| 1. |
- Ahrén, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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A hypothesis - generating Swedish extended national cross-sectional family study of multimorbidity severity and venous thromboembolism
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 13:6, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common worldwide disease. The burden of multimorbidity, that is, two or more chronic diseases, has increased. Whether multimorbidity is associated with VTE risk remains to be studied. Our aim was to determine any association between multimorbidity and VTE and any possible shared familial susceptibility.DESIGN: A nationwide extended cross-sectional hypothesis - generating family study between 1997 and 2015.SETTING: The Swedish Multigeneration Register, the National Patient Register, the Total Population Register and the Swedish cause of death register were linked.PARTICIPANTS: 2 694 442 unique individuals were analysed for VTE and multimorbidity.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Multimorbidity was determined by a counting method using 45 non-communicable diseases. Multimorbidity was defined by the occurrence of ≥2 diseases. A multimorbidity score was constructed defined by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 or more diseases.RESULTS: Sixteen percent (n=440 742) of the study population was multimorbid. Of the multimorbid patients, 58% were females. There was an association between multimorbidity and VTE. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for VTE in individuals with multimorbidity (2 ≥ diagnoses) was 3.16 (95% CI: 3.06 to 3.27) compared with individuals without multimorbidity. There was an association between number of diseases and VTE. The adjusted OR was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.86 to 2.02) for one disease, 2.93 (95% CI: 2.80 to 3.08) for two diseases, 4.07 (95% CI: 3.85 to 4.31) for three diseases, 5.46 (95% CI: 5.10 to 5.85) for four diseases and 9.08 (95% CI: 8.56 to 9.64) for 5 ≥ diseases. The association between multimorbidity and VTE was stronger in males OR 3.45 (3.29 to 3.62) than in females OR 2.91 (2.77 to 3.04). There were significant but mostly weak familial associations between multimorbidity in relatives and VTE.CONCLUSIONS: Increasing multimorbidity exhibits a strong and increasing association with VTE. Familial associations suggest a weak shared familial susceptibility. The association between multimorbidity and VTE suggests that future cohort studies where multimorbidity is used to predict VTE might be worthwhile.
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| 2. |
- Bengt, Halling, 1959-
(författare)
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Lean Implementation : the significance of people and dualism
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lean, with its origins at the Toyota Motor Company, is a concept that is known to increase effectiveness in manufacturing. The Lean concept is now argued to be relevant not only in manufacturing but in service and health-care delivery as well. The reported results of Lean implementation efforts are divided. There are reports that most of the Lean implementation efforts are not reaching the goal; on the other hand, there are reports of promising results. The divided results from Lean implementation efforts show how important it is to research and identify factors that are barriers to successful implementation of Lean. This thesis aims to contribute knowledge about barriers to Lean implementation by collecting empirical findings from manufacturing and health care and structuring the perceived barriers and difficulties to Lean implementation. My first study aimed to compare similarities and divergences in barriers to Lean described by key informants in manufacturing and health care. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that the perceived difficulties and barriers are much the same in manufacturing and health care. The second study was a case study at a manufacturing firm, researching how the views on Lean of the managers implementing Lean influence its implementation. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals and covered all hierarchical management levels in the company. Findings showed that managers' views on Lean influence the implementation but also that learning during the implementation process can alter managers' views of Lean. The third study aimed to research how management of Lean is described in the literature. This was done through a literature review. The findings showed that Lean management is a matter of dualism, consisting of two complementary systems of action, management and leadership, which are related to the two basic principles of Lean, continuous improvement and respect for the people.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a sense of coherence-based leadership for productivity and health at Scania
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics. - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. - 2045-7804 .- 2045-7812. ; 6:2, s. 179-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to explore if sense of coherence (SOC) theory can be used in human factors ergonomics (HFE) practice as a leadership approach to decrease the rate of sick leave and rehabilitation cases and increase work attendance among assembly personnel without impeding productivity. Via three studies carried out at the Swedish truck manufacturer Scania, we investigated the company’s key performance indicators and documented meetings with managers during the intervention. The results show that SOC can be used in HFE practice and that productivity, quality and attendance at work increased, while rehabilitation cases decreased. Our conclusion is that a health promotion approach among managers is essential in a lean organisation that aims to reduce waste in the company and optimise human capability and thereby productivity. SOC theory can support the creation of workplaces that are high performing and healthy, starting with concerns for the people creating the output.
