| 1. |
- Ahmed, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for the lepton-family-number nonconserving decay μ +→e +γ
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 65:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MEGA experiment, which searched for the muon- and electron-number violating decay μ +→e + γ, is described. The spectrometer system, the calibrations, the data taking procedures, the data analysis, and the sensitivity of the experiment are discussed. The most stringent upper limit on the branching ratio, B(μ + →e + γ)<1.2×10 -11 with 90% confidence, is derived from a likelihood analysis.
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| 2. |
- Amann, F., et al.
(författare)
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A search for murarregamma at the level of 10-13
- 1991
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on High Energy Physics. - 9810024347 ; , s. 1070-1071
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MEGA experiment, which is a search for the decay murarregamma with a branching ratio sensitivity of about 10-13, employs highly modular, fast detectors, state-of-the-art electronics, and a staged trigger with on-line filters. The detectors are contained in a 1.5-T solenoidal field produced by a superconducting magnet. Positrons are confined to the central region and are measured by a set of thin MWPCs. Photons are measured by one of four layers of pair spectrometers in the outer region. Most aspects of the design have been validated in engineering runs; data taking will begin in 1990 with much of the electron arm and one pair spectrometer layer installed.
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| 3. |
- Maes, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 629:8010, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9–2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2–0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22–38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Szymanski, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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MEGA : A search for the decay mu –> e gamma
- 1994
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Ingår i: Intersections between particle and nuclear physics. Proceedings, 5th Conference, St. Petersburg, USA, May 31-June 6, 1994. ; , s. 789-792
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Szymanski, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the decay mu –> e gamma by the MEGA experiment
- 1996
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 9th Meeting, DPF'96, Minneapolis, USA, August 11-15, 1996. Vol. 1, 2.. ; , s. 1450-1452
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Graham, Emily B., et al.
(författare)
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Microbes as Engines of Ecosystem Function : When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions of Ecosystem Processes?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microorganisms are vital in mediating the earth's biogeochemical cycles; yet, despite our rapidly increasing ability to explore complex environmental microbial communities, the relationship between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. Here, we address a fundamental and unanswered question in microbial ecology: 'When do we need to understand microbial community structure to accurately predict function?' We present a statistical analysis investigating the value of environmental data and microbial community structure independently and in combination for explaining rates of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes within 82 global datasets. Environmental variables were the strongest predictors of process rates but left 44% of variation unexplained on average, suggesting the potential for microbial data to increase model accuracy. Although only 29% of our datasets were significantly improved by adding information on microbial community structure, we observed improvement in models of processes mediated by narrow phylogenetic guilds via functional gene data, and conversely, improvement in models of facultative microbial processes via community diversity metrics. Our results also suggest that microbial diversity can strengthen predictions of respiration rates beyond microbial biomass parameters, as 53% of models were improved by incorporating both sets of predictors compared to 35% by microbial biomass alone. Our analysis represents the first comprehensive analysis of research examining links between microbial community structure and ecosystem function. Taken together, our results indicate that a greater understanding of microbial communities informed by ecological principles may enhance our ability to predict ecosystem process rates relative to assessments based on environmental variables and microbial physiology.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fredholm, BB, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of eliminating adenosine A(1) receptors in mice
- 2003
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Ingår i: Drug Development Research (Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides - Part 1). - : Wiley. - 1098-2299 .- 0272-4391. ; 58, s. 350-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The second coding exon of the adenosine A, receptor gene was eliminated by homologous recombination. The phenotype of mice (mixed C57B6/129OlaHsd background) was studied, using siblings from matings of heterozygous mice. Among the offspring the ratio between+/+, +/-and -/-animals was 1:2:1. Over the first half-year-at least-growth and viability were the same in all genotypes. Binding of A(1) ligands was eliminated in-/-mice and halved in+/-mice. Blood pressure was increased in-/-mice and this was paralleled by an increase in plasma renin. Heart rate was unaffected, as was contractility. Furthermore, the response of the perfused heart to ischemia was similar in+/+and -/-hearts. However, remote preconditioning was eliminated in-/-mouse hearts. Tubuloglomerular feedback in the kidney was also lost in-/-mice. The analgesic response to a non-selective adenosing receptor agonist was lost in-/-mice, which also showed hyperalgesia in the tail-flick test. There was a slight hypoactivity in-/-mice, but responses to caffeine were essentially normal. The inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission in hippocampus by adenosine was lost in-/-mice and reduced in+/-mice. Responses to ATP were affected similarly. Hypoxic depression of synaptic transmission was essentially eliminated in hippocampus and hypoxic decrease in spinal respiratory neuron firing was markedly reduced. These results show that adenosine A, receptors play a physiologically important role in the kidney, spinal cord, and hippocampus and that they are critically important in the adaptive responses to hypoxia. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 11. |
- Lofgren, P.M., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of silicon carbide epitaxial growth in hot-wall chemical vapor deposition processes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 147:1, s. 164-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A complete two-dimensional axisymmetric model for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is presented, incorporating reduction heating by a radio frequency coil, flow, heat transfer (radiation included), and gas and surface chemistry, applied to epitaxial growth of silicon carbide (SiC) with H2 as the carrier gas and C3H8 and SiH4 as precursors. Temperatures range from 1873 to 1923 K. Predictions are compared to full-scale experiments carried out in the Linkoping hot-wall CVD reactor for epitaxial growth. Temperature predictions have previously shown to agree well with experiments, consequently, this paper focuses on the reaction mechanism model. Three different reaction mechanisms are compared to experiments where mechanisms contain 35 gas, seven surface, and two bulk species including gas and surface reactions. The predicted growth rate agrees well with experiments for 300 mbar but is slightly low for 50 mbar and somewhat high for 550 mbar. By including a recent mechanism for decomposition of SiH4, morphological conditions can be predicted comparing partial pressures of Si and C2H2 to experimental data from the literature. The predicted growth rate is not influenced by this additional model. It is demonstrated that when a model for hydrogen etching of the susceptor graphite is included, correct growth limitation is predicted.
