| 1. |
- Couch, Fergus J., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of four novel susceptibility loci for oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 7:11375, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common variants in 94 loci have been associated with breast cancer including 15 loci with genome-wide significant associations (P<5 x 10(-8)) with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk. In this study, to identify new ER-negative susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consisting of 4,939 ER-negative cases and 14,352 controls, combined with 7,333 ER-negative cases and 42,468 controls and 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers genotyped on the iCOGS array. We identify four previously unidentified loci including two loci at 13q22 near KLF5, a 2p23.2 locus near WDR43 and a 2q33 locus near PPIL3 that display genome-wide significant associations with ER-negative breast cancer. In addition, 19 known breast cancer risk loci have genome-wide significant associations and 40 had moderate associations (P<0.05) with ER-negative disease. Using functional and eQTL studies we implicate TRMT61B and WDR43 at 2p23.2 and PPIL3 at 2q33 in ER-negative breast cancer aetiology. All ER-negative loci combined account for similar to 11% of familial relative risk for ER-negative disease and may contribute to improved ER-negative and BRCA1 breast cancer risk prediction.
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| 2. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, 1968-
(författare)
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Essays on Household Behavior and Time-Use
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1 studies the household's decision to supply labor and tests if the so-called unitary model holds. What is subject to a test is the resulting symmetry of the Slutsky matrix, i.e., that the compensated cross-wage effects are equal. The test uses Swedish time budget data from 1984 and 1993. Contrary to most other studies from other countries, the conclusion is that symmetry cannot be rejected.Essay 2 (with Anders Klevmarken) analyzes the trade-off between parents' time with their own kids and market work, and its dependence on out-of-home day care. Process benefit scores indicate that time with one's own children is prefered above all other activites, closely followed by market work. Our empirical results suggest that, using a simultaneous equation framework, parents' decisions about market work and time with their children are strongly interdependent. Economic incentives primarily work through decisions about market work, while the direct effects on time with their children are weak. The results suggest that a change in the mother's working hours has less influence on the parents' time with their children than a change in the father's working hours. This would imply that a policy working to increase the time with people's own children should primarily influence the father's work hours. We also find that parents prefer joint activities with their children, and that out-of-home child care is not chosen as a substitute for own time with children.Essay 3 examines the temporal choices of time-use, synchronous leisure of spouses and the extent to which spouses spend time together. I test if spouses coordinate their working schedule so that they obtain more synchronous leisure and estimate the size of the effect of coordination in terms of additional synchronous leisure by using a control group of matched singles. The time budget data set used in this paper allows for a distinction between simultaneous time-use of spouses and the actual time that spouses meet. The empirical results suggest that the effect of spouses' coordination of work and leisure schedules is 45 minutes of additional synchronous leisure. Spouses' decisions about market work and leisure timing are very interdependent during most hours of the day. The results also suggest that, conditional on synchronous leisure, parents with small children spend less time together than others, while couples below 40 spend more time together than older ones. There is also some support for more educated people allocating less time to their spouses.Essay 4 (with Per Johansson) gives general conditions for the data generating process to facilitate the testing of structural dependence of turnover on the average (or median) price in the homogenous housing market. Furthermore, the implications of aggregation over sub-markets is studied. A plausible explanation of the disparate empirical findings in this literature may be aggregation over heterogenous sub-markets. This conclusion is supported by empirical findings using longitudinal quarterly data for 289 Swedish municipalities during 1981:1-2000:2.
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| 3. |
- Lawrenson, Kate, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Shu, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of obesity and circulating insulin and glucose with breast cancer risk : a Mendelian randomization analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:3, s. 795-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In addition to the established association between general obesity and breast cancer risk, central obesity and circulating fasting insulin and glucose have been linked to the development of this common malignancy. Findings from previous studies, however, have been inconsistent, and the nature of the associations is unclear. Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to evaluate the association of breast cancer risk, using genetic instruments, with fasting insulin, fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, body mass index (BMI) and BMI-adjusted waist-hip-ratio (WHRadj BMI). We first confirmed the association of these instruments with type 2 diabetes risk in a large diabetes genome-wide association study consortium. We then investigated their associations with breast cancer risk using individual-level data obtained from 98 842 cases and 83 464 controls of European descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Results: All sets of instruments were associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. Associations with breast cancer risk were found for genetically predicted fasting insulin [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71 per standard deviation (SD) increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.31, p = 5.09 x 10(-4)], 2-h glucose (OR = 1.80 per SD increase, 95% CI = 1.3 0-2.49, p = 4.02 x 10(-4)), BMI (OR = 0.70 per 5-unit increase, 95% CI = 0.65-0.76, p = 5.05 x 10(-19)) and WHRadj BMI (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.91, p = 9.22 x 10(-6)). Stratified analyses showed that genetically predicted fasting insulin was more closely related to risk of estrogen-receptor [ER]-positive cancer, whereas the associations with instruments of 2h glucose, BMI and WHRadj BMI were consistent regardless of age, menopausal status, estrogen receptor status and family history of breast cancer. Conclusions: We confirmed the previously reported inverse association of genetically predicted BMI with breast cancer risk, and showed a positive association of genetically predicted fasting insulin and 2-h glucose and an inverse association of WHRadj BMI with breast cancer risk. Our study suggests that genetically determined obesity and glucose/insulin-related traits have an important role in the aetiology of breast cancer.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Zeng, Chenjie, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 x 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 x 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 x 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 x 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.
