| 1. |
- Ekberg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Barium Sulfate Contrast Medium on Rheology and Sensory Texture Attributes in a Model Food
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The swallowing process can be visualized using videoradiography, by mixing food with contrast medium, e.g., barium sulfate (BaSO4), making it radiopaque. The sensory properties of foods may be affected by adding this medium. Purpose: To evaluate if and to what extent sensory and rheological characteristics of mango puree were altered by adding barium sulfate to the food. Material and Methods: This study evaluated four food samples based on mango puree, with no or added barium sulfate contrast medium (0%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%), by a radiographic method, and measured sensory texture properties and rheological characteristics. The sensory evaluation was performed by an external trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. The ease of swallowing the foods was also evaluated. Results: The sensory texture properties of mango puree were significantly affected by the added barium in all evaluated attributes, as was the perception of particles. Moreover, ease of swallowing was significantly higher in the sample without added contrast medium. All samples decreased in extensional viscosity with increasing extension rate, i.e., all samples were tension thinning. Shear viscosity was not as dependent on the concentration of BaSO4 as extensional viscosity. Conclusion: Addition of barium sulfate to a model food of mango puree has a major impact on perceived sensory texture attributes as well as on rheological parameters.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hall, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory design of foods for the elderly
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 52, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Elderly persons with dysphagia need food that requires little or no chewing, that is easy to swallow and has attractive sensory characteristics. The aim was to investigate how ingredients varied according to experimental designs influence the perceived sensory, chewing and swallowing characteristics of two types of texture-modified model foods. Methods: Meat- and carrot-based, texture-modified model foods were produced. The following parameters were varied: particle size, fat content, starch and egg composition. The samples were studied using sensory analyses, focus group discussions and consumer studies. Results: The design parameters mainly had an impact on sensory texture attributes. The experts in the focus groups selected three products of each type which were regarded as being optimal for older persons. All the products contained a high proportion of egg yolk and a low amount of starch. Older consumers considered all the selected products to be easy to chew and swallow. The differences between older persons in nursing homes compared to those living in their own homes could be linked to health. Conclusions: Optimization of factors influencing food quality through the use of experimental designs in combination with sensory and consumer studies is required in order to meet the needs and demands of older people.
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| 4. |
- Janestad, H, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of dynamic flavour properties with ordinary differential equations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 11:4, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common way to analyse sensory dynamic measurements (time-intensity, TI) is to extract some characteristic parameters from the resulting curve such as 'intensity maximum' and 'area under the curve'. In order to get more information from TI data, a general mathematical model was developed. The model was based on the theory for ordinary differential equations. The solutions were characterised by their eigenvalues, which might be correlated to recipe and process. As an example, the temporal perception of chocolate flavour has been measured and modelled. In addition the classical characteristic TI parameters could easily be calculated by the model.
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| 5. |
- Undeland, I, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing lipid oxidation during recovery of functional proteins from herring (Clupea harengus) fillets by an acid solubilization process
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 53:14, s. 5625-5634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has previously been found that a process based on solubilization at pH 2.7 gives high yields of herring muscle proteins with good functionality. In this study, the development of lipid oxidation during acid processing of herring mince was studied. It was tested how modifications of the process conditions and/or additions of antioxidants could prevent lipid oxidation during the actual process and then during ice storage of the protein isolates. Processing parameters evaluated were prewash of the mince, exposure time to pH 2.7, inclusion or exclusion of a high-speed centrifugation, and addition of antioxidants. Antioxidants tested were erythorbate (0.2%, 9.3 mM), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP; 0.2%, 5.4 mM), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 0.044%, 1.5 mM), and milk proteins (4%). The first three antioxidants were added in the prewash or during the homogenization step, whereas milk proteins were added to the final precipitate. At time 0, all isolates were analyzed for pH, moisture content, and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). Selected isolates were also analyzed for lipid and protein content. Stability during ice storage was followed in terms of odor, TBARS, and color (a*/b* values). Extensive lipid oxidation took place using the "control" process without high-speed centrifugation. This was not significantly (p <= 0.05) affected by a prewash or varied exposure time to pH 2.7. Including high-speed centrifugation (20 min, 10000g) significantly (p <= 0.05) reduced TBARS values, total lipids, a* values and b* values. Erythorbate alone, or in combination with STPP/EDTA, significantly (p <= 0.05) reduced lipid oxidation during processing if added in the prewash or homogenization step. During ice storage, better stability was gained when antioxidants were added in both of these steps and when EDTA was used instead of STPP.
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| 6. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic analyses of sensory and microstructural properties of cream cheese
- 2000
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 71:3, s. 363-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flavour and texture in cream cheese depend on the microstructure. The objective of this work was to study the influence of fat content, salt content and homogenisation pressure on the microstructure and sensory properties of cream cheese. Twelve types of cream cheese were produced according to a full-factorial design, whereby the fat content was set at three levels, the salt content at two levels and the homogenisation pressure at two levels. The cheeses were analysed by a sensory panel, using both quantitative descriptive profiling and time intensity (T1) evaluation, and by using a confocal laser scanning microscope, CLSM, whereby the microstructure of the cheeses was analysed. All the design parameters had a significant influence on the flavour and texture, although fat had the largest effect. Interaction effects between the design parameters were also found to influence the character of cream cheese. The results showed that it is possible to create a cream cheese with lower fat content and with sensory attributes similar to the attributes in cream cheese with high fat content, by modification of production parameters.
