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| 4. |
- Gossec, L., et al.
(författare)
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European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies : 2015 update
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Books. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 75:3, s. 499-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Since the publication of the European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in 2012, new evidence and new therapeutic agents have emerged. The objective was to update these recommendations.METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed regarding pharmacological treatment in PsA. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated based on the evidence and the expert opinion of the 34 Task Force members. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations were allocated.RESULTS: The updated recommendations comprise 5 overarching principles and 10 recommendations, covering pharmacological therapies for PsA from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), to conventional synthetic (csDMARD) and biological (bDMARD) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, whatever their mode of action, taking articular and extra-articular manifestations of PsA into account, but focusing on musculoskeletal involvement. The overarching principles address the need for shared decision-making and treatment objectives. The recommendations address csDMARDs as an initial therapy after failure of NSAIDs and local therapy for active disease, followed, if necessary, by a bDMARD or a targeted synthetic DMARD (tsDMARD). The first bDMARD would usually be a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. bDMARDs targeting interleukin (IL)12/23 (ustekinumab) or IL-17 pathways (secukinumab) may be used in patients for whom TNF inhibitors are inappropriate and a tsDMARD such as a phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitor (apremilast) if bDMARDs are inappropriate. If the first bDMARD strategy fails, any other bDMARD or tsDMARD may be used.CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations provide stakeholders with an updated consensus on the pharmacological treatment of PsA and strategies to reach optimal outcomes in PsA, based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & European League Against Rheumatism.
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- Hashemi, Seyed Ehsan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Triggering of guiding and antiguiding effects in GaN-based VCSELs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show numerically that many recently proposed GaN-based VCSEL cavities, with DBR mirrors deposited onto the current aperture, balance dangerously close to the border between the guided and antiguided regime. A guided cavity is often preferred because of its lower optical loss, but a strongly antiguided cavity offers built-in modal discrimination favoring single fundamental mode operation. We show that very small changes in the VCSEL structure are sufficient to strongly change the guiding character of the VCSEL cavity, and that thermal lensing caused by device self-heating under operation can dramatically reduce the optical loss but not the modal discrimination in the antiguided cavities.
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| 11. |
- Ljungdahl, M, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial translocation in experimental shock is dependent on the strains in the intestinal flora.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 35, s. 389-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Enteric microorganisms are responsible for a significant proportion of post-surgical infections. Intestinal mucosal injury may permit translocation of bacteria and endotoxin. This study investigates translocation in peritonitis and ischemia/reperfusion by inoculating different bacterial species into the small intestine.METHODS: Twenty-five pigs were monitored hemodynamically and divided into three groups: controls (C), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and peritonitis (P). Intramucosal pH (pHi) was calculated tonometrically. A perfusion tube was positioned in the ileum for inoculation of the bacterial strains. In a first study period a non-pathogenic bacterium was used, whereas Escherichia coli strains with known ability to translocate were used in a second. Blood and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were obtained for bacterial culture and endotoxin analyses.RESULTS: Mesenteric arterial blood flow and pHi decreased in groups I/R and P. Endotoxin levels increased in these groups in period 1, whereas in period 2 an increase over time was only observed in group P. No bacterial translocation to blood or MLNs occurred in period 1. In period 2 bacteria translocated to MLNs in all animals, including controls. Translocation to central and/or mesenteric venous blood was found in all groups, but mainly in I/R and P. The incidence of mucosal injury was similar in the two periods.CONCLUSIONS: Since positive blood and MLN samples were only found in period 2, we conclude that translocation of bacteria seems to be more dependent on the presence of translocating strains in the intestinal bacterial flora than on the mucosal insult.
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| 12. |
- Mohammed Taha, Hiba, et al.
(författare)
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The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE) : facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide.Results: The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101).Conclusions: The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/).
