| 1. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater quality contrasts between Upper and Lower Dupi Tila Aquifers in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2011
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Ingår i: Groundwater quality contrasts between Upper and Lower Dupi Tila Aquifers in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh. - 9781907161162 ; , s. 71-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dhaka is one of the fastest growing megacities of the world and is set to become the third largest by 2025. Currently about 86% of the municipal water supply comes from over 500 wells drilled in the Dupi Tila aquifers underlying the city. The Upper Dupi Tila aquifer (UDTA) is overexploited and a large part has been dewatered; abstractions from the lower Dupi Tila started only recently. Results of water analysis and EC surveys have been used to decipher the variations in groundwater quality in the UDTA and LDTA. EC surveys reveal a systematic deterioration of water quality in the vicinity of the Buriganga River in southeast Dhaka. The UDTA is more widely affected by anthropogenic processes than the LDTA, which still largely exhibits its intrinsic water quality characteristics. Regular monitoring and proper management practices are essential to protect the quality of this precarious resource.
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| 4. |
- Cousin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 10:3, s. 177-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990-2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73.7% (68.3 to 77.4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0.50 (0.44 to 0.58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97.5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0.60 (0.51 to 0.70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0.71 (0.60 to 0.86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r(2)=0.62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17.0% (-28.4 to -2.9) for all diabetes, and by 21.0% (-33.0 to -5.9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (-13.6% [-28.4 to 3.4]) and for type 1 diabetes (-13.6% [-29.3 to 8.9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Business Process Modeling for Domain Inbound Logistics System : Analytical Perspective with BPMN 2.0
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. - : Textroad. - 2090-4304. ; 3:9, s. 569-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among different Business Process Management strategies and methodologies, one common feature is to captureexisting processes and representing the new processes adequately. Business Process Modelling (BPM) plays acrucial role on such an effort. This paper proposes a “to-be” inbound logistics business processes model usingBPMN 2.0 standard specifying the structure and behaviour of the system within the SME environment. Thegeneric framework of inbound logistics model consists of one main high-level module-based system namedOrder System comprising of four main sub-systems of the Order core, Procure, Auction, and Purchase systems.The system modelingis elaborately discussed to provide a business analytical perspective from various activitiesin inbound logistics system. Since the main purpose of the paper is to map out the functionality and behaviour ofLogistics system requirements, employing the model is of a great necessity on the future applications at systemdevelopment such as in the data modelling effort. Moreover, employing BPMN 2.0 method and providingexplanatory techniques as a nifty guideline and framework to assist the business process practitioners, analystsand managers at identical systems.
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| 6. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Business Process Modeling for Domain Outbound Logistics System: Analytic Perspective with BPMN 2.0
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Applied Sciences Journal. - : IDOSI publications. - 1818-4952 .- 1991-6426. ; 28:3, s. 367-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a generic"to-be" business processes model for domain highest-level outbound logistics system representing the possible alternative structure and behaviour of the system in respect to x-party logistics services applicable in Small-to-medium sized enterprises. The generic framework of outbound logistics model consists of one main modular system named as the Shipping System including five internal sub-systems of the shipping core, shipping requirement, First Party Logistics (1PL), Third Party Logistics (3PL) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. The shipping system business process model supports all outbound logistics activities interacting with the customer, 3PL provider and other back office systems such as order system and inventory system. The modelling procedure is elaborately discussed to provide a business analytical view from various activities within the outbound logistics system. Moreover, the model provides essential knowledge input for system development and improvement through capturing all significant highest-level business process and sub-processes and revealing potential automation capabilities on data capturingas well as the process monitoring.
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| 7. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Business Process Modeling in Production Logistics : Complementary Use of BPMN and UML
- 2013
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Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. - : International Digital Organization for Scientific Information. - 1990-9233. ; 15:4, s. 516-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the suitability and sufficincy of BPMN language in business processmodelling. Production logistics system is modeled at the highest domain level using case study in carcomponent industry to examine the language in every aspect. Modelling is carried out in a modular basis forthree main sub-systems generally using BPMN 2.0. Complementary use of other modeling tool to cover all thecritical flows of objects and associate data in modeling was seen necessary and addressed using UML activitydiagrams employing the specific capability of modeling the material flow and semantics. Modeling the flow ofobjects provides the comprehensive perspective of the whole system and fulfill the need of capturing allundepicted object flows as well as processes and data which may not be sheerly covered using the BPMN. Theproposed models provides great beneficial referentiality for modelers, analyists and actual practitioners oflogistics activities. The significant explanatory description and strategy are the key feature of the paper tofollow using state-of-the- art modeling tool of BPMN 2.0 and UML.
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| 8. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Extending Quality Data for Lot-based Traceability System in SME
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2010 International Symposium on Information Technology - System Development and Application and Knowledge Society, ITSim'10. - : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9781424467181 ; , s. 1158-1163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addressed extending quality data in lot-based traceability information system through modeling and evaluation which is purposely designed for small-to-medium size enterprise (SMEs). The solution translates the system behavior and value data arisen from traceability requirement into useful and organized computerized information system. Easy- understanding and economic approach in design and implementation meets conditions of SME environment. The designed information system through data query evaluates the functionality of quality data dynamically.
