| 1. |
- Bertenstam, J, et al.
(författare)
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THE WAXHOLM APPLICATION DATABASE
- 1995
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an application database collected in Wizard-of-Oz experiments in a spoken dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The system provides information on boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago. The database consists of utterance-length speech files, their corressonding transcriptions, and log files of the dialogue sessions. In addition to the spontaneous dialogue speech, the material also comprise recordings of phonetically balanced reference sentences uttered by all 66 subjects. In the paper the recording procedure is described as well as some characteristics of the speech data and the dialogue.
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| 2. |
- Gaziano, Liam, et al.
(författare)
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Actionable druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies repurposing opportunities for COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses using gene expression and soluble protein data for 1,263 actionable druggable genes, which encode protein targets for approved drugs or drugs in clinical development, identify IFNAR2 and ACE2 as the most promising therapeutic targets for early management of COVID-19. Drug repurposing provides a rapid approach to meet the urgent need for therapeutics to address COVID-19. To identify therapeutic targets relevant to COVID-19, we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses, deriving genetic instruments based on transcriptomic and proteomic data for 1,263 actionable proteins that are targeted by approved drugs or in clinical phase of drug development. Using summary statistics from the Host Genetics Initiative and the Million Veteran Program, we studied 7,554 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and >1 million controls. We found significant Mendelian randomization results for three proteins (ACE2, P = 1.6 x 10(-6); IFNAR2, P = 9.8 x 10(-11) and IL-10RB, P = 2.3 x 10(-14)) using cis-expression quantitative trait loci genetic instruments that also had strong evidence for colocalization with COVID-19 hospitalization. To disentangle the shared expression quantitative trait loci signal for IL10RB and IFNAR2, we conducted phenome-wide association scans and pathway enrichment analysis, which suggested that IFNAR2 is more likely to play a role in COVID-19 hospitalization. Our findings prioritize trials of drugs targeting IFNAR2 and ACE2 for early management of COVID-19.
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| 3. |
- Glimelius, B, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in some major tumour types--summary and conclusions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X. ; 40, s. 135-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) reviews, classifies, and grades the scientific literature on cancer chemotherapy in some major tumour types, describes the practice of chemotherapy in Sweden, compares practice with scientific knowledge, and analyses the costs and cost-effectiveness of chemotherapy. The report is intended primarily for decision-makers at various levels, both practitioners and administrators. It is also of interest for the medical profession. The extensive body of scientific literature was reviewed according to strict criteria that reflected the scientific weight of the literature. Sixteen experts representing different disciplines (oncology, surgery, internal medicine, health economy and quality of life research) participated in the literature review. Each section was discussed within the project group and was reviewed by at least one, but usually two international researchers. Additional input was provided by national experts representing different scientific disciplines. For the final evaluation to be as close to the objective truth as possible, a concerted effort was made to guarantee objectivity and thorough assessment of current knowledge about the effects of chemotherapy on the selected cancers. The tumour types selected for this assessment include firstly those types where three investigations had shown an increased use of chemotherapy in Sweden during the latest decade. These were non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. Secondly, the two tumour types comprising the greatest number of patients treated with chemotherapy in Sweden, breast cancer and haematological malignancies, were included. Among the haematological malignancies, the most prevalent ones, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the large B-cell type and indolent NHL of follicular type were evaluated. These constitute about 75%, of all haematological malignancies. Thirdly, ovarian cancer was included since chemotherapy has been extensively used and since, at the time of the planning of this overview, a group of very expensive drugs, the taxanes, had preliminarily shown promising results. A wealth of scientific literature has been published on cancer therapy. The review presented in this report is limited to scientific studies judged to be important for evaluating chemotherapy efficacy. Assessments of the content and quality of these studies, and a critical summary of the results in all stages of the selected tumours, have never before been attempted in this way. However, similar comprehensive overviews of certain stages of the tumours have previously been made. These overviews were also critically evaluated. Totally 1,496 studies involving 558,743 patients were reviewed. The survey of practice of chemotherapy use involved all departments of surgery, urology, gynaecology, internal