| 1. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bugaytsova, Jeanna, et al.
(författare)
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pH regulated H. pylori adherence : implications for persistent infection and disease
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori’s BabA adhesin binds strongly to gastric mucosal ABH/Leb glycans on the stomach epithelium and overlying mucus, materials continuously shed into the acidic gastric lumen. Here we report that this binding is acid labile, acid inactivation is fully reversible; and acid lability profiles vary with BabA sequence and correlate with disease patterns. Isogenic H. pylori strains from the gastric antrum and more acidic corpus were identified that differed in acid lability of receptor binding and in sequence near BabA’s carbohydrate binding domain. We propose that reversible acid inactivation of receptor binding helps H. pylori avoid clearance by mucosal shedding, and that strain differences in acid lability affect tissue tropism and the spectrum of associated gastric diseases.
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| 4. |
- Odenbreit, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Outer membrane protein expression profile in Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 77:9, s. 3782-3790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gram-negative gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is equipped with an extraordinarily large set of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), whose role in the infection process is not well understood. The Hop (Helicobacter outer membrane porins) and Hor (Hop-related proteins) groups constitute a large paralogous family consisting of 33 members. The OMPs AlpA, AlpB, BabA, SabA, and HopZ have been identified as adhesins or adherence-associated proteins. To better understand the relevance of these and other OMPs during infection, we analyzed the expression of eight different omp genes (alpA, alpB, babA, babB, babC, sabA, hopM, and oipA) in a set of 200 patient isolates, mostly from symptomatic children or young adults. Virtually all clinical isolates produced the AlpA and AlpB proteins, supporting their essential function. All other OMPs were produced at extremely variable rates, ranging from 35% to 73%, indicating a function in close adaptation to the individual host or gastric niche. In 11% of the isolates, BabA was produced, and SabA was produced in 5% of the isolates, but the strains failed to bind their cognate substrates. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in gastric cells was strictly dependent on the presence of the cag pathogenicity island, whereas the presence of OipA clearly enhanced IL-8 production. The presence of the translocated effector protein CagA correlated well with BabA and OipA production. In conclusion, we found unexpectedly diverse omp expression profiles in individual H. pylori strains and hypothesize that this reflects the selective pressure for adhesion, which may differ across different hosts as well as within an individual over time.
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| 5. |
- Aspholm, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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SabA is the H. pylori hemagglutinin and is polymorphic in binding to sialylated glycans.
- 2006
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Ingår i: PLoS pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374 .- 1553-7366. ; 2:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to inflamed gastric mucosa is dependent on the sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) and cognate sialylated/fucosylated glycans on the host cell surface. By in situ hybridization, H. pylori bacteria were observed in close association with erythrocytes in capillaries and post-capillary venules of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa in both infected humans and Rhesus monkeys. In vivo adherence of H. pylori to erythrocytes may require molecular mechanisms similar to the sialic acid-dependent in vitro agglutination of erythrocytes (i.e., sialic acid-dependent hemagglutination). In this context, the SabA adhesin was identified as the sialic acid-dependent hemagglutinin based on sialidase-sensitive hemagglutination, binding assays with sialylated glycoconjugates, and analysis of a series of isogenic sabA deletion mutants. The topographic presentation of binding sites for SabA on the erythrocyte membrane was mapped to gangliosides with extended core chains. However, receptor mapping revealed that the NeuAcalpha2-3Gal-disaccharide constitutes the minimal sialylated binding epitope required for SabA binding. Furthermore, clinical isolates demonstrated polymorphism in sialyl binding and complementation analysis of sabA mutants demonstrated that polymorphism in sialyl binding is an inherent property of the SabA protein itself. Gastric inflammation is associated with periodic changes in the composition of mucosal sialylation patterns. We suggest that dynamic adaptation in sialyl-binding properties during persistent infection specializes H. pylori both for individual variation in mucosal glycosylation and tropism for local areas of inflamed and/or dysplastic tissue.