| 1. |
- Falstad, Niklas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Hidden or missing outflows in highly obscured galaxy nuclei?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 623
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the nuclear growth and feedback processes in galaxies requires investigating their often obscured central regions. One way to do this is to use (sub)millimeter line emission from vibrationally excited HCN (HCN-vib), which is thought to trace warm and highly enshrouded galaxy nuclei. It has been suggested that the most intense HCN-vib emission from a galaxy is connected to a phase of nuclear growth that occurs before the nuclear feedback processes have been fully developed. Aims. We aim to investigate if there is a connection between the presence of strong HCN-vib emission and the development of feedback in (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). Methods. We collected literature and archival data to compare the luminosities of rotational lines of HCN-vib, normalized to the total infrared luminosity, to the median velocities of 119 μm OH absorption lines, potentially indicating outflows, in a total of 17 (U)LIRGs. Results. The most HCN-vib luminous systems all lack signatures of significant molecular outflows in the far-infrared OH absorption lines. However, at least some of the systems with bright HCN-vib emission have fast and collimated outflows that can be seen in spectral lines at longer wavelengths, including in millimeter emission lines of CO and HCN (in its vibrational ground state) and in radio absorption lines of OH. Conclusions. We conclude that the galaxy nuclei with the highest L HCN-vib /L IR do not drive wide-angle outflows that are detectable using the median velocities of far-infrared OH absorption lines. This is possibly because of an orientation effect in which sources oriented in such a way that their outflows are not along our line of sight also radiate a smaller proportion of their infrared luminosity in our direction. It could also be that massive wide-angle outflows destroy the deeply embedded regions responsible for bright HCN-vib emission, so that the two phenomena cannot coexist. This would strengthen the idea that vibrationally excited HCN traces a heavily obscured stage of evolution before nuclear feedback mechanisms are fully developed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hallqvist, Johan, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
How to evaluate interaction between causes : a review of practices in cardiovascular epidemiology.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 239:5, s. 377-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase the knowledge of interaction or synergy between risk factors in an important task in medical research. Still, current literature in cardiovascular epidemiology reflects major misconceptions as how to evaluate interaction. This paper presents Rothman's model of causation from which strict empirical criteria of interaction can be derived. In principle, the method to apply consists of comparing risk differences for one risk factor of interest across strata of the other. Commonly used but incorrect approaches are exemplified and discussed. These include reporting risk of disease among those with combined exposure, comparing relative risks for one exposure after stratification by level of the other, and including an interaction term in the regression model and drawing conclusions from its P-value.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Stervik, Louise, 1993, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of early respiratory-related mortality after radiation therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer : feasibility of automatic data extraction for dose–response studies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X. ; 59:6, s. 628-635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the feasibility of automatic data extraction from clinical radiation therapy (RT) databases at four hospitals to investigate the impact of mean lung dose (MLD) and age on the risk of early respiratory-related death and early overall death for patients treated with RT for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods: We included adult patients with NSCLC receiving curatively intended RT between 2002 and 2017 at four hospitals. A script was developed to automatically extract RT-related data. The cause of death for patients deceased within 180 days of the start of RT was retrospectively assessed. Using logistic regression, the risks of respiratory-related death and of overall death within 90 and 180 days were investigated using MLD and age as variables. Results: Altogether, 1785 patients were included in the analysis of early overall mortality and 1655 of early respiratory-related mortality. The respiratory-related mortalities within 90 and 180 days were 0.9% (15/1655) and 3.6% (60/1655). The overall mortalities within 90 and 180 days were 2.5% (45/1785) and 10.6% (190/1785). Higher MLD and older age were associated with an increased risk of respiratory-related death within 180 days and overall death within 90 and 180 days (all p<.05). For example, the risk of respiratory-related death within 180 days and their 95% confidence interval for patients aged 65 and 75 years with MLDs of 20 Gy was according to our logistic model 3.8% (2.6–5.0%) and 7.7% (5.5–10%), respectively. Conclusions: Automatic data extraction was successfully used to pool data from four hospitals. MLD and age were associated with the risk of respiratory-related death within 180 days of the start of RT and with overall death within 90 and 180 days. A model quantifying the risk of respiratory-related death within 180 days was formulated.