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| 8. |
- Akander, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated Long-term Thermal Performance of a Building That Utilizes a Heat Pump System and Borehole
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Durability of Building Materials & Components 11. - Istanbul, Turkey : Istanbul Technical University. - 9789755613253 - 9789755613291
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, installation and use of heat pumps has grown rapidly in Sweden, to the extent that these mainly or partly heat roughly 25 % of the heated floor space in single-family houses. A majority are ground coupled where the heat exchanger is a borehole of 60-220 m depth. As the heat pump system operates, heat extraction will in time reduce borehole temperatures, rendering lowered efficiency of the heat pump system thus directly affecting its economical and environmental aspects. Within the building sector, durability and life performance dynamics of energy systems is often not reflected upon. System performance and efficiency is assumed to be static over time, changing only due to different operation scenarios. This paper serves to quantify the long-term thermal performance degradation of a component, in this case the borehole, and how the degradation of this component affects performance-over-time of an entire system, in this case the heating system of the building. A dynamic thermal simulation model is used to assess the long-term thermal performance of the borehole. The building, which the heat pump serves, is assumed to be a typical Swedish house with normal energy consumption. Simulation results show that the depth of the borehole is of great importance to limit over-time temperature drops. The efficiency of the heat pump system is directly dependent of temperatures in the borehole. How the overall system performance is affected by component performance degradation, is highlighted.
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| 9. |
- Baumgarten, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
-
Embedding Self-Awareness into Objects of Daily Life - The Smart Kettle
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments. - Los Alamitos, Calif. - 9781424478361 ; , s. 34-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent Environments on varying scales and for different purposes are slowly becoming a reality. In the near future, global smart world infrastructures will become a commodity that will support various activities of daily life at different degrees of realism. Such infrastructures have the potential to offer dedicated, context- and situation-aware information and services by simultaneously providing the next-generation of data collection, execution and service provisioning layers. One key aspect of this vision is the correct monitoring and understanding of how people interact with their environment; how they can actually benefit from the added intelligence; and finally how future services can be improved or better personalized to enhance human environment interaction as a whole. This level of intelligence is of particular relevance in the health and social care domain where person-centric services can be deployed to assist or even enable a person in performing activities of daily living. This paper discusses the concept of embedded self-aware profiles for smart devices that can be used to gain a deeper contextual understanding of their use and also discusses the emergence of a general model of Ambient Intelligence that is based on the collective existence and behavior of such smart devices. Although generic in principle, the proposed concepts have been exemplified by a distinct use case, namely a smart kettle.
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| 10. |
- Bellander, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
-
Durability of outdoor exposed wood : a comparative study on a noise barrier
- 2003
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In March 1996 nine test sections of a noise barrier were built along the Arlandaline in co-operation with Banverket, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Swedish National Testing Research Institute (SP), Beijer Bygg AB and different wood preservative manufactures. Each sections has an approximately length of 4 meters per section and a height of 3,1 meter. Three sections are made of non-treated pine, spruce and larch respectively. The rest of the sections are made of pine, treated with different wood preservations. The aim of this study is to find the most appropriate wood material for a specific construction, in this case a noise barrier, regard to durability and decomposition, and in the extension to find the most ecological and economic wood material. By comparing different wood species and preservations of wood regard to durability of outdoor exposed wood gives an indication of the most appropriate wood material to be chosen for this type of construction. The untreated spruce, pine and larch boards in contact with ground is in a bad condition, an assessed service life of about 5-15 years according to the results in this study, while the untreated wood above ground is hardly affected at all by biological attacks. No degradation is detected on the different preserved pine sections. More data is needed to assess the residual service life of the wood preserved sections.
