| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Multi-leptons with high transverse momentum at HERA
- 2009
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8479. ; :10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Events with at least two high transverse momentum leptons (electrons or muons) are studied using the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA with an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb(-1). The observed numbers of events are in general agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Seven di- and tri-lepton events are observed in e(+)p collision data with a scalar sum of the lepton transverse momenta above 100 GeV while 1.94 +/- 0.17 events are expected. Such events are not observed in e(-)p collisions for which 1.19 +/- 0.12 are predicted. Total visible and differential di-electron and di-muon photoproduction cross sections are extracted in a restricted phase space dominated by photon-photon collisions.
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| 7. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Combined measurement and QCD analysis of the inclusive e(+/-)p scattering cross sections at HERA
- 2010
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised e(+/-)p scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q(2), and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.
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| 8. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Events with an isolated lepton and missing transverse momentum and measurement of W production at HERA
- 2010
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; 2010:3, s. 1-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for events containing an isolated electron or muon and missing trans verse momentum produced in e(+/-)p collisions is performed with the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA. The data were taken in the period 1994-2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.98 fb(-1). The observed event yields are in good overall agreement with the Standard Model prediction, which is dominated by single W production. In the e(+)p data, at large hadronic transverse momentum P-T(X) > 25GeV, a total of 23 events are observed compared to a prediction of 14.0 +/- 1.9. The total single W boson production cross section is measured as 1.06 +/- 0.16 (stat.) +/- 0.07 (sys.) pb, in agreement with an Standard Model (SM) expectation of 1.26 +/- 0.19 pb.
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| 9. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Combined inclusive diffractive cross sections measured with forward proton spectrometers in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA
- 2012
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 72:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A combination of the inclusive diffractive cross section measurements made by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA is presented. The analysis uses samples of diffractive deep inelastic ep scattering data at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 318 GeV where leading protons are detected by dedicated spectrometers. Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account, resulting in an improved precision of the cross section measurement which reaches 6 % for the most precise points. The combined data cover the range 2.5 < Q(2) < 200 GeV2 in photon virtuality, 0.00035 < x(P) < 0.09 in proton fractional momentum loss, 0.09 < vertical bar t vertical bar < 0.55 GeV2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 0.0018 < beta < 0.816 in beta = x/x(P), where x is the Bjorken scaling variable.
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| 10. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(author)
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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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| 11. |
- Abramowicz, H., et al.
(author)
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Combination and QCD analysis of charm production cross section measurements in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA
- 2013
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 73:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements of open charm production cross sections in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross sections sigma(c (c) over bar)(red) for charm production are obtained in the kinematic range of photon virtuality 2.5 <= Q(2) <= 2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 3 . 10(-5) <= x <= 5 . 10(-2). The combination method accounts for the correlations of the systematic uncertainties among the different data sets. The combined charm data together with the combined inclusive deep-inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA are used as input for a detailed NLO QCD analysis to study the influence of different heavy flavour schemes on the parton distribution functions. The optimal values of the charm mass as a parameter in these different schemes are obtained. The implications on the NLO predictions for W-+/- and Z production cross sections at the LHC are investigated. Using the fixed flavour number scheme, the running mass of the charm quark is determined.
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| 12. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(author)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 13. |
- Aktas, A., et al.
(author)
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Inclusive D*(+/-) meson and associated dijet production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2007
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 51:2, s. 271-287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inclusive D*(+/-) production is measured in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA with the H1 detector. In addition, the production of dijets in events with a D*(+/-) meson is investigated. The analysis covers values of photon virtuality 2 <= Q(2) <= 100 GeV2 and of inelasticity 0.05 <= y <= 0.7. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of Q(2) and x and of various D*(+/-) meson and jet observables. Within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties all measured cross sections are found to be adequately described by next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculations, based on the photon - gluon fusion process and DGLAP evolution, without the need for an additional resolved component of the photon beyond what is included at NLO. A reasonable description of the data is also achieved by a prediction based on the CCFM evolution of partons involving the kT- unintegrated gluon distribution of the proton.
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| 14. |
- Aktas, A., et al.