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| 7. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of fat, thickener and emulsifier contents on salad dressing : Static and dynamic sensory and rheological analyses
- 2001
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 34:4, s. 222-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of contents of fat, thickener and emulsifier in salad dressing were investigated. Twelve types of dressings were produced according to a full factorial design, whereby the fat content was set at three levels, the thickener and the emulsifier contents at vivo levels. The dressings were analysed by a sensory panel, using both quantitative descriptive profiling and time-intensity (TI) evaluation, and by instrumental/rheological measurements. The two sensory methods were related to each other and the instrumental results were related to tire sensory results. All design parameters had a significant influence on the properties of salad dressing, mainly on texture and mouthfeel. Fat content was the most influencing parameter. Inter-action effects were found and it can he concluded that the content of the emulsifier was less critical when the fat and thickener contents increased Dynamic and descriptive sensory analyses,ere mainly related to each other in the fattiness attribute. There were strong relations between instrumental and sensory analysis according to rheological and texture attributes, /r/ greater than or equal to 0.7 (Pearson correlation coefficient)for most texture attributes.
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| 8. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and analysis of dynamic sensory data
- 2003
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 14:8, s. 663-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time intensity (TI) data from earlier reported studies on cream cheese and salad dressing were used to develop models based on both polynomials and ordinary differential equations (ODE) that can be used to describe and interpret TI-data. Polynomials were thus fitted to experimental data. By taking the first and second derivatives of the polynomials one gets new polynomials that express how the perceived intensity changes with time. By integrating the original polynomial one gets a new polynomial that expresses how the classical TI-parameter "Area Under the Curve" is accumulated with time. Graphical display of all these types of polynomials gives an immediate and easily interpretable impression of the influence of different experimental factors on the time dependent perception. In the ODE models experimental factors, both formula and process conditions, were taken into account. Thus it was possible to develop equations that can be used for prediction of TI-curves for intermediate experimental settings.
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| 9. |
- Aarnio, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of PET tracers [11C]D-deprenyl, [11C]L-dideuteriumdeprenyl and [18F]FDG for Visualization of Acute Inflammation in a Rat Model of Pain - Preliminary Findings.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Positron emission tomography with the radioligand [11C]D-deprenyl has shown an increased signal at the location of pain in patients with ankle sprains, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic whiplash injury, but the mechanism of this tracer uptake and its exact binding site in inflammation or tissue injury is still unclear. The aim of this study was to further evaluate [11C]D-deprenyl´s usefulness as a marker of acute inflammation.Methods: An animal PET/CT study was performed three days after the induction of a rat model of inflammatory or surgical pain. Fourteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and three tracers [11C]D-deprenyl, [11C]L-dideuterumdeprenyl and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose were used. Results: No [11C]D-deprenyl accumulation was seen in a rat model of musculoskeletal pain. In the rat model of inflammatory pain all three ligands were shown to visualize the inflamed ankle joint with much lower uptake in the control ankle joint. The uptake was largest with [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L- dideuteriumdeprenyl, where approximately 1 % of the injected dose could be found in the affected ankle joint during the first minutes, whereas the uptake of [18F]FDG was approximately 0.5 % of the injected dose. However, the ratio of uptake of the injected ankle joint versus the control ankle joint was much higher for [18F]FDG (around 10 fold increase) than for the two deprenyl enantiomers (2 – 3 fold increase). The uptake pattern of [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L-dideuteriumdeprenyl did not show signs of specific binding or irreversible trapping.Conclusions: Contrary to our expectations, of the three tracers only [18F]FDG may be used as markers of peripheral inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory pain. However, as a high site-specificity is required, [11C]D-deprenyl and [11C]L-dideyteriumdeprenyl deserve further exploration regarding sensitivity, specificity and uptake mechanisms in human pain syndromes.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ahlgren, Mia K., et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and beliefs directed towards ready-meal consumption
- 2004
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Ingår i: Food Service Technology. - Oxford : Blackwell Science. - 1471-5732 .- 1471-5740. ; 4:4, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our food choice is dependent upon our beliefs about both the products and those who consume them. In this study beliefs about the prototypical attributes of ready meal consumers have been investigated to establish which beliefs exist and whether they have any actual basis when compared with self-reported behaviours of ready meal consumers. In a survey, respondents described what they considered to be common attributes of ready meal consumers. Some of these attributes were supported by the data provided by the ready meal consuming respondents, while many were not. Most interesting was the fact that two frequently mentioned attributes, being alone and no interest in cooking or food, were confirmed by the ready meal consuming respondents in the actual eating situation but not by their life-style and beliefs in general. The results support the call for more situation-oriented food research.
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| 17. |
- Ahlgren, Mia K., et al.
(författare)
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Buyers’ demands for ready meals : influenced by gender and who will eat them
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Foodservice. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1748-0140. ; 17:5-6, s. 205-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ready-meal market in Sweden is increasing rapidly, and in the last 10 years has nearly doubled. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the demand buyers have for ready meals, both when buying for themselves and for others. A postal survey was completed by 249 residents of Gothenburg, Sweden. Results show that the demand when buying ready meals is dependent on both gender and whether or not the buyer is the end consumer. In general, the buyers' demands for sensory and convenience aspects were the most important. Female respondents were more demanding buyers than males, and their priorities were different. The implications of the findings are that foodservice operators and producers of ready meals must pay attention to the different demands of buyers, their gender and who will be the end consumer.