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| 11. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
-
Early retirement
- 2008
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Ingår i: Simulating An Ageing Population. A Microsimulation Approach Applied to Sweden. (Contributions to Economic Analysis). ; , s. 143-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Brandon, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Fire Safe implementation of visible mass timber in tall buildings – compartment fire testing
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Five real scale fire tests of compartments constructed of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glued laminated timber, compliant with product standards specified in current US model building code, were performed. Four of the tested compartments were designed to result in a representative and severe fire scenario in a residential fire compartment, using a probabilistic approach. The other tested compartment had additional openings and a greater opening factor, which was aimed to be representative of buildings designed for business occupancy. The interior of the compartments had surface areas of exposed mass timber that varied from approximately the area of the floor plan to approximately two times the area of the floor plan. The tests included measurements to study the internal compartment exposure, the temperature development at gypsum protected surfaces, the temperature development in the structural timber, oxygen concentrations at locations of interest and exposure to exterior surfaces of the wall and façade above the openings. The fire in the compartment with a greater opening factor had two layers of fire-rated gypsum board protection on the back wall and all other surfaces of CLT and glued laminated timber exposed. Despite having the highest peak combustion rate, this compartment fire had the least severe internal and external fire exposure. The fire decayed relatively quickly after flashover and continued to decay until the test was stopped at 4 hours after ignition. This fire resulted in less structural damage than the fires in compartments with fewer and smaller openings. The compartments with fewer and smaller openings had similar temperatures for approximately the first 10 minutes after flashover. The compartment with only the ceiling (including the glued laminated timber beam) exposed started to decay after 22 minutes of post-flashover fire and continued to decay until the end of the test at 4 hours after ignition. The other three tests had, in addition to the ceiling, significant areas of exposed wall and column surfaces. To accommodate for the extended fire duration that was expected in these configurations an extra layer of gypsum board protection was applied to the protected surfaces. The additional exposed surface areas of walls led to an increase of the fully developed fire duration by 6 - 9 minutes. One of the compartments included corners where two exposed walls intersect. Significantly increased damage was observed in the lower part of these wall corners, and an overall higher radiative exposure in the test with such corners. After more than three hours of decay, surface flaming developed on the walls in that test. The fires in the tests without such corners exhibited continual decay for the full 4-hour test duration. Post-test analysis showed that the structural damage was lower in exposed ceilings than at the bottom of the exposed walls for all tests. After the tests, remaining smoldering and hot spots were reduced using relatively small amounts of water mist. Overnight measurements to study the thermal wave going through the loadbearing structure indicated no post-test reduction of structural capacity.
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| 13. |
- Brandon, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Fire Safety of CLT Buildings with Ex-posed Wooden Surfaces : Summary Report
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Five real scale compartment fire tests, constructed of CLT slabs and glulam beam and column in accordance with current US product standards, were performed. The compartments had surface areas of exposed mass timber equal to up to two times the area of the floor plan. The 4 hours long tests showed that compartments with such quantities of exposed wood can exhibit continuous decay to hot-spots and embers after flashover. The tests indicate that the presence of two exposed wall surfaces in one corner should be avoided to ensure this.
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| 14. |
- Downes, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Prospecting Secondary Raw Materials in the Urban Mine and mining wastes (ProSUM) Recommendations Report
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Report presents the recommendations arising from the ProSUM Project. It contains recommendations designed to continue to improve the knowledge base for secondary raw materials with the overarching objective of increasing recycling and supply of such materials. It specifically addresses data availability, data quality, data harmonisation, data structure and data presentation. The report contains a complete list of recommendations arising from the work undertaken in the project covering the ‘urban mine’ of electrical and electronic equipment, batteries and vehicles, their wastes, and mining wastes. It is the culmination of three years’ work which has resulted in: • The characterisation of products in terms of CRM content; • A comprehensive review and screening of all available data to characterise products; • An assessment of the factors affecting CRM content in products and the future trends for products; • A comprehensive review of existing and development of new methodologies for sampling and analysis of products; • An assessment of the current stocks of products held in households and business; • The quantification of flows of waste products not captured by national reporting on producer compliance; • A new model to quantify stocks and flows of products, their waste and material flows; • A comprehensive review and screening of all available data to characterise waste flows; • A comprehensive review of existing and development of new methodologies for sampling and analysis of wastes; • An evaluation of relevant product waste flows and mining wastes deposits; • Creation of the Urban Mine Platform (UMP) including a unified data model and code lists and meta data system; • Expansion of the Minerals Knowledge Data Platform (MKDP) for mining wastes; • And a new harmonised classification system to describe data in the urban mine.
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| 15. |
- Ekegren, Jenny, 1976-
(författare)
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Design and Synthesis of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Comprising a Tertiary Alcohol in the Transition-State Mimic
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HIV-1 protease inhibitors are important in the most frequently used regimen for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with access to this treatment, an HIV infection is no longer lethal, but rather a manageable, chronic infection. However, the HIV-1 protease inhibitors are generally associated with serious shortcomings such as adverse events, development of drug resistance and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Most of the approved inhibitors suffer from high protein binding, rapid metabolism and/or low membrane permeability. In this project, novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors comprising a rarely used tertiary alcohol in the transition-state mimic were designed, synthesized and evaluated. The rationale behind the design was to achieve ‘masking’ of the tertiary alcohol by for example, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which was believed could enhance transcellular transport. A reliable synthetic protocol was developed and a series of highly potent inhibitors was obtained exhibiting excellent membrane permeation properties in a Caco-2 cell assay. However, the cellular antiviral potencies of these compounds were low. In an attempt to improve the anti-HIV activity, microwave-accelerated, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and aminocarbonylation of aryl bromide precursors were employed to produce P1'-extended test compounds. Inhibitors demonstrating up to six times higher antiviral effect were obtained, the best derivatives having para 3- or 4-pyridyl elongations in P1'.Fast metabolic degradation was observed in liver microsome homogenate, which is believed, at least partly, to be attributable to benzylic oxidation of the indanol P2 group of the inhibitors. To enable facile variation of the P2 side chain a new synthetic route was developed using an enantiomerically pure, benzyl-substituted epoxy carboxylic acid as the key intermediate. Cyclic and amino-acid-residue-derived P2 groups were evaluated, and inhibitors equipotent to the series containing an indanol moiety were produced.