medicine including haematologic units, pulmonary medicine and general and gynaecologic oncology at 16 hospitals in two health care regions in Sweden, covering 39% of the Swedish population. During the 4 weeks of the survey, all patients with the diagnoses concerned who received chemotherapy were registered. The study included 1,590 patients. The working group's general conclusions are summarised in the following points: The literature on the effects of chemotherapy is extensive. Chemotherapy has a well-documented role in the curative and palliative treatment of patients with several types of cancer. The use of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for the possibility of cure in certain tumour types. In other tumours, chemotherapy increases the possibility of cure when added to local and regional treatments, particularly surgery. In the instances of no possibility of cure, chemotherapy may to a variable extent improve both patient survival and well-being. In Sweden chemotherapy is largely used in accordance with that documented in the scientific literature. The extent of both over- and under-treatment seems to be limited but cannot be excluded at the individual patient level. The literature-based knowledge is scientifically of lower quality in the most chemotherapy sensitive tumours than in tumours showing more limited sensitivity. In the more sensitive tumours, positive effects on a symptomatic stage and survival were seen several decades ago. In those days, clinical treatment studies did not fulfil the current high quality requirements. Small life-prolonging effects of chemotherapy are sometimes very well documented in large, high quality scientific studies. Some of these s
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lehmann, S, et al.
(författare)
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Continuing high early death rate in acute promyelocytic leukemia: a population-based report from the Swedish Adult Acute Leukemia Registry.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 25:7, s. 1128-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge about acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients is mainly based on data from clinical trials, whereas population-based information is scarce. We studied APL patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 in the population-based Swedish Adult Acute Leukemia Registry. Of a total of 3897 acute leukemia cases, 3205 (82%) had non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 105 (2.7%) had APL. The incidence of APL was 0.145 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years; 62% were female and 38% male. Among younger APL patients, female sex predominated (89% of patients <40 years). Of the 105 APL patients, 30 (29%) died within 30 days (that is, early death (ED)) (median 4 days) and 28 (26%) within 14 days from diagnosis. In all, 41% of the EDs were due to hemorrhage; 35% of ED patients never received all-trans-retinoic acid treatment. ED rates increased with age but more clearly with poor performance status. ED was also associated with high white blood cells, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, C-reactive protein and low platelet count. Of non-ED patients, 97% achieved complete remission of which 16% subsequently relapsed. In total, 62% are still alive at 6.4 years median follow-up. We conclude that ED rates remain very high in an unselected APL population.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Charlotte L., et al.
(författare)
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β₁-Adrenergic receptors increase UCP1 in human MADS brown adipocytes and rescue cold-acclimated β₃-adrenergic receptor-knockout mice via nonshivering thermogenesis
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 301:6, s. E1108-E1118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the finding that brown adipose tissue is present and negatively correlated to obesity in adult man, finding the mechanism(s) of how to activate brown adipose tissue in humans could be important in combating obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their complications. In mice, the main regulator of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is norepinephrine acting predominantly via β(3)-adrenergic receptors. However, vast majorities of β(3)-adrenergic agonists have so far not been able to stimulate human β(3)-adrenergic receptors or brown adipose tissue activity, and it was postulated that human brown adipose tissue could be regulated instead by β(1)-adrenergic receptors. Therefore, we have investigated the signaling pathways, specifically pathways to nonshivering thermogenesis, in mice lacking β(3)-adrenergic receptors. Wild-type and β(3)-knockout mice were either exposed to acute cold (up to 12 h) or acclimated for 7 wk to cold, and parameters related to metabolism and brown adipose tissue function were investigated. β(3)-knockout mice were able to survive both acute and prolonged cold exposure due to activation of β(1)-adrenergic receptors. Thus, in the absence of β(3)-adrenergic receptors, β(1)-adrenergic receptors are effectively able to signal via cAMP to elicit cAMP-mediated responses and to recruit and activate brown adipose tissue. In addition, we found that in human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells differentiated into functional brown adipocytes, activation of either β(1)-adrenergic receptors or β(3)-adrenergic receptors was able to increase UCP1 mRNA and protein levels. Thus, in humans, β(1)-adrenergic receptors could play an important role in regulating nonshivering thermogenesis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Payne, L, et al.