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| 5. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Experienced Barriers to Lean in Swedish Manufacturing and Health Care
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Lean Thinking. - 2146-0337. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A B S T R A C T Purpose: The purpose is to compare similarities and divergences in how the concepts of Lean and barriers to Lean are described by key informants at a production unit in a large manufacturing company and two emergency health care units in Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the constant comparative method (CCM) and Porras and Robertson’s(1992) change model.Findings: In both organizations, the view of Lean changed from a toolbox to a human behavior view. Eight barriers were experienced in both organizations. Three barrierswere unique to manufacturing or to health care, respectively. Nine barriers were elements of social factors;five were elements of organizing arrangements.Research limitations/implications: Only people practically involved and responsible for the implementation at the two organizations participated in the study.Practical implications: Persons responsible for implementing Lean should consider organizational arrangements and social factors in order to limit barriers tosuccessful implementation.Originality/value: Most research on Lean has been about successful Lean implementations. This study focuses on how Lean is viewed and what barriers personnel inmanufacturing and health care have experienced. In comparing the barriers to Lean experienced in the two groups, common, archetypical, and unique barriers for manufacturing and health care can be identified, thus contributing to knowledge about barriers to Lean implementation.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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From Fantasy to Reality : Learning From Seven Years of Lean Implementation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of US-China Public Administration. - 1548-6591 .- 1935-9691. ; 10:4, s. 368-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to address the question of how manager’s views on Lean in terms of “toolbox Lean” or “Lean thinking” impact their view of the implementation process. This paper is based on a case study at a globally established Swedish manufacturing company. Findings show that managers’ definitions of Lean have evolved from a “toolbox” view toward more of a “Lean thinking” view during the implementation process, due to the learning taking place in the organization during the implementation. As the understanding of Lean develops, new and unforeseen deviations or needs may be identified. This in turn affects the managers’ views on the implementation process and perceived needs in regard to Lean development. The study also shows that fragmented development of an organization, such as production units developing individually without support from middle management or human resources (HR) may impede Lean development efforts. Lean implementation and development requiresystem wide change in order to be sustainable, which primarily concerns the management system and management approach but also all support functions within an organization. The use of external consultants in selected parts of an organization, thereby by-passing management levels and support functions may generate conflicting priorities and tension within an organization. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding regarding the learning process related to Lean implementations and to the aspects of people development and leadership required for sustainable Lean development.
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| 8. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-
(författare)
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Human Lean : Combining Sense of Coherence and Lean to achieve productivity and health
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to identify barriers to and supportive factors for Lean implementation and to investigate how application of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) theory combined with Lean philosophy may affect health and productivity. The thesis is based on five studies. The first study compared similarities and divergences in barriers to Lean described in interviews by informants in manufacturing and health care. The second study was a case study at a manufacturing firm. Interviews with managers implementing Lean revealed how their views on Lean influenced the implementation. In the third study, a literature analysis was used to conceptualize the concepts and roles of leadership and management in regard to Lean. In the fourth study it was explored how productivity, quality, work attendance and numbers of rehabilitation cases were influenced after implementation of sense of coherence theory based managerial behavior at three workplaces. The fifth study examined how the implementation of a new leadership approach based on the SOC theory combined with Lean philosophy relate to productivity, quality and levels of sick leave at a steel-producing company. The results from the studies show that the perceived difficulties and barriers are much the same in manufacturing and health care. Another finding was that managers' views on Lean influence the implementation but also that learning during the implementation process can alter their views. A third finding is that lean management is a matter of dualism, consisting of two complementary systems of action, management and leadership, which are related to the two basic principles of Lean, continuous improvement and respect for people. After application of the SOC theory combined with Lean as a basis for the managerial approach, there were improvements in productivity, quality, attendance at work and reduced levels of sick leave at all four studied workplaces, as well as fewer cases of rehabilitation at three workplaces. Several conclusions can be drawn. One is that Lean consultants with a limited approach to Lean, lack of a common organization-wide definition of Lean, and lack of supportive leadership are barriers to Lean implementation. Lean consultants with deep knowledge and capability to teach others Lean is a supportive factor. An organization-wide definition of Lean through an organization-specific Lean philosophy is another supportive factor. Managers that use both leadership and management to support people is a supportive factor to Lean. The study also shows that an application of SOC theory combined with Lean may be positively associated with health and productivity improvements. The overall conclusion is that people’s way of thinking and acting is the nucleus in Lean. To emphasize the importance of people, I suggest to call the approach of combining SOC and Lean “Human Lean.”