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| 16. |
- Eklöf, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating retirement behavior with special early retirement offers
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We model retirement behavior in Sweden during the 1990ies with focus on voluntary early retirement where there is an option for “buy-outs”. An em- ployer can offer the employees generous pension programs if the employee agrees on early retirement. Earlier studies have neglected such offers, but in doing so, estimates of the individuals’ responses to financial incentives in a retirement decision are likely to be biased upward. We propose an estima- tion strategy where the retirement decision and the accesses to early retire- ment pension offers are estimated in a simultaneous equation system, yield- ing unbiased estimates of the model parameters. We apply the model using detailed Swedish register data. Our results indicate that the marginal effects in retirement probability w.r.t. a change in financial incentives is less pro- nounced if early retirement pensions are accounted for. Further, we illustrate that the early retirement probabilities would decrease by 10-30 percent if early retirement pension offers were absent.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eklöf, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Private alternatives and early retirement programs
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes early retirement option programs in collective agreements in Sweden during the 1990s. We highlight the differences between actual pension benefits and those stipulated in the standard agreements. We find that the individuals frequently face far better options than those given by standard agreements. The mix and the timing of pensions is usually done in a non-trivial way. Thus, if we just relied on the standard agreement text, one important implication of these findings is that the effects of economic incentives on retirement very well might be over-estimated.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hagen, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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A nudge to quit? The effect of a change in pension information on annuitization, labor supply and retirement choices among older workers
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nudge is about affecting behavior in a certain way through small changes to the choice architecture. However, a nudge may also affect behaviors that the architect did not intend. We show that such spillover effects exist in a highly policy relevant context where the use of nudge is widespread; retirement. Specifically, we find that an exogenous application form change in the Swedish pension system that highlighted a five-year payout on the expense of a life annuity not only increased the demand for the nudged payout (as expected), but also induced individuals to retire earlier. We attribute the effects to decision-framing.
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| 21. |
- Hagen, Johannes, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Nudge to Quit? The Effect of a Change in Pension Information on Annuitization, Labour Supply, and Retirement Choices Among Older Workers
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 132:643, s. 1060-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effects of two exogenous modifications in the Swedish pension system application form nudging individuals towards a fixed-term payout. Meanwhile, the set of available options and the default option—life annuity—were unchanged during the period under study. We examine the effects on individuals’ payout decisions and the spillover effects on labour supply and other pensions using a difference-in-difference framework and detailed administrative data on actual payout decisions and a wide range of individual-level outcomes. Each modification increased the demand for the nudged payout by around 30 percentage points. The first modification also induced individuals to work less.
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| 22. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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A description of routes out of the labor force for workers in Sweden
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper collects and reviews information about routes to retirement and exits from the labor force by older workers in Sweden. It gives a concise survey of rules of the major retirement schemes covering disability, sickness and unemployment. Usinglongitudinal micro data from the period between 1992 and 1999, it also studies alternative measures of retirement, joint retirement behavior of spouses, transition path probabilities, and successive exits in terms of a reduction in working time from fulltime to part-time employment.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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Adaptation and validation of a predictive GIS based maintenance management system
- 2003
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Ingår i: Innovation in Construction and Real Estate. - Hongkong : Hong Kong Polytechnic University. - 9623673906
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The amount of deteriorating civil engineering structures and buildings are constantly growing. This ongoing process will make a great impact on resources, environment, human safety and health. Today there is a need of a uniform methodology and systems for maintenance organisation and management. To manage such issues above two consecutive EU-projects were launched. The EU-project ENV4-CT95-0110 “System and Methods for Assessing Conservation State and Environmental Risks for Outer Wooden Parts of Cultural Buildings” (Wood-Assess) and its successor ENV4-CT98-0796 “System for Maintenance Management of Historic (Wooden) Buildings” (MMWood) achieved all the objectives and resulted in a Maintenance Management System (MMS) version 1.0 software application. The MMS was heavily developed according to the ISO 15686 series “Service life planning” requirements. A predictive GIS based Maintenance Management System has to correspond to the user needs and co-operate with other systems. It is also of great importance that the system is corresponding to the user-, national- and international standards. To fulfil those requirements the system has to be open and integrative and must cope with adaptations and adjustments of the system. The MMS software application will be the kernel in the ongoing development of the more comprehensive Life Cycle Management System (LMS). It is therefore important to make sure that the MMS is adaptable to LMS and cope with add-in modules. By using a slab bridge located in the City of Gävle, Sweden, the adaptation and validation of MMS was executed. The MMS enables systematic structuring of assets and condition assessments of buildings and structures and does also manage to link pictures, drawings, maps, geographic information system (GIS) functionalities and documents. The system administrator does some part of the adaptation and some part has to be adapted by the user himself. In the near future the MMS will be able to cope with life cycle cost (LCC), life cycle performance (LCP) and life cycle ecology (LCE) add-in applications to achieve full LMS status.