(author)
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Tests of QCD factorisation in the diffractive production of dijets in deep-inelastic scattering and photoproduction at HERA
- 2007
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 51:3, s. 549-568
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements are presented of differential dijet cross sections in diffractive photoproduction (Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2) and deep-inelastic scattering processes (DIS, 4 < Q2 < 80 GeV2). The event topology is given by ep -> eXY, in which the system X, containing at least two jets, is separated from a leading low-mass baryonic system Y by a large rapidity gap. The dijet cross sections are compared with NLO QCD predictions based on diffractive parton densities previously obtained from a QCD analysis of inclusive diffractive DIS cross sections by H1. In DIS, the dijet data are well described, supporting the validity of QCD factorisation. The diffractive DIS dijet data are more sensitive to the diffractive gluon density at high fractional parton momentum than the measurements of inclusive diffractive DIS. In photoproduction, the predicted dijet cross section has to be multiplied by a factor of approximately 0.5 for both direct and resolved photon interactions to describe the measurements. The ratio of measured dijet cross section to NLO prediction in photoproduction is a factor 0.5 +/- 0.1 smaller than the same ratio in DIS. This suppression is the first clear observation of QCD hard scattering factorisation breaking at HERA. The measurements are also compared to the two soft colour neutralisation models SCI and GAL. The SCI model describes diffractive dijet production in DIS but not in photoproduction. The GAL model fails in both kinematic regions.
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| 15. |
- Aktas, A., et al.
(author)
-
Inclusive D-*+/- meson cross sections and D-*+/--jet correlations in photoproduction at HERA
- 2007
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 50:2, s. 251-267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Differential photoproduction cross sections are measured for events containing D-*+/- mesons. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51.1 pb(-1). The kinematic region covers small photon virtualities Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2 and photon-proton centre-of-mass energies of 171 < W gamma(Cep) < 256 GeV. The details of the heavy quark production process are further investigated in events with one or two jets in addition to the D-*+/- meson. Differential cross sections for D-* + jet production are determined and the correlations between the D-*+/- meson and the jet(s) are studied. The results are compared with perturbative QCD predictions applying collinear- or k(t)-factorisation.
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| 16. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of isolated photon production in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2008
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 371-387
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering ep -> e gamma X is measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared 4 < Q(2)< 150 GeV2 and a mass of the hadronic system W-X > 50 GeV. The analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227 pb(-1). The production cross section of isolated photons with a transverse energy in the range 3 < E-T(gamma)< 10 GeV and pseudorapidity range -1.2
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| 17. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Three- and four-jet production at low x at HERA
- 2008
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 54:3, s. 389-409
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three- and four-jet production is measured in deep-inelastic ep scattering at low x and Q(2) with the H1 detector using an integrated luminosity of 44.2 pb(-1). Several phase space regions are selected for the three-jet analysis in order to study the underlying parton dynamics from global topologies to the more restrictive regions of forward jets close to the proton direction. The measurements of cross sections for events with at least three jets are compared to fixed order QCD predictions of O(alpha(2)(s)) and O(alpha(3)(s)) and with Monte Carlo simulation programs where higher order effects are approximated by parton showers. A good overall description is provided by the O(alpha(3)(s)) calculation. Too few events are predicted at the lowest x similar to 10(-4), especially for topologies with two forward jets. This hints to large contributions at low x from initial state radiation of gluons close to the proton direction and unordered in transverse momentum. The Monte Carlo program in which gluon radiation is generated by the colour dipole model gives a good description of both the three- and the four-jet data in absolute normalisation and shape.
