lamina propria in children with CD than in children with T1D (P andlt; 0·05). In biopsy specimens from patients with untreated CD, enhanced spontaneous secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 was seen. Activation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 in IL-17-treated CaCo-2 epithelial cells suggests that IL-17 might be involved in mucosal protection. Up-regulation of IL-17 could, however, serve as a biomarker for the development of villous atrophy and active CD.
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| 28. |
- Lauridsen, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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High-rate deposition of amorphous and nanocomposite Ti-Si-C multifunctional coatings
- 2010
-
In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 205:2, s. 299-305
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amorphous (a) and nanocomposite Ti-Si-C coatings were deposited at rates up to 16 mu m/h by direct current magnetron sputtering from a Ti3SiC2 compound target, using an industrial pilot-plant system, onto high-speed steel. Si, and SiO2 substrates as well as NI-plated Cu cylinders, kept at a temperature of 200 or 270 degrees C. Electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that TiC/a-C/a-SiC nanocomposites were formed consisting of textured TIC nanocrystallites (nc) embedded in a matrix of a-C and a-SiC. Elastic recoil detection analysis showed that coatings deposited at a target-to-substrate distance of 2 cm and an Ar pressure of 10 mTorr have a composition close to that of the Ti3SiC2 compound target, as explained by ballistic transport of the species Increased target-to-substrate distance from 2 cm to 8 cm resulted in a higher carbon-to-titanium ratio in the coatings than for the Ti3SiC2 compound target, due to different gas-phase scattering properties between the sputtered species The coating microstructure could be modified from nanocrystalline to predominantly amorphous by changing the pressure and target-to-substrate conditions to 4 mTorr and 2 cm, respectively. A decreased pressure from 10 mTorr to 4 or 2 mTorr at a target-to-substrate distance of 2 cm decreased the deposition rate up to a factor of similar to 7 as explained by resputtering and an increase in the plasma sheath thickness. The coatings exhibited electrical resistivity in the range 160-800 mu Omega cm, contact resistance down to 08 m Omega at a contact force of 40 N, and nanoindentation hardness in the range of 6-38 GPa.
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| 29. |
- Lee, S. -K, et al.
(author)
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The formation and characterization of epitaxial titanium carbide contacts to 4H-SiC
- 2000
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In: Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. - San Francisco, CA. ; , s. T691-T696
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epitaxial TiC Ohmic and Schottky contacts to 4H-SiC were formed by a new deposition method, UHV co-evaporation with Ti and C60, at low temperature (< 500°C). We achieved a contact resistivity of 2 × 10-5 Ωcm2 at 25°C for as deposited Ohmic contacts on Al ion implanted 4H-Silicon carbide. The rectifying behavior of TiC Schottky contacts was also investigated using I-V and C-V. The measured Schottky barrier height (SBH) was 1.26 eV for n-type and 1.65 eV for p-type 4H-SiC using C-V measurements for frequencies ranging from 1kHz to 1MHz. LEED, RBS, XPS, and XRD measurements were performed to analyze composition ratio, interface reaction, and structural properties of the TiC epitaxial layer.
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| 30. |
- Lee, SK, et al.
(author)
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Low resistivity ohmic titanium carbide contacts to n- and p-type 4H-silicon carbide
- 2000
-
In: SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS. - 0038-1101. ; 44:7, s. 1179-1186
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low resistivity Ohmic contacts of epitaxial titanium carbide to highly doped n- (1.3 x 10(19) cm(-3)) and p- (>10(20) cm(-3)) type epilayer on 4H-SiC were investigated. The titanium carbide contacts were epitaxially grown using coevaporation with an e-bea
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Millde-Luthander, C., et al.