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| 25. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical and numerical thermal modelling & analysis of an building integrated unglazed solar collector : PhD course paper
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mathematics for PhD-students in building science. - Stockholm : Architecture and the Built Environment, Royal Institute of Technology.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The objective of this report is to derive an analytical and numerical USC model for thermal analysis. These models are meant to calculate USC temperature variation across the USC duct as well as the fluid temperature along the USC. The main purpose of the analytical model is to attain a detailed steady state tool for USC (as in this report) design and dimensioning. The numerical model is meant to calculate the time dependant USC thermal performance as well as being a benchmark for the analytical model.
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| 26. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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Application of a non-steady state model for estimation of Time of Wetness
- 2004
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Moisture is of great importance due to a number of degradation processes. The moisture either accelerates or reduces the degradation velocity depending on the degradation mechanism and material. The degradation of building materials is thus dependent on the time during when the material is exposed to moisture. A model of how the time of wetness on a surface will vary, due to different climate conditions including impact of rain and solar radiation, is developed and presented. Due to the results of some test runs of the developed model, not surprising, both wind and the colour of the surface will have an impact on the time of wetness on a non-hygroscopic surface. However, the model is only tested during some specific climatic conditions and has to be tested in several different climatic conditions with real climatic data of rain and wind.
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| 27. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Beständighet hos trä – utvärdering av långtidsförsök med bullerplank av trä
- 2004
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar resultatet av en långtidsstudie rörande biologisk nedbrytning av ett bullerplank, uppfört 1996, längs Arlandabanan, snabbtågsförbindelsen mellan Stockholms C och Arlanda flygplats. Bullerplanket är till största del byggt av lärkträ men ett antal testsektioner är uppbyggda av andra träslag och behandlade med olika impregneringsmedel. Resultatet från projektet visar att endast de plankor som är i direktkontakt med marken har angripits av röta. De oimpregnerade sektionerna uppvisar högre grad av rötangrepp än de impregnerade furusektionerna. Någon skillnad mellan obehandlad furu och lärk med avseende på rötangrepp har inte gått att finna. En slutsats som kan dras med utgångspunkt från studiens resultat är att impregnerat virke är mycket mer beständigt än obehandlat virke med avseende på rötangrepp. Beständigheten mot biologiska angrepp kommer inte enbart att vara den kritiska faktorn för det studerade bullerplanket. En kombination av de vibrationer och skakningar som uppstår vid förbipasserande tåg kommer att leda till mekanisk nedbrytning av planket. Effekten av den mekaniska nedbrytningen har dock inte undersökts. Även de estetiska faktorerna bör beaktas såsom klotter och klottersanering och hur en eventuell klottersanering kommer att påverka trävirket. För att i framtiden följa nedbrytningen av bullerplanket bör en eventuell uppföljning av projektet göras om 5-10 år. Resultatet kan ses som ett bidrag till framtida forskning inom beständighetsområdet och livslängdbestämning av behandlat och obehandlat trä. Förhoppningen är att resultatet även skall ge en fingervisning om bästa val av material och konstruktionsutformning, för såväl privatpersoner som för projektörer och andra aktörer i byggsektorn.
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| 28. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
-
Cross-national differences in income poverty among Europe´s 50
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies income poverty among the 50+ population in 10 EU countries using newly collected data from the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) project. A measure of the household’s disposable annual income is used. Relative income poverty range from 10 percent (in Sweden) to 22 percent (in Switzerland). Logistic regression estimates show that unemployment, being a homemaker, self-employed, living single, and having a child living close, are associated with an increased likelihood of poverty. Less risk of poverty can be found among those that have supervision over the workplace, have obtained more education, are home owners, and, in some countries, among those that are relatively old.