|
|
| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Calibration and cross-validation of a car component using frequency response functions and a damping equalization technique
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 26th International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA 2014, Including the 5th International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, USD 2014. - 9789073802919 ; , s. 2625-2640
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The calibration of an FE model of a car subframe is reported. In this calibration the minimum deviation between finite element model data and experimental data is searched for. The outcome of the calibrated model and cross-validation results are compared with results of testing being made on an ensemble of seemingly identical subframes. The subframe model has 250,440 degrees-of-freedom and the calibration is made for 16 uncertain model parameters. The efficiency of the calibration procedure under these conditions is reported. With model calibration being a cornerstone of the finite element validation procedure, the calibration problem is normally characterized as being a large scale optimization problem with many model parameters to solve for and with deviation metric that are nonlinear in these parameters. The calibrated parameters need to be found by iterative procedures, starting from initial estimates of parameter values. Sometimes these procedures get trapped in local deviation function minima and do not converge to the globally optimal calibration solution that is searched for. Here, a calibration formulation which gives a smooth deviation metric with a large radius of convergence to the global minimum is used. A method that utilizes damping equalization is used to avoid the mode correlation and mode pairing problem that need to be solved in various other model updating procedures. The method is combined with model reduction for increased speed and employs the Levenberg-Marquardt minimizer with randomized starts to achieve the calibration solution. The MATLAB-based open-domain software tool FEMcali has been used for calibration, validation and cross-validation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Calibration and Validation of a Car Subframe Finite Element Model Using Frequency Responses
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2191-5644 .- 2191-5652. - 9783319152516 ; , s. 9-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A finite element model of a car front subframe has been calibrated against test data. Stepped-sine testing has been used to give frequency response function estimates on an ensemble of seemingly identical subframes. Therefore, the deviation between test data and simulation results can be compared in a meaningful way by the outcome of model calibration and cross-validation. Emphasis has been put on the preparation of the test pieces for high fidelity testing and on bettering the chances of getting a calibration outcome that provides insight into the physical processes that govern the subframe dynamics. The front subframe model has more than 200,000 degrees-of-freedom and 17 model calibration parameters. The efficiency of the calibration procedure under these conditions is reported. To achieve efficiency, a calibration with a smooth deviation metric is used together with a damping equalization method that eliminates the need for matching of experimental and analytical eigenmodes. The method is combined with surrogate model frequency response evaluation based on model reduction for increased speed. The Matlab based open-domain software tool FEMcali that employs the Levenberg-Marquardt minimizer with randomized starts has been used for calibration and an unregularized Gauss-Newton minimizer has been used in the cross-validation.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Boström, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic differences in smoking in an urban Swedish population. The bias introduced by non-participation in a mailed questionnaire.
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 21:2, s. 77-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stockholm Health of the Population Study is a cross-sectional study carried out from 1984-85. Postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and health interviews were used to get information from a sample of 5,199 persons, 18-64 years of age, on health status, risk exposures, healthcare consumption and social factors. Non-participation with respect to the postal questionnaire was 36.8%. With subsequent telephone interviews and an invitation to a health interview, non-participation was reduced to 17.8%. The estimated prevalence of daily smoking increased from 36.1% to 38.7. The non-responders had a higher prevalence of daily smoking in all sub-groups. This effect of the efforts to reduce non-participation differed socially. The prevalence of smoking for men, 40-64 years of age, who were reached by telephone was 60.3%. Male professionals and intermediate non-manual workers, 40-64 years of age reached by telephone had a prevalence of smoking, which was twice as high as for the responders of the questionnaire (62.5 and 26.8%, respectively). In the younger age-group, non-responders had the same socioeconomic pattern in smoking as the responders. Independent of socioeconomic group, there was a tendency of ill or disabled smokers to respond more quickly than healthy smokers. Using a postal questionnaire with a high non-response rate might lead to an overestimation of socioeconomic differences and an underestimation of smoking prevalence.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bozorg, Soran Rabin, 1993-
(författare)
-
Various Aspects of Gastrointestinal Disease : Examining Validity and Health Economic Outcomes