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| 9. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Intervention för ökad produktivitet och minskad sjukskrivning vid ett svenskt stålföretag
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 49-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BakgrundVid Fagersta stainless produktionsenhet för dragen tråd vidareförädlas rostfri valsad tråd till dragen tråd som sedan kan användas för tillverkning av olika produkter. Vid produk-tionsenhet för dragen tråd hade de under en längre tid haft lönsamhetsproblem och hög sjukfrånvaro och företagets ledning ansåg att något måste göras för att ändra detta. En ny produktionschef och tre produktionsledare anställdes med uppdraget att vända den negativa situationen. Beslut togs om en intervention som påbörjades år 2015.InterventionenSamtlig personal vid produktionsenheten (n=46, inkluderande en produktionschef, tre produktions-ledare samt operatörer) genomgick utbildning under våren 2015 vid Human Lean Center, Högskolan i Gävle. Utbildningen bestod av en teoretisk och en praktisk del. Utbildningens teoretiska del handlade om hälsa och hälsofrämjande samt Lean filosofi. Utbildningens praktiska del innebar att montera trampbilar vid taktad monteringslina med hjälp av Lean metoder och ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv utgående från att arbete skall vara meningsfullt, begripligt och hanterbart. Kunskapen från utbildningen omsattes sedan vid Fagersta stainless produktionsenhet för dragen tråd genom att fyra förändringar gen-omfördes. 1. Skapa möjlighet för arbetsledarna att tillbringa tid på produktionsgolvet för att stödja produktionspersonalen. 2. Introduktion av ”whiteboardmöten” för information vid början av alla skift. 3. Byggandet av gemensam lunchplats. 4. Standardiserat arbets-sätt vid avvikelser.MetodResultatet av interventionen mättes av Fagersta stainless med företagets system för upp-följning av produktivitet mätt i producerat ton stål per arbetare och sjukskrivningar mätta i procent av förlorad arbetstid i förhållande till möjlig arbetstid. Mätningar gjordes för år 2014, året före interventionen och för åren 2015-2017.ResultatResultatet efter interventionen visar att Produktivitet per arbetare ökade för åren 2015-2017. År 2014 som var året före interventionen var produktiviteten per arbetare 158,3 ton. År 2015 ökade den med 24,9%, 2016 ökade produktiviteten per arbetare med 3,6% och för 2017 var ökningen 11,4%. Under samma tid åren 2015-2017 som produktiviteten ökade så minskade sjukskrivningar. 2014 året före interventionen uppgick sjukskriv-ningarna till 15% av total möjlig tid för arbete (100%). År 2015 sjönk sjukskrivningarna till 7% och 2016 sjönk de till 3% för att 2017 sjunka ytterligare till 2,5%.SlutsatsGenom att kombinera hälsofrämjande teorier och Lean filosofi som delar i en utbildning med teoretiska och praktiska moment kan en kunskapsgrund läggas för en kontext-anpassad intervention som kan resultera i ökad produktivitet per arbetare samtidigt som sjukskrivningar kan minska. Verksamheter som vill öka produktivitet och samtidigt minska sjukskrivningar bör överväga att kombinera Lean filosofi med hälsofrämjande teori som strategi.
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| 10. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-
(författare)
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Lean : en fråga om tvåfald eller enfald
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningBiltillverkaren Toyota anses vara ett av världens effektivaste företag och beskrivs som en framgångssaga.Toyotas framgångar har lett till att många företag och organisationer inom olika branscher försökt lära av Toyota och deras sätt att bedriva sin verksamhet med syfte att nå liknande framgångar som Toyota way gett Toyota. Detta har vanligtvis skett under begreppet Lean. Lean som begrepp myntades och spreds av forskare i USA. Undersökningar av resultatet av de Lean införanden som gjorts i olika företag och organisationer visar att mycket få lyckas. SyfteReflektera över motsättningar och överensstämmelser av olika beskrivningar av Toyota Way och Lean, samt 2. reflektera över varför få lyckas med Lean.Resultaten viktig faktor bakom den höga andelen misslyckade Lean införanden är att Toyota way är ett tvåfaldigt system medan Lean, som införs med syfte att nå framgångar liknande de Toyota uppnått, oftast införs som ett enfaldigt system. För att fungera behöver Lean samma tvåfaldighet som Toyota way annars uppnås bara något som kan benämnas ”bluff Lean”.DiskussionÄr lösningen på nuvarande problem med den låga andelen framgångsrika Lean införanden att lära om och då från primärkällan Toyota.Finns det behov att skapa svenska Leanbegrepp?Är många Leankonsulter ett hot mot framgångsrikt införande av Lean?Vad lärs ut om Lean på svenska lärosäten, den tvåfaldiga eller den enfaldiga ”Lean modellen”?Är erfarenheterna från TWI och insikten från The European Productivity Agency’s Report of the Rome Conference 1958, om att överordnat allt annat är produktivitet en fråga om inställning, glömda i västvärlden?
