| 1. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Nio punkter för global fred (Nine Points for Global Peace)
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Insatserna för global fred måste stärkas skriver tolv företrädare för institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning apropå att världens ledare samlas i dag i New York för att anta 17 nya globala mål för en bättre värld och mer hållbar utveckling.
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| 2. |
- Höglund, Kristine, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Absence of War : The Diversity of Peace in Post-Settlement Societies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Review of International Studies. - 0260-2105 .- 1469-9044. ; 36:2, s. 367-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces a novel way of conceptualising variations of peace in post-war societies. The most common way of defining peace in the academic literature on war termination is to differentiate between those cases where there is a continuation or resumption of large-scale violence and those cases where violence has been terminated and peace, defined by the absence of war, has been established. Yet, a closer look at a number of countries where a peace agreement has been signed and peace is considered to prevail reveals a much more diverse picture. Beyond the absence of war, there are striking differences in terms of the character of peace that has followed. This article revisits the classical debates on peace and the notion of the Conflict Triangle as a useful theoretical construction for the study of armed conflicts. We develop a classification captured in a Peace Triangle, where post-settlement societies are categorised on the basis of three key dimensions: issues, behaviour, and attitudes. On the basis of such a differentiation, we illustrate the great diversity of peace beyond the absence of war in a number of post-settlement societies. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the different elements of the Peace Triangle, and the challenges they pose for establishing a sustainable peace, as well as the implications of this study for policy makers concerned with peacebuilding efforts.
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| 3. |
- Höglund, Kristine, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the absence of war : The diversity of peace in post-settlement societies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Review of International Studies. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0260-2105 .- 1469-9044. ; 36:2, s. 367-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces a novel way of conceptualising variations of peace in post-war societies. The most common way of defining peace in the academic literature on war termination is to differentiate between those cases where there is a continuation or resumption of large-scale violence and those cases where violence has been terminated and peace, defined by the absence of war, has been established. Yet, a closer look at a number of countries where a peace agreement has been signed and peace is considered to prevail reveals a much more diverse picture. Beyond the absence of war, there are striking differences in terms of the character of peace that has followed. This article revisits the classical debates on peace and the notion of the Conflict Triangle as a useful theoretical construction for the study of armed conflicts. We develop a classification captured in a Peace Triangle, where post-settlement societies are categorised on the basis of three key dimensions: issues, behaviour, and attitudes. On the basis of such a differentiation, we illustrate the great diversity of peace beyond the absence of war in a number of post-settlement societies. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the different elements of the Peace Triangle, and the challenges they pose for establishing a sustainable peace, as well as the implications of this study for policy makers concerned with peacebuilding efforts.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Söderberg Kovacs, Mimmi, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous Peace? : The Bangsamoro Region in the Philippines Beyond the 2014 Agreement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. - : Sage Publications. - 1542-3166 .- 2165-7440. ; 16:1, s. 55-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What kind of peace has emerged in the Bangsamoro region in the Philippines after the 2014 peace agreement? And how does it matter for the prospects of sustainable peace and development? The peace deal between the government of Philippines and the armed group Moro Islamic Liberation Front builds on the establishment of a new autonomous region. The new autonomy has the potential to end a prolonged cycle of armed rebellions. But if it fails to deliver the expected peace dividends, it could also lead to escalating violence. This article uses the Peace Triangle as a conceptual tool to analyse the current status of peace in Bangsamoro. As such, it advances a theoretical understanding of peace that focuses on how autonomy solutions impact on conflict issues, violent behaviour, and conflict attitudes and aid an assessment of the longer term prospects of peace in the wake of autonomy.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tritschoks, Annkatrin
(författare)
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Settling the Scales : Justice in International Environmental Negotiations and Beyond