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| 18. |
- Ahlgren, Mia K., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of the meal situation on the consumption of ready meals
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Consumer Studies. - : Wiley. - 1470-6423 .- 1470-6431. ; 29:6, s. 485-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The context in which a meal is eaten is known to affect intake and choice of food. The purpose of this study was to investigate in what typical situations ready meals are consumed and if consumer demands vary according to different situations. With a market survey four typical ready meal eating situations were identified, and the respondent's ready meal consumption was shown to be affected by situational factors. In the different eating situations there were dissimilar reasons for consumption. Two ready meal eating situations were investigated in greater detail in order to establish what triggered the ready meal consumption in these situations. One of these meal situations proved to be convenience driven and the other time driven. A situation-oriented approach is suggested for further ready meal product development.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Algotson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Culinary art and meal science : the meal project
- 2003
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Ingår i: Culinary arts and sciences IV. - Bournemouth : Worshipful Company of Cooks Reserach Centre at Bournemouth University, UK. - 1858991390 ; , s. 190-190
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Antoni, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Imaging of Transporters with Positron Emission Tomography
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transporters as Targets for Drugs. - Berlin : Springer. - 3540879110 - 9783540879121 - 9783540879114 ; , s. 155-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positron emission tomography (PET) visualization of brain components in vivo is a rapidly growing field. Molecular imaging with PET is also increasingly used in drug development, especially for the determination of drug receptor interaction for CNS-active drugs. This gives the opportunity to relate clinical efficacy to per cent receptor occupancy of a drug on a certain targeted receptor and to relate drug pharmacokinetics in plasma to interaction with target protein. In the present review we will focus on the study of transporters, such as the monoamine transporters, the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter, the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, and the glucose transporter using PET radioligands. Neurotransmitter transporters are presynaptically located and in vivo imaging using PET can therefore be used for the determination of the density of afferent neurons. Several promising PET ligands for the noradrenaline transporter (NET) have been labeled and evaluated in vivo including in man, but a really useful PET ligand for NET still remains to be identified. The most promising tracer to date is (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. The in vivo visualization of the dopamine transporter (DAT) may give clues in the evaluation of conditions related to dopamine, such as Parkinson's disease and drug abuse. The first PET radioligands based on cocaine were not selective, but more recently several selective tracers such as [11C]PE2I have been characterized and shown to be suitable as PET radioligands. Although there are a large number of serotonin transporter inhibitors used today as SSRIs, it was not until very recently, when [11C]McN5652 was synthesized, that this transporter was studied using PET. New candidates as PET radioligands for the SERT have subsequently been developed and [11C]DASB and [11C]MADAM and their analogues are today the most promising ligands. The existing radioligands for Pgp transporters seem to be suitable tools for the study of both peripheral and central drug–Pgp interactions, although [11C]verapamil and [18F]fluoropaclitaxel are probably restricted to use in studies of the blood–brain barrier. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is another interesting target for diagnostic imaging and [11C]DTBZ is a promising tracer. The noninvasive imaging of transporter density as a function of disease progression or availability following interaction with blocking drugs is highlighted, including the impact on both development of new therapies and the process of developing new drugs. Although CNS-related work focusing on psychiatric disorders is the main focus of this review, other applications of PET ligands, such as diagnosis of cancer, diabetes research, and drug interactions with efflux systems, are also discussed. The use of PET especially in terms of tracer development is briefly described. Finally, it can be concluded that there is an urgent need for new, selective radioligands for the study of the transporter systems in the human brain using PET.
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| 22. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17:264
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Practitioners and decision makers in the medical and insurance systems need knowledge on the relationship between work exposures and burnout. Many burnout studies -original as well as reviews-restricted their analyses to emotional exhaustion or did not report results on cynicism, personal accomplishment or global burnout. To meet this need we carried out this review and meta-analyses with the aim to provide systematically graded evidence for associations between working conditions and near-future development of burnout symptoms. Methods: A wide range of work exposure factors was screened. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Study performed in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand 1990-2013. 2) Prospective or comparable case control design. 