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| 18. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of diffractive scattering of photons with large momentum transfer at HERA
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 672:3, s. 219-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first measurement of diffractive scattering of quasi-real photons with large momentum transfer gamma p -> gamma Y, where Y is the proton dissociative system, is made using the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is performed for initial photon virtualities Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2. Single differential cross sections are Measured as a function of W, the incident photon-proton centre of mass energy, and t, the square of the four-momentum transferred at the proton vertex, in the range 175 < W < 247 GeV and 4 < |t| < 36 GeV2. The W dependence is well described by a model based on perturbative QCD using a leading logarithmic approximation of the BFKL evolution. The measured |t| dependence is harder than that predicted by the model and those observed in exclusive vector meson production. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 19. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the proton structure function F-L(x, Q(2)) at low x
- 2008
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 665:4, s. 139-146
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A first measurement is reported of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(X, Q(2)) at the ep collider HERA. It is based on inclusive deep inelastic e(+)p scattering cross section measurements with a positron beam energy of 27.5 GeV and proton beam energies of 920, 575 and 460 GeV. Employing the energy dependence of the cross section, FL is measured in a range of squared four-momentum transfers 12 <= Q2 <=, 90 GeV2 and low Bjorken x 0.00024 <= x <= 0.0036. The F-L values agree with higher order QCD calculations based on parton densities obtained using cross section data previously measured at HERA. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Multi-lepton production at high transverse momenta in ep collisions at HERA
- 2008
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 668:4, s. 268-276
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Processes leading to a final state with at least two high transverse momentum leptons (electrons or muons) are studied using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 463 pb(-1). Di-lepton and tri-lepton event classes are investigated. Cross sections of the production of e(+)e(-) and mu(+)mu(-) pairs are derived in a restricted phase space dominated by photon-photon collisions. In general, good agreement is found with Standard Model predictions. Events are observed with a total scalar sum of lepton transverse momenta above 100 GeV where the Standard Model expectation is low. In this region, combining di-lepton and tri-lepton classes, five events are observed in e(+) p collisions, compared to a Standard Model expectation of 0.96 +/- 0.12, while no such event is observed in e(-) p data for 0.64 +/- 0.09 expected. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Strangeness production at low Q(2) in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA
- 2009
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 61:2, s. 185-205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of neutral strange hadrons is investigated using deep-inelastic scattering events measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurements are made in the phase space defined by the negative four-momentum transfer squared of the photon 2 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2 and the inelasticity 0.1 < y < 0.6. The K-s(0) s and Lambda((Lambda) over bar) production cross sections and their ratios are determined. K-s(0) s production is compared to the production of charged particles in the same region of phase space. The Lambda-(Lambda) over bar asymmetry is also measured and found to be consistent with zero. Predictions of leading order Monte Carlo programs are compared to the data.
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| 22. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Study of charm fragmentation into D (* +/-) mesons in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 59:3, s. 589-606
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process of charm quark fragmentation is studied using D (* +/-) meson production in deep-inelastic scattering as measured by the H1 detector at HERA. The parameters of fragmentation functions are extracted for QCD models based on leading order matrix elements and DGLAP or CCFM evolution of partons together with string fragmentation and particle decays. Additionally, they are determined for a next-to-leading order QCD calculation in the fixed flavour number scheme using the independent fragmentation of charm quarks to D (* +/-) mesons. Two different regions of phase space are investigated defined by the presence or absence of a jet containing the D (* +/-) meson in the event. The fragmentation parameters extracted for the two phase space regions are found to be different.
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| 23. |
- Aktas, A., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of inclusive jet production in deep-inelastic scattering at high Q(2) and determination of the strong coupling
- 2007
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 653:2-4, s. 134-144
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inclusive jet production is studied in neutral current deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering at large four momentum transfer squared Q(2) > 150 GeV2 with the H1 detector at HERA. Single and double differential inclusive jet cross sections are measured as a function of Q(2) and of the transverse energy E-T of the jets in the Breit frame. The measurements are found to be well described by calculations at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. The running of the strong coupling is demonstrated and the value of alpha(s)(M-Z) is determined. The ratio of the inclusive jet cross section to the inclusive neutral current cross section is also measured and used to extract a precise value for ces (M-Z) = 0.1193 +/- 0.0014(exp.)(-0.0030)(+0.0047) (th.) +/- 0.0016(pdf). (c) 2007 Elsevier BX All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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A search for excited neutrinos in e(-) p collisions at HERA
- 2008
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 663:5, s. 382-389
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for first generation excited neutrinos is performed using the full e(-) p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA at a centre-of-mass energy of 319 GeV, corresponding to a total luminosity of 184 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited neutrinos nu* -> nu gamma, v* -> nu Z and nu* -> eW with subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for excited neutrino production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on nu* production cross sections and on the ratio of the coupling to the compositeness scale f/boolean AND are derived within gauge mediated models. A limit on f/boolean AND A, independent of the relative couplings to the SU(2) and U(1) gauge bosons, is also determined. These limits extend the excluded region to higher masses than has been possible in previous excited neutrino searches. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Search for excited electrons in ep collisions at HERA
- 2008
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 666:2, s. 131-139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for excited electrons is performed using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA, corresponding to a total luminosity of 475 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited electrons e* -> e gamma, e* -> eZ and e* -> vW with subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for excited electron production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on e* production cross sections and on the ratio f/Lambda of the coupling to the compositeness scale are derived within gauge mediated models. These limits extend the excluded region compared to previous excited electron searches. The e* production via contact interactions is also addressed for the first time in ep collisions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(author)
-
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 27. |
- Walker, Anthony P, et al.