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parties to international negotiations typically invoke conflicting notions of justice. If these can be reconciled, this has positive effects on the negotiation process and outcome. If conflicts over justice persist, negotiations can stall or result in suboptimal outcomes. However, research to date paid scant attention to the means by which justice in international negotiations can be attained. This dissertation addresses this gap and studies two aspects of justice in international negotiations, as well as factors that shape them. The first two essays of the composite dissertation focus on perceptions of justice during negotiations; the latter two on shared justice formulas that parties devise to guide the negotiations. The empirical focus lies primarily on international environmental negotiations – an issue area where justice is central and often explicitly addressed. The final essay extends the analysis of justice to the Cyprus Talks – negotiations on a protracted social conflict that share some key characteristics with environmental negotiations in terms of complexity and interlinkages. Essay I develops the concept of justice and suggests a comprehensive approach to justice in international environmental negotiations. This conceptualization better explains variations in parties’ perceptions of justice than conventional approaches, which only cover some of the four components identified in the comprehensive approach. Essay II finds that the relationship between the chairperson and the negotiating parties affects perceptions of justice. Justice is attained, when the actors involved build a cooperative relationship based on their ability to form expectations and on a positive assessment of their exchange. If necessary, such relationship formation can be facilitated through the involvement of intermediary actors. Essay III distinguishes between three different types of shared justice formula that parties devise in international environmental negotiations. A cursory analysis shows that different explanatory factors shape the different types of shared justice formula, which furthermore are linked in different ways to negotiation effectiveness, both fruitful avenues for future research. Essay IV finds that ripeness theory – in a modified form that accounts for complexity and relationships among a multitude of players – helps to explain when parties devise a shared justice formula to guide negotiations. In conjunction, the essays contribute to current debates in the literature on justice and international negotiations, by taking account of complexity in the study of justice, and by stressing the importance of relationship formation with actors beyond the negotiating parties to attain justice.
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| 11. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Om studiet av krig och fred
- 2017. - 2
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Ingår i: Om krig och fred: En introduktion till freds- och konfliktstudier. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144115740 ; , s. 25-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Om studiet av krig och fred
- 2012
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Ingår i: Om krig och fred: En introduktion till freds- och konfliktstudier. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075587 ; , s. 23-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Albin, Cecilia, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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International Negotiation : Theories and Practices
- 2009. - 7
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Ingår i: Peace, Justice, and Security Studies. - Boulder : Lynne Rienner Publisher. - 9781588266255 ; , s. 321-327
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 16. |
- Birch, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral violence : An introduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 57:1, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elections are held in nearly all countries in the contemporary world. Yet despite their aim of allowing for peaceful transfers of power, elections held outside of consolidated democracies are often accompanied by substantial violence. This special issue introduction article establishes electoral violence as a subtype of political violence with distinct analytical and empirical dynamics. We highlight how electoral violence is distinct from other types of organized violence, but also how it is qualitatively different from nonviolent electoral manipulation. The article then surveys what we have learned about the causes and consequences of electoral violence, identifies important research gaps in the literature, and proceeds to discuss the articles included in the special issue. The contributions advance research in four domains: the micro-level targeting and consequences of electoral violence, the institutional foundations of electoral violence, the conditions leading to high-stakes elections, and electoral violence in the context of other forms of organized violence. The individual articles are methodologically and geographically diverse, encompassing ethnography, survey vignette and list experiments and survey data, quantitative analyses of subnational and crossnational event data, and spanning Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
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| 17. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions: Peacebuilding and the Significance of Friction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Peacebuilding and Friction: Global and Local Encounters in Post Conflict Societies. - Abdington and New York : Routledge. - 9781138937512 ; , s. 203--213
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Peacebuilding through the Lens of Friction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Peacebuilding and Friction: Global and Local Encounters in Post Conflict Societies. - Abdington and New York : Routledge. - 9781138937512 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Precarious Peacebuilding : Friction in Global–Local Encounters
- 2013
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Ingår i: Peacebuilding. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2164-7267 .- 2164-7259. ; 1:3, s. 289--299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can we understand the processes and outcomes that arise from frictional encounters in peacebuilding? This special issue contributes to ongoing debates on the precariousness of peacebuilding, by introducing the term friction as a way to capture and analyse the conflictual dimensions of global–local encounters. We envisage six responses – compliance, adoption, adaptation, co-option, resistance and rejection – which arise as a result of meetings between actors, ideas and practice in global–local relationships. These responses create new realities as they alter power relations, transform agency and mediate practices related to peacebuilding. Thus, the conceptual framework and insights drawn from the articles in the special issue contribute to a discussion about transforming the boundaries between the international and local, and cast new light on agency in peacebuilding processes while challenging aspects of the hybridisation of peace.
