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- Arsene, I. C., et al.
(författare)
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Rapidity and centrality dependence of particle production for identified hadrons in Cu + Cu collisions at s NN =200 GeV
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 94:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BRAHMS collaboration has measured transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons at rapidities 0 and 3 for Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200 GeV. As the collisions become more central the collective radial flow increases while the temperature of kinetic freeze-out decreases. The temperature is lower and the radial flow weaker at forward rapidity. Pion and kaon yields with transverse momenta between 1.5 and 2.5 GeV/c are suppressed for central collisions relative to scaled p+p collisions. This suppression, which increases as the collisions become more central, is consistent with jet quenching models and is also present with comparable magnitude at forward rapidity. At such rapidities, initial state effects may also be present and persistence of the meson suppression to high rapidity may reflect a combination of jet quenching and nuclear shadowing. The ratio of protons to mesons increases as the collisions become more central and is largest at forward rapidities.
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- Danielsson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Brachytherapy and osteoradionecrosis in patients with base of tongue cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 143:1, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Base of tongue cancer incidence and patient survival is increasing why treatment sequelae becomes exceedingly important. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a late adverse effect of radiotherapy and brachytherapy (BT) could be a risk factor. Brachytherapy is used in three out of six health care regions in Sweden. Aims: Investigate if patients treated in regions using BT show an increased risk for ORN and whether brachytherapy has any impact on overall survival. Material and Methods: We used data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register between 2008–2014. Due to the nonrandomized nature of the study and possible selection bias we compared the risk for ORN in brachy vs non-brachy regions. Results: Fifty out of 505 patients (9.9%) developed ORN; eight of these were treated in nonbrachy regions (16%), while 42 (84%) were treated in brachy regions. Neither age, sex, TNM-classification/stage, p16, smoking, neck dissection, or chemotherapy differed between ORN and no-ORN patients. The risk for ORN was significantly higher for patients treated in brachy regions compared to non-brachy regions (HR = 2,63, p =.012), whereas overall survival did not differ (HR = 0.95, p =.782). Conclusions and Significance: Brachytherapy ought to be used cautiously for selected patients or within prospective randomized studies.
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- Boehm, Heike, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the mechanics and macromolecular organization of hyaluronan-rich cell coats
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 5:21, s. 4331-4337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hyaluronan (HA)-rich pericellular coat (PCC) enveloping most mammalian cells plays a vital role in biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, motility and embryogenesis. In particular its presence on chondrocytes, which live in the load-bearing cartilage, has a wide range of implications in diseases such as osteoarthritis, highlighting its mechanical role in living organisms. Despite its significance, the macromolecular organization of the cell coat remains speculative. In order to obtain a more detailed spatial picture of highly hydrated PCCs, we present two independent but complementary non-invasive techniques for the position-resolved analysis of the cell coat's mechanical and structural properties. Position-dependent microrheology provides a micromechanical map of the PCC that reveals a gradient of increasing elastic stiffness towards the plasma membrane on model rat chondrocyte cells (RCJ-P). This gradient can be correlated with the relative distribution of HA, which is inferred using an eGFP-labelled neurocan-binding domain, a small fluorescent molecule that binds to HA. The spatial variation of the HA concentration profile is consistent with the position-dependent elasticity. Combining these approaches sheds light on the molecular architecture of the PCC.
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- Catena, Riccardo, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Probing P- And CP-violation in dark matter interactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; 2021:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete symmetries played a central role in elucidating the structure of the weak interactions, and they will probably be equally crucial regarding the interactions of the dark matter (DM) particle - whose nature remains elusive. In this work we show that signals in future direct detection experiments can be used to test, in a model-independent way, for P- and CP-violation in DM-nucleus interactions. The analysis is performed within the most general effective theory for non-relativistic spin-0 DM-nucleus interactions mediated by the exchange of a heavy particle. Assuming an idealised xenon detector, we calculate the expected number of DM signal events required to reject P and CP invariant dark matter-nucleus interactions. For a DM mass of 30 GeV (or higher), this number lies between about 10 and 300 DM signal events, depending on how P and CP invariance are modeled. Future direct detection experiments, therefore, have the potential to reveal P- and CP-violation in DM interactions, making a decisive step toward the identification of the DM particle.