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- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the food-web structure and bioaccumulation patterns of organic contaminants in a climate-altered Bothnian Sea mesocosms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to alter global temperature and precipitation patterns resulting in complex environmental impacts. The proposed higher precipitation in northern Scandinavia would increase runoff from land, hence increase the inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in coastal regions. This could promote heterotrophic bacterial production and shift the food web structure, by favoring the microbial food web. The altered climate is also expected to affect transport and availability of organic micropollutants (MPs), with downstream effects on exposure and accumulation in biota. This study aimed to assess climate-induced changes in a Bothnian Sea food web structure as well as bioaccumulation patterns of MPs. We performed a mesocosms-study, focusing on aquatic food webs with fish as top predator. Alongside increased temperature, mesocosm treatments included tDOM and MP addition. The tDOM addition affected nutrient availability and boosted both phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in our fairly shallow mesocosms. The increased tDOM further benefitted flagellates, ciliates and mesozooplankton, while the temperature increase and MP addition had minor effect on those organism groups. Temperature, on the other hand, had a negative impact on fish growth and survival, whereas tDOM and MP addition only had minor impact on fish. Moreover, there were indications that bioaccumulation of MPs in fish either increased with tDOM addition or decreased at higher temperatures. If there was an impact on bioaccumulation, moderately lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.6 - 4.6) were generally affected by tDOM addition and more lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.8 to 6.4) were generally affected by increased temperature. This study suggest that both increased temperatures and addition of tDOM likely will affect bioaccumulation patterns of MPs in shallow coastal regions, albeit with counteracting effects.
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| 18. |
- Brodin, N., et al.
(författare)
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Coaching patients with early rheumatoid arthritis to healthy physical activity : A multicenter, randomized, controlled study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 59:3, s. 325-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the effect of a 1-year coaching program for healthy physical activity on perceived health status, body function, and activity limitation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. A total of 228 patients (169 women, 59 men, mean age 55 years, mean time since diagnosis 21 months) were randomized to 2 groups after assessments with the EuroQol visual analog scale (VAS), Grippit, Timed-Stands Test, Escola Paulista de Medicina Range of Motion scale, walking in a figure-of-8, a visual analog scale for pain, the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, a self-reported physical activity questionnaire, and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. All patients were regularly seen by rheumatologists and underwent rehabilitation as prescribed. Those in the intervention group were further individually coached by a physical therapist to reach or maintain healthy physical activity (=30 minutes, moderately intensive activity, most days of the week). Results. The retention rates after 1 year were 82% in the intervention group and 85% in the control group. The percentages of individuals in the intervention and control groups fulfilling the requirements for healthy physical activity were similar before (47% versus 51%, P > 0.05) and after (54% versus 44%, P > 0.05) the intervention. Analyses of outcome variables indicated improvements in the intervention group over the control group in the EuroQol VAS (P = 0.025) and muscle strength (Timed-Stands Test, P = 0.000) (Grippit, P = 0.003), but not in any other variables assessed. Conclusion. A 1-year coaching program for healthy physical activity resulted in improved perceived health status and muscle strength, but the mechanisms remain unclear, as self-reported physical activity at healthy level did not change. © 2008, American College of Rheumatology.
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| 19. |
- Bychkov, D, et al.