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| 29. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
-
Development and adaptation of a life cycle management system for constructed work
- 2005
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lifetime Engineering (or Life Cycle Engineering) is a technical approach for meeting the current objective of sustainable development. The approach is aimed to turn today’s reactive and short-term design, management and maintenance planning towards an optimised and long-term technical approach. The life cycle based management and maintenance planning approach includes condition assessment, predictive modelling of performance changes, maintenance, repair and refurbishment planning and decisions. The Life Cycle Management System (LMS) is a predictive and generic life cycle based management system aimed to support all types of decision making and planning of optimal maintenance, repair and refurbishment activities of any constructed works. The system takes into account a number of aspects in sustainable and conscious development such as human requirements, life cycle economy, life cycle ecology and cultural requirements. The LMS is a system by which the complete system or parts thereof, works in co-operation or as a complement to existing business support systems. The system is module based where each module represents a subprocess within the maintenance management process. The scope of this thesis is focused on development and adaptation of the predictive characteristic of LMS towards a presumptive user. The objective is to develop and adapt a Service Life Performance Analysis module applicable for condition based Facility Management System in general and for condition based Bridge Management System in particular. Emphasis is placed on development and adaptation of a conditional probability based Service Life Performance Analysis model in which degradation models and Markov chains play a decisive role. The thesis deals also with development and adaptation of environmental exposure data recording and processing, with special emphasis on quantitative environmental classification in order to provide a simplified method of Service Life Performance Analysis.
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| 30. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
-
Development and Adaptation of a Life Cycle Management System for Construction Works
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Lifetime Engineering of Civil Infrastructure.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetime Engineering (or Life Cycle Engineering) is a technical approach for meeting the current objective of sustainable development. The approach is aimed to turn today’s reactive and short-term design, management and maintenance planning towards an optimised and long-term technical approach. The life cycle based management and maintenance planning approach includes condition assessment, predictive modelling of performance changes, maintenance analysis and maintenance, repair and refurbishment (MR&R) planning and decisions. The change towards a predictive approach requires generic systems, applicable to different maintenance manager organisations with different MR&R strategies, managing different types of construction works. The newly developed Life Cycle Management System (LMS) is a predictive and generic life cycle based management system aimed to support all types of decision making and planning of optimal MR&R activities of any construction works. The system takes into account a number of aspects in sustainable and conscious development such as human requirements, life cycle economy, life cycle ecology and cultural requirements. The LMS is a system by which the complete system or parts thereof, works in co-operation or as a complement to existing business support systems. This imply development and adaptation of the system in order to meet the user needs and requirements, a process which is to be geared and governed by the user. The scope of this paper is focused on development and adaptation of the predictive characteristic of LMS towards a presumptive user. The objective is to develop and adapt a Service Life Performance Analysis (SLPA) module applicable for condition based Facility Management System in general and for condition based Bridge Management System in particular. Emphasis is placed on development and adaptation of a conditional probability based SLPA model in which degradation models and Markov chains play a decisive role. The paper deals also with development and adaptation of environmental exposure data recording and processing, with special emphasis on quantitative environmental classification in order to provide a simplified method of SLPA.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of the Swedish bridge management system by introducing a LMS concept
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 40:6, s. 627-639
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Road Administration (SRA) has developed an information technology (IT) based bridge and tunnel management system (BaTMan) that is widely implemented by the organisation. The system is a tool for operational, tactical and strategic management. However, this system does not include systems and tools for managing optimisation and long-term planning of␣Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) actions due to service life performance aspects. This paper discusses the need of service life performance analysis for sound optimisation and long-term planning of MR&R actions in the bridge management. The paper presents a service life performance analysis model that is based on a Markov chain model and the MEDIC method. The model is developed to manage different kinds of degradation characteristic and yet present a uniform result expressed in conditional probabilities. The paper discusses also the need of systems and tools for describing objects on both an overall level and on a component level.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, 1968-
(författare)
-
Does time-use data support the unitary model? : a test using Swedish time-use data from 1984 and 1993
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mainly because of data limitations, the unitary model (dating back to Becker, among others) has been the common-used theoretical framework in microanalysis of the household labor supply. Because of its simplicity, the household members are assumed to allocate time and consumption in consensus, having the implication that it is the households, not the individuals themselves, that are the interesting economic agents. In this paper, I study the household decision to supply labor and test if the unitary model holds. What is subject to a test in this paper is the resulting symmetry of the Slutsky matrix, i.e., that the compensated cross-wage effects are equal. The test uses Swedish time-use data from 1984 and 1993. As empirical specification, I use the trans-log, thereby avoiding some of the restrictive assumptions about functional forms that can be found in other studies. Contrary to most other studies, the conclusion is that symmetry cannot be rejected. This suggests that observed household labor supply could be an outcome of the single-criterion model.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Is an early retirement offer good for your health? : Quasi-experimental evidence from the army
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 44, s. 274-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies empirically the consequences on health of an early retirement offer. To this end we use a targeted retirement offer to military officers 55 years of age or older. Before the offer was implemented, the normal retirement age in the Swedish defense was 60 years of age. Estimating the effect of the offer on individuals' health within the age range 56-70, we find support for a reduction in both mortality and in inpatient care as a consequence of the early retirement offer. Increasing the mandatory retirement age may thus not only have positive government income effects but also negative effects on increasing government health care expenditures.