3) Assessments of exposure (work) and outcome at baseline and at least once again during follow up 1-5 years later. Twenty-five articles met the predefined relevance and quality criteria. The GRADE-system with its 4-grade evidence scale was used. Results: Most of the 25 studies focused emotional exhaustion, fewer cynicism and still fewer personal accomplishment. Moderately strong evidence (grade 3) was concluded for the association between job control and reduced emotional exhaustion and between low workplace support and increased emotional exhaustion. Limited evidence (grade 2) was found for the associations between workplace justice, demands, high work load, low reward, low supervisor support, low co-worker support, job insecurity and change in emotional exhaustion. Cynicism was associated with most of these work factors. Reduced personal accomplishment was only associated with low reward. There were few prospective studies with sufficient quality on adverse chemical, biological and physical factors and burnout. Conclusion: While high levels of job support and workplace justice were protective for emotional exhaustion, high demands, low job control, high work load, low reward and job insecurity increased the risk for developing exhaustion. Our approach with a wide range of work exposure factors analysed in relation to the separate dimensions of burnout expanded the knowledge of associations, evidence as well as research needs. The potential of organizational interventions is illustrated by the findings that burnout symptoms are strongly influenced by structural factors such as job demands, support and the possibility to exert control.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Benser, Jasmin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness on total homocysteine concentrations in European adolescents : The HELENA study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. - : Center for Academic Publications Japan. - 0301-4800 .- 1881-7742. ; 61:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the association of physical activity (PA), cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in European adolescents. The present study comprised 713 European adolescents aged 14.8±1.2 y (females 55.3%) from the multicenter HELENA cross-sectional study. PA was assessed through accelerometry, CVF by the 20-m shuttle run test, and body fat by skinfold thicknesses with the Slaughter equation. Plasma folate, cobalamin, and tHcy concentrations were measured. To examine the association of tHcy with PA, CVF, and fatness after controlling for a set of confounders including age, maturity, folate, cobalamin, creatinine, smoking, supplement use, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 genotype (CC 47%, CT 43%, TT 10%), bivariate correlations followed by multiple regression models were performed. In the bivariate correlation analysis, tHcy concentrations were slightly negatively correlated (p<0.0 5) with CVF in females (measured both by stages: r=-0.118 and by VO 2 max: r=-0.10 2) and positively with body mass index (r=0.10 0). However, daily time spent with moderate and vigorous PA showed a weak positive association with tHcy in females (p<0.0 5). tHcy concentrations showed a tendency to decrease with increasing CVF and increase with increasing BMI in female European adolescents. However, tHcy concentrations were positively associated with moderate and vigorous PA in female European adolescents.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bergman, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Labelling of a Piperazine-Based Library of 11C-Labeled Ligands for Imaging of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 57:8, s. 525-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cholinergic system is involved in neurodegenerative diseases, and visualization of cholinergic innervations with positron emission tomography (PET) would be a useful tool in understanding these diseases. A ligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), acknowledged as a marker for cholinergic neurons, could serve as such a PET tracer. The aim was to find a VAChT PET tracer using a library concept to create a small but diverse library of labeled compounds. From the same precursor and commercially available aryl iodides 6a-f, six potential VAChT PET tracers, [C-11]-(+/-)5a-f, were C-11-labeled by a palladium (0)-mediated aminocarbonylation, utilizing a standard protocol. The labeled compounds [C-11]-(+/-)5a-f were obtained in radiochemical purities >95% with decay-corrected radiochemical yields and specific radioactivities between 4-25% and 124-597 GBq/mu mol, respectively. Autoradiography studies were then conducted to assess the compounds binding selectivity for VAChT. Labeled compounds [C-11]-(+/-)5d and [C-11]-(+/-)5e showed specific binding but not enough to permit further preclinical studies. To conclude, a general method for a facile synthesis and labeling of a small piperazine-based library of potential PET tracers for imaging of VAChT was shown, and in upcoming work, another scaffold will be explored using this approach.
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| 28. |
- Boye, Kjetil, et al.
(författare)
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High-Dose Chemotherapy with Stem Cell Rescue in the Primary Treatment of Metastatic and Pelvic Osteosarcoma: Final Results of the ISG/SSG II Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5017 .- 1545-5009. ; 61:5, s. 840-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPatients with metastatic osteosarcoma at diagnosis or axial primary tumors have a poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of intensified treatment with high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and stem cell rescue in this group. MethodsFrom May 1996 to August 2004, 71 patients were included in a Scandinavian-Italian single arm phase II study. Preoperative chemotherapy included methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide, and postoperative treatment consisted of two cycles of doxorubicin, one cycle of cyclophosphamide and etoposide and two courses of high-dose etoposide and carboplatin with stem cell rescue. ResultsTwenty-nine patients (43%) received two courses and 10 patients (15%) received one course of HDCT. HDCT was associated with significant toxicity, but no treatment-related deaths were recorded. Fourteen patients (20%) had disease progression before completion of the study protocol, and only 29/71 patients (41%) received the full planned treatment. Median event-free survival (EFS) was 18 months, and estimated 5-year EFS was 27%. Median overall survival (OS) was 34 months, and estimated 5-year OS was 31%. When patients who did not receive HDCT due to disease progression were excluded, there was no difference in EFS (P=0.72) or OS (P=0.49) between patients who did or did not receive HDCT. ConclusionsThe administration of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue was feasible, but associated with significant toxicity. Patient outcome seemed comparable to previous studies using conventional chemotherapy. We conclude that HDCT with carboplatin and etoposide should not be further explored as a treatment strategy in high-risk osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:840-845. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 29. |
- Bredie, W.L.P., et al.