(author)
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The impact of a computer assisted learning programme on the ability to interpret cardiotochography. A before and after study
- 2012
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 3:1, s. 37-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if a computer assisted learning programme could bring about a higher degree of individuals who correctly classified cardiotochography (CTG) recordings in a non-selected population of midwives and physicians. Study design: A before and after study. Setting: Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: One hundred and thirty midwives and 49 physicians at the maternity unit, September 2009-April 2010. A computer assisted learning programme for interpreting CTG patterns has been created. All 179 individuals included made the first interpretation and the 135 individuals also completing the education made the second interpretation. A third randomly selected interpretation was performed immediately following the second; permitting two participants to classify a CTG together. Comparison between the before and after-test was based on the Fisher exact test. Main Outcome measure: The proportion of individuals who correctly classified CTGs before and after the training. Results: Sixty four percentage of the individuals classified the CTGs correctly before and 66% after the training (P=0.76). There was no difference between the two professional groups. Normal CTGs were correctly identified by 36% of the individuals before and in 80% after the training (P=0.065). Corresponding figures for pathological CTGs were 83% and 85% (P=1.00), respectively. Conclusion: We found no improvement in the proportion of individuals who classified CTGs correctly after the completion of a computer assisted learning programme in fetal monitoring. The baseline level of competence was higher than expected. © 2011 Elsevier B.V..
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Mogren, I, et al.
(author)
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Familial occurrence of preeclampsia.
- 1999
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In: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 10:5, s. 518-22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We conducted a cohort study on whether preeclampsia during the pregnancy of a mother is a risk factor for preeclampsia during the pregnancy of her daughter. Data from the Medical Birth Registry were combined with data from a local registry of births from 1955 to 1990. We could identify the births of 22,768 elder daughters and 2,959 younger daughters. These daughters had also experienced at least one delivery. If the mother had preeclampsia during her pregnancy with an elder daughter, then the elder daughter had an increased risk for preeclampsia in her first pregnancy (relative risk (RR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-2.2). This increased risk persisted into the elder daughter's second pregnancy (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-2.6). The risks for the daughters were also increased to a similar level if the mother had experienced preeclampsia in any other pregnancy. Furthermore, the risks were similarly elevated if only mothers with firstborn children were included in the analyses. Hence, preeclampsia during the pregnancy of a mother was a risk factor for development of preeclampsia during the pregnancy of her daughters; however, owing to a relatively small population attributable proportion, genetic predisposition explained only a minor part of the occurrence of preeclampsia in this population.
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| 36. |
- Mogren, I, et al.
(author)
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Fetal exposure, heredity and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in a Swedish welfare cohort.
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 30:4, s. 853-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our interpretation is that the 'fetal origins' hypothesis' is valid for middle-age subjects who grow up in a welfare society. The population attributable proportions that result from different exposures to LBW were relatively small overall; from a public health perspective, heredity was more important than LBW for elevated SBP.
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| 37. |
- Mogren, I, et al.
(author)
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Long-term impact of reproductive factors on the risk of cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer.
- 2001
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In: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 40:7, s. 849-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of maternal age, parity, low or high birthweight, multiple births, and pre-eclampsia on the risk of cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancers was studied. Data on 40951 women and the outcomes of their deliveries between 1955 and 1995 were obtained from birth registers. For the mothers, data from the Swedish Cancer Registry and the Cause of Death Register were added. The sample was evaluated using Cox's regression in univariate and bivariate analyses where the relative risk and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Increasing maternal age at first birth was associated with an increasing relative risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers, and with a decreased risk of cervical cancer. Multiparity was a protective factor for all gynaecological cancers, including cervical and breast cancers. Multiple births were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.
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| 38. |
- Mogren, I, et al.
(author)
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Recurrence of prolonged pregnancy.
- 1999
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 28:2, s. 253-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although moderate, prolonged pregnancy in mother may be a risk factor for prolonged pregnancy in daughter. A previous prolonged pregnancy increases the risk of prolonged pregnancy in a subsequent birth. However, the familial factor of prolonged pregnancy explains just a minor part of its occurrence in the population (due to small population attributable proportions).
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| 39. |
- Moret, Matthieu, et al.