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Recent years have seen significant research advances within the gastroenterological field. Some of these consist of the recognition of serrated polyps as a precursor to colorectal cancer, and the realization of the health economic burden associated with gastrointestinal diseases.Aim: In this thesis, we aim to validate the specificity of serrated polyps in the ESPRESSO cohort (Paper I). We also aim to estimate work loss in patients with celiac disease, including the temporal relationship of work loss before and after diagnosis (Paper II).Method: By using the ESPRESSO cohort, we collected data on patients with serrated polyps and patients with celiac disease. In Paper I, the specificity of serrated polyps in the ESPRESSO cohort were validated by a structured retrospective review of patient chart. In Paper II, we estimated work loss in patients with celiac disease as compared withgeneral-population comparators matched on age, sex, county of residence and year of diagnosis.Result: The presence of a serrated polyp was confirmed in 101 out of 106 individuals identified through the ESPRESSO cohort, yielding a positive predictive value of 95% (95% confidence interval: 89-98%). Patients with celiac disase had 42.5 lost work days as compared to 28.6 days in comparators (mean difference, 14.7; 95% confidence interval, 13.2-16.2), corresponding to a relative increase of 49%. Excess work loss in patients with celiac disease was observed even 5 years before diagnosis and remained eleveated during the years after diagnosis this loss. Notebly, the excess work loss was concentrated to a small proportion while most celiac patients did not have any work loss before or after diagnosis. Conclusion: The ESPRESSO cohort has a high specificity for serrated polyps. Patients with celiac disease miss more work days than the general population even before diagnosis, and this loss persists after diagnosis.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Diderichsen, F, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in occupational mortality among middle-aged men in Sweden 1961-1990.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 26:4, s. 782-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many European countries have in recent decades reported growing socioeconomic differentials in mortality. While these trends have usually paralleled high unemployment and increasing income disparities, Sweden had low unemployment and narrowing income differences. This study describes trends, 1961-1990, in total and cardiovascular mortality among men, 45-69 years of age, in major occupational classes in Sweden. METHODS: From census data four cohorts were created from those enumerated in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1985. Through record linkage with the Swedish cause of death registry the mortality in each cohort was followed for 5-10 years. Age-standardized mortality trends 1961-1990 were calculated for occupational groups, categorized according to sector of the economy. RESULTS: The increase in mortality among middle-aged men in Sweden 1965-1980 was mainly a result of increasing cardiovascular mortality among industrial workers and farmers. In the 1980s the trend for these groups changed into a last decrease in mortality similar to that for non-manual occupations for the whole period. Consequently the rate ratio for industrial workers in comparison with men having a professional/managerial type of occupation increased from 0.98 to 1.43. The slowest decrease is now found among unqualified occupations in services and transportation. CONCLUSIONS: While Sweden, during the period studied, had narrowing income differentials and low unemployment this result points to the importance of working conditions in understanding trends and distribution of male adult mortality.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Hallqvist, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multiplexed Urinary Biomarker Panel Has Potential for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Using Targeted Proteomics and Machine Learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 24:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As disease-modifying therapies are now available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), accessible, accurate and affordable biomarkers to support diagnosis are urgently needed. We sought to develop a mass spectrometry-based urine test as a high-throughput screening tool for diagnosing AD. We collected urine from a discovery cohort (n = 11) of well-characterised individuals with AD (n = 6) and their asymptomatic, CSF biomarker-negative study partners (n = 5) and used untargeted proteomics for biomarker discovery. Protein biomarkers identified were taken forward to develop a high-throughput, multiplexed and targeted proteomic assay which was tested on an independent cohort (n = 21). The panel of proteins identified are known to be involved in AD pathogenesis. In comparing AD and controls, a panel of proteins including MIEN1, TNFB, VCAM1, REG1B and ABCA7 had a classification accuracy of 86%. These proteins have been previously implicated in AD pathogenesis. This suggests that urine-targeted mass spectrometry has potential utility as a diagnostic screening tool in AD.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Hallqvist, Johan, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does heavy physical exertion trigger myocardial infarction? A case-crossover analysis nested in a population-based case-referent study.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 151:5, s. 459-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study possible triggering of first events of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion, the authors conducted a case-crossover analysis (1993-1994) within a population-based case-referent study in Stockholm County, Sweden (the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program). Interviews were carried out with 699 myocardial infarction patients after onset of the disease. These cases represented 47 percent of all cases in the study base, and 70 percent of all nonfatal cases. The relative risk from vigorous exertion was 6.1 (95% confidence interval: 4.2, 9.0). The rate difference was 1.5 per million person-hours, and the attributable proportion was 5.7 percent. The risk was modified by physical fitness, with an increased risk being seen among sedentary subjects as in earlier studies, but the data also suggested a U-shaped association. In addition, the trigger effect was modified by socioeconomic status. Premonitory symptoms were common, and this implies risks of reverse causation bias and misclassification of case exposure information that require methodological consideration. Different techniques (the use of the usual-frequency type of control information, a pair-matched analysis, and a standard case-referent analysis) were applied to overcome the threat of misclassification of control exposure information. A case-crossover analysis in a random sample of healthy subjects resulted in a relative risk close to unity, as expected.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hallqvist, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction and model selection - Reply