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| 39. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Life Cycle Management System : a planning tool supporting Long-term based design and maintenance planning
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Durability of Building Materials & Components 11. - Istanbul : Istanbul Technical University. - 9789755613253 - 9789755613291 ; , s. 1871-1878
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction projects include large amounts of information that has to be communicated to a number of actors, such as authorities, companies, clients and end users. Information exchange is complex, involving various players on different levels and phases of the construction process. For private clients, who generally have little experience and knowledge of this process, the on-going “Bygga Villa”-project has developed a web-portal, which offers them relevant information about the process and a number of services to facilitate realisation of their projects. One of the services provides a tool for supporting long-term strategy planning. The tool is based on the Life cycle Management System (LMS) that is a predictive and generic life cycle-based management system, aimed to support decision-making and planning of optimal design and maintenance of any construction works. The LMS-Bygga Villa tool estimates service life and maintenance intervals of different building parts and systems based on environmental-dependent degradation models. Simulated scenarios can give optimised solutions by applying life cycle cost analysis. This paper presents two case studies within LMS-Bygga Villa. The first case focuses on service life performance analysis of exterior parts of buildings. The second focuses on service life performance analysis of energy systems; here specifically a borehole assisted heat pump system used for heating a Swedish single-family residence.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Långsiktig underhållsplanering av fjärrvärmenät : en förstudie av möjligheter till utveckling av LMS
- 2007
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Samtidigt som fjärrvärme är ett effektivt sätt att leverera värme så leder en centraliserad värmeproduktion till att fler personer drabbas vid eventuella driftavbrott. Detta skapar ett behov av ökad leveranssäkerhet och kontroll av prestanda över hela fjärrvärmenätets livscykel. Genom en långsiktig planering av nätets utbyggnad och förvaltning erhålls effektivare resursanvändande och större säkerhetsmarginaler. Långsiktig planering bygger till stor del på analys av olika scenarier där såväl rådande förutsättningar som ”worst cases” kan beaktas utifrån olika aspekter (tekniska, ekonomiska, säkerhetsmässiga m.m.). Målet är att hitta optimerade åtgärder, vilket kräver systematisk hantering och bearbetning av en stor mängd information. Detta kan endast göras rationellt med hjälp av IT-verktyg. Life cycle Management System (LMS) är ett resultat av tre konsekutiva EU-finansierade forskningsprojekt där gruppen för byggnadsmaterialteknik – Högskolan i Gävle, har haft en ledande roll. Systemet innehåller utvecklade rutiner och metoder för hantering av information som ligger till grund för långsiktig planering och optimerad förvaltning av byggnadsverk. Systemmässigt är LMS uppbyggt av moduler som hanterar och analyserar data på olika sätt. Anledningen till systemets modulbaserade struktur är att det, helt eller i delar, kan anpassas mot de krav och önskemål som klienten ställer på systemet. På så sätt behöver klienten bara komplettera sitt befintliga system med de funktioner som önskas av LMS, samtidigt som denne undviker att ”kasta ut” det gamla systemet. Förstudien omfattar en litteraturstudie och analys av Gävle Energi AB:s (GEAB) drift- och underhållsdata. Förstudiens syfte är att identifiera och kartlägga de anpassnings- och utvecklingsbehov som föreligger en implementering av LMS som planeringsverktyg för GEAB:s fjärrvärmenät.
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| 42. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Moving in and out of public geriatric care in Sweden
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we present empirical results concerning the interplay between the development of dependency in activities for daily living (ADL), the informal support from a partner, and the mode of public old age care (OAC) services among the very old (75+). We also study excess-mortality conditional on the mode of OAC.Three forms of publicly provided OAC are distinguished: independent living in ordinary home without public support, independent living in ordinary home or special accommodations with home help and home health care, and living in special accommodations with round-the-clock-care.Our results suggest, given the level of ADL and age, that the propensity to move to a more intensive mode of care was higher for women compared to men. There was, however, also an effect of the availability of informal care support that moved in the opposite direction; men with a partner were more likely to move from home-help service to a living in special accommodation, while women with a partner were more likely to remain with the same care mode than women without a partner. We also find a lower mortality among cohabitants with home-help services, while it is higher among cohabitants with special accommodation. Our estimates furthermore show the importance of removing the influence of unobserved heterogeneity.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
On the use of open bim and 4D visualisation in a predictive life cycle management system for construction works
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1874-4753. ; 16, s. 445-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction works are in periodical need of performance upgrade such as maintenance, repair and rehabilitation (MR&R). Facility managers are responsible to fulfil this need during the whole life cycle of the construction works in a manner that maximises the economical profit, minimises the environmental impact and keeps the risk of failure at a low level. A prerequisite for efficient facility management (FM) is long-term planning of MR&R actions. This requires management of a large amount of information, a process that includes gathering, storing, processing and presentation of data. With the development of open Building Information Models (open BIM) and standardisation of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) new possibilities of efficient management of FM information have emerged. Due to its parametric and object-oriented approach, the open BIM-concept rationalises the information management and makes it more cost effective. This paper discusses how open BIM, with the aid of IFC, and Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) may facilitate the implementation of a predictive Life cycle Management System (LMS) and by that improve the feasibility for adopting long-term and dynamic maintenance strategy in the FM process. A case study on the use of a commercial BIM-based design tool as information repository and media to present life cycle information within the context of the LMS concept on a hospital building is also presented. The case study shows that the build-up of the information becomes simpler, more clear and efficient compared to a traditional database solution, as it is done with parametric objects. However, the basic BIM can not serve for all LMS functions. There is still need for development of a BIM integrated LMS solution that may support prediction of life cycle performance and maintenance needs. Such a solution needs to be communicative to any open BIM software and thus has to be built upon open standards for exchange of building information, e.g. the IFC standard, and life cycle oriented standards like PLCS. Additional focus is put on 4D simulation and visualisation. Simulation and visualisation of long-term performance of buildings is of crucial importance when improving the feasibility for adopting a long-term and dynamic maintenance strategy in the FM process. © 2011 The authors.