(author)
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Rhombohedral and turbostratic boron nitride : X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence signatures
- 2021
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 119:26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Boron nitride (BN) layers with sp(2) bonding have been grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on AlN underlayers, which are deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates. Two different boron precursors were employed-trimethylboron and triethylboron-while ammonia was used as the nitrogen precursor. The BN obtained epitaxial BN films contain ordered rhombohedral (rBN) and partially ordered turbostratic (tBN) stackings as evidenced by x-ray diffraction analysis. We discriminatively identify the PL signatures of the rBN and tBN from those typical of the hexagonal (hBN) and Bernal stackings (bBN). The optical signature of tBN appears at 5.45eV, and it intercalates between the two recombination bands typical of rBN at 5.35eV (strong intensity) and 5.55eV(weaker intensity). The analogs of the high intensity band at 5.35eV in rBN sit at 5.47eV for hBN and at 5.54eV for bBN.
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| 40. |
- Myléus, Anna, MD PhD, et al.
(author)
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Questionnaire showed that Swedish paediatric clinics complied well with the revised European guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease
- 2019
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1140-1143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: In 2012, revised criteria for diagnosing childhood coeliac disease were published by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and incorporated into the revised Swedish guidelines the same year. These made it possible, in certain cases, to diagnose coeliac disease without taking small bowel biopsies. This survey assessed the extent to which the new guidelines were implemented by Swedish paediatric clinics two years after their introduction.Methods: In October 2014, we distributed a paper questionnaire including five questions on diagnostic routines to the 40 paediatric clinics in university or regional hospitals in Sweden that perform small bowel biopsies.Results: All 36 (90%) clinics that responded used anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies as the initial diagnostic test and some also used serological markers. Most clinics (81%) used endoscopy and took multiple duodenal biopsies, whereas only a few (19%) occasionally employed a suction capsule. Almost all clinics (86%) omitted taking small bowel biopsies in symptomatic children with repeatedly high coeliac serology and positive genotyping, thereby avoiding the need for invasive endoscopy under anaesthesia.Conclusion: The 2012 Swedish Paediatric Coeliac Disease Diagnostic Guidelines had been widely accepted and implemented in routine health care two years after their introduction.
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| 41. |
- Nardo, D., et al.
(author)
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Neurobiology of sleep disturbances in PTSD patients and traumatized controls: MRI and SPECT findings
- 2015
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In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 6:SEP
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Sleep disturbances such as insomnia and nightmares are core components of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet their neurobiological relationship is still largely unknown. We investigated brain alterations related to sleep disturbances in PTSD patients and controls by using both structural and functional neuroimaging techniques. Method: Thirty-nine subjects either developing (n = 21) or not developing (n = 18) PTSD underwent magnetic resonance imaging and a symptom-provocation protocol followed by the injection of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime. Subjects were also tested with diagnostic and self-rating scales on the basis of which a Sleep Disturbances Score (SDS; i.e., amount of insomnia/nightmares) was computed. Results: Correlations between SDS and gray matter volume (GMV)/regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were computed in the whole sample and separately in the PTSD and control groups. In the whole sample, higher sleep disturbances were associated with significantly reduced GMV in amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, and insula; increased rCBF in midbrain, precuneus, and insula; and decreased rCBF in anterior cingulate. This pattern was substantially confirmed in the PTSD group, but not in controls. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are associated with GMV loss in anterior limbic/paralimbic, PTSD-sensitive structures and with functional alterations in regions implicated in rapid eye movement-sleep control, supporting the existence of a link between PTSD and sleep disturbance. © 2015 Nardo, Högberg, Jonsson, Jacobsson, Hällström and Pagani.
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| 42. |
- Norin, L, et al.
(author)
-
Deposition of transition metal carbide superlattices using C-60 as a carbon source
- 1998
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. ; 73:19, s. 2754-2756
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epitaxial films of TiC and VC can be deposited at low temperatures on Mg(001) substrates by coevaporation of the metals with C-60 in a ultrahigh vacuum system. This process was used to deposit TiC/VC (001) superlattices on MgO(001) at 400 degrees C. The
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| 43. |
- Pagani, M, et al.