- 1997
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. - 0954-6820. ; 241:6, s. 536-536
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 18. |
- Hallqvist, Johan, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Is the effect of job strain on myocardial infarction risk due to interaction between high psychological demands and low decision latitude? Results from Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 46:11, s. 1405-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives are to examine if the excess risk of myocardial infarction from exposure to job strain is due to interaction between high demands and low control and to analyse what role such an interaction has regarding socioeconomic differences in risk of myocardial infarction. The material is a population-based case-referent study having incident first events of myocardial infarction as outcome (SHEEP: Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program). The analysis is restricted to males 45-64 yr of age with a more detailed analysis confined to those still working at inclusion. In total, 1047 cases and 1450 referents were included in the analysis. Exposure categories of job strain were formed from self reported questionnaire information. The results show that high demands and low decision latitude interact with a synergy index of 7.5 (95% C.I.: 1.8-30.6) providing empirical support for the core mechanism of the job strain model. Manual workers are more susceptible when exposed to job strain and its components and this increased susceptibility explains about 25-50% of the relative excess risk among manual workers. Low decision latitude may also, as a causal link, explain about 30% of the socioeconomic difference in risk of myocardial infarction. The distinction between the interaction and the causal link mechanisms identifies new etiologic questions and intervention alternatives. The specific causes of the increased susceptibility among manual workers to job strain and its components seem to be an interesting and important research question.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Hallqvist, Johan, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic differences in risk of myocardial infarction 1971-1994 in Sweden : time trends, relative risks and population attributable risks.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 27:3, s. 410-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The general trend in incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the Stockholm area changed from increasing to decreasing around 1980. The objective of this study is to examine time trends in incidence in major socioeconomic strata, relative risk between socioeconomic groups and population risk attributable to socioeconomic differences during this period. METHODS: All cases of MI from 1971 to 1986 were identified from hospital discharge and cause-of-death registers. Person-years for each year of follow-up were calculated from the population register in the Stockholm region 1971-1986. Census registers were used for information on socioeconomic status. Register information was individually linked through the Swedish personal identification number. Supplementary information for 1992-1994 was taken from the case-control study SHEEP (Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program). RESULTS: The decline in MI risk among male high- and middle-level employees started in 1976 and in male manual workers in 1981. For women incidence increased from 1971 to 1986 among manual workers and decreased among high- and middle-level employees. The increase over time of the relative risk from low socioeconomic position continued into the 1990s. Despite the reduction of the category of manual workers, the population attributable risk from socioeconomic differences also increased over time. The process of social change influencing the size of the socioeconomic groups contributes to the change in time trends of MI morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The increase over time of relative and population attributable risks of MI from low socioeconomic status add to the public health importance of social inequity.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Kölegård Stjärne, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic context in area of living and risk of myocardial infarction : results from Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 56:1, s. 29-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyse if socioeconomic characteristics in area of living affect the risk of myocardial infarction in a Swedish urban population, and to evaluate to what extent the contextual effect is confounded by the individual exposures. DESIGN: A population based case-referent study (SHEEP). SETTING: Cases (n=1631) were all incident first events of myocardial infarction during 1992-1994. The study base included all Swedish citizens aged 45-70 years, living in Stockholm metropolitan area during these years. The social context of all metropolitan parishes (n=89) was determined by routine statistics on 21 socioeconomic indicators. A factor analysis of the socioeconomic indicators resulted in three dimensions of socioeconomic deprivation, which were analysed separately as three different contextual exposures. MAIN RESULTS: The main characteristics of the extracted factors were; class structure, social exclusion and poverty. Among men, there were increased relative risks of similar magnitudes (1.28 to 1.33) in the more deprived areas according to all three dimensions of the socioeconomic context. However, when adjusting for individual exposures, the poverty factor had the strongest contextual impact. The contextual effects among women showed a different pattern. In comparison with women living the most affluent areas according to the class structure index, women in the rest of Stockholm metropolitan area had nearly 70% higher risk of myocardial infarction after adjustment for individual social exposures. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the socioeconomic context in area of living increases the risk of myocardial infarction. The increased risk in only partially explained by individual social factors (the compositional effect).