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| 20. |
- Brosché, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Crisis of governance in South Sudan : electoral politics and violence in the world's newest nation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 54:1, s. 67-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since mid-December 2013, thousands of people have been killed in armed conflict in South Sudan. The fighting is entrenched in a power struggle between the main political contenders ahead of elections which were scheduled for 2015. This article examines the violence in South Sudan since the North-South war ended with a focus on the consequences of the introduction of electoral politics. Our research contributes to the literature on state-building and peace-building in war-torn societies, by exploring how the extreme levels of violence are linked to three groups of factors. First, the stakes involved in being part of the government are extremely high, since it is the only way to secure political and economic influence. Second, the actors involved in political life are dominated by individuals who held positions within the rebel groups, which increases the risk of political differences turning violent. Third, the institutions important for a legitimate electoral process, and which work to prevent violence, are weak or non-existent.
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| 21. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral violence and the legacy of authoritarian rule in Kenya and Zambia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 57:1, s. 111-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why do the first multiparty elections after authoritarian rule turn violent in some countries but not in others? Thisarticle places legacies from the authoritarian past at the core of an explanation of when democratic openings becomeassociated with electoral violence in multi-ethnic states, and complement existing research focused on the immediateconditions surrounding the elections. We argue that authoritarian rule characterized by more exclusionary multiethniccoalitions creates legacies that amplify the risk of violent elections during the shift to multiparty politics.Through competitive and fragmented interethnic relations, exclusionary systems foreclose the forging of cross-ethnicelite coalitions and make hostile narratives a powerful tool for political mobilization. By contrast, regimes with abroad-based ethnic support base cultivate inclusive inter-elite bargaining, enable cross-ethnic coalitions, and reduceincentives for hostile ethnic mobilization, which lower the risk of violent elections. We explore this argument bycomparing founding elections in Zambia (1991), which were largely peaceful, and Kenya (1992), with large-scalestate-instigated electoral violence along ethnic lines. The analysis suggests that the type of authoritarian rule createdpolitical legacies that underpinned political competition and mobilization during the first multiparty elections, andmade violence a more viable electoral strategy in Kenya than in Zambia.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Brosché, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Riek Machar: Warlord-Doctor in South Sudan
- 2017
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Ingår i: Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politic. - London : Zed Books. - 9781783602483 ; , s. 199-221
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Brosché, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The diversity of peace and war in Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: SIPRI Yearbook 2015. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198737810 ; , s. 110-121
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Deglow, Annekatrin, 1988-
(författare)
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Forces of Destruction and Construction : Local Conflict Dynamics, Institutional Trust and Postwar Crime
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2017 alone, an estimated 68,851 people lost their lives as a consequence of civil wars, that is, armed conflicts that take place within the borders of a state. Such violent conflicts not only lead to immense human suffering, but also leave social, economic and political imprints on the societies that experience them. This dissertation contributes to a burgeoning literature that seeks to understand these imprints by studying how local conflict dynamics affect two specific outcomes: institutional trust and postwar crime. It comprises four independent essays that pose separate research questions, but taken together make important contributions to our understanding of how subnational particularities related to conflict intensity, armed actors and the type of violence employed determine whether, how and why civil wars affect the outcomes of interest. Essay I finds that a large-scale insurgent attack on civilians led to an immediate increase in individual-level trust in state institutions in Kabul City. Essay II finds that conflict intensity at the local level in Afghanistan has a negative impact on individual-level perceptions of one specific state institution: the police. Essay III finds that the more an area in Northern Ireland was affected by wartime violence, the more crime it displayed in the postwar context, but that this effect is contingent on the actor perpetrating violence. Finally, Essay IV shows how conflict dynamics in a former insurgent stronghold of Northern Ireland (West Belfast) changed the style of policing at the local level, as well as the consequences this had for the police’s ability to enforce law and order in the postwar context. These findings speak to an emerging research agenda that studies the conditions under which civil wars function either as forces of destruction or as catalysts for societal development, and offer three larger conclusions: conflict dynamics shape the relationship between local populations and the state far into the postwar period; institutional consequences of armed conflict can translate into postwar challenges, such as crime; and conflict dynamics affect perceptions of state institutions in a quite similar manner across rather different contexts, in this case, Afghanistan and Northern Ireland.