(författare)
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Deep learning based tissue analysis predicts outcome in colorectal cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 3395-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image-based machine learning and deep learning in particular has recently shown expert-level accuracy in medical image classification. In this study, we combine convolutional and recurrent architectures to train a deep network to predict colorectal cancer outcome based on images of tumour tissue samples. The novelty of our approach is that we directly predict patient outcome, without any intermediate tissue classification. We evaluate a set of digitized haematoxylin-eosin-stained tumour tissue microarray (TMA) samples from 420 colorectal cancer patients with clinicopathological and outcome data available. The results show that deep learning-based outcome prediction with only small tissue areas as input outperforms (hazard ratio 2.3; CI 95% 1.79–3.03; AUC 0.69) visual histological assessment performed by human experts on both TMA spot (HR 1.67; CI 95% 1.28–2.19; AUC 0.58) and whole-slide level (HR 1.65; CI 95% 1.30–2.15; AUC 0.57) in the stratification into low- and high-risk patients. Our results suggest that state-of-the-art deep learning techniques can extract more prognostic information from the tissue morphology of colorectal cancer than an experienced human observer.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dent, R. M., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale insertional mutagenesis of Chlamydomonas supports phylogenomic functional prediction of photosynthetic genes and analysis of classical acetate-requiring mutants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 82:2, s. 337-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga that is a key model organism in the study of photosynthesis and oxidative stress. Here we describe the large-scale generation of a population of insertional mutants that have been screened for phenotypes related to photosynthesis and the isolation of 459 flanking sequence tags from 439 mutants. Recent phylogenomic analysis has identified a core set of genes, named GreenCut2, that are conserved in green algae and plants. Many of these genes are likely to be central to the process of photosynthesis, and they are over-represented by sixfold among the screened insertional mutants, with insertion events isolated in or adjacent to 68 of 597 GreenCut2 genes. This enrichment thus provides experimental support for functional assignments based on previous bioinformatic analysis. To illustrate one of the uses of the population, a candidate gene approach based on genome position of the flanking sequence of the insertional mutant CAL027_01_20 was used to identify the molecular basis of the classical C. reinhardtii mutation ac17. These mutations were shown to affect the gene PDH2, which encodes a subunit of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The mutants and associated flanking sequence data described here are publicly available to the research community, and they represent one of the largest phenotyped collections of algal insertional mutants to date.
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| 23. |
- Gebski, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-thin VCSELs based on monolithic subwavelength high-index contrast surface gratings
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2016. ; , s. 653-654
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present for the first time the measured power reflectance of GaAs monolithic high index contrast surface gratings (MHCGs) and computer simulations of various reduced-vertical-dimension VCSEL designs that employ these MHCG structures. We demonstrate the first optically-pumped MHCG DBR VCSELs with emission near 980 nm.
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| 24. |
- Gierl, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Tuneable VCSEL aiming for the application in interconnects and short haul systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819484963 ; 7959
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Widely tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) are of high interest for optical communications, gas spectroscopy and fiber-Bragg-grating measurements. In this paper we present tunable VCSEL operating at wavelength around 850 nm and 1550 nm with tuning ranges up to 20 nm and 76 nm respectively. The first versions of VCSEL operating at 1550 nm with 76 nm tuning range and an output power of 1.3mW were not designed for high speed modulation, but for applications where only stable continious tuning is essential (e.g. gas sensing). The next step was the design of non tunable VCSEL showing high speed modulation frequencies of 10 GHz with side mode supression ratios beyond 50 dB. The latest version of these devices show record output powers of 6.7mW at 20 °C and 3mW at 80 °C. The emphasis of our present and future work lies on the combination of both technologies. The tunable VCSEL operating in the 850 nm-region reaches a modulation bandwidth of 5.5GHz with an output power of 0.8mW.
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| 30. |
- Haglund, B, et al.
(författare)
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Is moist snuff use associated with excess risk of IHD or stroke? A longitudinal follow-up of snuff users in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:6, s. 618-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The potential risks of Swedish moist snuff (snus) are debated and studies have shown diverging results. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is any excess risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke from snuff use. Methods: The Swedish Survey of Living Conditions from 1988—89 was record-linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register to investigate excess mortality and hospitalization from IHD and stroke. A Poisson regression model was used and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for snuff and smoking were calculated controlling for age, physical activity, self-reported health, number of longstanding illnesses, residential area, and socioeconomic position. Results: Among snuff users there were no excess risks of mortality or hospitalization from IHD (IRR 0.8; 0.5—1.2,) or stroke (IRR 1.1; 0.7—1.8), but, as expected, clear excess risks were found for smokers (IRR 1.7; 1.4—2.1 for IHD, and IRR 1.4; 1.0—1.9 for stroke). Conclusions: This study has not shown any excess risk among users of snuff for IHD or stroke. If there is a risk associated with snuff it is evidently much lower than those associated with smoking.