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Lundberg, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure-dependent misclassification of exposure in interaction analyses.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 10:5, s. 545-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this paper are to analyze the consequences of exposure misclassification on effect estimates in interaction analysis, and to develop a mathematical equation for the potentially biased estimate. The main point is to identify situations in which misclassification of the first exposure, dependent on the second exposure but independent on outcome status, leads to overestimation or underestimation of the interaction effect. We show that misclassification theoretically can cause overestimation of the interaction effect. Nevertheless, because the categories that yield overestimation due to misclassification are fewer than the categories that yield underestimation, and misclassification in reality mostly is multidimensional (more than one category are biased simultaneously), it is more likely that the effect of misclassification is underestimation rather than overestimation. Misclassification in the categories that lead to overestimation is compensated by misclassification in the categories that lead to underestimation. The magnitude of the biased estimate depends on the prevalences of the misclassified exposure, stratified for the second exposure and the outcome-the lower the prevalence, the smaller the bias.
|
|
| 34. |
- Lundberg, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Is the association between short stature and myocardial infarction explained by childhood exposures--a population-based case referent study (SHEEP)
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 30:4, s. 249-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study was undertaken to examine the association between short stature and acute non-fatal myocardial infarction and to analyse causal mechanisms related to height with a focus on childhood risk factors. Method: The SHEEP (Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program) is a population-basedcase-referent study. The outcome was incident first events of myocardial infarction. The study base included all Swedish citizens aged 45 to 70, who lived in Stockholm County during 1992-94. This analysis is based on 967 male cases, 412 female cases and 1696 referents. Exposure information was obtained through questionnaires, interviews, health examinations, and obstetric records. Results: Adult height was inversely related to myocardial infarction. The odds ratio for men in the shortest quartile (<173 cm) compared with the tallest was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.28). For women the corresponding odds ratio in the shortest quartile (< 159 cm) was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.71). Height was also inversely associated with fetal growth and indicators of material resources during childhood. Within each social class of origin short stature was associated with number of siblings, lack of higher education, and absence of upward social mobility. Adjustment for childhood risk factors decreased the excess relative risk of short stature with around 25%. Adult social, behavioural, and biological risk factors could not explain the association. The findings were similar for men and women. Conclusion: Height is associated with many risk factors of myocardial infarction, which increase the risk of disease through many different causal pathways. Childhood exposures have no dominant role in explaining the association between short stature and myocardial infarction.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Möller, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Do episodes of anger trigger myocardial infarction? A case-crossover analysis in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 61:6, s. 842-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to study anger as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to explore potential effect modification by usual behavioral patterns related to hostility. METHODS: This study was a case-crossover study within the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. Exposure in the period immediately preceding MI was compared with exposure during a control period for each case. From April 1993 to December 1994, 699 patients admitted to coronary care units in Stockholm County were interviewed. RESULTS: During a period of 1 hour after an episode of anger, with an intensity of at least "very angry," the relative risk of MI was 9.0 (95% CI, 4.4-18.2). In patients with premonitory symptoms, the time of disease initiation may be misclassified. When restricting the analyses to those without such symptoms, the trigger risk was 15.7 (95% CI, 7.6-32.4). The possibility of examining effect modification was limited by a lack of statistical power (eight exposed cases). Results of the analyses suggested, however, an increased trigger effect among subjects reporting nonhostile usual behavior patterns, nonovert strategies of coping with aggressive situations (not protesting when being treated unfairly), and nonuse of beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that anger may trigger MI is further supported, with an increased risk lasting for approximately 1 hour after an outburst of anger. It is suggested that the trigger risk may be modified by personal behavior patterns.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Möller, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction. A case-crossover analysis in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP).
