| 1. |
- Tounkara, Fode, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing the seismic attributes, structural and petrophysical analyses of the Lower Goru Formation: A case study from Middle Indus Basin Pakistan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-6463. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research is to delineate the structures of the Lower Goru Formation, investigate fluid properties, and clarify the hydrocarbon-prone areas through seismic attributes analysis. First, the acquired data was matched by the interpretation datum. Structural analysis was done by performing horizon interpretation, fault interpretation, and contour mapping on the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. Hydrocarbon zones were marked with the help of attribute analysis on seismic sections and were justified by petrophysical analysis. An integrated approach such as seismic structural interpretation, seismic attribute, spectral decomposition, and petrophysical analyses was used in current research to better understand geological structure and features. This research showed that normal faults are present in the area showing negative flower structure, horst and graben, and faults oriented north-west to south-east. The contour map shows structural inclination and faults bound closure near well locations. Variance attribute and spectral decomposition attribute were used to verify horizon lineation and fault behavior. Instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase attributes justify hydrocarbon bearing zones, and bright spots are present on seismic sections at C–Interval of Lower Goru Formation. Petrophysical analysis of the available wells showed a number of significant hydrocarbon zones having more than 55% of hydrocarbon saturation at the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. The four possible reservoir zones in Sawan-02 well, two zones in Sawan-07 well, and three zones in Sawan-09 well are identified based on well data interpretation. Based on these analyses, the area of interest has a very good reservoir potential, structural closure, and visible bright spots. The current finding of this research will be helpful for future exploration and development of the Sawan area.
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| 2. |
- Ehsan, Muhsan, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated study for seismic structural interpretation and reservoir estimation of Sawan gas field, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The information about the subsurface structure, type of fluids present in the reservoir, and physical properties of the rocks is essential for identifying potential leads. The integrated approach of petrophysical analysis, seismic data interpretation, seismic attributes analysis, lithology, mineralogy identification, and Gassmann fluid substitution were used for this purpose. The structural interpretation with the help of seismic data indicated the extensional regime with horst and graben structures in the study area. The two negative flower structures are cutting the entire Cretaceous deposits. The depth contour map also indicate favorable structures for hydrocarbon accumulation. The four possible reservoir zones in the Sawan-01 well and two zones in the Judge-01 well at B sand and C sand levels are identified based on well data interpretation. The main lithology of the Lower Goru Formation is sandstone with thin beds of shale. The clay types confirm the marine depositional environment for Lower Goru Formation. The water substitution in the reservoir at B sand and C sand levels indicated increased P-wave velocity and density. The water substitution affected the shear wave velocity varies slightly due to density changes. The cross plots of P-impedance versus Vp/Vs ratio differentiate the sandstone with low P-impedance and low Vp/Vs ratio from shaly sandstone with high values in the reservoir area. The P-impedance and S-impedance cross plot indicate increasing gas saturation with a decrease in impedance values. The low values of Lambda-Rho and Mu-Rho indicated the gas sandstone in the cross plot.
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