(författare)
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Methods for artificial perception : Can machine replace man?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Developments in Food Science. - 0167-4501. ; 43:C, s. 617-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previous 'Scandinavian' Weurman Flavour Symposium held in Oslo, Norway, in 1987 had as the main themes chemistry, biotechnology, sensory science and data analysis in flavour research [1]. Since then, many advances have been made, however, when comparing with the Weurman Symposium in 2005, the subject areas and topics of research have not changed very much. Flavour scientists still work with identification of aroma and taste components in foods, their formation, stability and release as well as sensory and data analytical aspects. The knowledge about flavour components in foods and the understanding of the way we perceive them has though considerably expanded. Advances have also been made in the way one can analyse flavours in foods and beverages, and measure responses from and in human subjects. One can say that the toolbox with methods and techniques for flavour analysis has expanded remarkably offering many new possibilities to understand flavour from different perspectives and levels of details. The workshop presented some state-of-the-art applications of modern in vivo and in vitro flavour analysis as well as visual sensory assessments of meals made by machines equipped with sensors and artificial networks processing capability. Also, new ways of studying multisensory processes by stimulating sensory subjects with defined stimuli were discussed. Intelligent 'artificial perception' systems may replace some routine sensory analysis and monotonous production tasks in the future, but the development of such systems still require sensory assessments by humans. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Crowther-Swanepoel, Dalemari, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at 2q37.3, 8q24.21, 15q21.3 and 16q24.1 influence chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:2, s. 132-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new risk variants for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we conducted a genome-wide association study of 299,983 tagging SNPs, with validation in four additional series totaling 2,503 cases and 5,789 controls. We identified four new risk loci for CLL at 2q37.3 (rs757978, FARP2; odds ratio (OR) = 1.39; P = 2.11 x 10(-9)), 8q24.21 (rs2456449; OR = 1.26; P = 7.84 x 10(-10)), 15q21.3 (rs7169431; OR = 1.36; P = 4.74 x 10(-7)) and 16q24.1 (rs305061; OR = 1.22; P = 3.60 x 10(-7)). We also found evidence for risk loci at 15q25.2 (rs783540, CPEB1; OR = 1.18; P = 3.67 x 10(-6)) and 18q21.1 (rs1036935; OR = 1.22; P = 2.28 x 10(-6)). These data provide further evidence for genetic susceptibility to this B-cell hematological malignancy.
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| 31. |
- Ekberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of barium sulfate contrast medium on rheology and sensory texture attributes in a model food
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The swallowing process can be visualized using videoradiography, by mixing food with contrast medium, e.g., barium sulfate (BaSO4), making it radiopaque. The sensory properties of foods may be affected by adding this medium. Purpose: To evaluate if and to what extent sensory and rheological characteristics of mango puree were altered by adding barium sulfate to the food. Material and Methods: This study evaluated four food samples based on mango puree, with no or added barium sulfate contrast medium (0%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%), by a radiographic method, and measured sensory texture properties and rheological characteristics. The sensory evaluation was performed by an external trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. The ease of swallowing the foods was also evaluated. Results: The sensory texture properties of mango puree were significantly affected by the added barium in all evaluated attributes, as was the perception of particles. Moreover, ease of swallowing was significantly higher in the sample without added contrast medium. All samples decreased in extensional viscosity with increasing extension rate, i.e., all samples were tension thinning. Shear viscosity was not as dependent on the concentration of BaSO4 as extensional viscosity. Conclusion: Addition of barium sulfate to a model food of mango puree has a major impact on perceived sensory texture attributes as well as on rheological parameters. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.
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| 32. |
- Elmadfa, I., et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of the Nutri-Senex project : A co-ordination action funded by the European commission
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 52:SUPPL. 1, s. 72-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This project's primary aim is to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly. The state of the art in age-related research and technology, to highlight the most promising areas for development, has been documented in an extensive literature report. A research database has been established to map current research activities within the European research area. Through several expert group meetings with representatives from universities, research institutions, organizations concerned with the care of the elderly, and industry, suitable technologies and policies that can improve the diet of the elderly have been identified. A legislation survey relating to aspects of nutrition of the elderly has been carried out. A set of guidelines and recommendations of best practice for use in the health and care industry have been developed. The project's results are disseminated through an enhanced website, technology transfer workshops and a staff training program. Good communication between the partners has been promoted and permanent research links have been forged. The main outputs will lead to better co-ordinated European research: less duplication of effort, more rapid commercialization, increased awareness of the problems faced by the elderly, improved guidelines and recommendations for health care professionals and policymakers. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 33. |
- Gilbert, C., et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent health and lifestyle : The HELENA project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Food Science and Technology. - 1475-3324. ; 21:4, s. 44-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HELENA is a three-year project which started in May 2005, designed to assess and enhance the nutrition and lifestyle habits of adolescents in Europe. The inclusion of five food research institutes and four food, drink and ingredient companies within the HELENA consortium highlights the importance placed on industry, as well as young consumers themselves, in understanding the issue of adolescent health and lifestyle. A minimum of 3000 adolescents have taken part in the study, where sources of data have included clinical assessments, body composition measures, food and nutrient intake, physical activity and fitness tests, blood analyses and genetics. The members of HELENA-COMS have investigated the impact of low glycaemic index products on physiological and behavioral responses in slightly overweight adolescents. The research will benefit the food and drink industry, helping it to develop and promote a range of healthy products aimed at adolescents within the European market.
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| 34. |
- Gracia-Marco, Luis A., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variation in physical activity and sedentary time in different European regions. The HELENA study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 31:16, s. 1831-1840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report aims (1) to examine the association between seasonality and physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in European adolescents and (2) to investigate whether this association was influenced by geographical location (Central-North versus South of Europe), which implies more or less extreme weather and daylight hours. Valid data on PA, sedentary time and seasonality were obtained in 2173 adolescents (1175 females; 12.5-17.5 years) included in this study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometers. ANCOVA was conducted to analyse the differences in PA and sedentary time across seasons. Results showed that girls had lower levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and average PA, and spent more time in sedentary activities in winter compared with spring (all P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed differences in PA and sedentary time between winter and spring in European girls from Central-North of Europe (P < 0.05 for sedentary time). There were no differences between PA and sedentary time across seasonality in boys. In conclusion, winter is related with less time spent in MVPA, lower average PA and higher time spent in sedentary activities in European adolescent girls, compared with spring. These differences seem to mainly occur in Central-North Europe.