(författare)
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'Did you have flu last week?' A telephone survey to estimate a point prevalence of influenza in the Swedish population
- 2005
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Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - : European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC). - 1560-7917. ; 10:12, s. 5-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sentinel surveillance usually underestimates the true burden of influenza in a population, as individuals must present to medical establishments to be included in the surveillance system. We carried out a telephone survey to estimate the national burden of influenza in the Swedish population for one week during the 2004/05 influenza season. Fixed-line telephone numbers were randomly sampled and households interviewed concerning influenza illness between 14-20 February 2005 (Week 7 of 2005). Questions regarding seasonal influenza vaccination status, symptoms and the impact of illness on daily life were also included. A self-defined influenza prevalence of 7.7% in week 7 of 2005 was estimated. On applying a case definition of ‘cough and fever and muscle pain’ for influenza like illness, the prevalence decreased to 3.6%. The survey provided insight into the burden of illness in the population further to that estimated through the sentinel surveillance system.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Al-Anati, Lauy, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyl metabolite of PCB 180 induces DNA damage signaling and enhances the DNA damaging effect of benzo[a]pyrene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemico-Biological Interactions. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2797 .- 1872-7786. ; 239, s. 164-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in human tissues and blood. The toxicological impact of these metabolites is poorly understood. In this study rats were exposed to ultrapure PCB180 (10-1000 mg/kg bw) for 28 days and induction of genotoxic stress in liver was investigated. DNA damage signaling proteins (pChk1Ser317 and gamma H2AXSer319) were increased dose dependently in female rats. This increase was paralleled by increasing levels of the metabolite 3'-OH-PCB180. pChk1 was the most sensitive marker. In in vitro studies HepG2 cells were exposed to 1 mu M of PCB180 and 3'-OH-PCB180 or the positive control benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 5 mu M). 3'-OH-PCB180, but not PCB180, induced CYP1A1 mRNA and gamma H2AX. CYP1A1 mRNA induction was seen at 1 h, and gamma H2AX at 3 h. The anti-oxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) completely prevented, and 17 beta-estradiol amplified the gamma H2AX induction by 3'-OH-PCB180. As 3'-OH-PCB180 induced CYP1A1, a major BaP-metabolizing and activating enzyme, interactions between 3'-OH-PCB180 and BaP was also studied. The metabolite amplified the DNA damage signaling response to BaP. In conclusion, metabolism of PCB180 to its hydroxyl metabolite and the subsequent induction of CYP1A1 seem important for DNA damage induced by PCB180 in vivo. Amplification of the response with estradiol may explain why DNA damage was only seen in female rats.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ballerini, L., et al.
(författare)
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How Do People Choose Meat?