(author)
-
Regional cerebral blood flow during auditory recall in 47 subjects exposed to assaultive and non-assaultive trauma and developing or not posttraumatic stress disorder
- 2005
-
In: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 255:5, s. 359-365
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Psychological trauma leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in susceptible subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between two groups of subjects exposed to different types of traumatic stressor either developing or not developing PTSD. METHODS: Twenty subjects developing (S) and 27 not developing (NS) PTSD after being exposed to either earlier person-under-the-train accident (NA) or being assaulted in the underground environment (A) were included in the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed and the uptake in 29 regions of the brain (VOIs), bilaterally, was assessed. rCBF distribution was compared, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), between groups (S/NS) and type (A/NA) during a situation involving an auditory evoked re-experiencing of the traumatic event. Discriminant analysis was applied to test the concordance between clinical diagnosis and SPECT findings. RESULTS: In the general analyses significant differences were found between groups and types and there was a significant hemisphere x type interaction. S showed higher CBF than NS and so did A as compared to NA, particularly in the right hemisphere. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 66% of cases (p < 0001) in testing S/NS and 72% (p < 0001) in testing NA/A. CONCLUSIONS: Under recall of their traumatic experience we found higher relative CBF distribution values in S as compared to NS. CBF was higher in the right hemisphere and particularly in assaulted subjects. These findings underscore the role upon trauma recall of both the right hemisphere and the nature of the stressing event.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(author)
-
Germline mutations in TGM2 do not contribute to coeliac disease susceptibility in the Swedish population
- 2001
-
In: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 13:12, s. 1477-1479
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Coeliac disease (CD) shows a strong genetic predisposition involving HLA-DQ2 and non-HLA components. Tissue transglutaminase, encoded by TGM2, occupies a central role in the CD pathogenesis, necessary for the deamidation of specific glutamine residues of a-gliadin creating a T-cell epitope that binds with increased affinity to DQ2. To investigate whether germline mutations in TGM2 contribute to disease susceptibility we have carried out a comprehensive analysis of the gene in 52 patients with CD. Design: Blood samples were collected from 52 children with biopsy proven CD attending one Swedish centre. DNA was estracted from lymphocytes and all exons and intronexon boundaries of the TGM2 gene and the alternatively spliced form of the gene were screened for mutations. Methods: Mutational analysis was undertaken by a combination of conformational specific gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. Results: Three novel polymorphisms were identified but no pathogenic mutations were detected. Conclusions: There is no evidence from this study that mutations in TGM2, which lead to an altered protein, contribute to CD susceptibility.
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| 46. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(author)
-
Variation in the CTLA4/CD28 gene region confers an increased risk of coeliac disease.
- 2002
-
In: Annals of human genetics. - 0003-4800 .- 1469-1809. ; 66:Pt 2, s. 125-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Susceptibility to coeliac disease involves HLA and non-HLA-linked genes. The CTLA4/CD28 gene region encodes immune regulatory T-cell surface molecules and is a strong candidate as a susceptibility locus. We evaluated CTLA4/CD28 in coeliac disease by genetic linkage and association and combined our findings with published studies through a meta-analysis. 116 multiplex families were genotyped across CTLA4/CD28 using eight markers. The contribution of CTLA4/CD28 to coeliac disease was assessed by non-parametric linkage and association analyses. Seven studies were identified that had evaluated the relationship between CTLA4/CD28 and coeliac disease and a pooled analysis of data undertaken. In our study there was evidence for a relationship between variation in the CTLA4/CD28 region and coeliac disease by linkage and association analyses. However, the findings did not attain formal statistical significance (p = 0.004 and 0.039, respectively). Pooling findings with published results showed significant evidence for linkage (504 families) and association (940 families): p values, 0.0001 and 0.0014 at D2S2214, respectively, and 0.0008 and 0.0006 at D2S116, respectively. These findings suggest that variation in the CD28/CTLA4 gene region is a determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility. Dissecting the sequence variation underlying this relationship will depend on further analyses utilising denser sets of markers.