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X .- 0007-0769. ; 86:4, s. 387-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction and the potential effect modification of physical fitness. DESIGN: A case-crossover study nested in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP). SETTING: Stockholm County from April 1993 to December 1994. PATIENTS: All patients with a first episode of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction admitted to coronary care units were eligible, and 699 patients participated in an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Only 1.3% of the patients without premonitory symptoms had sexual activity during two hours before the onset of myocardial infarction. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 to 6.5) during one hour after sexual activity, and the risk among patients with a sedentary life was 4.4 (95% CI 1.5 to 12.9). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of myocardial infarction after sexual activity and the further increase in risk among the less physically fit support the hypothesis of causal triggering by sexual activity. However, the absolute risk per hour is very low, and exposure is relatively infrequent. Thus having sex once a week only increases the annual risk of myocardial infarction slightly. Counselling should focus on encouraging patients to live a physically active life and not on abstaining from sexual activity.
|
|
| 39. |
- Olén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing Risk of Lymphoma Over Time in Crohn's Disease but Not in Ulcerative Colitis : A Scandinavian Cohort Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 21:12, s. 3132-3142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Earlier studies have provided varying risk estimates for lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often have been limited by detection biases (especially during the first year of follow-up evaluation), misclassification, and small sample size; and rarely reflect modern-day management of IBD.Methods: We performed a binational register-based cohort study (Sweden and Denmark) from 1969 to 2019. We compared 164,716 patients with IBD with 1,639,027 matched general population reference individuals. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident lymphoma by lymphoma subtype, excluding the first year of follow-up evaluation.Results: From 1969 to 2019, 258 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 479 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 6675 matched reference individuals developed lymphoma. This corresponded to incidence rates of 35 (CD) and 34 (UC) per 100,000 person-years in IBD patients, compared with 28 and 33 per 100,000 person-years in their matched reference individuals. Although both CD (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.50) and UC (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20) were associated with an increase in lymphoma, the 10-year cumulative incidence difference was low even in CD patients (0.08%; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13). HRs have increased in the past 2 decades, corresponding to increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics during the same time period. HRs were increased for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD and UC patients, and for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD patients. Although the highest HRs were observed in patients exposed to combination therapy (immunomodulators and biologics) or second-line biologics, we also found increased HRs in patients naïve to such drugs.Conclusions: During the past 20 years, the risk of lymphomas have increased in CD, but not in UC, and were driven mainly by T-cell lymphomas and aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Reuterwall, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Higher relative, but lower absolute risks of myocardial infarction in women than in men : analysis of some major risk factors in the SHEEP study. The SHEEP Study Group.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 246:2, s. 161-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Middle-aged men have often been the subjects of multifactorial studies of myocardial infarction (MI) risk factors. One major objective of the SHEEP study was to compare the effects of different MI risk factors in women and men. DESIGN: SHEEP (Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program) is a population-based case-referent study of causes of MI (first event) in Swedish women and men aged 45-70 years. During the period 1992-94, 2246 cases of MI were identified; 34% of the cases were women and 27% of the cases were fatal. One referent per case was chosen randomly from the Stockholm County population after stratification for the case's sex and age. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risks associated with risk factors of primary interest (diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, overweight, physical inactivity, smoking and job strain). RESULTS: The relative risk estimates ranged from 1.5 to 4.4 in women and from 1.3 to 2.9 in men (results for nonfatal cases and their referents). None of the 95% confidence intervals included 1.0. The relative risks were higher in the women than in the men (101-180%). The absolute risks, however, were all lower in the women than in the men. Estimates of Rothman's synergy index for gender ranged from 1.0 (hypertension) to 1.8 (current smoking). CONCLUSIONS: The indications of some effect modification due to sex (stronger risks in men for certain exposures) invoke the question of possible mechanisms.
|
|
| 42. |
- Romelsjö, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Participation of primary health care personnel in the Stockholm Health of the Population Study--a preliminary report.