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Calnan, Sonya, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Various Photovoltaic‐Driven Water Electrolysis Technologies for Green Solar Hydrogen Generation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct solar hydrogen generation via a combination of photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolysis can potentially ensure a sustainable energy supply while minimizing greenhouse emissions. The PECSYS project aims at demonstrating asolar-driven electrochemical hydrogen generation system with an area >10 m2 with high efficiency and at reasonable cost. Thermally integrated PV electrolyzers(ECs) using thin-film silicon, undoped, and silver-doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and silicon heterojunction PV combined with alkaline electrolysis to form one unit are developed on a prototype level with solar collection areas in the range from 64 to2600 cm2 with the solar-to-hydrogen (StH) efficiency ranging from 4 to 13%. Electrical direct coupling of PV modules to a proton exchange membrane EC test the effects of bifacially (730 cm2 solar collection area) and to study the long-term operation under outdoor conditions (10 m2 collection area) is also investigated. In both cases, StH efficiencies exceeding 10% can be maintained over the test periods used. All the StH efficiencies reported are based on measured gas outflow using mass flow meters.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- George, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive genomic profiles of small cell lung cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 524:7563, s. 47-U73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have sequenced the genomes of 110 small cell lung cancers (SCLC), one of the deadliest human cancers. In nearly all the tumours analysed we found bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1, sometimes by complex genomic rearrangements. Two tumours with wild-type RB1 had evidence of chromothripsis leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 (encoded by the CCND1 gene), revealing an alternative mechanism of Rb1 deregulation. Thus, loss of the tumour suppressors TP53 and RB1 is obligatory in SCLC. We discovered somatic genomic rearrangements of TP73 that create an oncogenic version of this gene, TP73Dex2/3. In rare cases, SCLC tumours exhibited kinase gene mutations, providing a possible therapeutic opportunity for individual patients. Finally, we observed inactivating mutations in NOTCH family genes in 25% of human SCLC. Accordingly, activation of Notch signalling in a pre-clinical SCLC mouse model strikingly reduced the number of tumours and extended the survival of the mutant mice. Furthermore, neuroendocrine gene expression was abrogated by Notch activity in SCLC cells. This first comprehensive study of somatic genome alterations in SCLC uncovers several key biological processes and identifies candidate therapeutic targets in this highly lethal form of cancer.
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| 11. |
- Greenbaum, Larry A., et al.
(författare)
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Functional Assessment of Fatigue and Other Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Enrolled in the Global aHUS Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kidney International Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-0249. ; 5:8, s. 1161-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a progressive and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy. Patients with aHUS may experience fatigue, which can negatively impact their lives, but there is a knowledge gap regarding disease burden in these patients. Methods: In this longitudinal study, patients with aHUS from the Global aHUS Registry who completed patient-reported outcome assessments (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale [FACIT-Fatigue], general health status, and work status) at ≥2 time points were assessed relative to treatment status: (i) never treated with eculizumab; (ii) on eculizumab at registry enrollment and continued therapy; and (iii) started eculizumab after registry enrollment. Results: Patients who started eculizumab after the baseline visit (n = 23) exhibited improvements in fatigue (nearly 75% achieved clinically meaningful improvement), improved general health status (55%), and 25% to 30% rate reduction in symptoms of fatigue, weakness, irritability, nausea/vomiting, and swelling at last follow-up. Among patients already on eculizumab at registry enrollment (n = 295) and those never treated (n = 233), these parameters changed minimally relative to the baseline. Emergency room visits and hospital admissions were similar between groups. The number of health care provider visits and work days missed were higher in patients who started eculizumab after registry enrollment. Conclusion: These real-world findings confirm the detrimental effects of aHUS on patients’ daily lives, including high levels of fatigue and impairments in general health status. The results suggest clinically meaningful improvement in fatigue, other patient-reported outcomes, and symptoms with eculizumab initiation after enrollment into the aHUS registry.
