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| 2. |
- Almroth, Gabriel, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on hepatitis B infections and the efficacy of vaccination (hepatitis B and pneumococci) in dialysis patients.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Upsala journal of medical sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 108:1, s. 61-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatitis B is a well known problem in dialysis units. We therefore examined the historical frequency of hepatitis B carriers in our unit, our vaccination program to hepatitis B virus (HBV), the response to hepatitis B vaccine, the IgG subclass response of anti-HBs and the response and IgG subclass response to pneumococcal vaccination (another vaccine) in dialysis patients. From 1970 and onwards 23 HBV carriers were found, but no new cases of hepatitis B occurred during the study period, i.e. from 1980 and onwards. Only one of the carriers was alive by the end of 2001. In four patients liver disease (in one of them liver cirrhosis) may have been a concomitant cause of death. The antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine was significantly lower in patients than in staff. In four patients a fourth injection was cancelled due to transplantation and bad health, while such data were lacking in 8 cases. In anti-HBs positive patients and controls a significant difference in the response of healthy adults was observed in anti-HBs IgG1 (p < 0.001) vs all other IgG subclasses. Dialysis patients had low levels, or negative findings, in all cases, with IgG1 as the highest proportion found (3/11 patients). An antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination was registered in 25 out of 29 dialysis patients (in all 86%). The IgG-subclass vaccination response to pneumococci in 28 dialysis patients was mainly IgG2 and IgG1 but also occurred in IgG3 and IgG4. Prevaccination antibody levels of the controls were higher in IgG1 and IgG2 (p < 0.01) (n = 21) than in dialysis patients (n = 28). Hepatitis B is nowadays a rare, but still dangerous disease in nephrology units. Dialysis patients have a reduced response to hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination schedules should be started early as some patients otherwise may not receive a fourth injection. The adequate antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination mainly due to IgG2 and IgG1 antibodies indicates that the antigen involved is important in vaccination responses in dialysis patients.
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| 5. |
- Hanson, Lars Åke, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Immune function
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in experimental medicine and biology. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. ; 639, s. 97-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Padyukov, L., et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in promoter region of IL10 gene is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in women
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Rheumatol. - 0315-162X. ; 31:3, s. 422-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a genetically complex disease with many possible phenotypes. We investigated IL10 and TNFA gene polymorphisms in a group of Swedish women and men with RA compared with healthy individuals to estimate combinations of alleles specific for the disease. METHODS: We analyzed 264 patients with RA and 286 healthy controls for biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the -308 position of the TNFA and in the -1087 position of the IL10 gene by polymerase chain reaction with restriction endonuclease mapping. RESULTS: The frequencies of the -308 TNFA genotypes were not different in women and men with RA in comparison to the controls. In contrast, frequencies of the GG, AG, and AA -1087 IL10 genotypes were significantly different in women in the investigated groups: 26%, 58%, and 15% for RA patients and 24%, 54%, and 28% for the controls (chi-square = 8.18, p < 0.02). We confirmed this finding in a separate dataset of female patients and controls. The frequencies of the IL10 genotypes in men were similar in the patients and controls. We found no differences in the distribution of the TNFA or IL10 genotypes in relation to rheumatoid factor in the patients. CONCLUSION: On the basis of IL10 polymorphism, female patients with RA seem to represent a separate disease subgroup.
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| 10. |
- Wramner, Lars, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired kidney graft survival is associated with the TNF-alpha genotype
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 78:1, s. 117-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The TNF2 allele at position -308 of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene is associated with high TNF production. The purpose was to study the association of this gene polymorphism with rejection episodes and graft survival after kidney transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of transplant outcomes of patients who only had been treated with one single form of immunosuppression consisting of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolon was performed. RESULTS: We found that 115 (73%) patients had the TNF1/TNF1 genotype, whereas 42 (27%) were TNF2 positive. There was no difference in the overall acute rejection frequency between these two groups (50% in each), but our data showed a non-significant tendency towards a higher frequency of steroid resistant rejections in the TNF2 positive group (57% vs. 40%). There was no significant difference in graft survival between the two genotype groups, although an early tendency towards worse survival was seen in TNF2 recipients. However, the TNF2 positive recipients with rejection episodes had far worse graft survival compared with the TNF1/TNF1 recipients with rejection episodes (P<0.02). No difference was seen between the two genotype groups in patients without rejection episodes. CONCLUSION: Our data propose that potentially high TNF producers with the TNF2 allele do not have an increased risk for rejection episodes, but if rejection episodes occur, they have a significantly increased risk for early graft loss. TNF production may intensify rejection, but is not a primary factor for the induction of such acute immune activation.
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| 13. |
- Almroth, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Inflammation Markers in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 78:3, s. 285-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sera from 84 haemodialysis (HD) patients and 68 healthy blood donors were analysed with commercially available ELISA techniques for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (Il-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), to find a possible correlation of FGF-23 and HGF with the earlier recognized inflammatory markers Il-6 and hs-CRP or suPAR. All patients studied had significantly elevated levels of FGF-23, HGF, hs-CRP and suPAR as compared to the controls. Il-6 and hs-CRP correlated for patients (R=0.6) as well as for patients and controls altogether. Ln (natural logarithm) of HGF correlated weakly with Ln Il-6 and Ln CRP (R 0.28-0.37). Ln FGF-23 correlated only with Ln HGF (r=-0.25) in controls. Ln HGF correlated with ln suPAR (r=0.6) in both patients and controls. Although elevated as compared to controls, we found no correlation of FGF-23 with the recognized inflammatory markers Il-6, hs-CRP, nor HGF or the new marker suPAR in HD patients. Ln HGF correlated with Ln Il-6, Ln CRP and Ln suPAR. Although probably involved in vessel disease, FGF-23 and HGF may play other roles than acting in inflammatory vessel disease in HD patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of these immunological markers in chronic haemodialysis patients with atherosclerosis.