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| 31. |
- Haglund, Erik, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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30 GHz bandwidth 850 nm VCSEL with sub-100 fJ/bit energy dissipation at 25-50 Gbit/s
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 51:14, s. 1096-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-speed and energy-efficient oxide-confined 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) for optical interconnects is presented. A record-high modulation bandwidth of 30 GHz is reached for a 3.5 mu m oxide aperture VCSEL, with 25 GHz bandwidth already at a bias current of 1.8 mA. The high bandwidth at low currents enables energy-efficient transmission with a dissipated heat energy in the VCSEL of
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| 32. |
- Haglund, Erik, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of post-growth wavelength setting of VCSELs using high-contrast gratings
- 2016
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 24:3, s. 1999-2005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate, for the first time, post-growth wavelength setting of electrically-injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) by using high-contrast gratings (HCGs) with different grating parameters. By fabricating HCGs with different duty cycle and period, the HCG reflection phase can be varied, in effect giving different optical cavity lengths for HCG-VCSELs with different grating parameters. This enables fabrication of monolithic multi-wavelength HCG-VCSEL arrays for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The GaAs HCG is suspended in air by removing a sacrificial layer of InGaP. Electrically-injected 980-nm HCG-VCSELs with sub-mA threshold currents indicate high reflectivity from the GaAs HCGs. Lasing over a wavelength span of 15 nm was achieved, enabling a 4-channel WDM array with 5 nm channel spacing. A large wavelength setting span was enabled by an air-coupled cavity design and the use of only the HCG as top mirror.
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| 33. |
- Haglund, Erik, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays using high-contrast gratings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781510606678 ; 10113
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of a high-contrast grating (HCG) as the top mirror in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) allows for setting the resonance wavelength by the grating parameters in a post-epitaxial growth fabrication process. Using this technique, we demonstrate electrically driven multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays at ∼980 nm wavelength. The VCSELs are GaAs-based and the suspended GaAs HCGs were fabricated using electron-beam lithography, dry etching and selective removal of an InGaP sacrificial layer. The air-coupled cavity design enabled 4-channel arrays with 5 nm wavelength spacing and sub-mA threshold currents thanks to the high HCG reflectance.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Haglund, Åsa, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Progress and challenges in electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9892
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is an established optical source in short-distance optical communication links, computer mice and tailored infrared power heating systems. Its low power consumption, easy integration into two-dimensional arrays, and low-cost manufacturing also make this type of semiconductor laser suitable for application in areas such as high-resolution printing, medical applications, and general lighting. However, these applications require emission wavelengths in the blue-UV instead of the established infrared regime, which can be achieved by using GaN-based instead of GaAs-based materials. The development of GaN-based VCSELs is challenging, but during recent years several groups have managed to demonstrate electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs with close to 1 mW of optical output power and threshold current densities between 3-16 kA/cm2. The performance is limited by challenges such as achieving high-reflectivity mirrors, vertical and lateral carrier confinement, efficient lateral current spreading, accurate cavity length control and lateral optical mode confinement. This paper summarizes different strategies to solve these issues in electrically pumped GaN-VCSELs together with state-of-the-art results. We will highlight our work on combined transverse current and optical mode confinement, where we show that many structures used for current confinement result in unintentionally optically anti-guided resonators. Such resonators can have a very high optical loss, which easily doubles the threshold gain for lasing. We will also present an alternative to the use of distributed Bragg reflectors as high-reflectivity mirrors, namely TiO2/air high contrast gratings (HCGs). Fabricated HCGs of this type show a high reflectivity (>95%) over a 25 nm wavelength span.