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| 28. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Are armed conflicts becoming more urban?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 119, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, cities in countries such as Syria, Ukraine, and Somalia have been sites of major incidents of armed conflict. Such violence has led observers to note that armed conflict is becoming more urbanized in nature and increasingly affecting cities. However, existing research has not been able to ascertain whether armed conflict is gradually more concentrated in cities, for two reasons. First, most studies employ a grid-based design which does not theoretically or operationally correspond to cities. Second, some studies take the city as the unit of analysis, but look only at a few major cities in certain regions of the world, or include a broader range of political violence. To assess whether armed conflict is indeed becoming more urban in character, we analyze global patterns of armed conflict 1989–2017. We match the UCDP Georeferenced Events Dataset to cities with at least 100,000 inhabitants, and analyze over time the share of fatalities incurred by armed conflict. We include violence be-tween organized armed actors (inter- and intrastate), but also conflict-related violence against civilians which captures acts of terrorism. With this novel approach, we identify an overall reduction over time in the share of armed conflict violence taking place in cities.
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| 29. |
- Elfversson, Emma, Docent, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Contesting the growing city? : Forms of urban growth and consequences for communal violence
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Political Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0962-6298 .- 1873-5096. ; 100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does rapid urban growth affect risks of communal violence in cities? In rapidly growing cities, poor planning and weak institutions combined with an unregulated influx of migrants can create a potent recipe for violent mobilization. In addition, politicized identity groups often compete for resources and interact in close proximity in urban areas. Despite a growing research agenda on the relationship between rapid urban growth and urban violent unrest, findings remain inconclusive. One explanation for the disparate conclusions is that the theoretical pathways connecting urban growth and unrest largely fail to consider both the violence-generating and violence-stemming effects of urban growth. With a focus on conflict-ridden societies, we theorize processes through which urban growth influences different aspects of group relations in the city, and thereby contribute to prevent, suppress or generate communal violence. To illustrate the framework, we draw on insights from Nairobi, Kampala and Addis Ababa. By paying attention to processes, we are able to identify a range of developments associated with city growth which in turn have different implications for communal violence.
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| 30. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Den våldsamma staden
- 2020
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Djup splittring i Kenya efter valet
- 2017
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den 28 november 2017 svors Uhuru Kenyatta in för en andra presidentperiod i Kenya. En uppslitande, omtvistad och utdragen valprocess fick därmed sin slutpunkt. Men den senaste tidens institutionella och politiska utveckling ger fog för oro inför Kenyas framtid, skriver forskarna Emma Elfversson, Kristine Höglund och Anders Sjögren.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The spatiality of violence in post-war cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Third World Thematics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2380-2014 .- 2379-9978. ; 4:2-3, s. 81-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The world is urbanising rapidly and cities are increasingly held as the most important arenas for sustainable development. Cities emerging from war are no exception, but across the globe, many post-war cities are ravaged by residual or renewed violence, which threatens progress towards peace and stability. This collection of articles addresses why such violence happens, where and how it manifests, and how it can be prevented. It includes contributions that are informed by both post-war logics and urban particularities, that take intra-city dynamics into account, and that adopt a spatial analysis of the city. By bringing together contributions from different disciplinary backgrounds, all addressing the single issue of post-war violence in cities from a spatial perspective, the articles make a threefold contribution to the research agenda on violence in post-war cities. First, the articles nuance our understanding of the causes and forms of the uneven spatial distribution of violence, insecurities, and trauma within and across post-war cities. Second, the articles demonstrate how urban planning and the built environment shape and generate different forms of violence in post-war cities. Third, the articles explore the challenges, opportunities, and potential unintended consequences of conflict resolution in violent urban settings.