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a survey carried out to understand the choice of
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bejnö, Hampus, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting the Preschool Environment to the Needs of Children on the Autism Spectrum in Sweden : A quasi-experimental study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:3, s. 278-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Children on the autism spectrum may receive Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention (EIBI) in Sweden to support development by providing learning opportunities. However, research suggests a need to improve the quality of their learning environment.AIM This pre-registered study (#NCT03634761) aimed to evaluate the Swedish Autism Program Environment Rating Scale (APERS-P-SE) as a means to promote the quality of the pre-school learning environment for children on the autism spectrum, along with outcomes for these children, and their pre-school staff.MATERIAL AND METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, pre-school staff (n = 35) conducted either EIBI supported by in-service training and on-site coaching based on APERS-P-SE assessment (at k = 9 preschools) or EIBI only (k = 8), during an 8-months period.RESULTS The quality of the immediate learning environment (primary outcome) increased significantly in the EIBI/APERS-P-SE preschools. However, changes in child and pre-school staff measures were not significant.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE In-service training and on-site coaching based on APERS-P-SE assessments can increase the quality of the learning environment in Swedish pre-school. Studies of longer duration and larger sample size are required to determine if using the APERS-P-SE can also achieve desired behavioural change for children-, and impact pre-school staff applying EIBI.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Engberg, David L. J., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Atom probe tomography field evaporation characteristics and compositional corrections of ZrB2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microstructure of stoichiometric ZrB2.0 and B over-stoichiometric ZrB2.5 thin films has been studied using atom probe tomography (APT), X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Both films consist of columnar ZrB2 grains with AlB2-type crystal structure. The narrow stoichiometry range of ZrB2 results in the presence of separate disordered B-rich boundaries even in ZrB2.0. At higher average B content, specifically ZrB2.5, the formation of a continuous network around the sides of the ZrB2 columns is promoted. In addition, the APT field evaporation characteristics of ZrB2 and its influence on the measured local composition has been studied and compared to the average composition from elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). Differences in the measured average compositions of the two techniques are explained by the APT detector dead-time/space. A new pile-up pairs correction procedure based on co-evaporation correlation data was thus employed here for the APT data and compared with the 10B-method (the B equivalence of the 13C-method), as well as the combination of both methods. In ZrB2.0, all of the applied compositional correction methods were found to reduce the compositional difference when appropriate isotopic abundances were used. In ZrB2.5, the inhomogeneity of the film likely increased the local APT composition to such an extent that even conservative correction procedures overestimated the B content compared to the ERDA reference. The strengths of the pile-up pairs correction compared the 10B and the combined methods are higher precision, due to it being less dependent on the accuracy of estimated isotopic abundances, and that the correction itself is not dependent on careful background correction of the mass spectrum.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 induces p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis and NFκB-dependent differentiation of AML cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 1:23, s. 2046-2057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor survival, and there is a strong need to identify disease vulnerabilities that might reveal new treatment opportunities. Here, we found that Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 are upregulated on primary AML CD34+CD38-cells relative to corresponding normal bone marrow cells. Activating the TLR1/TLR2 complex by the agonist Pam3CSK4 inMLL-AF9-driven human AML resulted in induction of apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3 and myeloid differentiation in a NFκB-dependent manner. By using murineTrp53 -/- MLL-AF9AML cells, we demonstrate that p53 is dispensable for Pam3CSK4-induced apoptosis and differentiation. Moreover, murineAML1-ETO9a-driven AML cells also were forced into apoptosis and differentiation on TLR1/TLR2 activation, demonstrating that the antileukemic effects observed were not confined toMLL-rearranged AML. We further evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 would exhibit selective antileukemic effects. Ex vivo Pam3CSK4 treatment inhibited murine and human leukemia-initiating cells, whereas murine normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were relatively less affected. Consistent with these findings, primary human AML cells across several genetic subtypes of AML were more vulnerable for TLR1/TLR2 activation relative to normal human HSPCs. In theMLL-AF9AML mouse model, treatment with Pam3CSK4 provided proof of concept for in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Our results demonstrate that TLR1 and TLR2 are upregulated on primitive AML cells and that agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 forces AML cells into apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3, and differentiation by activating NFκB, thus revealing a new putative strategy for therapeutically targeting AML cells.