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| 41. |
- Jonasson, J M, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies-a population-based follow-up study in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 52:9, s. 1745-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In the light of a report suggesting that insulin glargine may increase cancer occurrence, the EASD asked us to perform this study. METHODS: We followed 114,841 individuals who had a prescription dispensed for insulin between 1 July and 31 December 2005. From 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2007, we noted the occurrence of malignancies. Seven different nationwide registers were used to obtain information on insulin exposure, outcome and possible confounders; these were linked using the unique personal identity number assigned to every Swedish resident. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and, when appropriate, sex, users of insulin glargine alone (no other types of insulin), compared with users of types of insulin other than insulin glargine, had an RR of 1.99 (95% CI 1.31-3.03) for breast cancer, 0.93 (95% CI 0.61-1.40) for gastrointestinal cancer, 1.27 (95% CI 0.89-1.82) for prostate cancer and 1.07 (95% CI 0.91-1.27) for any type of malignancy. Adjustment for age, smoking, BMI, age at onset of diabetes, age at birth of first child, cardiovascular disease and oestrogen use gave an RR for breast cancer of 1.97 (95% CI 1.29-3.00). The 95% CIs crossed 1.0 for the RR calculated in all analyses of users of insulin glargine in combination with other types of insulin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In Sweden, during 2006 and 2007, women using insulin glargine alone (no other types of insulin) had an increased incidence rate of breast cancer as compared with women using types of insulin other than insulin glargine. This result may be due to a random fluctuation; the possibilities for examining validity are limited, and no statistically significant results were obtained for any other individual cancer site or for the outcome 'all malignancies'. No definitive conclusions regarding a possible causal relationship between insulin glargine use and the occurrence of malignancies can be drawn from the results of this study.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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1060 nm VCSELs for long-reach optical interconnects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9912 .- 1068-5200. ; 44, s. 36-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reach extension of high capacity optical interconnects based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and multimode fibers (MMFs), as needed for large-scale data centers, would benefit from high-speed GaAs-based VCSELs at 1060 nm. At this wavelength, the chromatic dispersion and attenuation of the optical fiber are much reduced in comparison with 850 nm. We present single and multimode 1060 nm VCSELs based on designs derived partly from our high-speed 850 nm VCSEL designs. The single-mode VCSEL, with a modulation bandwidth exceeding 22 GHz, supports back-to-back data rates up to 50 Gbps at 25 °C and 40 Gbps at 85 °C under binary NRZ (OOK) modulation. Using mode-selective launch, we demonstrate error-free 25 Gbps transmission over 1000 m of 1060 nm optimized MMF. Higher data rates and/or longer distances will be possible with equalization, forward-error-correction, and/or multilevel modulation.
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| 45. |
- Lin, YB, et al.
(författare)
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Telomerase promoter mutations and copy number alterations in solitary fibrous tumours
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical pathology. - : BMJ. - 1472-4146 .- 0021-9746. ; 71:9, s. 832-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an infrequently metastasising mesenchymal tumour defined by the NAB2–STAT6 fusion gene. Activating mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene promoter has been reported to associate with adverse patient outcome in SFTs.MethodsWe analysed the hTERT gene for promoter mutations and copy number alterations in 43 primary extrameningeal SFTs (9 malignant and 34 benign tumours according to WHO 2013 criteria), six local recurrences and three metastatic lesions.ResultsActivating −124 C>T (n=12) or −148 C>T (n=2) mutations were found in 33% of the tumours and associated with older age (P=0.006), necrosis (P=0.009), higher mitotic rate (P=0.003), nuclear atypia (P=0.002), malignant histological diagnosis (P=0.04) and worse progression-free survival (P=0.023). We also observed frequent (24%) hTERT promoter mutations in histologically benign tumours without metastasis (mean follow-up >9 years), and in 14%–18% of low-risk SFTs as determined by three risk-stratification models. Mutations were seen in 2/6 metastatic tumours and metastatic lesions. hTERT copy number gain was seen in 11/28 hTERT promoter wild-type cases.ConclusionsActivating hTERT promoter mutations associate with aggressive histopathological features, indicating a role in tumour progression. Given the comparatively high prevalence of hTERT promoter mutations in low-risk and non-metastasising lesions, further studies are required to clarify the prognostic value of hTERT promoter analysis before implementing the analysis in clinical diagnostics.
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