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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Annsofie, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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How Vaginal Infections Impact Women's Everyday Life : Women's Lived Experiences of Bacterial Vaginosis and Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Sexual Medicine. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2164-5191 .- 2164-5205. ; 7:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reoccurring symptoms and persistent problems that continue post treatment can becharacteristic of the vaginal infections Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and recurrent vulvovaginalcandidiasis (RVVC). The purpose of this study was to describe women’s lifeexperiences in managing the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis and Candida. Sixteenwomen were recruited and participated in an interview study when they contacted aSwedish gynecology clinic with vaginal complaints that ranged from and includedabnormal discharge, irritation itching along with serious malodor. An interpretivephenomenological approach was used with an individual interview to get a more intimateunderstanding of the women experiencing these problems. The finding of thisstudy shows that managing the recurrent symptoms of the infections remains to be achallenge for women as it has a clearly negative impact on the quality of their lives.Four themes developed: frustration and mood disorders, intimacy changes in the relationship,exposure, hope and relief. The women had high hopes of eliminating thesymptoms within the six-month study period. The treatment program, with itswell-developed guidelines and continuity of care within the context of the studygreatly improved the quality of life of these women. Women had feelings of frustrationand anxiety when nothing could cure their problem while they had also a greathope to get rid of the symptoms with a long striking treatment. Well-developedguidelines and continuity of care can help these women to have an improved qualityof life.
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Probing Approach for Detection of Acetate Formation
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pharmaceuticals are today produced using genetically modified microorganisms. A typical problem in monitoring and control of biotechnical processes is that many important process variables cannot be measured on-line. This has triggered much research and development concerning new sensors. Another way of addressing the problem is to improve and to extend the use of existing sensors.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Probing Feeding Strategy for E. coli Cultivations
- 1999
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Ingår i: Abstract book of 217th ACS National Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulation of acetate tends to reduce growth and recombinant protein production in E. coli cultivations. Formation of acetate can be avoided by a proper substrate feeding strategy, but most strategies require considerable process knowledge to work well. A feedback strategy is presented that requires minimal a priori information. The key idea is to exploit a characteristic change in the cell metabolism at the onset of acetate formation. By superimposing short pulses in the substrate feed rate, on-line detection of acetate formation can be made using a standard dissolved oxygen sensor. A simple feedback algorithm is then used to adjust the feed rate to avoid acetate formation while maintaining a high growth rate. The strategy was used in fed-batch cultivations of recombinant E. coli. Acetate accumulation was avoided and a good production of recombinant protein could be achieved at the first attempt for each genetic construction.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Probing Feeding Strategy for Escherichia coli Cultures
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Techniques. - 0951-208X. ; 13, s. 523-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strain-independent feeding strategy for fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli is presented. The key idea is to exploit a characteristic change in the cell metabolism at the onset of acetate formation. By superimposing short pulses in the glucose feed rate, on-line detection of acetate formation can be made using a standard dissolved oxygen sensor. A simple feedback algorithm is then used to adjust the feed rate to avoid acetate formation. The feasibility of the strategy is demonstrated by both simulation and experiments.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Probing Feeding Strategy for Recombinant E. coli Cultivations
- 1999
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- *Summary: The bacterium Escherichia coli is a common host organism for recombinant protein production. A problem encountered is the accumulation of the by-product acetate, which tends to reduce growth and protein production (1). Formation of acetate can be avoided by a proper substrate feeding strategy, but most strategies require considerable process knowledge to work well. The main problem is that many important process variables cannot be measured on-line. This paper presents a feedback strategy for substrate feeding that is based on standard measurements and that only requires a minimum of process knowledge. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by both simulations and experiments. *Materials and Methods: Fed-batch cultivations of E. coli BL21(DE3) with different plasmids was made in a 3 L bioreactor using a defined medium. The temperature was 37 C and pH was kept at 7.0 by titration of ammonia. DO was kept around 30% saturation by manipulation of the stirrer speed. Expression of recombinant protein was initiated by addition of IPTG. OD was measured at 620 nm. Glucose and acetate concentration was determined using enzymatic kits. *Overview and discussion of results: The key idea of the novel feedback strategy is to exploit a characteristic change in the cell metabolism at the onset of acetate formation. By superimposing short pulses in the substrate feed rate, on-line detection of acetate formation can be made using a standard dissolved oxygen sensor (2). A simple feedback algorithm is then used to adjust the feed rate to avoid acetate formation while maintaining a high cell growth rate. The feasibility of the feeding strategy is demonstrated by simulations and tuning rules that require a minimum of process specific information are derived. The strategy was used in fed-batch cultivations of recombinant E. coli. Acetate accumulation was avoided and a good production of the recombinant protein was achieved. *Conclusions: A feedback strategy for substrate feeding in E. coli cultivations has been developed. An attractive feature is that only a minimum of process specific knowledge is required which makes it a valuable tool for cutting the development time for new processes. *References: (1) Bauer et al (1990) Appl. Env. Microbiol. 56, 1296-1302 (2) Akesson (1998) Licentiate Thesis ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT--3220--SE, Dept. of Automatic Control, Lund Inst. of Technology, Lund, Sweden
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Pulse Technique for Control of Fed-batch Fermentations
- 1997
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strategy for control of substrate feed rate in fed-batch fermentations is presented. The main idea is to make pulses in the feed rate and to evaluate the response in the dissolved oxygen signal. This gives an indirect measurement of the substrate demand that is used for feedback control of the feed rate. Experimental data is used to develop a model of a fermentation process. The model is used to derive simple tuning rules that require little process specific information. Several simulation experiments show the feasibility of the presented strategy.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Computer Control of Sucrose Concentration in a Fermentor with Continuous Flow
- 1983
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Ingår i: Modelling and Control of Biotechnical Processes : Proceedings of the First IFAC Workshop, Helsinki, Finland, August 17–19, 1982 - Proceedings of the First IFAC Workshop, Helsinki, Finland, August 17–19, 1982. - 9780080299785 ; , s. 273-282
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Control Design for a Bilinear System. Reachable Sets and Exact Linearization
- 1990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bilinear system model of a continuous tank reactor from a biotechnology application (F. Mandenius et al., 1987) is studied. The concentrations of the substrate sugar and the product ethanol were measured on-line and utilized to control the flow-rate through the fermenter. The system can be integrated analytically making it possible to describe the reachable sets. Limited controllability is found on a line in the state space. These reachable set expressions are used to obtain a time-optimal controller that for large disturbances implies reversed control action as compared to linear control. Transformations used when applying exact linearization are described. The lack of controllability, also obtained using the Lie brackets of differential geometry, shows up as singularities in the transformations.
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| 21. |
- Axelsson, Jan Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Substrate Control of Biotechnical Fedbatch Processes. Robustness and the Role of Adaptivity
- 1990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from experiments on laboratory scale fedbatch processes are presented as well as analysis and design of the control system. The main reason for control is to track the drastic growth in feed demand during a cultivation. Variations in the amount and quality of the inocculum makes precalculated dosage schemes of limited value to obtain reproducible cultivation conditions. Two processes have been studied on a laboratory scale, production of bakers' yeast, and production of the enzyme salicylate hydroxylase using a strain of bacteria. Direct measurement was used to monitor the feed demand. A regulator structure is proposed based on an observer for the exponentially growing feed demand. It can be viewed as a modified PID regulator around a dosage scheme, but it is less sensitive to errors in the dosage scheme than conventional PID control. The a priori knowledge of the feed profile is further relaxed by introduction of adaptation of the growth rate parameter. The obtained non-linear control system has a simple structure and stability is garanteed for a wide range of initial values using the technique of Liapunov function. The linearized system is analysed in the frequency domain and the adaptation is shown to have negligible influence on the loop phase margin. The adaptive regulator is tested in simulation against real feed profiles and shows good results.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bernhardsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A Simple But Rich Test Example for H∞-Optimal Control
- 1992
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the American Control Conference. - 0743-1619. - 0780302109 ; 1, s. 745-746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple second order feed-forward disturbance attenuation problem is analyzed. The problem has one free parameter, the control weight ρ in the loss function. It is found that controller structure and uniqueness for H∞-control, in the optimal case, changes when ρ is varied. Sensitivity to initial conditions is also drastically changed. The example is simple enough to allow a solution by formula manipulation, but is rich enough to give physically reasonable controllers and insight into the behavior of both state-space and polynomial H∞-methods at optimality. Details can be found in [6].