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| 22. |
- Fransson, Ann-Britt L., 1973-
(författare)
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Deracemization of Functionalized Alcohols via Combined Ruthenium and Enzyme Catalysis
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The major part of this thesis describes the synthesis of enantiopure alcohols and diols by combining ruthenium-catalyzed racemization or epimerization and lipase-catalyzed asymmetric transformations. A minor part of this thesis is focused on ruthenium-catalyzed redox reactions for transfer hydrogenation of 1,3-cycloalkanediketones. Kinetic resolution of racemic γ-hydroxy acid derivatives was performed via Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PS-C)-catalyzed transesterification. γ-Hydroxy esters and γ-hydroxy amides were studied showing in higher selec-tivity and yields for the γ-hydroxy amides. The enzyme PS-C tolerates both variation in the chain length and different functionalities giving good to high enantioselectivity. Combining enzymatic kinetic resolution with a ruthenium-catalyzed racemization led to a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). The use of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol as a hydrogen source to suppress ketone formation in the dynamic kinetic resolution increased the yields of the acetate product. The synthetic utility of this procedure was illustrated by the practical synthesis of the γ-lactone (R)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one. A distereoselective transformation of cis/trans-1,3-cyclohexandiol using Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-catalyzed transesterification was of interest. Desymmetrization of cis-1,3-cyclohexanediol to the (R-monoacetate was successfully accomplished. Enantiopure (R,R)-diacetate was obtained from the (R)-monoacetate in a DYKAT process at room tem-perature. Metal- and enzyme-catalyzed transformation of cis/trans-1,3-cyclohexanediol using PS-C, gives a high diastereoselectivity for cis-diacetate. The (S)-mono-acetate was obtained from cis-diacetate by CALB-catalyzed hydrolysis. In addition, it was shown, by the use of deuterium-labeling that intramolecular acyl migration does not occur in the transformation of cis-monoacetate to the cis-diacetate. Ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexanedione under microwave heating was developed as an efficient and fast method for the preparation of 1,3-cycloalkandiols.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Högberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of transition metal carbides and superlattices using C-60 as carbon source
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. - 0013-4651. ; 147:9, s. 3361-3369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of TiC, VC, and NbC have been deposited on MgO(001) by coevaporation of the metals and C-60 It was found that these metals induced a decomposition of the C-60 molecule and that carbide films can be formed at a temperature as low as 100 degrees
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Högberg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Prerequisites required for the provision and use of web-based communication for psychosocial support in haematologic care
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier Sci LTD. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 17:5, s. 596-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the prerequisites required for the provision and use of web-based communication for psychosocial support within a haematology clinic, from a patient and family perspective. Method: A qualitative design using content analysis was used. A strategically selected sample of patients ( n ¼ 11) and family members ( n ¼ 6) were offered access to a web-based communication capability with a nurse. After four months, individual interviews were conducted with all participants, in order to identify necessary prerequisites. Results: Preferences and characteristics of the individual patient or family member are crucial as to whether web-based communication for support is perceived as useful. To feel comfortable with writing and to self-identify the need for support are fundamental in getting motivated to use web-based com- munication. An effective organization around psychosocial support in general is another prerequisite. Goals and responsibilities must be clearly de fi ned for patients and family members to understand their rights and enable the transformation of opportunities into practice. The use of web-based communi- cation must also be a convenient and naturally incorporated part of both individual and organizational use of the web in general. Conclusions: Prerequisites of taking into account caretakers ’ different preferences and needs, providing highly structured psychosocial support activities and providing a congruent range of web services, are necessary for successful provision and use of web-based communication for psychosocial support.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Högberg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Children with screening-detected coeliac disease show increased levels of nitric oxide products in urine
- 2011
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Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:7, s. 1023-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in the urine is a strong indication of ongoing small intestinal inflammation, which is a hallmark of the enteropathy of coeliac disease (CD). It has previously been shown that children with symptomatic, untreated CD have increased levels of NO oxidation products in their urine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether screening-detected, asymptomatic coeliac children display the same urinary nitrite/nitrate pattern. Methods: In a multicenter screening study, serum samples were collected from 7208 12-year-old children without previously diagnosed CD. Sera were analysed for anti-human tissue transglutaminase (tTG) of isotype IgA. Small bowel biopsy was performed in antibody-positive children, yielding 153 new cases of CD. In the screening-detected individuals, the sum of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the urine was analysed and used as an indicator of NO production. For comparison, 73 children with untreated, symptomatic CD were studied. Results: The nitrite/nitrate levels in children with screening-detected CD and those with untreated symptomatic CD did not differ significantly. Both groups had significantly increased urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations compared to the children with normal small bowel biopsy (p andlt; 0.001). Conclusion: Children with screening-detected CD have increased production of NO just as children with untreated symptomatic CD. High NO metabolite levels in the urine may indicate a pathogenetic feature of CD and be a marker of major clinical importance.