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| 35. |
- Hall, Christina Bergmark, et al.
(författare)
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Brief Therapist-Guided Exposure Treatment of Panic Attacks : A Pilot Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Behavior Modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 43:4, s. 564-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-session therapist-guided exposure treatment was tested in a consecutive series of eight primary health care patients suffering from panic attacks who specifically used distraction techniques as their primary safety behavior. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale Self-Report (PDSS-SR) was administered at baseline (1-3 weeks before the first session), and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment. Weekly ratings on the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) during treatment were undertaken to explore when reliable change took place on these measures. The results showed a large within-group effect size on PDSS-SR (d = 1.63); six of the eight patients were classified as responders, and four of them showed remission. Large effect sizes (ds between 1.17 and 3.00) were seen also on BSQ and ACQ, as well as on agoraphobic avoidance, general level of anxiety, and depression. The results on BSQ and ACQ suggest that the fear of body sensations in most cases was reduced before a change occurred in agoraphobic cognitions. These results indicate that a brief three-session exposure-based treatment may be sufficient for this subgroup of panic patients. The findings need to be replicated under controlled conditions with larger samples and different therapists before more firm conclusions can be drawn. Future research should also focus on the relevance of dividing patients into subgroups based on type of safety behavior.
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| 36. |
- Hall, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of intracranial hemorrhagic complications after anterior circulation endovascular thrombectomy in relation to occlusion site : a nationwide observational register study
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Ingår i: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. - 1759-8478.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a potentially severe complication of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). However, the relationship between the incidence and severity of ICH and vascular occlusion location is not well described.OBJECTIVE: To present a comprehensive analysis of subtypes of ICHs and their relationship to the occlusion site following EVT in the anterior circulation.METHODS: All patients with anterior circulation vessel occlusion stroke (internal carotid (ICA) and middle cerebral artery's first (M1) and later segments (M2 and beyond)) registered in the two Swedish national quality registers for stroke care and endovascular therapy during 2015-2020 were included. Hemorrhagic complications identified on imaging within 36 hours post-EVT were classified according to Heidelberg Bleeding Classification and further divided into symptomatic (sICH) or non-symptomatic (non-sICH).RESULTS: Of the 3077 patients, ICH frequency was 24.2%, which included 4.5% sICH. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was the most frequent subtype of hemorrhage (10.9%). The hemorrhagic subtypes differed significantly by occlusion site, but the frequency of any bleed did not. EVT performed in and beyond the M2 more often resulted in SAH, frequently classified as non-sICH. EVT performed in the ICA was associated with more severe hemorrhages, such as intraventricular and large parenchymal hematomas, that were more often classified as sICH.CONCLUSION: In this nationwide unselected EVT cohort we found that ICH severity significantly differed between different vessel occlusion sites.
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| 37. |
- Hall, Gunnar
(författare)
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Bacteremia after oral surgical procedures and antibiotic prophylaxis
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients predisposed to infective endocarditis who are undergoing oral surgical procedures is widely accepted. Because no controlled clinical trials of antibiotic regimens for the prevention of endocarditis in humans have been done, recommendations are based on results of, e.g., prophylactic studies in animal models of endocarditis, in vitro susceptibility data of pathogens causing endocarditis, procedure-related studies of bacteremia and studies on the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of postsurgical bacteremia. The antibiotic regimens usually include agents that are highly active against viridans streptococci, since these are the most common causative bacteria in endocarditis and are frequently recovered from blood during various invasive oral procedures. Minimizing the occurrence of postoperative bacteremia has been considered to be the most important factor in the prevention of infective endocarditis and several clinical studies have shown a marked reduction in bacteremia, following dental extraction by the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. In the present studies, a lysis-filtration blood culture technique was used to investigate the incidence, type and magnitude of bacteremia following common invasive procedures performed in the oral cavity and the effects of prophylaxis with current recommended antibiotics on bacteremia in patients undergoing dental extraction. Blood samples for culture were obtained before, during and 10 minutes after the procedure. Bacteremia occurred in 100% of patients after dental extraction, in 70% after dental scaling, in 55% after third-molar surgery and after tonsillectomy, and in 20% after endodontic treatment. The incidences are generally higher than those previously reported, indicating a high sensitivity of the blood culture technique used. Anaerobic bacteria, such as actinomyces and lactobacilli, were usually predominant, while aerobic bacteria, such as staphylococci, enterococci, corynebacteria and haemophilus were isolated in low numbers. Viridans streptococci were isolated in high amounts from all five treatment groups, most frequently following dental extraction (85%) and dental scaling (55%). The elimination of bacteria from blood was rapid. In 90% of the patients, with viridans streptococci during treatment, the microorganisms were eliminated within 10 minutes. Prophylactic administration of penicillin V, amoxicillin or cefaclor did not reduce the incidence or the magnitude of bacteremia after dental extraction, as compared to placebo. No difference in bacteremia after dental extraction was noted when prophylaxis with erythromycin and clindamycin were compared. The absence of reduction in bacteremia in the prophylaxis groups was not due to high bacterial resistance to the drugs, since most of the bacterial strains isolated had MICs and MBCs well below the individual antibiotic serum concentration during the extraction. Since