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| 36. |
- Elfversson, Emma, Docent, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Urban growth, resilience, and violence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 64
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities undergoing rapid growth are at risk of outbreaks of violence as competition over scarce resources and space intensifies. In this context, it is critical to identify conditions that make cities and their inhabitants resilient to violence. We review research findings about the general relationship between urban growth and the violence-proneness of cities, as well as insights about the factors that underpin violence–resilience in three different areas: 1) urban governance and planning, 2) security institutions, and 3) the everyday practices of urban dwellers. We argue that in order to understand cities’ resilience to violence, we need to account for both the mechanisms linking urban growth to violence, and the possible conflict resolution and mitigation mechanisms present in cities.
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| 37. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Violence in the city that belongs to no one : urban distinctiveness and interconnected insecurities in Nairobi (Kenya)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Conflict, Security and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1467-8802 .- 1478-1174. ; 19:4, s. 347-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid urbanisation in the global South has prompted attention to the causes and dynamics of urban violence. Yet, much research tends to either analyse urban violence without attention to the broader conflict complexes of which it forms a part, neglecting linkages between different forms of urban violence and between urban and rural dynamics, or conversely study violence in cities without acknowledging the particularities of the urban context. In this article, we conceptualise urban violence, theorise how it is shaped by urban dynamics and explore its manifestations in Nairobi, Kenya. We find that while Nairobi is not uniquely violent inside Kenya, violence takes on distinct urban forms given citylevel processes, and also that urban violence has led to policies that increase securitisation and militarisation of the city. Our analysis thus improves knowledge of how criminal and political violence is shaped by and shapes the stability of developing cities.
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| 38. |
- Fjelde, Hanne, et al.
(författare)
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Building Peace, Creating Conflict?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Building Peace, Creating Conflict?. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789185509607 ; , s. 11-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Fjelde, Hanne, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral Institutions and Electoral Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Political Science. - 0007-1234 .- 1469-2112. ; 46:2, s. 297-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political violence remains a pervasive feature of electoral dynamics in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, even where multiparty elections have become the dominant mode of regulating access to political power. With cross-national data on electoral violence in Sub-Saharan African elections between 1990 and 2010, this article develops and tests a theory that links the use of violent electoral tactics to the high stakes put in place by majoritarian electoral institutions. It is found that electoral violence is more likely in countries that employ majoritarian voting rules and elect fewer legislators from each district. Majoritarian institutions are, as predicted by theory, particularly likely to provoke violence where large ethno-political groups are excluded from power and significant economic inequalities exist.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Fjelde, Hanne, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the Deadly Electoral Conflict Dataset (DECO)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0027 .- 1552-8766. ; 66:1, s. 162-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces the Deadly Electoral Conflict dataset (DECO): a global, georeferenced event dataset on electoral violence with lethal outcomes from 1989 to 2017. DECO allows for empirical evaluation of theories relating to the timing, location, and dynamics of deadly electoral violence. By clearly distinguishing electoral violence from related (and sometimes concurrent) instances of organized violence, DECO is particularly suitable for investigating how election-related violence is connected to other forms of violent political contention. In the article, we present the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the data collection and discuss empirical patterns that emerge in DECO. We also demonstrate one potential use of DECO by examining the association between United Nations peacekeeping forces and the prevalence of deadly electoral violence in conflict-affected countries.
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| 44. |
- Fjelde, Hanne
(författare)
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När val leder till konflikt
- 2016
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Ingår i: Krig Fred. - Göteborg/Stockholm : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170612060 ; , s. 59-66
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Höglund, Kristine, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Doing Empirical Peace Research
- 2011
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Ingår i: Understanding Peace Research: Methods and Challenges. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9780415571982 ; , s. 3-13
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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