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| 11. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lean and the implementation process : managers perspective on change
- 2011
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Ingår i: Det nya arbetslivet.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and aims: Research has shown that view on Lean production differs both between researchers and practitioners and that there is no uniform definition of the concept (Emiliani 2006; Pettersen 2009). Furthermore, the perspective on Lean production as toolbox or philosophy, sometimes expressed as Lean thinking, influences the Lean implementation. Implementation of Lean can be seen as a project or an initiation of an ongoing developmental process where learning is taking place (Rother 2010). The purpose of this paper is to survey managers´s wiew of lean in terms of “toolbox Lean” or Lean thinking and their view of the implementation process in terms of a project with a time limit or as an initiation of an ongoing developmental process. The intention is to increase understanding about the relationship betweenhow Lean production is defined and implemented. Method: This paper is based on a case study at a Swedish manufacturing company aiming tobecome a company working with a business system based on Lean principles. The study has a multilevel, vertical, perspective covering five hierarchical management levels in the organization, from president of the company to first line managers at the shop floor. Data was collected through individual semi structured interviews with 14 managers at different organizational levels. Findings and reflection: The view on Lean has, according to managers, evolved at all management levels within the organization during the implementation. From a starting point were Lean was perceived as a set of tools by most, it has, as the managers increased their knowledge evolved into a view that is more complex and also includes behavioral and cultural issues. This would indicate that even if the starting point of an implementation of Lean is Lean tool focused it may over time come to include issues of management protocol addressing cultural development, coaching and communication as learning regarding the organizational needs take place. The interviews showed that managers on different hierarchical levels of the organization believed there to be differences in view regarding Lean within the organization. We however found the view on Lean to be quite similar at all management levels, described as a customer focused; standardized way of working that is continuously improved by keeping a process focus. The impression of there being differences in view regarding Lean is most likely caused by a lack of dialogue between organizational levels within the organization. Varying competence levels regarding Lean and thereby varying ways of working within the organization may create a lack of support between production and support functions. Health and health promotion are seen as important factors at the production unit that was studied. Research limitations: Organizational size and only partial coverage of the organization may limit the results validity to the parts of the organization that was researched and to larger organizations. Value: This paper provides insights regarding the learning process connected to a Lean implementation and that alterations of perspectives and needs may take place during such a process. Keywords: Lean production; Lean management; Lean implementation Paper type: Case study
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| 12. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Lean leadership : A matter of dualism
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1465-6612 .- 1741-5160. ; 14:4, s. 242-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of previous literature, this study takes a snowball approach to identify people influential on the topics through their writings. The aim was to conceptualise leadership and management in regard to lean, thus increasing understanding of the roles of leadership and management in lean development. The findings showed that leadership and management are two different but complementary action systems, similar to the duality of Toyota's two foundational principles: respect for people and continuous improvement. Differentiating between leadership and management is important in order to meet organisational needs during a lean implementation; each has complementary functions. Practical implications include the need to further train managers in leadership and to work within organisational culture to influence on-the-job behaviour. This lack of leadership competence may be one reason companies tend to address lean as a toolbox rather than an enterprise-wide system that covers all its operations and entails cultural and behaviour standards.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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LEAN och Ledarskap
- 2012
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Ingår i:
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionResearch has shown that leadership is an important factor when implementing and developing a TPS (Toyota Production System) inspired Lean way of working in organizations. In spite of it´s stated importance, leadership is indicated as a weak area and a problem in many organizations striving to develop as Lean enterprises. To successfully implement and develop a sustainable Lean way of working it becomes essential to understand what kind of leadership a Lean organization requires. There is a stated gap in Lean literature regarding management and difficulties in implementation are indicated to often occur due to overlooked but crucial differences in approach in management.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe leadership from a Lean perspective and identify possible key factors regarding leadership for a developing Lean organization.Method: This paper is based on a literature study.Results: Leadership within a Lean organization can be said to be characterized by a deep knowledge regarding the operation processes in order to be able to mentor, coach, and develop employees in line with company standards, goals and vision. It is indicated that a leaders primary responsibility is to support in the development of subordinates by taking active part in problem solving and by role modeling. To develop people in a way means to continuously challenge them, this challenge being a way to assure continuous improvement. With a long term perspective and the principle of “respect for people” in mind this means balancing the challenge to avoid overburdening (muri). Two aspects are of importance here; deep knowledge regarding company processes, standards and protocol and a close working relationship with subordinates in order to be able to continously coach, mentor, and take active part in problem solving.Discussion: Leadership and the role of management in Lean implementation and development will, if continuous improvement and not just implementation of tools is aspired, be to support structures and behaviors needed for problem solving and organizational learning. Toyota is by several sources described as a learning organization and Lean systems based on Toyota will thus require a leadership and a management system that meet the requirements of a learning organization. This type of leadership appears to be similar to what Bass (1999) describes as transformational and transactional leadership where inspiration & idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration are key factors as well as goal setting, contracting, structure and standards.Value: This paper provides insights regarding possible key factors concerning leadership in regard to Lean implementation and development as well as the importance and purpose of leadership in a lean organization.
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| 15. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Presentation av Human Lean Center
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 145-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- InledningHuman Lean började som ett samarbete mellan Bengt Halling och några produktionslinor hos Scania för att se om hälsoteorin Känsla av sammanhang (Kasam) kunde hjälpa cheferna vid dessa arbetsplatser att öka hälsoläget bland medarbetarna med bibehållande av den positiva utveckling av produktiviteten som företaget uppvisat. Lärdomar från samarbetet låg som grund för etablerandet av Human Lean Center (HLC) vid högskolan i Gävle. Human Lean kan beskrivas som ett koncept som kombinerar Kasam och Lean filosofi och där människan ses som central för produktivitet och kvalitet.SyfteSyfte med etablerande av HLC är att erbjuda organisationer en utbildning som kombinerar hälsoteori och Lean filosofi för långsiktigt uthållig och konkurrenskraftig verksamhet. HLC nyttjas numera även vid olika studentutbildningar.MetodMetod vid utbildningen vid HLC bygger på att kombinera teori och praktik. Teorin handlar om hälsoteori och hälsofrämjande kombinerat med beskrivning av Lean konceptets historiska framväxt och Lean filosofi. Den praktiska delen av utbildningen handlar om att montera trampbilar längs en taktad produktionslina med hjälp av Lean metoder och verktyg utgående från att människan är central för produktion, att hälsa är en resurs med påverkan på människans förmåga och det innebär att arbetsplatser bör utformas så att de stödjer tillgången till människors förmåga att göra sitt bästa varje dag på jobbet. Att skapa arbetsplatser som stöder människor genom ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv behöver en strategi på daglig basis i human Lean sker detta genom komb-inationen Kasam och Lean filosofi. Med det menas att arbetsmiljön runt människor skall utformas med syftet skapa en känsla av att deras arbetssituation upplevs som meningsfull, begriplig och hanterbar.ResultatResultat från de arbetsplatser där Human Lean konceptet prövats visar på positiva effekter på såväl hälsa som produktivitet och kvalitet. Fagersta stainless avdelning för dragen tråd var ett av de första att genomgå utbildning vid HLC. Mikael Bergman från Fagersta finns på plats vid presentationen för att berätta om hur utbildningen uppfattats av personal och företaget.SlutsatserSlutsatser utifrån erfarenheter från utvecklingen av Human Lean konceptet och Human Lean Centers verksamhet är att Human Lean konceptet genom kombinationen hälsoteori och Lean filosofi samt teori och praktisk träning kan ge positiva effekter på verksam-heters produktivitet och kvalitet samtidigt som hälsonivån bland medarbetare höjs i form av minskad sjukskrivning och minskat behov av rehabilitering.