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| 12. |
- Hasle, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Monosomy 7 and deletion 7q in children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia : an international retrospective study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971. ; 109:11, s. 4641-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monosomy 7 (-7) and deletion 7q \del(7q)] are rare in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We retrospectively collected data on 258 children with AML or refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) and -7 or del(7q) with or without other cytogenetic aberrations \+/- other]. Karyotypes included -7 (n = 90), -7 other (n = 82), del(7q) (n = 21), and del(7q) other (n = 65). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in fewer patients with -7 +/- other compared with del(7q) +/- other (61% versus 89%, P < .001). Overall, the 5-year survival rate was 39% (SE, 3%). Survival was superior in del(7q) +/- other compared with -7 +/- other (51% versus 30%, P < .01). Cytogenetic aberrations considered favorable in AML \t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13q22), t(15;17)(q22;q21), t(9;11)(p22;q23)] (n = 24) were strongly associated with del(7q) and a higher 5-year survival rate compared with del(7q) without favorable cytogenetics (75% versus 46%, P = .03). Patients with -7 and inv(3),-5/del(5q), or + 21 had a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Stem cell transplantation analyzed as a time-dependent variable had no impact on overall survival. However, patients not achieving CR had a 31% survival rate after stem cell transplantation. Childhood AML with chromosome 7 aberrations represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with additional cytogenetic aberrations having a major prognostic impact which should be reflected in future risk-group stratification.
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| 13. |
- Jin, Jiehong, et al.
(författare)
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Dense, Regular GaAs Nanowire Arrays by Catalyst-Free Vapor Phase Epitaxy for Light Harvesting
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:34, s. 22484-22492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density dependent growth and optical properties of periodic arrays of GaAs nanowires (NWs) by fast selective area growth MOVPE are investigated. As the period of the arrays is decreased from 500 nm down to 100 nm, a volume growth enhancement by a factor of up to four compared with the growth of a planar layer is observed. This increase is explained as resulting from increased collection of precursors on the side walls of the nanowires due to the gas flow redistribution in the space between the NWs. Normal spectral reflectance of the arrays is strongly reduced compared with a flat substrate surface in all fabricated arrays. Electromagnetic modeling reveals that this reduction is caused by antireflective action of the nanowire arrays and nanowire-diameter dependent light absorption. Irrespective of the periodicity and diameter, Raman scattering and grazing angle X-ray diffraction show signal from zinc blende and wurtzite phases, the latter originating from stacking faults as observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectra contain intense surface phonons peaks, whose intensity depends strongly on the nanowire diameters as a result of potential structural changes and as well as variations of optical field distribution in the nanowires.
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| 14. |
- Kalscheuer, Vera M, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in the polyglutamine binding protein 1 gene cause X-linked mental retardation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 35:4, s. 313-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We found mutations in the gene PQBP1 in 5 of 29 families with nonsyndromic (MRX) and syndromic (MRXS) forms of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). Clinical features in affected males include mental retardation, microcephaly, short stature, spastic paraplegia and midline defects. PQBP1 has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of polyglutamine expansion diseases. Our findings link this gene to XLMR and shed more light on the pathogenesis of this common disorder.
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| 15. |
- Lang, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Physcomitrella patens chromosome-scale assembly reveals moss genome structure and evolution
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 93:3, s. 515-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The draft genome of the moss model, Physcomitrella patens, comprised approximately 2000 unordered scaffolds. In order to enable analyses of genome structure and evolution we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly using genetic linkage as well as (end) sequencing of long DNA fragments. We find that 57% of the genome comprises transposable elements (TEs), some of which may be actively transposing during the life cycle. Unlike in flowering plant genomes, gene-and TE-rich regions show an overall even distribution along the chromosomes. However, the chromosomes are mono-centric with peaks of a class of Copia elements potentially coinciding with centromeres. Gene body methylation is evident in 5.7% of the protein-coding genes, typically coinciding with low GC and low expression. Some giant virus insertions are transcriptionally active and might protect gametes from viral infection via siRNA mediated silencing. Structure-based detection methods show that the genome evolved via two rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), apparently common in mosses but not in liverworts and hornworts. Several hundred genes are present in colinear regions conserved since the last common ancestor of plants. These syntenic regions are enriched for functions related to plant-specific cell growth and tissue organization. The P. patens genome lacks the TE-rich pericentromeric and gene-rich distal regions typical for most flowering plant genomes. More non-seed plant genomes are needed to unravel how plant genomes evolve, and to understand whether the P. patens genome structure is typical for mosses or bryophytes.