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| 12. |
- Raasakka, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropathy-related mutations alter the membrane binding properties of the human myelin protein P0 cytoplasmic tail
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schwann cells myelinate selected axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and contribute to fast saltatory conduction via the formation of compact myelin, in which water is excluded from between tightly adhered lipid bilayers. Peripheral neuropathies, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS), are incurable demyelinating conditions that result in pain, decrease in muscle mass, and functional impairment. Many Schwann cell proteins, which are directly involved in the stability of compact myelin or its development, are subject to mutations linked to these neuropathies. The most abundant PNS myelin protein is protein zero (P0); point mutations in this transmembrane protein cause CMT subtype 1B and DSS. P0 tethers apposing lipid bilayers together through its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain. Additionally, P0 contains a cytoplasmic tail (P0ct), which is membrane-associated and contributes to the physical properties of the lipid membrane. Six CMT- and DSS-associated missense mutations have been reported in P0ct. We generated recombinant disease mutant variants of P0ct and characterized them using biophysical methods. Compared to wild-type P0ct, some mutants have negligible differences in function and folding, while others highlight functionally important amino acids within P0ct. For example, the D224Y variant of P0ct induced tight membrane multilayer stacking. Our results show a putative molecular basis for the hypermyelinating phenotype observed in patients with this particular mutation and provide overall information on the effects of disease-linked mutations in a flexible, membrane-binding protein segment. Using neutron reflectometry, we additionally show that P0ct embeds deep into a lipid bilayer, explaining the observed effects of P0ct on the physical properties of the membrane.
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| 13. |
- van IJzendoorn, C. O., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Multi-Fraction Coastal Aeolian Sediment Transport With Horizontal and Vertical Grain-Size Variability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. - 2169-9003. ; 128:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grain size affects the rates of aeolian sediment transport on beaches. Sediment in coastal environments typically consists of multiple grain-size fractions and exhibits spatiotemporal variations. Still, conceptual and numerical aeolian transport models are simplified and often only include a single fraction that is constant over the model domain. It is unclear to what extent this simplification is valid and if the inclusion of multi-fraction transport and spatial grain-size variations affects aeolian sediment transport simulations and predictions of coastal dune development. This study applies the numerical aeolian sediment transport model AeoLiS to compare single-fraction to multi-fraction approaches for a range of grain-size distributions and spatial grain-size scenarios. The results show that on timescales of days to years, single-fraction simulations with the median grain size, D50, often give similar results to multi-fraction simulations, provided the wind is able to mobilize all fractions within that time frame. On these timescales, vertical variability in grain size has a limited effect on total transport rates, but it does influence the simulation results on minute timescales. Horizontal grain-size variability influences both the total transport rates and the downwind bed grain-size composition. The results provide new insights into the influence of beach sediment composition and spatial variability on total transport rates toward the dunes. The findings of this study can guide the implementation of grain-size variability in numerical aeolian sediment transport models.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Galeckas, A, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Auger recombination rate in 4H-SiC
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1997 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials, ICSCIII.. ; , s. 533-536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hultman, L, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and electronic properties of epitaxial TiN thin films on 3C-SiC(001) and 6H-SiC(0001) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - 0884-2914. ; 11:10, s. 2458-2462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial TiN films were grown on cubic (3C)-SiC(001) and hexagonal (6H)-SiC(0001) substrates by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputtering from a Ti target in a mixed Ar and N2 discharge at a substrate temperature of 700°C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, including high-resolution imaging, showed orientational relationships TiN(001) ∥ 3C-SiC(001), and TiN[110] ∥ 3C-SiC[110], and TiN(111) ∥ 6H-SiC(0001) and TiN[110],[101] ∥ 6H-SiC[1210]. In the latter case, twin-related TiN domains formed as the result of nucleation on SiC terraces with an inequivalent stacking sequence of Si and C. The TiN/SiC interface was locally atomically sharp for both SiC polytypes. Defects in the TiN layers consisted of threading double positioning domain boundaries in TiN(111) on 6H-SiC. Stacking faults in 3C-SiC did not propagate upon growth of TiN. Room-temperature resistivity of TiN films was ρ = 14 μΩ cm for 6H-SiC(0001) and ρ = 17 μΩ cm for 3C-SiC(001) substrates. Specific contact resistance of TiN to 6H-SiC(0001) was 1.3 × 10-3 Ω cm2 for a 6H-SiC substrate with an n-type doping of 5 × 1017 cm-3.