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| 31. |
- Högberg, Liselotte Diaz, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic use worldwide
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 14:12, s. 1179-1180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Högberg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasal versus intravenous administration of midazolam to children undergoing small bowel biopsy
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 84:12, s. 1429-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-three children under the age of 9 years were randomized to receive intravenous (group A, n= 33) or intranasal (group B, n= 30) midazolam as sedation for small bowel biopsy. Mean doses of midazolam given to produce adequate sedation were 0.31 mg (kg body weight)−1 in group A and 0.34 mg (kg body weight)−1 in group B (NS). Four children in group A and 10 children in group B required additional doses to maintain adequate sedation throughout the biopsy procedure (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the median procedure time (7 min in group A, 8.5 min in group B) or median fluoroscopy time (5 s in group A, 4 s in group B). All children in group B showed signs of discomfort from the nose when given midazolam intranasally. In conclusion, this study indicates that intravenous administration of midazolam is preferable to the intranasal route.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Högberg, Thomas, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective population-based management program including primary surgery and postoperative risk assessment by means of DNA ploidy and histopathology. Adjuvant radiotherapy is not necessary for the majority of patients with FIGO stage I-II endometrial cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 14:3, s. 437-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A management program for FIGO stage I-II nonserous, nonclear-cell adenocarcinomas was evaluated. Histopathology and DNA ploidy were used to estimate postoperatively the risk of progression or death of disease and to tailor treatment. The patient material was a population-based consecutive cohort of all women with endometrial cancer in the Southern Swedish Health Care Region diagnosed between June 1993 and June 1996 (n = 553). Of these, 335 were eligible for the management program. Patients estimated to be at low risk were treated by surgery only, while high-risk patients also received vaginal brachytherapy. A large low-risk group consisting of 84% (n = 283) of the patients with an estimated disease-specific 5-year survival of 96% (95% CI = 93-98%) was identified. The high-risk group (n = 52, 16%) showed a worse outcome with an 80% 5-year disease-specific survival (95% CI = 65-89%). The difference in survival between the groups was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Half of the progressions were distant in the high-risk group. Although there is a clear indication for adjuvant therapy for this group, locoregional radiotherapy could be expected to fail in cases with distant progression. Thus, effective systemic treatments need to be developed. Low-risk patients, constituting the majority (84%) of the patients, can be safely treated by surgery only.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Kubart, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Experiments and Modelling of Dual Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Using Two Reactive Gases
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 26:4, s. 565-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive sputtering from two elemental targets, aluminium and zirconium, with the addition of two reactive gases, oxygen and nitrogen, is studied experimentally as well as theoretically. The complex behaviour of this process is observed and explained. It is shown that the addition of oxygen to a constant supply of nitrogen, significantly changes the relative content of aluminium with respect to zirconium in the film. Moreover, it is concluded that there is substantially more oxygen than nitrogen in the films even when the oxygen supply is significantly lower than the nitrogen supply. It is further shown that the addition of a certain minimum constant flow of nitrogen reduces, and eventually eliminates, the hysteresis with respect to the oxygen supply. It is concluded that the presented theoretical model for the involved reactions and mass balance during reactive sputtering of two targets in two reactive gases is in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and can be used to find optimum processing conditions for deposition of films of a desired composition.