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| 16. |
- Lundberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Livable Stockholm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Community Livability. - Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | “First edition published by Routledge 2012”–T.p. verso. : Informa UK Limited. ; , s. 29-43
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is no term for livable or livability in Swedish. However, in a study of the American/Anglo-Saxon livability concept in a Swedish (transportation) planning perspective, Moa Thunström finds it quite similar to the Swedish discourse and concept of social sustainability, although livability seems to have a more short-term and local perspective. Other commonalities with the Swedish urban planning and development discourse and practice concerns attractive cities, the need for cross-disciplinary planning processes and multilevel governance, holistic perspectives, etc. The main goals of the City of Stockholm’s Vision 2030-the citizens’ Stockholm, innovative and growing, and versatile and full of unique experiences-clearly connects to the concept of livability. The goal of Citizens’ Stockholm concerns an accessible, safe urban region with no physical or social barriers. The goal focusing on being innovative and growing stresses the need of being competitive on the global market. The last goal of Stockholm being versatile and full of unique experiences enhances Stockholm’s unique combination of top-class education and business opportunities and unspoiled nature at the doorstep that will continue to attract international visitors. The Walkable City is the popular name of the Stockholm Strategic City Plan of 2010. Stockholm’s natural and historical assets, the need for a denser city and better integration, and connection between districts are all important starting points for the city plan. The five urban development strategies of the city plan are intended to cater to a sustainable urban growth in Stockholm: continue to strengthen central Stockholm; focus on strategic nodes; connect city areas; and create a vibrant urban environment. Dialogue and collaboration are key process strategies to implement the goals of Vision 2030. In this chapter livability is discussed through an examination of urban development areas in Stockholm. A common problem in these developments is the lack of socioeconomic integration and affordable housing.
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| 17. |
- Lundström, Mats Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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Kommuners roller och samhällsplaneringens betydelse i energi- och klimatomställningen : En flerfallstudie om utvecklingen i bebyggelse- och transportsektorerna i Alingsås och Västerås 1990-2014
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De av människan påverkade globala klimatutmaningarna ställer krav på förändrade förhållningssätt och åtgärder inom alla sektorer och samhällsnivåer. Internationella klimatmål och -åtaganden behöver kompletteras med aktiviteter och åtgärder på såväl nationell som lokal nivå som styr stads- och samhällsutvecklingen i en mer klimatmässigt hållbar riktning, vilket i hög grad påverkas av vår användning av energi.Avhandlingens syfte är att belysa och söka förstå kommunernas roller och särskilt den kommunala samhällsplaneringens betydelse i det globala energi- och klimatomställningsarbetet, med fokus på transport- och bebyggelsesektorerna. Avhandlingen är en i huvudsak kvalitativ kontextuell flerfallstudie som studerar och synliggör såväl olika aktörers som strukturella förhållandens och krafters – både inom och utanför den kommunala organisationen – betydelse för utvecklingen inom de två fallkommunerna Alingsås och Västerås under perioden 1990 till 2014. Innehållet i avhandlingen baseras på intervjuer med kommunala tjänstepersoner samt inläsning av kommunala dokument och annan litteratur. Flerfallstudien beskriver, analyserar och jämför hur man i Alingsås och Västerås kommuner under den aktuella tidsperioden hanterat utvecklingen av bebyggelsens och transporternas energieffektivisering och energitillförsel. I avhandlingen används en bred definition av kommunal samhällsplanering, som inbegriper såväl fysisk översiktsplanering och energi-, miljö- och trafikplanering som visionsarbete, på strategisk kommunal nivå.Den kommunala samhällsplaneringen i Alingsås och Västerås har bidragit till ökad energieffektivisering och minskad klimatpåverkan inom bebyggelse- och transportsektorerna, i högre grad i Västerås än i Alingsås där utvecklingen är med aktörsdriven. Samhällsplaneringen fyller en särskilt viktig kommunikativ funktion för att återkommande lyfta upp energi- och klimatfrågorna på den kommunala agendan, särskilt genom att uppmärksamma behovet av att ta tag i frågorna samt reflektera kring hur utmaningarna kan hanteras. Kommunernas fysiska översiktsplanering hanterar i hög grad trafikens miljöutmaningar, men berör inte bebyggelsens