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| 16. |
- Halling, Bengt, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and Lean-based leadership and alterations in sick leave and production
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a need for more knowledge about leadership interventions and their implications for production and sick leave.OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study was to examine how productivity and rate of sick leave changed at a stainless wire manufacturing unit after implementing a new leadership approach based on Sense of Coherence theory (SOC) and Lean philosophy.METHODS: In this case study, productivity, quality and sick leave were evaluated through the company’s key performance indicators. The follow-up was also based on narrative descriptions from the management team in the course of four meetings during the intervention. Notes were taken and analyzed regarding perceived outcomes of the intervention.RESULTS: The results showed that productivity per worker increased, as did the amount of yearly production that met the quality specifications. The amount of sick leave decreased during the period of the intervention compared to before the intervention.CONCLUSIONS: A leadership approach based on SOC combined with Lean philosophy can positively influence productivity and decrease the rate of sick leave.
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| 17. |
- Halling, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of Coherence and Lean-based leadership and alterations in sick leave and productivity at a steel wire manufacturing unit
- 2021
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 68:4, s. 1211-1220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Managers have an important role in the creation of workplace conditions that prevent sick leave and lead to high performance. In Lean, the assumption is that people are the source for continuous improvements. There is a need for more knowledge about what kind of leadership can help managers in a Lean context to create workplace conditions for less sick leave and higher performance. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine how productivity and rate of sick leave changed at a stainless wire manufacturing unit after implementing a new leadership approach based on Sense of Coherence theory (SOC) and Lean philosophy. METHODS: In this case study, interventions coupled with productivity, quality and sick leave evaluations through the company's key performance indicators were performed. The follow-up was also based on narrative descriptions from the management team in the course of four meetings during the intervention. Notes were taken and analyzed regarding perceived outcomes of the intervention. RESULTS: The results showed that leadership based on SOC and Lean philosophy is positively correlated with productivity per worker, as was the amount of yearly production that met the quality specifications. The amount of sick leave decreased during the period of the intervention compared to before the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in management contribute to productivity. Combining Lean tools and Lean philosophy with the Sense of Coherence theory (SOC) as a base for leadership can influence productivity and decrease the rate of sick leave.
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| 18. |
- Renström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-functional Alignment for Lean Development Obstacles and Facilitators for Organizational Learning
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To see and understand Lean as a management system, as well as a willingness within management to practice the desired approach, are often described as central for Lean implementation and development. To achieve this, a strategic, system-wide approach to Lean development may be required. Such an approach would require cross-functional cooperation in driving improvements that affect organizational interdependencies. Cross-functional operation is a key factor for organizational learning, where learning is said to require individuals interacting for a specific purpose, learning together by trying to solve tasks and to improve performance. This goes beyond “team learning,” since by its organizational focus it addresses the management of interdependencies between organizational functions as well as among departments and hierarchical levels. Toyota, a company linked to the Lean concept, can often be found described as a learning organization. Its success is said to be closely linked to its ability to generate and manage organizational learning. Organizational learning emphasizes cross-functional social practice as the way to learn and develop. This paper, based on an explorative case study at a global manufacturing company, assesses prerequisites for cross-functional alignment and cooperation within a larger international production company. The question for the study was how managers describe obstacles and facilitators for cross-functional interaction for Lean development. Descriptions of obstacles and facilitators for cross-functional interaction given by managers point to the importance of a controlled management turnover and induction training, as well as formally established target conditions and collective performance management. Further conclusions are that organizational learning theory can be used to further understand requirements for Lean management by highlighting the importance of how and by whom daily steering or performance management and deviation handling is set up and performed. The results stress the importance of routines and composition of local management teams and their approach to shared responsibility and target achievement.