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| 15. |
- Almroth, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Sclerostin, TNF-alpha and Interleukin-18 Correlate and are Together with Klotho Related to Other Growth Factors and Cytokines in Haemodialysis Patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 83:1, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with chronic renal failure are known to have renal osteodystrophy (bone disease) and increased calcification of vessels. A new marker of bone disease, sclerostin, the two pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) receptor-associated marker Klotho were tested in 84 haemodialysis (HD) patients and in healthy controls. The patients had significantly higher levels of the three former markers than of the controls while Klotho was significantly higher in the controls. Low level, but significant, correlations were observed in the patient group when the levels of these four markers were compared to each other and to those of 5 cytokines and growth factors tested earlier; high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR). Ln sclerostin correlated positively to Ln hsTNF-alpha, Ln HGF and Ln suPAR. Ln hsTNF-alpha correlated positively to Ln sclerostin, Ln hsCRP, Ln IL-6, Ln FGF-23, Ln suPAR and Ln IL-18. Ln IL-18 correlated positively to Ln suPAR and Ln TNF-alpha. Ln Klotho correlated negatively to Ln hsCRP but did not correlate to Ln FGF-23. The markers studied here may be involved in the calcification of vessels seen in HD patients due to a combination of inflammation and bone disease. The mechanisms are still not fully known but may be of importance for future therapeutic possibilities in this group of patients.
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| 18. |
- Ek, Torben, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia reduces immune responses to diphtheria, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. - 1077-4114. ; 26:11, s. 727-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Immunity to diphtheria toxoid (D), tetanus toxoid (T), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is affected in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aims were to examine immunity and to compare the response to immunization at 1 or 6 months after treatment. METHODS: Thirty-one patients were immunized with DT and conjugated Hib vaccine (ActHib) at 1 month or 6 months after treatment of ALL with the NOPHO 92 protocol. Antibody levels were determined before and 3 weeks after vaccination. Specific T and Hib antibody-secreting cells of IgG/IgA/IgM isotypes were analyzed in peripheral blood using an ELISPOT technique. RESULTS: All specific antibody levels decreased during ALL treatment, and protective levels after treatment were noted for 17% against D, 33% against T, and 100% against Hib. No high-risk patient had full D or T protection after treatment. After vaccination all the standard- and intermediate-risk patients achieved full protection against D, T, and Hib. The high-risk group showed insufficient immune response (full protection after vaccination: D 56%, T 22%, Hib 78%). No difference was found between vaccination at 1 month or 6 months after treatment. The poor antibody production in the high-risk group correlated to low numbers of antibody-secreting cells. CONCLUSIONS: Nonprotective antibody levels against D, T, and Hib after childhood ALL are more common than previously thought. Insufficient immune response was restricted to the high-risk group and was related to a low number of memory B cells in this study. Immunizations should be included in follow-up after childhood ALL, and the policy should be adapted to treatment intensity.
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| 22. |
- Hahn-Zoric, M, et al.
(författare)
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Variable increases of IgG and IgM antibodies in milk of IgA deficient women.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 0905-6157. ; 8:3, s. 127-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum, milk and saliva from seven IgA deficient mothers were studied for the presence of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to Escherichia coli and poliovirus antigens. Different variable patterns were obtained. One mother had very much increased IgM and IgG antibodies in milk and saliva against both antigens; the milk IgG antibodies were 11-14 times higher than the reference milk pool. Another mother showed also striking increases of both IgM and IgG antibodies in milk, as well as in saliva where the increases were much higher for the poliovirus than the E. coli antibodies. Yet another mother showed a certain increase of IgM but not of IgG antibodies in the milk. The uneven appearance of IgG and IgM antibodies in serum and secretions suggests local production. So do the differences of antibody avidities, the variations in IgG subclass distribution of antibodies and different patterns after isoelectric focusing (IEF)/immunoblotting analysis of antibody spectrotypes in secretions and serum. The study illustrates the variable patterns of compensatory increases of IgG and IgM antibodies which may occur in IgA deficiency. It also shows that the milk from IgA deficient mothers can still be rich in antibodies, in spite of the lack of secretory IgA.
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| 24. |
- Hultgren, O, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentration of interleukin-18 is up-regulated in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 40:7, s. 529-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated circulating interleukin-18 concentrations in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (ASV) and healthy control subjects, and included a group of hemodialysis patients, a patient group previously reported to show high IL-18 plasma levels. Anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) serum levels were also measured. Interestingly we found significantly increased serum IL-18 concentrations in ASV patients as compared to healthy controls, 437 vs. 185 pg/ml (p < 0.0001). The increase of IL-18 production was similar irrespective of presence of autoantibodies to PR3 or MPO. As expected the hemodialysis patients also showed significantly increased circulating IL-18 concentrations as compared to control subjects.
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