energieffektivitet och värmeförsörjning. Energiplaneringen berör främst kommunernas egna fastighetsbestånd och verksamheter, i mindre grad icke-kommunala bestånd och verksamheter. Västerås energiplan från 00-talet har dock varit viktig och i hög grad bidragit till ökat energifokus och åtgärder både inom det kommunala och det icke-kommunala fastighetsbeståndet. Utsläppen av växthusgaser i Alingsås och Västerås är betydligt lägre 2014 jämfört med 1990. Detta beror i hög grad på den kommunala fjärrvärmens skifte från fossila bränslen till högre andel fossilfria bränslen, men även på att transporterna under senare år i högre grad sker med energieffektivare fordon med lägre andel fossila bränslen.Inom bebyggelsesektorn har kommunerna i sin roll som fastighetsägare fokuserat på att effektivisera energianvändningen och styra över från el- och oljevärmning till fjärrvärme i det egna kommunägda byggnadsbeståndet, och samtidigt försökt vara ett gott föredöme för andra fastighetsägare. Kommunerna har gått i bräschen för omfattande energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och nybyggnad av mycket energieffektiva byggnader (passivhusstandard m m). Genom att kommunerna som energibolagsägare haft (eller på sikt skapat sig) kontroll över fjärrvärmens energimix har de kunnat påverka såväl det kommunägda som det övriga fastighetsbeståndets klimatpåverkan i positiv riktning. Skiftet från fossilt till i högre grad fossilfritt bränsle i fjärrvärmen sker tidigare i Alingsås som bygger upp ett nytt fjärrvärmesystem från grunden. Utfasningen av fossila bränslen tar längre tid i Västerås som har ett äldre och större fjärrvärmesystem, men som tack vare en ovanligt hög anslutningsgrad medför betydande utsläppsminskningar när det kommunala bolaget väl gör nya investeringar i produktionsanläggningen.Kommunerna har i sin roll som beställare av kollektivtrafik genomfört betydande satsningar och förändringar av kollektivtrafiken – särskilt inom tätortsbusstrafiken som under lång tid varit tämligen underutvecklad – som bidragit till ökat kollektivtrafikresande. Förändringen var särskilt stor i Alingsås. Båda kommunerna har tagit på sig rollen som inspiratör och förebild för andra aktörer vad gäller energieffektivt och klimatsmart byggande och resande, i vilken omfattning de påverkat detta är dock oklart. Båda kommunerna har genom särskilda energikrav vid försäljning av kommunalmark sökt påverka det icke-kommunala byggnadsbeståndet, vilket tydligt bidragit till ett positivt resultat i Västerås men är mer osäkert i Alingsås då utvecklingen inte följts upp.Det är främst ändrade kommun-externa institutionella (strukturella) faktorer i form av statliga ekonomiska styrmedel som driver på energi- och klimatomställningen i de två kommunerna. Särskilt energi- och koldioxidskatterna, men även andra positiva och negativa ekonomiska styrmedel inom bebyggelse-, energi- och transportsektorerna, skapar ekonomiska incitament bland såväl kommunerna som andra aktörer för att minska fossilbaserad energianvändning. Ny kunskap om klimatutmaningarna och förändringar i den allmänna opinionen bidrar till förändringar bland såväl statliga som kommunala och andra aktörer.I takt med den ökande allmänna kunskapen om och intresset att göra något åt de ökade utsläppen av växthusgaser ökar kommunernas ambitioner inom energi- och klimatomställningen över tid. Särskilt i Västerås visar fallstudien på en utveckling av och uppbyggnad av kommunens institutionella kapacitet i form av ökad kunskap, gemensamma referensramar och synsätt samt organisationsstruktur och tvärsektoriella samarbetsinriktade planeringsprocesser – vilket bidrar till ökade kommunala energi- och klimatambitioner. I Alingsås drivs kommunens energi- och klimatambitioner i högre grad av ett antal aktörer i form av tjänstepersoner i centrala maktpositioner med tillgång till resurser, i Västerås ligger en politisk aktör (parti i vågmästarställning) bakom flera initiativ som driver på energi- och klimatomställningen. Även strukturella förutsättningar som kommunstorlek, regional position och lokala kommunala kulturer och traditioner påverkar inriktningen och genomförandet av kommunernas energi- och klimatomställningsarbete. I avhandlingen diskuteras att både drivande aktörer (policyentreprenörer) och utvecklade planeringsprocesser är viktiga i det lokala energi- och klimatomställningsarbetet. Drivande aktörer kan emellertid bidra till såväl positiv som negativ klimatmässig utveckling. Väl utvecklade samhällsplaneringsprocesser och annan kommunal styrning är särskilt viktiga i de fall det saknas nyckelaktörer på centrala poster som inte driver energi- och klimatfrågorna. Vidare konstateras att generationsskiften, personbyten och politiska val påverkar den kommunala energi- och klimatutvecklingen.Fallstudien visar att Sverige och de aktuella kommunerna hittills har varit relativt framgångsrika i energi- och klimatomställningen och att den kommunala samhällsplaneringen är en viktig pusselbit i detta arbete. Men för att klara de mer långsiktiga globala och nationella klimatmålen