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| 32. |
- Ingvarsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Project stakeholder engagement through gamification : what do we know and where do we go from here?
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : Emerald Publishing. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 16:8, s. 152-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how gamification may be used for project stakeholder engagement. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the results of a systematic literature review of extant research concerning the gamification of projects. Based on this, an agenda for future studies is outlined. Findings: Extant research on the gamification of projects is scarce and scattered among various disciplines, but the engineering fields dominate. The research performed does indicate that gamification may be used for involving stakeholders in projects, primarily by promoting learning, but also by engaging them, motivating action and solving problems. Research limitations/implications: In several cases, extant research display poor quality in research design and a lack in cross-disciplinary perspectives, which means that more research is needed. The users’ perspective is often lacking. Furthermore, the ideas gamification might be “hidden” within other technologies. Practical implications: The findings of this research may assist project management practitioners in the endeavor of adopting gamification principles to better involve stakeholders. Originality/value: The study fills a gap in summarizing the research on how gamification may be used to promote project stakeholder engagement. Based on this, it proposes a research agenda for future research on the use of gamification to promote project stakeholder engagement.
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| 33. |
- Ivanov, I.G., et al.
(författare)
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Phonon energies at the M-point in 4H-SiC
- 1996
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Ingår i: 23rd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, vol. 1. - 9810227779 ; , s. 233-236
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Jacobson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Doping-Related Strain in n-Doped 4H-SiC Crystals
- 2003
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Ingår i: Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2002. ECSCRM 2002. 4th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, 2-5 Sept. 2002 , Linkoping, Sweden. ; , s. 269-272
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic fitting procedures for EPR spectra of disordered systems: matrix diagonalization and perturbation methods applied to fluorocarbon radicals
- 2008
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 69:5, s. 1294-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two types of automatic fitting procedures for EPR spectra of disordered systems have been developed, one based on matrix diagonalisation of a general spin Hamiltonian, the other on 2nd order perturbation theory. The first program is based on a previous Fortran code complemented with a newly written interface in Java to provide user-friendly in- and output. The second is intended for the special case of free radicals with several relatively weakly interacting nuclei, in which case the general method becomes slow. A least squares’ fitting procedure utilizing analytical or numerical derivatives of the theoretically calculated spectrum with respect to the g-and hyperfine structure (hfs) tensors was used to refine those parameters in both cases. ‘Rigid limit’ ESR spectra from radicals in organic matrices and in polymers, previously studied experimentally at low temperature, were analysed by both methods. Fluoro-carbon anion radicals could be simulated, quite accurately with the exact method, whereas automatic fitting on e.g. the c-C4F8- anion radical is only feasible with the 2nd order approximative treatment. Initial values for the 19F hfs tensors estimated by DFT calculations were quite close to the final. For neutral radicals of the type XCF2CF2• the refinement of the hfs tensors by the exact method worked better than the approximate. The reasons are discussed. The ability of the fitting procedures to recover the correct magnetic parameters of disordered systems was investigated by fittings to synthetic spectra with known hfs tensors. The exact and the approximate methods are concluded to be complementary, one being general, but limited to relatively small systems, the other being a special treatment, suited for S=½ systems with several moderately large hfs.
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| 42. |
- Machado, Carla G., et al.
(författare)
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Industry 4.0 readiness in manufacturing companies : Challenges and enablers towards increased digitalization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 1113-1118, s. 1113-1118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalization is changing the business environment and companies face challenges to make progress. A first step to support companies is to verify their digital readiness, capabilities, and developing clear plans for improvement. This paper aims to evaluate the digital readiness of seven companies through the application of a self-check tool, followed by a deeper investigation through a case study, to identify reasons, challenges/barriers and enablers towards digitalization. A workshop was conducted to evaluate the use of a self-check tool and collect other analysis. Results include the readiness level and comparison between companies, actions and practices towards increased digitalization.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Nilsson, Ulrika K., et al.