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| 27. |
- Bernhardsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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On the notion of strong stabilizability
- 1990
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - 0018-9286. ; AC-35:8, s. 927-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Higher risk of colic in infants of nonmanual employee mothers with a demanding work situation in pregnancy.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 11:1, s. 37-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this population-based study, we assessed the relation between socioeconomic and psychosocial conditions in 1,094 pregnant women and subsequent infantile colic by means of self-administered questionnaires measuring exposures in the 17th pregnancy week and telephone interviews at infant age 5 weeks. There was a higher risk of colic in infants born to younger mothers, mothers with low instrumental support in pregnancy, and mothers with nonmanual occupations. Having an "active" job situation, that is, high demands and high decision latitude at work, acted synergistically with a nonmanual occupation, yielding even higher odds ratios for colic as did concomitant low instrumental support and nonmanual occupation. An expected synergy between low social participation and nonmanual occupation could not be demonstrated. Findings from gender-related research may partly explain some of these results.
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| 29. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Infantile colic and the role of trait anxiety during pregnancy in relation to psychosocial and socioeconomic factors.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 33:1, s. 26-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: A study was undertaken to assess the impact of psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on the risk of having a child with infantile colic. Methods: Psychosocial and psychological factors were assessed by self-administered questionnaires in the 17th, and by telephone interviews in the 35th—37th pregnancy weeks; infantile colic occurrence was assessed by telephone interviews at infant age 5 weeks; subjects were 1,099 mother—infant dyads. Results: High trait anxiety increased the colic risk; OR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.59), and so did affirming a perceived risk of spoiling young infants with too much physical contact; OR 1.77 (1.07, 2.91). In the final step of a multivariate model, not cohabiting with the child's father was the factor with the strongest association with colic; OR 3.48 (1.38, 8.77). Analyses of effect modification showed that high education seemed to protect from the influence of high trait anxiety. Young women were particularly high in trait anxiety, and being exposed to both these risk factors seemed to act synergistically on the risk of having a colicky infant; OR 2.41 (1.12, 5.18). Conclusions: Psychological and psychosocial factors were found to be significantly related to an increased risk for infantile colic, and these factors interacted with age, parity, social support, and educational level in a complex manner. Even though no single most important psychosocial risk factor was identified, the findings lend support to the strategy of offering special attention in terms of information and support in the maternal healthcare system to very young women, women who do not cohabit with the father, and women with high trait anxiety.
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| 30. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Infantile colic, maternal smoking and infant feeding at 5 weeks of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:3, s. 284-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many parents seek help from health professionals because of their infants' persistent crying in the early months. The aetiology of this condition, often labelled ``infantile colic'', is still unclear. Aims: To assess whether smoking during pregnancy, and/or smoking at infant age 5 weeks, is associated with infantile colic, and to describe how feeding at infant age 5 weeks and smoking are related to colic. Methods: This was a community-based study, with telephone interviews in late pregnancy, and at infant age 5 weeks, covering 1,625 mother—infant dyads, i.e. 86% of the eligible population. Results: Daily maternal smoking in pregnancy was related to subsequent colic, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 (95% confidence interval 1.08—2.82). In the multivariate model, the OR was largely unaltered. The association between smoking at infant age 5 weeks and colic did not reach statistical significance. The subgroups based on smoking and infant feeding were small, but the results suggest that exclusive breast-feeding was protective against colic, including for infants of smoking mothers. Conclusions: This study presents yet another argument why smoking in pregnancy should be discouraged — some cases of infantile colic may be avoided. With regard to mothers who are not able to give up smoking, the results add some support for the conclusion that if a mother is worried about colic, she certainly should not refrain from breast-feeding even if she smokes.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A cultivation technique for E. coli fed-batch cultivations operating close to the maximum oxygen transfer capacity of the reactor
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 27:14, s. 983-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cultivation strategy combining the advantages of temperature-limited fed-batch and probing feeding control is presented. The technique was evaluated in fed-batch cultivations with E. coli BL21(DE3) producing xylanase in a 3 liter bioreactor. A 20% increase in cell mass was achieved and the usual decrease in specific enzyme activity normally observed during the late production phase was diminished with the new technique. The method was further tested by growing E. coli W3110 in a larger bioreactor (50 l). It is a suitable cultivation technique when the O2 transfer capacity of the reactor is reached and it is desired to continue to produce the recombinant protein.