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- Craggs, L. J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J immunoreactivity is associated with white matter damage in cerebral small vessel diseases
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. - : Wiley. - 0305-1846 .- 1365-2990. ; 42:2, s. 194-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimBrain clusterin is known to be associated with the amyloid- deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the distribution of clusterin immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular disorders, particularly focusing on white matter changes in small vessel diseases. MethodsPost-mortem brain tissues from the frontal or temporal lobes of a total of 70 subjects with various disorders including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We further used immunogold electron microscopy to study clusterin immunoreactivity in extracellular deposits in CADASIL. ResultsImmunostaining with clusterin antibodies revealed strong localization in arterioles and capillaries, besides cortical neurones. We found that clusterin immunostaining was significantly increased in the frontal white matter of CADASIL and pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy subjects. In addition, clusterin immunostaining correlated with white matter pathology severity scores. Immunostaining in axons ranged from fine punctate deposits in single axons to larger confluent areas with numerous swollen axon bulbs, similar to that observed with known axon damage markers such as non-phosphorylated neurofilament H and the amyloid precursor protein. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy experiments showed that whereas clusterin immunoreactivity was closely associated with vascular amyloid- in CAA, it was lacking within the granular osmiophilic material immunolabelled by NOTCH3 extracelluar domain aggregates found in CADASIL. ConclusionsOur results suggest a wider role for clusterin associated with white matter damage in addition to its ability to chaperone proteins for clearance via the perivascular drainage pathways in several disease states.
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- Leggett, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest Reliability and Correlations of 5 Global Measures Addressing At-work Productivity Loss in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 43:2, s. 433-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several global measures to assess at-work productivity loss or presenteeism in patients with rheumatic diseases have been proposed, but the comparative validity is hampered by the lack of data on test-retest reliability and comparative concurrent and construct validity. Our objective was to test-retest 5 global measures of presenteeism and to compare the association between these scales and health-related well-being.
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- Rich, Rebecca L., et al.
(författare)
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A global benchmark study using affinity-based biosensors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 386:2, s. 194-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the variability in biosensor studies, 150 participants from 20 countries were given the same protein samples and asked to determine kinetic rate constants for the interaction. We chose a protein system that was amenable to analysis using different biosensor platforms as well as by users of different expertise levels. The two proteins (a 50-kDa Fab and a 60-kDa glutathione S-transferase [GST] antigen) form a relatively high-affinity complex, so participants needed to optimize several experimental parameters, including ligand immobilization and regeneration conditions as well as analyte concentrations and injection/dissociation times. Although most participants collected binding responses that could be fit to yield kinetic parameters, the quality of a few data sets could have been improved by optimizing the assay design. Once these outliers were removed, the average reported affinity across the remaining panel of participants was 620 pM with a standard deviation of 980 pM. These results demonstrate that when this biosensor assay was designed and executed appropriately, the reported rate constants were consistent, and independent of which protein was immobilized and which biosensor was used.
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| 20. |
- Romano, A., et al.
(författare)
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Reputation and socio-ecology in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 376:1838
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reputation is a fundamental feature of human sociality as it sustains cooperative relationships among unrelated individuals. Research from various disciplines provides insights on how individuals form impressions of others, condition their behaviours based on the reputation of their interacting partners and spread or learn such reputations. However, past research has often neglected the socio-ecological conditions that can shape reputation systems and their effect on cooperation. Here, we outline how social environments, cultural values and institutions come to play a crucial role in how people navigate reputation systems. Moreover, we illustrate how these socio-ecological dimensions affect the interdependence underlying social interactions (e.g. potential recipients of reputational benefits, degree of dependence) and the extent to which reputation systems promote cooperation. To do so, we review the interdisciplinary literature that illustrates how reputation systems are shaped by the variation of prominent ecological features. Finally, we discuss the implications of a socio-ecological approach to the study of reputation and outline potential avenues for future research.
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