(författare)
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Lack of stereospecificity in lysophosphatidic acid enantiomerinduced calcium mobilization in human erythroleukemia cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: Lipids. - 0024-4201. ; 38:10, s. 1057-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that, among several other cellular responses, can stimulate cells to mobilize calcium (Ca2+). LPA is known to activate at least three different subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors can then stimulate different kinds of G proteins. In the present study, LPA and LPA analogs were synthesized from (R)- and (S)-glycidol and used to characterize the ability to stimulate Ca2+ mobilization. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in fura-2-acetoxymethylester-loaded human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Furthermore, a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize LPA receptor subtypes expressed in HEL cells. The results show that HEL cells mainly express LPA1 and LPA2, although LPA3 might possibly be expressed as well. Moreover, LPA and its analogs concentration-dependently increased [Ca2+]i in HEL cells. The response involved both influx of extracellular Ca2+ and release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. This is the first time the unnatural (S)-enantiomer of LPA, (S)-3-O-oleoyl-1-O-phosphoryl-glycerol, has been synthesized and studied according to its ability to activate cells. The results indicate that this group of receptors does not discriminate between (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of LPA and its analogs. When comparing ether analogs having different hydrocarbon chain lengths, the tetradecyl analog (14 carbons) was found to be the most effective in increasing [Ca2+]i. Pertussis toxin treatment of the HEL cells resulted in an even more efficient Ca2+ mobilization stimulated by LPA and its analogs. Furthermore, at repeated incubation with the same ligand no further increase in [Ca2+]i was obtained. When combining LPA with the ether analogs no suppression of the new Ca2+ signal occurred. All these findings may be of significance in the process of searching for specific agonists and antagonists of the LPA receptor subtypes.
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| 45. |
- Persson, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Correlational analysis for identifying genes whose regulation contributes to chronic neuropathic pain
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular pain. - : SAGE Publications. - 1744-8069. ; 5, s. 7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerve injury-triggered hyperexcitability in primary sensory neurons is considered a major source of chronic neuropathic pain. The hyperexcitability, in turn, is thought to be related to transcriptional switching in afferent cell somata. Analysis using expression microarrays has revealed that many genes are regulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following axotomy. But which contribute to pain phenotype versus other nerve injury-evoked processes such as nerve regeneration? Using the L5 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathy we examined differential changes in gene expression in the L5 (and L4) DRGs in five mouse strains with contrasting susceptibility to neuropathic pain. We sought genes for which the degree of regulation correlates with strain-specific pain phenotype. Results In an initial experiment six candidate genes previously identified as important in pain physiology were selected for in situ hybridization to DRG sections. Among these, regulation of the Na+ channel α subunit Scn11a correlated with levels of spontaneous pain behavior, and regulation of the cool receptor Trpm8 correlated with heat hypersensibility. In a larger scale experiment, mRNA extracted from individual mouse DRGs was processed on Affymetrix whole-genome expression microarrays. Overall, 2552 ± 477 transcripts were significantly regulated in the axotomized L5DRG 3 days postoperatively. However, in only a small fraction of these was the degree of regulation correlated with pain behavior across strains. Very few genes in the “uninjured” L4DRG showed altered expression (24 ± 28). Conclusion Correlational analysis based on in situ hybridization provided evidence that differential regulation of Scn11a and Trpm8 contributes to across-strain variability in pain phenotype. This does not, of course, constitute evidence that the others are unrelated to pain. Correlational analysis based on microarray data yielded a larger “look-up table” of genes whose regulation likely contributes to pain variability. While this list is enriched in genes of potential importance for pain physiology, and is relatively free of the bias inherent in the candidate gene approach, additional steps are required to clarify which transcripts on the list are in fact of functional importance.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Robbie, K., et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Ni-graphite intercalation compounds on SiC
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 64, s. 155401-15540111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Sundqvist, B, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of high quality p-type 4H-SiC substrates by HTCVD
- 2003
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 433-436. ; , s. 21-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using the HTCVD technique together with Al doping, highly p-type doped 2" diameter 4H-SiC off-axis substrates with micropipe densities below 10 cm(-2) were grown. The Al concentration in the substrates could be varied from low 10(15) cm(-3) to low 10(19) cm(-3). Bulk resistivities down to 0.5 Omega-cm were realized. There were no indications of micropipe formation from Al precipitates, on the contrary, micropipe closing was observed.
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| 50. |
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