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| 45. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediktivt underhåll av fasader
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :8, s. 46-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
-
Quantification of exposure classes in the European Standard EN 206-1
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, CSTB, Lyon, 17–20 April 2005.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently completed EU-project Life Cycle Management of Concrete Infrastructure for ImprovedSustainability (Lifecon) has developed a generic and predictive Life Cycle Management System(LMS) for maintenance optimisation and planning of buildings. The system facilitates the change oftoday’s reactive practice of maintenance management into a predictive life cycle based maintenancemanagement system. To enable simplified prediction of service life and maintenance interval in such apredictive life cycle management system, a quantitative classification system for environmentalloading is needed. At present there are a number of standards containing quantitative classification ofenvironmental loading onto structures and building materials, e.g. ISO 15686-4, EOTA and ISO 9223.The governing standard for concrete structures such as bridges and tunnels is the European StandardEN 206-1 Concrete – part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity. This standarddivides the environmental loading into 18 exposure classes, which cover environmental loads fromatmosphere, seawater, fresh water, groundwater and soil, but also the decisive parameters for moistureand chlorides. Almost all exposure classes within the standard include only qualitative descriptions.To make the standard EN 206-1 valid for LMS the standard has to be further developed into aquantitative classification system for environmental loading. A proposal of a quantitative classificationof the exposure classes within the standard EN 206-1 regarding corrosion induced by carbonation ispresented in this paper. The proposed classification is partly based on the extensive work performed inthe Lifecon project, partly based on literature studies. The proposed classification is validated throughcomparison of real measurements made on a bridge located in Sweden and calculations using a fullprobabilistic degradation model. It is believed that such exposure classification is possible to use in aLMS to provide simplified service life analysis and possibilities to map the risk of degradation.
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| 47. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Status, needs and possibilities for servicelife prediction and estimation of district heating distribution networks
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 8:1, s. 41-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimised and proactive maintenance strategy aims to maximise the economical profit, minimise environmental impacts and keep the risk of failure to a low level. Implementation of such a strategy in the context of district heating requires efforts and abilities for predicting future performances and estimating service life of district heating components. A literature review on failures (damages and performance reductions) occurring on district heating pipes, reveals that failures in district heating pipes are mainly leaks due to corrosion or mechanical impacts and reduced thermal insulation performance: leaks being the more serious damage type. A feasible service life estimation method for this type of damage is the Factor Method. Since the application of this method within the context of DH pipes has not been found in other publications, this paper focuses on describing the method and discusses the possibilities on how to apply it in two specific cases with respect to leakage: service life estimation of repaired district heating pipe sections (i.e. maintenance of district heating network) and of district heating pipes in new or extended district heating networks. Particular attention is paid to which modifying factors should be considered and how to quantify them.
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| 48. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, 1968-
(författare)
-
Synchronous leisure, jointness and household labor supply
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the synchronous leisure of spouses and the extent to which spouses spend time together. The time budget data set used in this paper allows for a distinction between simultaneous time-use of spouses and the actual time that spouses meet. A comparison between couples and matched singles suggests that only about 12 percent (45 minutes per day) of the synchronous leisure is caused by active synchronization. Spouses' decisions about market work and leisure timing are very interdependent during most hours of the day. The results also suggest that, conditional on synchronous leisure, parents with high incomes spend more time together than others, while more educated people allocating less time to their spouses.
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| 49. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
-
Synchronous Leisure, Jointness and Household Labor Supply
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier. ; 10:2, s. 185-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper utilizes time budget data allowing for a distinction between simultaneous time-use of spouses and the actual time spouses meet. The paper examines (1) the temporal choices of time-use, the synchronous leisure of spouses and the extent to which
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| 50. |
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