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| 33. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Cultivations of Vibrio cholerae using probing control of glucose feeding
- 2002
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 62-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One reason for cultvating Vibrio cholera is for production of CTB, which is a component in a cholera vaccine. Techniques of high cell density fermentation developed for recombinant E. coli are investigated.In the literature there is evidence of acetate formation when cultivating V. cholerae, and it is probable that the acetate has the same negative consequences for V. cholerae as for E. coli. Formation of acetate in E. coli cultures occurs under anaerobic conditions, but also under fully aerobic conditions in situations with excess carbon source.Mats Åkesson has developed a probing feeding strategy, which avoid overflow metabolism while maintaining a high growth rate. The probing feeding strategy consists of pulses that are superimposed to the glucose feed. The pulses give rise to changes in the glucose uptake, which can be seen in the dissolved oxygen measurements. A feedback algorithm uses the information from the pulse responses to change the feed rate. A safety net decreases the feed rate when maximal stirrer speed is reached to avoid oxygen limitations. The probing feeding has been tested in five fed - batch cultivations with V. cholerae JS1596 in defined media. The strategy is working as well for V. cholerae as for E. coli in minimizing the amount acetic acid formed and avoiding anaerobic conditions. Two hours after the feed start most of the acetic acid accumulated during the batch phase is consumed. During this acetic acid consumption period the resulting growth rate is a bit lower than later on when the acetic acid is depleted. The probing feeding strategy thus gives favorable cultivation conditions in a controlled way.
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| 34. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback control of flow rate from a peristaltic pump using balance measurements
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many biotechnological processes it is important to perform exactdosing of the substrate into the bioreactor. The idea in this paper is to use the measurements from a balance to control the flow rate, since there is no access to the flow itself. The goals of the controller are several: it should be capable of handling load disturbances acting on the pump, measurement noise and even shocks acting on the balance. For this purpose an observer disregarding outliers is designed for low influence of the measurement noise. The observer-based feedback term compensates the load disturbances and the model errors. A dynamic feed forward structure is introduced to speed up the setpoint response. Simulation experiments show that the suggested controller structure works well.
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| 35. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding strategies for E-coli fermentations demanding an enriched environment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-7605 .- 1615-7591. ; 30:1, s. 13-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of a carbon nutrient feed to a fed-batch cultivation is often not enough to obtain satisfactory growth and/or production. In some cases, an additional feed with for example supplementary amino acids or complex media is required. This work presents the development of feeding strategies where more than one feed is required and the knowledge of the growth requirements is low. Simulations and cultivations with E. coli are shown using the proposed feed controllers which are based on a probing control concept. The strategies work well and they can be used to shorten the process development phase considerably.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Probing control of glucose feeding in Vibrio cholerae cultivations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-7605 .- 1615-7591. ; 25:4, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infection with Vibrio cholerae is a significant problem in manydeveloping countries. Cultivation of Vibrio cholerae is used inproduction of CTB, which is a component in a cholera vaccine. Fed - batch cultivations with V. cholerae in defined mediahave been conducted and reproducible results were obtained. A probing feeding strategy developed by Åkessonfor E. coli cultivations has been tested.The program is working as well for V. cholerae as forE. coliin minimizing the amount acetic acid formed and avoiding anaerobicconditions. Two hours after the feed start most of the acetic acidaccumulated during the batch phase is consumed. The resulting feedrate tends to be thehighest possible with respect to the constraints from cell metabolismand mass transfer, thus maximizing productivity in terms of biomass.A cell dry weight of 20 - 23 g/l is obtained after12 hours of feeding.
