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- Olén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Risk of Lymphoma Over Time in Crohn's Disease but Not in Ulcerative Colitis : A Scandinavian Cohort Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 21:12, s. 3132-3142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Earlier studies have provided varying risk estimates for lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often have been limited by detection biases (especially during the first year of follow-up evaluation), misclassification, and small sample size; and rarely reflect modern-day management of IBD.Methods: We performed a binational register-based cohort study (Sweden and Denmark) from 1969 to 2019. We compared 164,716 patients with IBD with 1,639,027 matched general population reference individuals. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident lymphoma by lymphoma subtype, excluding the first year of follow-up evaluation.Results: From 1969 to 2019, 258 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 479 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 6675 matched reference individuals developed lymphoma. This corresponded to incidence rates of 35 (CD) and 34 (UC) per 100,000 person-years in IBD patients, compared with 28 and 33 per 100,000 person-years in their matched reference individuals. Although both CD (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.50) and UC (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20) were associated with an increase in lymphoma, the 10-year cumulative incidence difference was low even in CD patients (0.08%; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13). HRs have increased in the past 2 decades, corresponding to increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics during the same time period. HRs were increased for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD and UC patients, and for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD patients. Although the highest HRs were observed in patients exposed to combination therapy (immunomodulators and biologics) or second-line biologics, we also found increased HRs in patients naïve to such drugs.Conclusions: During the past 20 years, the risk of lymphomas have increased in CD, but not in UC, and were driven mainly by T-cell lymphomas and aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
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- Bennet, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Association of TNF-α serum levels and TNFA promoter polymorohisms with risk of myocardial infarction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 187:2, s. 408-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and presence of polymorphisms of the TNFA gene have been implicated in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. We explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the TNFA gene (−1031C/T, −863C/A −857T/C, −308G/A, −238G/A), protein levels of TNF-α and their association to myocardial infarction (MI) using a sample of 1213 post-MI patients and 1561 healthy controls. MI risk was higher among men with elevated TNF-α levels, with the highest compared to the lowest TNF-α quartile giving a 70% risk increase (OR [95% CI]: 1.7 [1.1; 2.6]). Obese subjects who also had elevated TNF-α levels were at even higher risk for MI (OR [95% CI]: 3.4 [2.1; 5.6]). Higher TNF-α levels were seen among smokers (but not among non-smokers) carrying the −857T allele. Furthermore, a rare haplotype occurred more frequently among the cases than the controls. Elevated TNF-α levels are associated with increased MI risk. Obese subjects with elevated TNF-a levels, and carriers of polymorphisms in or near TNFA are particularly susceptible to the hazards of smoking, results which may have implications for cardiovascular preventive measures.
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- Falstad, Niklas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Hidden or missing outflows in highly obscured galaxy nuclei?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the nuclear growth and feedback processes in galaxies requires investigating their often obscured central regions. One way to do this is to use (sub)millimeter line emission from vibrationally excited HCN (HCN-vib), which is thought to trace warm and highly enshrouded galaxy nuclei. It has been suggested that the most intense HCN-vib emission from a galaxy is connected to a phase of nuclear growth that occurs before the nuclear feedback processes have been fully developed. Aims. We aim to investigate if there is a connection between the presence of strong HCN-vib emission and the development of feedback in (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). Methods. We collected literature and archival data to compare the luminosities of rotational lines of HCN-vib, normalized to the total infrared luminosity, to the median velocities of 119 μm OH absorption lines, potentially indicating outflows, in a total of 17 (U)LIRGs. Results. The most HCN-vib luminous systems all lack signatures of significant molecular outflows in the far-infrared OH absorption lines. However, at least some of the systems with bright HCN-vib emission have fast and collimated outflows that can be seen in spectral lines at longer wavelengths, including in millimeter emission lines of CO and HCN (in its vibrational ground state) and in radio absorption lines of OH. Conclusions. We conclude that the galaxy nuclei with the highest L HCN-vib /L IR do not drive wide-angle outflows that are detectable using the median velocities of far-infrared OH absorption lines. This is possibly because of an orientation effect in which sources oriented in such a way that their outflows are not along our line of sight also radiate a smaller proportion of their infrared luminosity in our direction. It could also be that massive wide-angle outflows destroy the deeply embedded regions responsible for bright HCN-vib emission, so that the two phenomena cannot coexist. This would strengthen the idea that vibrationally excited HCN traces a heavily obscured stage of evolution before nuclear feedback mechanisms are fully developed.
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- Möller, J, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction. A case-crossover analysis in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP).
- 2001
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X .- 0007-0769. ; 86:4, s. 387-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction and the potential effect modification of physical fitness. DESIGN: A case-crossover study nested in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP). SETTING: Stockholm County from April 1993 to December 1994. PATIENTS: All patients with a first episode of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction admitted to coronary care units were eligible, and 699 patients participated in an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Only 1.3% of the patients without premonitory symptoms had sexual activity during two hours before the onset of myocardial infarction. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 to 6.5) during one hour after sexual activity, and the risk among patients with a sedentary life was 4.4 (95% CI 1.5 to 12.9). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of myocardial infarction after sexual activity and the further increase in risk among the less physically fit support the hypothesis of causal triggering by sexual activity. However, the absolute risk per hour is very low, and exposure is relatively infrequent. Thus having sex once a week only increases the annual risk of myocardial infarction slightly. Counselling should focus on encouraging patients to live a physically active life and not on abstaining from sexual activity.
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- Bohman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy lifestyle behaviour and risk of long-duration troublesome neck pain among men and women with occasional neck pain : results from the Stockholm public health cohort
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The effect of a healthy lifestyle on the prognosis of neck pain is unknown. This study aimed to investigate if a healthy lifestyle behaviour influences the risk of long-duration troublesome neck pain among men and women with occasional neck pain.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTINGS: General population, and a subsample of the working population, in Stockholm County, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: This study involved 5342 men and 7298 women, age 18 to 84, from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, reporting occasional neck pain at baseline in 2006.MEASURES: Baseline information about leisure physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and consumption of fruits and vegetables were dichotomised into recommendations for healthy/not healthy behaviour. The exposure, a healthy lifestyle behaviour, was categorised into four levels according to the number of healthy behaviours (HB) met. Generalised linear models were applied to assess the exposure on the outcome long-duration troublesome neck pain (activity-limiting neck pain ≥2 days/week during the past 6 months), at follow-up in 2010.RESULTS: The adjusted risk of long-duration troublesome neck pain decreased with increasing adherence to a healthy lifestyle behaviour among both men and women (trend test: p<0.05). Compared with the reference category, none or one HB, the risk decreased by 24% (risk ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.98) among men and by 34% (0.66, 0.54 to 0.81) among women, with three or four HBs. The same comparison showed an absolute reduction of the outcome by 3% in men (risk difference -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01) and 5% in women (-0.05,-0.08 to -0.03). Similar results were found in the working population subsample.CONCLUSION: Adhering to a healthy lifestyle behaviour decreased the risk of long-duration troublesome neck pain among men and women with occasional neck pain. The results add to previous research and supports the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle behaviour.
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