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| 38. |
- Lahdenperä, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Up-regulation of small intestinal interleukin-17 immunity in untreated coeliac disease but not in potential coeliac disease or in type 1 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 167:2, s. 226-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-17 in small intestinal mucosa has been reported in coeliac disease (CD) and in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We explored mucosal IL-17 immunity in different stages of CD, including transglutaminase antibody (TGA)-positive children with potential CD, children with untreated and gluten-free diet-treated CD and in children with T1D. Immunohistochemistry was used for identification of IL-17 and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)-positive cells and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for IL-17, FoxP3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)c and interferon (IFN)-γ transcripts. IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were studied in supernatants from biopsy cultures. Expression of the apoptotic markers BAX and bcl-2 was evaluated in IL-17-stimulated CaCo-2 cells. The mucosal expression of IL-17 and FoxP3 transcripts were elevated in individuals with untreated CD when compared with the TGA-negative reference children, children with potential CD or gluten-free diet-treated children with CD (P andlt; 0·005 for all IL-17 comparisons and P andlt; 0·01 for all FoxP3 comparisons). The numbers of IL-17-positive cells were higher in lamina propria in children with CD than in children with T1D (P andlt; 0·05). In biopsy specimens from patients with untreated CD, enhanced spontaneous secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 was seen. Activation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 in IL-17-treated CaCo-2 epithelial cells suggests that IL-17 might be involved in mucosal protection. Up-regulation of IL-17 could, however, serve as a biomarker for the development of villous atrophy and active CD.
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| 39. |
- Landstrlom, L., et al.
(författare)
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In situ monitoring of size distributions and characterization of nanoparticles during W ablation in N2 atmosphere
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 94:3, s. 2011-2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amporphous WN0.3 nanoparticles were generated by pulsed excimer ablation of tungsten in a N2 ambient at atmospheric pressure. Size distributions and concentrations were monitored by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and condensation particle counter (CPC) with different laser parameters and sport sizes. It was found that the fast desorptive part for which a thermal process for material removal was ruled out and the 'real' ablation gave rise to different types of size distributions.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Mogren, I, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of pregnancy and birth and malignancy in the offspring (Sweden).
- 1999
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 10:1, s. 85-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although some associations, the consistent pattern of non-association indicated a low impact of intrauterine environment or changed genetic material on the future development of malignancy in the offspring up to early middle-age.
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| 42. |
- Myléus, Anna, MD PhD, et al.
(författare)
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Questionnaire showed that Swedish paediatric clinics complied well with the revised European guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1140-1143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: In 2012, revised criteria for diagnosing childhood coeliac disease were published by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and incorporated into the revised Swedish guidelines the same year. These made it possible, in certain cases, to diagnose coeliac disease without taking small bowel biopsies. This survey assessed the extent to which the new guidelines were implemented by Swedish paediatric clinics two years after their introduction.Methods: In October 2014, we distributed a paper questionnaire including five questions on diagnostic routines to the 40 paediatric clinics in university or regional hospitals in Sweden that perform small bowel biopsies.Results: All 36 (90%) clinics that responded used anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies as the initial diagnostic test and some also used serological markers. Most clinics (81%) used endoscopy and took multiple duodenal biopsies, whereas only a few (19%) occasionally employed a suction capsule. Almost all clinics (86%) omitted taking small bowel biopsies in symptomatic children with repeatedly high coeliac serology and positive genotyping, thereby avoiding the need for invasive endoscopy under anaesthesia.Conclusion: The 2012 Swedish Paediatric Coeliac Disease Diagnostic Guidelines had been widely accepted and implemented in routine health care two years after their introduction.