- 1988
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of primary health care. Supplement. - 0284-6020. ; 1, s. 97-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1984/85 Stockholm Health of the Population Study (HPS) was a cross sectional study including a questionnaire and a health examination. It was conducted through the ordinary health personnel of four Primary Health Care (PHC) districts in the Stockholm County. The main objective was to broaden the scope for planning health care. One of the goals of the study was to involve those working in PHC in planning their activities after local needs and to use more time for prevention work. The main effort to reach this objective was through involvement of the PHC personal from the early planning phase. This strategy was very time consuming but, on the other hand experiences from the HPS have led to both new screening activities of e.g high consumers of alcohol and the elderly, and preventive work aimed at those with smoking and overweight problems in the local PHC area. In the implementation process and through education the scientific approach level and interest in primary health care increased. A keen interest of survey data for local planning is obvious.
|
|
| 43. |
- Romelsjö, A, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between stressful working conditions and high alcohol consumption and severe alcohol problems in an urban general population.
- 1992
-
Ingår i: British journal of addiction. - 0952-0481. ; 87:8, s. 1173-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between 15 measures of stressful working conditions and high alcohol consumption (35 g 100% ethanol per day or more for men and 25 g or more for women) was studied, using cross-sectional data from a general population survey of 1344 males and 1494 females; the ages 25-64 years in metropolitan Stockholm in 1984. In a longitudinal component of the study, hospitalization and mortality with alcohol-related diagnosis was assessed during 1984-90, and also the association between previous experience of unemployment and high alcohol consumption. Some of the associations, expressed as age-adjusted odds ratios, were positive and some were negative when high alcohol consumption was the endpoint, but there was a clear variation by sex and social class. Generally the positive associations were stronger among male non-manual employees. Among males, there was a clear association between stressful working conditions and subsequent risk of severe medical alcohol-related problems, but the precision of the estimates was low due to low number of cases. The odds ratio was 6.18 (95% confidence interval 1.86, 20.61) for twisted working positions and 6.74 (95% confidence interval 1.67, 27.19). Previous unemployment among males was associated with increased risk for high alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 5.71 (95% CI 1.39, 15.97) among those who had been unemployed more than once, and 1.67 (95% CI 0.76, 3.64) among those who had been unemployed once during the previous 5 years. Those and other increased odds ratios were lower when subjects with an alcohol diagnosis at inpatient care during 1980-84 were excluded in the analyses. On the whole, our findings are not conclusive. The strong, but imprecise associations between stressful working conditions and severe alcohol problems, are however challenging, and warrants further studies, preferably with longitudinal design and repeated measurements of both working condition and alcohol habits.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Rosenlund, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental tobacco smoke and myocardial infarction among never-smokers in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 12:5, s. 558-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increased risk for myocardial infarction (MI) related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has previously been reported, but several aspects of the association are still uncertain. We studied the MI risk associated with ETS exposure among 334 nonfatal never-smoking MI cases and 677 population controls, 45-70 years of age, in Stockholm County. A postal questionnaire with a telephone follow-up provided information on ETS exposure and other potential risk factors for MI. After adjustment for age, gender, hospital catchment area, body mass index, socioeconomic status, job strain, hypertension, diet, and diabetes mellitus, the odds ratio for MI was 1.58 (95% confidence interval = 0.97-2.56) for an average daily exposure of 20 cigarettes or more from the spouse. Combined exposure from spouse and work showed an increasing odds ratio for MI, up to 1.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.34) in the highest category of weighted duration, that is, more than 90 "hour-years" of exposure (1 "hour-year" = 365 hours, or 1 hour per day for 1 year). In addition, more recent exposure appeared to convey a higher risk. Our data confirm an increased risk of MI from exposure to ETS and suggest that intensity of spousal exposure, combined exposure from spouse and work, and time since last exposure are important.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