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| 19. |
- Sonesson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of two peat-forming mosses in subarctic mires: species interactions and effects of simulated climate change
- 2002
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 1600-0706 .- 0030-1299. ; 99:1, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In patches of co-occurring species in natural plant communities, there is a finely poised balance between species in the ways in which they respond to prevailing moisture and temperature regimes. However, environmental change scenarios, in which temperature, moisture and ultraviolet-B radiation are suggested to increase, may favour one of the species. The imbalance is likely to occur at the levels of interactions between patches of the different species and at the shoot level when neighbouring shoots belong to different species. We increased temperature and UV-B in a two-way factorial experiment and increased water supply independently in two subarctic mire communities dominated by the mosses Sphagnum fuscum and Dicranum elongatum. The effects of simulated increase in UV-B were studied using two separate radiation systems, i.e. a square wave system and a modulated system. When precipitation was enhanced, both species showed an increase in growth but this was not sustained beyond 5 mm per day. S. fuscum showed a 50 greater response to enhanced precipitation than did D. elongatum, as would be expected from their habitat preferences. Under ambient temperature, S. fuscum grew 67 faster than D. elongatum and this relative difference in response was maintained after one year under a temperature enhancement. The response by species over the winter period was moderated by their neighbours. S. fuscum growth was enhanced when it grew next to D. elongatum whereas D. elongatum grew better with neighbours of its own species. Increased temperature and UV-B radiation did not affect the interaction between the species. Although a balance was maintained between the two species over the short duration of the experiment, potential was shown for an imbalance to occur over longer periods and particularly if winter warming and precipitation are greater than those in summer. During the peak growing season 20 increased UV-B over ambient had a negative effect on S. fuscum under increased temperature but there were no overall seasonal effects on either species, irrespective of method of UV supplementation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Wijk, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Att väcka den björn som sover : reflektion över planering och implementering av en hälsointervention på en arbetsplats
- 2006
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Artikeln problematiserar planering och implementering av pedagogisk hälsointervention på arbetsplats, utifrån en fallstudie på en arbetsplats. Handhavanden och motsättningar i interventionsarbetet reflekteras. Interventionen var teoretiskt förankrad i Social Learning Theory, varvid miljö, beteende och personella faktorer beaktades vid planering och implementering. Syftet med artikeln är att illustrera en formativ process genom att reflektera över praktik och teori i interventionsarbetet. Konkreta exempel på hur emperi från arbetsplatsen har väglett val av strategier i interventionsarbetet, presenteras.
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| 22. |
- Zöller, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Familial aggregation of multimorbidity in Sweden: national explorative family study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Medicine. - 2754-0413. ; 2:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine whether multimorbidity aggregates in families in Sweden.Design National explorative family study.Setting Swedish Multigeneration Register linked to the National Patient Register, 1997-2015. Multimorbidity was assessed with a modified counting method of 45 chronic non-communicable diseases according to ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) diagnoses.Participants 2 694 442 Swedish born individuals (48.73% women) who could be linked to their Swedish born first, second, and third degree relatives. Twins were defined as full siblings born on the same date.Main outcome measures Multimorbidity was defined as two or more non-communicable diseases. Familial associations for one, two, three, four, and five or more non-communicable diseases were assessed to examine risks depending on the number of non-communicable diseases. Familial adjusted odds ratios for multimorbidity were calculated for individuals with a diagnosis of multimorbidity compared with relatives of individuals unaffected by multimorbidity (reference). An initial principal component decomposition followed by a factor analysis with a principal factor method and an oblique promax rotation was used on the correlation matrix of tetrachoric correlations between 45 diagnoses in patients to identify disease clusters.Results The odds ratios for multimorbidity were 2.89 in twins (95% confidence interval 2.56 to 3.25), 1.81 in full siblings (1.78 to 1.84), 1.26 in half siblings (1.24 to 1.28), and 1.13 in cousins (1.12 to 1.14) of relatives with a diagnosis of multimorbidity. The odds ratios for multimorbidity increased with the number of diseases in relatives. For example, among twins, the odds ratios for multimorbidity were 1.73, 2.84, 4.09, 4.63, and 6.66 for an increasing number of diseases in relatives, from one to five or more, respectively. Odds ratios were highest at younger ages: in twins, the odds ratio was 3.22 for those aged ≤20 years, 3.14 for those aged 21-30 years, and 2.29 for those aged >30 years at the end of follow-up. Nine disease clusters (factor clusters 1-9) were identified, of which seven aggregated in families. The first three disease clusters in the principal component decomposition were cardiometabolic disease (factor 1), mental health disorders (factor 2), and disorders of the digestive system (factor 3). Odds ratios for multimorbidity in twins, siblings, half siblings, and cousins for the factor 1 cluster were 2.79 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 8.06), 2.62 (2.39 to 2.88), 1.52 (1.34 to 1.73), and 1.31 (1.23 to 1.39), and for the factor 2 cluster, 5.79 (4.48 to 7.48) 3.24 (3.13 to 3.36), 1.51 (1.45 to 1.57), and 1.37 (1.341.40).Conclusions The results of this explorative family study indicated that multimorbidity aggregated in Swedish families. The findings suggest that map clusters of diseases should be used for the genetic study of common diseases to show new genetic patterns of non-communicable diseases.
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| 23. |
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