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| 43. |
- Norin, L, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of transition metal carbide superlattices using C-60 as a carbon source
- 1998
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. ; 73:19, s. 2754-2756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial films of TiC and VC can be deposited at low temperatures on Mg(001) substrates by coevaporation of the metals with C-60 in a ultrahigh vacuum system. This process was used to deposit TiC/VC (001) superlattices on MgO(001) at 400 degrees C. The
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| 44. |
- Olivier, Jocelien D A, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of maternal depression and maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure on offspring
- 2013
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5102. ; 7, s. 73-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been estimated that 20% of pregnant women suffer from depression and it is well-documented that maternal depression can have long-lasting effects on the child. Currently, common treatment for maternal depression has been the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) which are used by 2-3% of pregnant women in the Nordic countries and by up to 10% of pregnant women in the United States. Antidepressants cross the placenta and are transferred to the fetus, thus, the question arises as to whether children of women taking antidepressants are at risk for altered neurodevelopmental outcomes and, if so, whether the risks are due to SSRI medication exposure or to the underlying maternal depression. This review considers the effects of maternal depression and SSRI exposure on offspring development in both clinical and preclinical populations. As it is impossible in humans to study the effects of SSRIs without taking into account the possible underlying effects of maternal depression (healthy pregnant women do not take SSRIs), animal models are of great value. For example, rodents can be used to determine the effects of maternal depression and/or perinatal SSRI exposure on offspring outcomes. Unraveling the joint (or separate) effects of maternal depression and SSRI exposure will provide more insights into the risks or benefits of SSRI exposure during gestation and will help women make informed decisions about using SSRIs during pregnancy.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad, et al.
(författare)
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CXCR4 Signaling Has a CXCL12-Independent Essential Role in Murine MLL-AF9-Driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 31:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined by an accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. To identify key dependencies of AML stem cells in vivo, here we use a CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting cell surface genes in a syngeneic MLL-AF9 AML mouse model and show that CXCR4 is a top cell surface regulator of AML cell growth and survival. Deletion of Cxcr4 in AML cells eradicates leukemia cells in vivo without impairing their homing to the bone marrow. In contrast, the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 is dispensable for leukemia development in recipient mice. Moreover, expression of mutated Cxcr4 variants reveals that CXCR4 signaling is essential for leukemia cells. Notably, loss of CXCR4 signaling in leukemia cells leads to oxidative stress and differentiation in vivo. Taken together, our results identify CXCR4 signaling as essential for AML stem cells by protecting them from differentiation independent of CXCL12 stimulation.
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| 49. |
- Randmaa, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing situation-background-assessment-recommendation in an anaesthetic clinic and subsequent information retention among receivers : a prospective interventional study of postoperative handovers
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 33:3, s. 172-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Communication errors cause clinical incidents and adverse events in relation to surgery. To ensure proper postoperative patient care, it is essential that personnel remember and recall information given during the handover from the operating theatre to the postanaesthesia care unit. Formalizing the handover may improve communication and aid memory, but research in this area is lacking.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether implementing the communication tool Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) affects receivers' information retention after postoperative handover.DESIGN: A prospective intervention study with an intervention group and comparison nonintervention group, with assessments before and after the intervention.SETTING: The postanaesthesia care units of two hospitals in Sweden during 2011 and 2012.PARTICIPANTS: Staff involved in the handover between the operating theatre and the postanaesthesia care units within each hospital.INTERVENTION: Implementation of the communication tool SBAR in one hospital.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was the percentage of recalled information sequences among receivers after the handover. Data were collected using both audio-recordings and observations recorded on a study-specific protocol form.RESULTS: Preintervention, 73 handovers were observed (intervention group, n = 40; comparison group, n = 33) involving 72 personnel (intervention group, n = 40; comparison group, n = 32). Postintervention, 91 handovers were observed (intervention group, n = 44; comparison group, n = 47) involving 57 personnel (intervention group, n = 31; comparison group, n = 26). In the intervention group, the percentage of recalled information sequences by the receivers increased from 43.4% preintervention to 52.6% postintervention (P = 0.004) and the SBAR structure improved significantly (P = 0.028). In the comparison group, the corresponding figures were 51.3 and 52.6% (P = 0.725) with no difference in SBAR structure. When a linear regression generalised estimating equation model was used to account for confounding influences, we were unable to show a significant difference in the information recalled between the intervention group and the nonintervention group over time.CONCLUSION: Compared with the comparison group with no intervention, when SBAR was implemented in an anaesthetic clinic, we were unable to show any improvement in recalled information among receivers following postoperative handover.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current controlled trials http://www.controlled-trials.com Identifier: ISRCTN37251313.
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