(author)
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Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study
- 2017
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In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 874:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA ("European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications") is preparing a conceptual design report of a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams using plasma as the acceleration medium. The accelerator facility will be based on a laser and/or a beam driven plasma acceleration approach and will be used for photon science, high-energy physics (HEP) detector tests, and other applications such as compact X-ray sources for medical imaging or material processing. EuPRAXIA started in November 2015 and will deliver the design report in October 2019. EuPRAXIA aims to be included on the ESFRI roadmap in 2020.
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| 28. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 29. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
A general search for new phenomena at HERA
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 674:4-5, s. 257-268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A model-independent search for deviations from the Standard Model prediction is performed using the full e(+/-) p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA. All event topologies involving isolated electrons, photons, muons, neutrinos and jets with transverse momenta above 20 GeV are investigated in a single analysis. Events are assigned to exclusive classes according to their final state. A dedicated algorithm is used to search for deviations from the Standard Model in the distributions of the scalar sum of transverse momenta or the invariant mass of final state particles and to quantify their significance. Variables related to angular distributions and energy sharing between final state particles are also introduced to study the final state topologies. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed in the phase space covered by this analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Events with isolated leptons and missing transverse momentum and measurement of W production at HERA
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 64:2, s. 251-271
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Events with high energy isolated electrons, muons or tau leptons and missing transverse momentum are studied using the full e(+/-)p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 474 pb(-1). Within the Standard Model, events with isolated leptons and missing transverse momentum mainly originate from the production of single W bosons. The total single W boson production cross section is measured as 1.14 +/- 0.25 (stat.) +/- 0.14 (sys.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation. The data are also used to establish limits on the WW gamma gauge couplings and for a measurement of the W boson polarisation.
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| 31. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Inclusive photoproduction of rho(0), K*(0) and phi mesons at HERA H1 Collaboration
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 673:2, s. 119-126
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inclusive non-diffractive photoproduction of rho(770)(0), K*(892)(0) and phi(1020) mesons is investigated with the H1 detector in ep collisions at HERA. The corresponding average gamma p centre-of-mass energy is 210 GeV. The mesons are measured in the transverse momentum range 0.5 < p(T) < 7 GeV and the rapidity range vertical bar y(lab)vertical bar < 1. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity, and are compared to the predictions of hadroproduction models. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the inclusive ep scattering cross section at low Q (2) and x at HERA
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 63:4, s. 625-678
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A measurement of the inclusive ep scattering cross section is presented in the region of low momentum transfers, 0.2 GeV2 a parts per thousand currency signQ (2)a parts per thousand currency sign12 GeV2, and low Bjorken x, 5a <...10(-6)a parts per thousand currency signxa parts per thousand currency sign0.02. The result is based on two data sets collected in dedicated runs by the H1 Collaboration at HERA at beam energies of 27.6 GeV and 920 GeV for positrons and protons, respectively. A combination with data previously published by H1 leads to a cross section measurement of a few percent accuracy. A kinematic reconstruction method exploiting radiative ep events extends the measurement to lower Q (2) and larger x. The data are compared with theoretical models which apply to the transition region from photoproduction to deep inelastic scattering.
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| 33. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
A precision measurement of the inclusive ep scattering cross section at HERA
- 2009
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 64:4, s. 561-587
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A measurement of the inclusive deep inelastic neutral current e(+) p scattering cross section is reported in the region of four-momentum transfer squared, 12GeV(2) <= Q(2) <= 150 GeV2, and Bjorken x, 2 x 10(-4) <= x <= 0.1. The results are based on data collected by the H1 Collaboration at the ep collider HERA at positron and proton beam energies of E-e = 27.6 GeV and E-p = 920 GeV, respectively. The data are combined with previously published data, taken at E-p = 820 GeV. The accuracy of the combined measurement is typically in the range of 1.3-2%. A QCD analysis at next-to-leading order is performed to determine the parton distributions in the proton based on H1 data.