bacteremia after dental extraction is rapidly eliminated, the ineffectiveness of the prophylaxis is probably due to the brief period when microorganisms are exposed to the antibiotics. On the basis of the present observations, a protective effect against endocarditis probably results from clearance of microorganisms at a later stage of the infection process, rather than during the initial period of transient bacteremia. By use of MIC breakpoints recommended by the NCCLS, virtually all bacteria isolated from blood after dental extraction were classified as susceptible to penicillin V, ampicillin, cefaclor, erythromycin and clindamycin. Cefaclor was the least active drug and MBCs ±128 mg/L were observed in some viridans streptococci. These results indicate that cefaclor is not suitable as an alternative to the drugs recommended for prophylaxis of endocarditis. In a quality control study comparing the E test method with the reference agar dilution method for NUC determination of bacteria isolated from blood after dental extraction, the agreement was high. The E test MICs agreed within ±1 dilution step with the agar dilution MICs in more than 90% of the aerobic bacteria (140 strains) for penicillin V, cefaclor, clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. For anaerobic bacteria (311 strains), the agreement was 93%, 52%, 90% and 94% for the antibiotics tested. The discrepancy in agreement between the two methods concerning determination of the cefaclor MIC for anaerobic bacteria might be related to instability of cefaclor in the agar medium during anaerobic conditions or to the release and diffusion process of cefaclor from the E test strip.
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| 38. |
- Hall, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Key Odorants in Used Disposable Absorbent Incontinence Products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (WOCN). - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 44:3, s. 269-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to identify key odorants in used disposable absorbent incontinence products.DESIGN:Descriptive in vitro study SUBJECTS AND SETTING:: Samples of used incontinence products were collected from 8 residents with urinary incontinence living in geriatric nursing homes in the Gothenburg area of Sweden. Products were chosen from a larger set of products that had previously been characterized by descriptive odor analysis.METHODS:Pieces of the used incontinence products were cut from the wet area, placed in glass bottles, and kept frozen until dynamic headspace sampling of volatile compounds was completed. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was used to identify which compounds contributed most to the odors in the samples. Compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS:Twenty-eight volatiles were found to be key odorants in the used incontinence products. Twenty-six were successfully identified. They belonged to the following classes of chemical compounds: aldehydes (6); amines (1); aromatics (3); isothiocyanates (1); heterocyclics (2); ketones (6); sulfur compounds (6); and terpenes (1).CONCLUSION:Nine of the 28 key odorants were considered to be of particular importance to the odor of the used incontinence products: 3-methylbutanal, trimethylamine, cresol, guaiacol, 4,5-dimethylthiazole-S-oxide, diacetyl, dimethyl trisulfide, 5-methylthio-4-penten-2-ol, and an unidentified compound.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Hall, Josefin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The Initial Oxide Scale Development on a Model FeNiCrAl Alloy at 900 degrees C in Dry and Humid Atmosphere: A Detailed Investigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 82:3-4, s. 225-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The investigated alumina forming FeNiCrAl model alloy shows protective oxidation behavior in dry and humid environment at 900 A degrees C. Hence, this type of alloy may replace conventional chromia forming austenitic alloys in aggressive oxidizing/reducing environments. A detailed investigation of the oxide scale development reveals a complex initial scale development. Firstly, at alloy grain boundaries, a thin Al rich oxide forms which is replaced by transient alumina platelets in dry and equiaxed alpha-Al2O3 crystallites in humid atmosphere. The scale at alloy grain centers develops via a layered scale of external chromia:Fe/Ni metal inclusions:internal alumina to a layered external spinel:internal alumina scale in dry atmosphere. In humid condition an additional oxide feature appears on the center of large alloy grains i.e. thick oxide protrusions. Despite the initially different phase compositions a continuous protective alpha-Al2O3 scale forms both atmospheres.
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| 41. |
- Hall, Ulrika Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 10:11, s. 1629-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D).We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism
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| 42. |
- Hart, E. C., et al.
(författare)
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Recording sympathetic nerve activity in conscious humans and other mammals: guidelines and the road to standardization
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 312:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past several decades, studies of the sympathetic nervous system in humans, sheep, rabbits, rats, and mice have substantially increased mechanistic understanding of cardiovascular function and dysfunction. Recently, interest in sympathetic neural mechanisms contributing to blood pressure control has grown, in part because of the development of devices or surgical procedures that treat hypertension by manipulating sympathetic outflow. Studies in animal models have provided important insights into physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that are not accessible in human studies. Across species and among laboratories, various approaches have been developed to record, quantify, analyze, and interpret sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). In general, SNA demonstrates "bursting" behavior, where groups of action potentials are synchronized and linked to the cardiac cycle via the arterial baroreflex. In humans, it is common to quantify SNA as bursts per minute or bursts per 100 heart beats. This type of quantification can be done in other species but is only commonly reported in sheep, which have heart rates similar to humans. In rabbits, rats, and mice, SNA is often recorded relative to a maximal level elicited in the laboratory to control for differences in electrode position among animals or on different study days. SNA in humans can also be presented as total activity, where normalization to the largest burst is a common approach. The goal of the present paper is to put together a summary of "best practices" in several of the most common experimental models and to discuss opportunities and challenges relative to the optimal measurement of SNA across species.