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| 38. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Simuleringar och analys av V. Cholerae odling där feeden styrs genom återkoppling från ättiksyramätningar
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På Linköpings tekniska högskola har man tillgång till många olika sätt att mäta ättiksyra i en bioreaktor. Utrustningen för att mäta ättiksyra består av en NIR (near infrared spectroscopy) som mäter online och en samplingstid på sekund nivå kan uppnås. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) finns det också tillgång till. Där räknar man med att ta prover var 15 min och att själva analysen tar ca 15 min. Näsan kan också användas och där räknar man med en samplingshastighet på 15 min men med att själva analysen sedan tar någon minut. Målet med denna rapport är att undersöka genom simuleringar hur det skulle fungera att styra feeden in till reaktorn med återkoppling från ättiksyra genom mätningar på de tre ovan nämda sätten. Robusthet mot störningar och även systemets stabilitet har undersökts. Det verkar som att det går bra att använda ättiksyramätningarna för att reglera feeden. Enligt simuleringar fungerar en enkel P regulator väl i fallet med NIR om inte mätbruset är stort. I så fall krävs en PI regulator. Då HPLC eller näsan används ser det ut att räcka med en PI regulator, men troligen behövs även reglering runt en profil.
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| 39. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature limited fed-batch cultivation with a probing feeding strategy for Escherichia coli
- 2004
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Ingår i: Computer Applications in Biotechnology 2004. - 008044251X ; , s. 73-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cultivation strategy combining the advantages of temperature limitedfed-batch and probing control is presented.This is a suitable way to produce recombinant proteins while minimizing therelease of endotoxins which complicates the downstream processing.The downside with the temperature limited fed-batch technique has been the difficulty to achieve a controlled excess of glucose inthe reactor without the accumulation of acetic acid when usingstandard sensors.A method using a probing feeding strategy withdown-pulses is here suggested. The technique is investigated insimulations and experiments.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Eker, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A Feedback Scheduler for Real-Time Controller Tasks
- 2000
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Ingår i: Control Engineering Practice. - 0967-0661. ; 8:12, s. 1369-1378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem studied in this paper is how to distribute computingresources over a set of realtime control loops in order to optimizethe total control performance. Two subproblems are investigated: howthe control performance depends on the sampling interval, and how arecursive resource allocation optimization routine can be designed.Linear quadratic cost functions are used as performance indicators.Expressions for calculating their dependence on the sampling intervalare given. An optimization routine, called a feedback scheduler, thatuses these expressions is designed.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hagander, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A Self-Tuning Filter for Fixed-Lag Smoothing
- 1976
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of estimating a discrete-time stochastic signal which is corrupted by additive white measurement noise is discussed. How the stationary solution to the fixed-lag smoothing problem can be obtained is shown. The first step is to construct an innovation model for the process. It is then shown how the fixed-lag smoother can be determined from the polynomials in the transfer function of the innovation model. In many applications, the signal model and the characteristics of the noise process are unknown. It is shown that it is possible to derive an algorithm which on-line finds the optimal fixed-lag smoother, a self-tuning smoother. The self-tuning smoother consists of two parts: an on-line estimation of the parameters in the one-step ahead predictor of the measured signal, and a computation of the smoother coefficients by simple manipulation of the predictor parameters. The smoother has good transient, as well as good asymptotic, properties.
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| 48. |
- Hagander, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A Self-Tuning Filter for Fixed-Lag Smoothing
- 1977
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - 0018-9448. ; 23:3, s. 377-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of estimating a discrete-time stochastic signal which is corrupted by additive white measurement noise is discussed. How the stationary solution to the fixed-lag smoothing problem can be obtained is shown. The first step is to construct an innovation model for the process. It is then shown how the fixed-lag smoother can be determined from the polynomials in the transfer function of the innovation model. In many applications, the signal model and the characteristics of the noise process are unknown. It is shown that it is possible to derive an algorithm which on-line finds the optimal fixed-lag smoother, a self-tuning smoother. The self-tuning smoother consists of two parts: an on-line estimation of the parameters in the one-step ahead predictor of the measured signal, and a computation of the smoother coefficients by simple manipulation of the predictor parameters. The smoother has good transient, as well as good asymptotic, properties.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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