står vi inför fortsatt stora utmaningar som kräver nya sätt att tänka och agera på olika samhällsnivåer, vilket diskuteras i avhandlingens avslutning. Energieffektiviseringen inom det befintliga byggnadsbeståndet kräver mer omfattande åtgärder och därmed större incitament för fastighetsägare att göra mer än idag. Utfasningen av olja och kol inom bebyggelsesektorn ställer nya krav på utveckling och nytänkande inom el- och fjärrvärmesektorerna. Omställningen från bilfokuserade till mer trafikmässigt mer energi- och klimateffektiv stads- och trafikplanering har påbörjats, men finns det en acceptans för en sådan samhällsutveckling bland politiker och allmänhet? Inom samhällsplaneringen behöver det rumsliga och utvecklingsinriktade energiperspektivet stärkas, dessutom behöver bebyggelsens och transporternas energianvändning och klimatpåverkan börja hanteras utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv. Klimatfrågan är en politiskt värdeladdad fråga; om den tas på allvar är det dags att i högre grad prioritera den som en central utgångspunkt som vi har i åtanke när vi planerar, utvecklar och bygger våra städer och samhällen.
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| 18. |
- Mahdavi, Jafar, et al.
(författare)
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The blood group antigen binding activity of the Helicobacter pylori baba adhesin is regulated by local ph and redox potential
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The blood group antigen hinding adhesin, BabA, which binds to fucosylated blood group antigens, such as the Lewis b (Leb) and H1 antigens constitutes one of the best recognized adhesin-receptor interactions that mediate adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelium. BabA belongs to a family of H. pylori outer membrane, proteins (HOPs), a group of some 30 proteins with most similar N- and C-terminal domains.We previously identified the babA1 and babA2 genes, where babA2 was found to encode the BabA adhesin in strain CCUG17875. Here, we confirmed the identity of the BabA protein by immunoblot-analysis, followed by MALDIT-OF MS analysis, which also provided molecular weight of the BabA polypeptide and the unique peptide sequences for BabA. Surprisingly, the BabA protein was found to be expressed 50-fold higher compared to the number of calculated bacterial Leb-binding sites.Furthermore, surface scan of the bacterial membrane by freeze fracture immuno-EM technique localized the BabA by immunogold labeling to the bacterial surface in numbers similar to the predicted binding sites. To help explain the binding results, crosslinker-analyses were performed which revealed that BabA form supra-molecular complexes on the bacterial surfaces. In addition, binding to the Lewis b antigen was shown to be pH dependent and took place over a broad pH range but binding activity was reversibly lost when approaching pH 3, i.e. conditions similar to the acidic gastric juice.The binding activity of the BabA adhesin was shown to be sensitive for reducing conditions, which suggests the presence of disulfide bond(s) close to the carbohydrate-binding domain. The dynamics of BabA in Leb-binding suggest that the bacterial adhesin is regulated by local variations in pH and redox potential, such as the pH gradient in the slimy mucus lining of the epithelium, and the reduced conditions of the inflamed gastric mucosa.
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| 19. |
- Nene, Vishvanath, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 316:5832, s. 1718-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
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| 20. |
- Stefan, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the electron spin on the nonlinear generation of quasi-static magnetic fields in a plasma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 76:6, s. 865-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through an extended kinetic model, we study the nonlinear generation of quasi-static magnetic fields by high-frequency fields in a plasma, taking into account the effects of the electron spin. It is found that although the largest part of the nonlinear current in a moderate density, moderate temperature plasma is due to the classical terms, the spin may still give a significant contribution to the magnetic field generation mechanism. Applications of our results are discussed.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Åberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via ph-responsive baba-mediated adherence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 21:3, s. 376-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen and that bio-selection and changes in BabA binding properties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differences among individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H. pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H. pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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