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| 47. |
- Pozina, Galia, et al.
(author)
-
Phase identification in γ- and κ-alumina coatings by cathodoluminescence
- 2009
-
In: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 61:4, s. 379-382
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cathodoluminescence (CL) properties were studied for metastable γ- and κ-Al2O3 coatings for cutting tool inserts. The alumina films demonstrate a strong CL, with peak energies depending on the Al2O3 polymorphs. The phase transformation caused by heat treatment is shown to correlate with strong CL modification in the annealed coatings. Spatially resolved CL is found to be a powerful nondestructive technique for identification of different alumina phases on the microscopic level. The corresponding optical properties of γ- and κ-Al2O3 are discussed.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Reddy Abbu,, Spuran, et al.
(author)
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Cost Model for remanufacturing
- 2022
-
In: SPSS2022 : Proceedings of the 10th Swedish Production Symposium - Proceedings of the 10th Swedish Production Symposium. - 2352-7528 .- 2352-751X. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; 21, s. 267-278
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the years, remanufacturing practices have grown in popularity in industrial areas. It is one of the most effective ways to keep products out of landfills by turning end-of-life items into usable products. However, the available literature on cost models is limited or specific to a product. A general cost model for remanufacturing is presented in this paper to understand the major costs involved in the process to aid decision-making. A model is developed based on activity-based costing and performance-based costing by considering both the activities that occur during the process and their performance. As a result of using the proposed model, it is easier to monitor the costs of each activity, changes in performance, and understand the resulting impact on the cost of finished products.
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| 50. |
- Richter, Hans, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of mental and visual loads resulting from semi-automated and conventional forest harvesting : An experimental machine simulation study
- 2018
-
In: FALF Konferens 2018: Arbetet - problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö?. - Gävle : Gävle Universtiy Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 96-
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study is concerned with a new method for partly automating forestry harvesting work. Work-related injuries and constant demands for a higher productivity are two of the many arguments for why forestry work must be improved. Forestry work places great mental demands on the driver because they must continuously evaluate and act on relevant parts in a heavy visual information flow. Against this background the purpose of the present study was to extend the knowledge of functional linkages between visual and mental fatigue, performance, and prefrontal cortex activity, during semi-automated and conventional forestry harvesting work. Eleven healthy participants, range 21–51 years old, with a minimum of 1-year work experience, carried out the task of loading logs along a standardized path in a machine simulator during two counterbalanced 45-min periods: (i) conventional forest harvesting, and; (ii) semi-automated forest harvesting. Equal emphasizes was put on accuracy and speed. During manual forest harvesting the driver controlled the crane arm, used to load logs into the load space of the forest vehicle (“forwarder”), by manually operating the joysticks and so guide the crane to the location of the log and then back to the load space. During semi-automatic forest harvesting the driver moved the crane with the press of a button to a pre-programmed location near the log and then, after another button press, to a pre-programmed location within the load space. The following joystick usage parameters were considered for the statistical analysis: Sequential work cycle number, work phase (1-loading in basket, 2-movement to log, 3-picking up log, 4-movement to load space), number of simultaneously used controls across samples of one phase, number of direction changes of joystick movements per phase. Mental load was assessed by quantification of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration changes over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) via non-invasive functional near infrared spectrometry (fFNIRS: PortaLite mini, Artinis Medical Systems, Zetten, the Netherlands). The frequency and duration of horizontal amplitudes of eye/head/neck angles was assessed continuously with 8 SmartEye cameras and used as a measure of visual load. NASA-TLX and Borg CRS was used to assess perceived mental and physical fatigue. Linear Mixed Model will be used to test and to analyze the effect of the duration of work, joystick usage, work type (manual or semi-automated) and perceived mental and physical effort on the outcome of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration. This study contributes with new knowledge of the consequences of the current increase in automation. The 4th industrial revolution can have tremendous implications on how we perceive and organize work in the future, but little is still known about the impact on human body and brain.
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