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| 9. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Inbound Logistics Data Transaction System Modeling in SME : Transition from BPM to Data Modeling
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Applied Sciences Journal. - : IDOSI Publications. - 1818-4952 .- 1991-6426. ; 24:6, s. 772-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on capturing all process-based data transaction system for the highest level ofabstraction in inbound logistics activities in SME environment. As a business process modelling toolobjective to provide better understanding and analytical view of the system, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) arechosen due to the specific features of depicting the information movement and a complete set of diagrams aregenerated including the Context, Level 0 and Level 1 diagrams. The proposed DFDs for inbound logisticssystem provide transitional views for the system which is not easily achievable merely through businessprocess modelling (BPM) at identification of data dependencies, system components and data bundlespecification details required for an object-oriented and module-based conceptual and logical data modellingeffort. As the results, all system components as well as all data repositories and data bundles to be used indatabase blueprint design and messaging and notification system development are identified.
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| 10. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Inventory System and Functionality Evaluation for Production Logistics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. - : JATIT & LLS. - 1992-8645 .- 1817-3195. ; 54:3, s. 377-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addressed a comprehensive modelling and functionality requirement evaluation of perpetual production logistics inventory system for small-to-medium enterprises. The main idea is to analyse the system behaviour and data transactions invoked by a module-based inventory system using business process modelling and object-oriented data modelling techniques. The paper explains through the methodology and modelling procedure which eventually leads to a computerized inventory information system as a module able to be integrated with other back office systems in production logistics. The system is able to manipulate all inbound warehousing operations including docking, storing, and retrieval data as well as actual inventory SKU balance dynamically to keep the inventory data instantly up-to-date and in real-time. The functionality of the solution is evaluated based on the identified inventory system requirements responding to all inventory controlling of receiving, allocating, load balancing, and traceability linking through different types of lookups and data queries.
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| 11. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Module-based QIS Modeling for Production Logistics in SME
- 2014
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Ingår i: Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. - : Maxwell Scientific Organization. - 2040-7459 .- 2040-7467. ; 7:1, s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes an object-oriented modelling for the quality information system as a module able to be integrated with other production logistics back office systems. Using the UML modelling tools such as component and class diagrams, the model addresses the highest level quality business processes and data structure as well as all identified providing and depending interfaces and the messaging system in a module-based framework design. The methodology and adopted procedures are explained in details of which provide a better understanding of the modelling and the possibility for the lower-levels quality data extensions following the same framework. The model is able to manipulate all quality control data for purchasing, production and remedy operation in a lot-based make-to-order production system within a defined module.
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| 12. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Object-oriented Design Framework for Stock Keeping Unit Generating System
- 2013
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Ingår i: Jurnal Teknologi. - : Penerbit UTM Press. - 2180-3722 .- 0127-9696. ; 63:1, s. 81-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an object-oriented design for generating Stock Keeping Unit coding system. Through recognition and analysis of the inventory item particulars and conceptualizing the important classes as one package, the framework is developed in a modular-basis able to be integrated with other parts of the system. Using UML class and package diagram as of the best practice in object-oriented, conducting the analysis and design is elaborately discussed. A prototype implementation is carried out to support the designed framework over its applicability at a modular information system. Moreover, the item particular package with unique and organized SKU numbering system efficiently supports the fundamental need of item identification at inventory control operations and classification and guarantees different types of reports and lookups.
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| 13. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Object-oriented Modelling for Module-based Production Logistics Inventory System
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. - 1991-8178 .- 2309-8414. ; 7:7, s. 555-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes module-based object-oriented data models for inventory systemfocusing on the production logistics business processes. It expounds the methodology and modellingprocedure to provide the inventory system requirements. Through warehousing business processanalysis for production logistics and based on the object-oriented technique in a modular basis, thedomain and entity class diagrams are modelled. Through identifying all the required and realizingsystem interfaces, the system is able to be integrated with other back office systems. The model is ableto manipulate all warehousing operation data including receiving, storing, retrieval, allocations andtraceability, and load balancing for actual inventory stock keeping units in real-time to support quickdecision making with minimum efforts and or errors.
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| 14. |
- Khabbazi, Mahmood Reza, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Process-based material workflow modeling in inbound logistics : modeling tools evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. - : IDOSI Pubilcations. - 1990-9233 .- 1999-8147. ; 20:12, s. 1699-1708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates the suitability of the workflow modeling tools through process-based materialworkflow perspective. A case example in inbound logistics system of “Resource Reception” workflow at thehighest domain abstract level is examined with four nominated workflow modeling standards of Data FlowDiagram (DFD), Event-based Process Control (EPC), Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) andUnified Modeling Language (UML) Activity Diagrams (AD). Focusing on the physical object diagramingsyntax and semantics, the essential factors of the flows, consumption pattern and states for physical objectsas well as readability, easiness and comprehensiveness of the modeling tools were discussed throughout themodeling development. The models and comparative evaluation results clearly demonstrates the superiorityand advantages of using UML Ads at the workflow modeling providing an extensive view of the whole systemfunctionalities and behavior fulfilling the necessity of capturing any undepicted entity that might hold the keyof improvement in Business Process Management (BPM).
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| 15. |
- Sheena, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1253. ; 7:9, s. 796-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-ofsample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4 center dot 1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 center dot 7 to 4 center dot 5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31 center dot 3% (29 center dot 0 to 33 center dot 9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76 center dot 8% (76 center dot 2 to 77 center dot 5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5 center dot 9% [-5 center dot 6 to 19 center dot 2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2 center dot 9% [-5 center dot 9 to 11 center dot 3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. Interpretation The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination.
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