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| 43. |
- Hilmi, nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification’s impacts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 160:8, s. 1773-1787
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research.
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| 44. |
- Hoseini Hooshyar, Hamed, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of H-2 and H2O on the Oxidation of 304L-Stainless Steel at 600 A degrees C: General Behaviour (Part I)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 85:3-4, s. 321-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of p(H2O) and p(H-2) on the oxidation of 304L stainless steel at 600 A degrees C has been investigated in the present study. The samples were analysed by means of X-ray diffraction, Auger spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that at fixed p(H-2), the corrosion rate increased considerably with increasing p(H2O). At fixed p(H2O), the corrosion rate decreased slightly with increasing p(H-2). Duplex oxide scales formed during the exposure in all environments. The outer and inner layer consisted of Fe3O4 and (Fe, Cr)(3)O-4, respectively. The latter was mainly in the form of internal oxidation. The Cr-rich oxide formation was observed at the initial oxidation process before oxide breakdown. The Auger analysis also suggested the presence of Cr-rich oxide layer just after the breakaway oxidation. The results indicated that the rate-determining step in the corrosion attack is surface controlled or diffusion controlled through an oxide layer with fixed thickness over time.
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| 45. |
- Janestad, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of dynamic flavour properties with ordinary differential equations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 11:4, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common way to analyse sensory dynamic measurements (time-intensity, TI) is to extract some characteristic parameters from the resulting curve such as 'intensity maximum' and 'area under the curve'. In order to get more information from TI data, a general mathematical model was developed. The model was based on the theory for ordinary differential equations. The solutions were characterised by their eigenvalues, which might be correlated to recipe and process. As an example, the temporal perception of chocolate flavour has been measured and modelled. In addition the classical characteristic TI parameters could easily be calculated by the model. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Kwak, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled trial in schools aimed at exploring mechanisms of change of a multifaceted implementation strategy for promoting mental health at the workplace
- 2022
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study will explore implementation mechanisms through which a single implementation strategy and a multifaceted implementation strategy operate to affect the implementation outcome, which is fidelity to the Guideline For The Prevention of Mental Ill Health within schools. The guideline gives recommendations on how workplaces can prevent mental ill health among their personnel by managing social and organizational risks factors in the work environment. Schools are chosen as the setting for the study due to the high prevalence of mental ill health among teachers and other personnel working in schools. The study builds on our previous research, in which we compared the effectiveness of the two strategies on fidelity to the guideline. Small improvements in guideline adherence were observed for the majority of the indicators in the multifaceted strategy group. This study will focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms of change through which the implementation strategies may operate to affect the implementation outcome. Methods: We will conduct a cluster-randomized-controlled trial among public schools (n=55 schools) in Sweden. Schools are randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive a multifaceted strategy (implementation teams, educational meeting, ongoing training, Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles) or a single strategy (implementation teams, educational meeting). The implementation outcome is fidelity to the guideline. Hypothesized mediators originate from the COM-B model. A mixed-method design will be employed, entailing a qualitative study of implementation process embedded within the cluster-randomized controlled trail examining implementation mechanisms. The methods will be used in a complementary manner to get a full understanding of the implementation mechanisms. Discussion: This implementation study will provide valuable knowledge on how implementation strategies work (or fail) to affect implementation outcomes. The knowledge gained will aid the selection of effective implementation strategies that fit specific determinants, which is a priority for the field. Despite recent initiatives to advance the understanding of implementation mechanisms, studies testing these mechanisms are still uncommon. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.org dr.nr 2020-01214.
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| 50. |
- Lin, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with obesity and cardio-metabolic indicators in European adolescents : The HELENA cross-sectional study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies suggest that dietary protein might play a beneficial role in combating obesity and its related chronic diseases. Total, animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with anthropometry and serum biomarkers in European adolescents using one standardised methodology across European countries are not well documented. Objectives: To evaluate total, animal and plant protein intakes in European adolescents stratified by gender and age, and to investigate their associations with cardio-metabolic indicators (anthropometry and biomarkers). Methods: The current analysis included 1804 randomly selected adolescents participating in the HELENA study (conducted in 2006-2007) aged 12.5-17.5 y (47% males) who completed two non-consecutive computerised 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between animal and plant protein intakes, and anthropometry and serum biomarkers were examined with General linear Model multivariate analysis. Results: Average total protein intake exceeded the recommendations of World Health Organization and European Food Safety Authority. Mean total protein intake was 96 g/d (59% derived from animal protein). Total, animal and plant protein intakes (g/d) were significantly lower in females than in males and total and plant protein intakes were lower in younger participants (12.5-14.9 y). Protein intake was significantly lower in underweight subjects and higher in obese ones; the direction of the relationship was reversed after adjustments for body weight (g/(kg.d)). The inverse association of plant protein intakes was stronger with BMI z-score and body fat percentage (BF%) compared to animal protein intakes. Additionally, BMI and BF% were positively associated with energy percentage of animal protein. Conclusions: This sample of European adolescents appeared to have adequate total protein intake. Our findings suggest that plant protein intakes may play a role in preventing obesity among European adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the potential beneficial effects observed in this study in the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases.
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