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| 34. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Jet production in ep collisions at high Q(2) and determination of alpha(s)
- 2010
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 65:3-4, s. 363-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of jets is studied in deep-inelastic e(+/-) p scattering at large negative four momentum transfer squared 150 < Q(2) < 15000 GeV2 using HERA data taken in 1999-2007, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 395 pb(-1). Inclusive jet, 2-jet and 3-jet cross sections, normalised to the neutral current deep-inelastic scattering cross sections, are measured as functions of Q(2), jet transverse momentum and proton momentum fraction. The measurements are well described by perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order corrected for hadronisation effects. The strong coupling as determined from these measurements
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| 35. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Search for excited quarks in ep collisions at HERA
- 2009
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 678:4, s. 335-343
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for excited quarks is performed using the full e(+/-)p data sample collected by the HI experiment at HERA, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 475 pb(-1). The electroweak decays of excited quarks q* -> q gamma. q* -> qZ and q* - qW with Subsequent hadronic or leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are considered. No evidence for first generation excited quark production is found. Mass dependent exclusion limits on q* production cross sections and on the ratio f/Lambda of the coupling to the compositeness scale are derived Within gauge mediated models. These limits extend the excluded region compared to previous excited quark searches. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Search for single top quark production at HERA
- 2009
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 678:5, s. 450-458
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for single top quark production is performed in the full e(+/-)p data sample collected by the H1 experiment at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 474 pb(-1). Decays of top quarks into a b quark and a W boson with Subsequent leptonic or hadronic decay of the W are investigated. A multivariate analysis is performed to discriminate top quark production from Standard Model background processes. An upper limit on the top quark production cross section via flavour changing neutral current processes sigma(ep -> et X) < 0.25 pb is established at 95% CL. Limits on the anomalous coupling K-tu gamma are derived. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Diffractive electroproduction of rho and phi mesons at HERA
- 2010
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; 2010:5, s. 1-111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diffractive electroproduction of rho and phi mesons is measured at HERA with the H1 detector in the elastic and proton dissociative channels. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51 pb(-1). About 10500 rho and 2000 phi events are analysed in the kinematic range of squared photon virtuality 2.5 <= Q(2) <= 60 GeV2, photon-proton centre of mass energy 35 <= W <= 180 GeV and squared four-momentum transfer to the proton vertical bar t vertical bar <= 3 GeV2. The total, longitudinal and transverse cross sections are measured as a function of Q(2), W and vertical bar t vertical bar. The measurements show a transition to a dominantly "hard" behaviour, typical of high gluon densities and small q (q) over bar dipoles, for Q(2) larger than 10 to 20 GeV2. They support flavour independence of the diffractive exchange, expressed in terms of the scaling variable (Q(2) + M-V(2))/4, and proton vertex factorisation. The spin density matrix elements are measured as a function of kinematic variables. The ratio of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections, the ratio of the helicity amplitudes and their relative phases are extracted. Several of these measurements have not been performed before and bring new information on the dynamics of diffraction in a QCD framework. The measurements are discussed in the context of models using generalised parton distributions or universal dipole cross sections.
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| 38. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of the charm and beauty structure functions using the H1 vertex detector at HERA
- 2010
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 65:1-2, s. 89-109
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inclusive charm and beauty cross sections are measured in e (-) p and e (+) p neutral current collisions at HERA in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 5a parts per thousand currency signQ (2)a parts per thousand currency sign2000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 0.0002a parts per thousand currency signxa parts per thousand currency sign0.05. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb(-1). The numbers of charm and beauty events are determined using variables reconstructed by the H1 vertex detector including the impact parameter of tracks to the primary vertex and the position of the secondary vertex. The measurements are combined with previous data and compared to QCD predictions.
