| 1. |
- Duchon, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing structure-sensitivity of ceria reducibility : real-time observations of surface hydrogen interactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 8:11, s. 5501-5507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first Layer of atoms on an oxide cataLyst provides the first sites for adsorption of reactants and the Last sites before products or oxygen are desorbed. We employ a unique combination of morphological, structural, and chemical analyses of a model ceria cataLyst with different surface terminations under an H2 environment to unequivocally establish the effect of the Last Layer of atoms on surface reduction. (111) and (100) terminated epitaxiaL isLands of ceria are simultaneously studied in situ allowing for a direct investigation of the structure reducibility relationship under identical conditions. Kinetic rate constants of Ce4+ to Ce3+ transformation and equilibrium concentrations are extracted for both surface terminations. Unlike the kinetic rate constants, which are practically the same for both types of isLands, more pronounced oxygen release, and overall higher reducibility were observed for (100) isLands compared to (111) ones. The findings are in agreement with coordination -Limited oxygen vacancy formation energies calculated by density functional theory. The results point out the important aspect of surface terminations in redox processes, with particular impact on the catalytic reactions of a variety of catalysts.
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| 2. |
- Hoffmann, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding principles for the use of knowledge bases and real-world data in clinical decision support systems : report by an international expert workshop at Karolinska Institutet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-2433 .- 1751-2441. ; 13:9, s. 925-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Technical and logical breakthroughs have provided new opportunities in medicine to use knowledge bases and large-scale clinical data (real-world) at point-of-care as part of a learning healthcare system to diminish the knowledge-practice gap. Areas covered The article is based on presentations, discussions and recommendations from an international scientific workshop. Value, research needs and funding avenues of knowledge bases and access to real-world data as well as transparency and incorporation of patient perspectives are discussed. Expert opinion Evidence-based, publicly funded, well-structured and curated knowledge bases are of global importance. They ought to be considered as a public responsibility requiring transparency and handling of conflicts of interest. Information has to be made accessible for clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for healthcare staff and patients. Access to rich and real-world data is essential for a learning health care ecosystem and can be augmented by data on patient-reported outcomes and preferences. This field can progress by the establishment of an international policy group for developing a best practice guideline on the development, maintenance, governance, evaluation principles and financing of open-source knowledge bases and handling of real-world data.
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| 3. |
- Jönsson, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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From fossil to biogenic feedstock - Exploring Different Technology Pathways for a Swedish Chemical Cluster
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEEE industrial summer study.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study of the chemical cluster in Stenungsund, Sweden. The cluster is Sweden’s largest agglomeration of its kind and consists of five companies producing a variety of chemical products. For the cluster, different options for enhanced energy efficiency and converting to biogenic feedstock are investigated. Based on these options, nine different technology pathways are defined – representing different ways to fully or partly transform the cluster into an energy efficient biorefinery. For the pathways an impact analysis is made in which the pathways are analysed and discussed from different perspectives. The results show that up to 120 MW of heat can be saved if the plants were to implement extensive heat integration measures. This is equal to ~100% of the heat currently supplied by boilers based on purchased fuels. With moderate enhancement of the heat integration, roughly half of this potential can be reached. In the fossil feedstock is to be replaced with biogenic feedstock the feedstock demand is extensive, however, the exact amount and type of feedstock depends on the technology chosen, degree of heat integration and on whether full or partial substitution is to be achieved. Full substitution of the fossil ethylene demand by ethylene based on imported bioethanol would for example demand ~1 230 kt-bioethanol/yr. If the ethanol for the ethanol-to-ethylene process were to be produced on site (based on lignocellulosic biomass), 4 725 kt-dry biomass/yr of forest biomass would be required (more than the biomass demand for four large pulp and paper mills). The results also show that the scenarios for enhanced heat integration and introduction of biogenic feedstock, to different extents, are interdependent. Furthermore, one important finding from the impact analysis is that regardless of which pathway the cluster wants to travel in their journey towards sustainable chemistry, collaboration is a key issue.
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| 4. |
- Klugman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Integration of Domsjö Biorefinery Cluster - Summary
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the Domsjö Biorefinery cluster in Örnsköldsvik, all the industries are cooperating regarding energy. The cluster consists of one wood pulp production facility, two bio-chemical facilities and one energy facility. In this study, we have analysed how efficient the steam is used within the industries. Are steam of right pressure and temperature used for the right purposes? To what extent could steam be replaced by district heating? And, how big is the potential to use simultaneous heat and cold demand for energy integration? The method for energy analysis was “pinch analysis”. It is found that steam of 7 bar(g) and 170 °C is used to supply a major part of the heat demand, sometimes even heat demands of low temperatures. Such demands would be more efficient to supply by district heating. Alternatively, a new utility with temperatures 40/120 °C could be introduced, either within the total site, or only within the biggest of the industries. The practical heat recovery potential is about 15 MW for the total site, and about 10 MW at the biggest of the industries. For all alternatives, steam capacity is released, which for example could be used for increased industrial production without investments in new steam boilers. Alternatively, the released capacity could be used to completely (or partially) offset the steam requirements of a new process plant at the Domsjö site.
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| 5. |
- Mossberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging barriers for multi-party investments in energy efficiency – A real options based approach for common utility systems design and evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEEE industrial summer study, 2014. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. ; , s. 411-422
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total Site Analysis (TSA) is a tool for quantifying energy savings targets in large industrial process clusters. Thereafter retrofit design tools can be used to identify efficient solutions in which the different process sites exchange excess energy with each other through the site utility system, thus reducing the overall need for external fuels/energy. Compared to energy efficiency investments identified for single companies, similar investments identified for clusters hold an inherent complexity; they assume joint investments and multi-party collaboration, which often constitute a barrier for implementation. Real Options Analysis (ROA) is a tool that can be used for helping managers to evaluate different investment options. However, previous research almost exclusively concerns single companies/actors and not the increased complexity of joint investments. This paper presents a novel approach, showing how ROA can be applied not only to handle uncertainties regarding market development but also reduce complexity associated with multiparty cooperation in a joint energy efficiency investments based on TSA. The approachis applied on a case study of a joint energy efficiency retrofit investment in a Swedish chemical cluster. Using ROA, the case study shows how the identified solution can divided into “investment packages” distributed over time, allowing for an initial investment by only two actors and permitting for an evaluation of both the cooperation and the market development before expanding the investment and the number of actors involved. Further, an economic assessment of the project is presented together with an analysis of the cost/ benefit of gradually expanding the investment.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Røyne, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Evaluation of Industry Cluster Strategies with a Life Cycle Perspective : Replacing Fossil Feedstock with Forest-Based Feedstock and Increasing Thermal Energy Integration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 22:4, s. 694-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symbiotic linkages in industry clusters in the form of interconnected materials, energy and information flows, and close proximity provide unique opportunities to develop efficient environmental strategies. The purpose of our study is to examine the practical potential of applying a life cycle approach in strategy evaluations, as the environmental impact caused by industrial symbiosis systems outside the company gates has been scarcely addressed. This is done by evaluating two strategies for an industry cluster in Sweden: (1) to replace a share of the fossil feedstock used in the industry cluster with forest-based feedstock and (2) to improve energy efficiency through thermal energy integration. The environmental impact reduction potential of the strategies is evaluated using life cycle assessment. The ratio between investment cost and reduced global warming potential is used as an indicator to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the strategies. Results demonstrate the importance of applying a life cycle perspective as the assessment outcome depends heavily on whether only on-site consequences are assessed or if upstream and downstream processes are also included. 20% of the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the energy integration strategy occurs off-site, whereas the forest strategy has the largest reduction potential off-site, >80%.
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