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| 39. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Observation of the hadronic final state charge asymmetry in high Q(2) deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2009
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 681:2, s. 125-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A first measurement is presented of the charge asymmetry in the hadronic final state from the hard interaction in deep-inelastic ep neutral current scattering at HERA. The measurement is performed in the range of negative squared four momentum transfer 100 < Q(2) < 8000 GeV2. The difference between the event normalised distributions of the scaled momentum, x(p), for positively and negatively charged particles, measured in the current region of the Breit frame, is studied together with its evolution as a function of Q. The results are compared to Monte Carlo models at the hadron and parton levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(author)
-
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(author)
-
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
-
In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Deeply virtual Compton scattering and its beam charge asymmetry in e(+/-)p collisions at HERA
- 2009
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 681:5, s. 391-399
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A measurement of elastic deeply virtual Compton scattering gamma*p --> gamma p using e(+) p and e(-) p collision data recorded with the HI detector at HERA is presented. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 306 pb(-1), almost equally shared between both beam charges. The cross section is measured as a function of the virtuality Q(2) of the exchanged photon and the centre-of-mass energy W of the gamma*p system in the kinematic domain 6.5 < Q(2) < 80 GeV2, 30 < W < 140 GeV and |t| < 1 GeV2, where t denotes the squared momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The cross section is determined differentially in t for different Q(2) and W values and exponential t-slope parameters are derived. Using e(+) p and e(-) p data samples, a beam charge asymmetry is extracted for the first time in the low Biorken x kinematic domain. The observed asymmetry is attributed to the interference between Bethe-Heitler and deeply virtual Compton scattering processes. Experimental results are discussed in the context of two different models, one based on generalised parton distributions and one based on the dipole approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Jet production in ep collisions at low Q(2) and determination of alpha(s)
- 2010
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 67:1-2, s. 1-24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of jets is studied in deep-inelastic e(+) p scattering at low negative four momentum transfer squared 5 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2 and at inelasticity 0.2 < y < 0.7 using data recorded by the H1 detector at HERA in the years 1999 and 2000, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 43.5 pb(-1). Inclusive jet, 2-jet and 3-jet cross sections as well as the ratio of 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections are measured as a function of Q(2) and jet transverse momentum. The 2-jet cross section is also measured as a function of the proton momentum fraction xi. The measurements are well described by perturbative quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading order corrected for hadronisation effects and are subsequently used to extract the strong coupling as.
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| 46. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the D*(+/-) meson production cross section and F-2(c(c)over-bar) at high Q(2) in ep scattering at HERA
- 2010
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 686:2-3, s. 91-100
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The inclusive production of D*(+/-)(2010) mesons in deep-inelastic e(+/-)p scattering is measured in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 100 < Q(2) < 1000 GeV2 and inelasticity 002 < y < 0 7 Single and double differential cross sections for inclusive D* meson production are measured in the visible range defined by vertical bar eta(D*)vertical bar < 1 5 and p(gamma)(D*) > 1 5 GeV The data were collected by the H1 experiment during the period from 2004 to 2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 351 pb(-1) The charm contribution. F-2(c (c) over bar), to the proton structure function F-2 is determined. The measurements are compared with QCD predictions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
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| 47. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Prompt photons in photoproduction at HERA
- 2010
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 66:1-2, s. 17-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of prompt photons is measured in the photoproduction regime of electron-proton scattering at HERA. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 340 pb(-1) collected by the H1 experiment. Cross sections are measured for photons with transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in the range 6< E-T(gamma) < 15 GeV and -1.0< eta(gamma) < 2.4, respectively. Cross sections for events with an additional jet are measured as a function of the transverse energy and pseudorapidity of the jet, and as a function of the fractional momenta x(gamma) and x(p) carried by the partons entering the hard scattering process. The correlation between the photon and the jet is also studied. The results are compared with QCD predictions based on the collinear and on the k(T) factorization approaches.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
-
Diffractive dijet photoproduction in ep collisions at HERA
- 2010
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 70:1-2, s. 15-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements are presented of single and double-differential dijet cross sections in diffractive photoproduction based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 47 pb(-1). The events are of the type ep -> eXY, where the hadronic system X contains at least two jets and is separated by a large rapidity gap from the system Y, which consists of a leading proton or low-mass proton excitation. The dijet cross sections are compared with QCD calculations at next-to-leading order and with a Monte Carlo model based on leading order matrix elements with parton showers. The measured cross sections are smaller than those obtained from the next-to-leading order calculations by a factor of about 0.6. This suppression factor has no significant dependence on the fraction x (gamma) of the photon four-momentum entering the hard subprocess. Ratios of the diffractive to the inclusive dijet cross sections are measured for the first time and are compared with Monte Carlo models.
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| 50. |
- Aaron, F. D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of charm and beauty jets in deep inelastic scattering at HERA
- 2011
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 71:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements of cross sections for events with charm and beauty jets in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. Events with jets of transverse energy E-T(jet) > 6 GeV and pseudorapidity - 1.0 < eta(jet) < 1.5 in the laboratory frame are selected in the kinematic region of photon virtuality Q(2) > 6 GeV2 and inelasticity variable 0.07 < y < 0.625. Measurements are also made requiring a jet in the Breit frame with E-T(*jet) > 6 GeV. The data were collected with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 189 pb(-1). The numbers of charm and beauty jets are determined using variables reconstructed using the H1 vertex detector with which the impact parameters of the tracks to the primary vertex and the position of secondary vertices are measured. The measurements are compared with QCD predictions and with previous measurements where heavy flavours are identified using muons.
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