| 1. |
- Danielsson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The cross-section and branching fractions for dissociative recombination of the diacetylene cation C4D2
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-3806 .- 1873-2798. ; 273:3, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report the results of a study on the dissociative recombination (DR) of the diacetylene cation, C4D2+, which has been carried out at the ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm, Sweden. The energy-dependent absolute DR cross-section as well as the branching fractions at 0 eV collision energy were measured. The DR cross-section was best fitted using the expression σ(E) = (7.5 ± 1.5) × 10−16 × E−(1.29±0.03) cm2 over the collision energy range 1–100 meV. The thermal rate coefficient was deduced from the cross-section to be α(T) = (1.10 ± 0.15) × 10−6 × (T/300)−(0.79±0.03) cm3/s. The reported branching fractions for C4D2+ agree with previous experiments on the DR of C4H2+ performed at the ASTRID storage ring in Aarhus, Denmark, and furthermore, indicate that the DR of C4D2+ possesses only two channels leading to the following products: C4D + D (75%) and C2D + C2D (25%).
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| 2. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Studies of (HCO+)-C-13 Recombining with Electrons at Energies between 2-50 000 meV
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 118:31, s. 6034-6049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigation into the dissociative recombination process for (HCO+)-C-13 using merged ion-electron beam methods has been performed at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING, Stockholm, Sweden. We have measured the branching fractions of the different product channels at similar to 0 eV collision energy to be the following: CO + H 87 +/- 2%, OH + C 9 +/- 2%, and O + CH 4 +/- 2%. The formation of electronically excited CO in the dominant reaction channel has also been studied, and we report the following tentative branching fractions for the different CO product electronic states: CO(X (1)Sigma(+)) + H, 54 +/- 10%; CO(a (3)Pi) + H, 23 +/- 4%; and CO(a' (3)Sigma(+)) + H, 23 +/- 4%. The absolute cross section between similar to 2-50 000 meV was measured and showed resonance structures between 3 and 15 eV. The cross section was fitted in the energy range relevant to astrophysics, i.e., between 1 and 300 meV, and was found to follow the expression sigma = 1.3 +/- 0.3 X 10(-16) E-1.29 +/- 0.05 cm(2) and the corresponding thermal rate constant was determined to be k(T) = 2.0 +/- 0.4 X 10(-7)(T/300)(-0.79 +/- 0.05) cm(3) s(-1). Radioastronomical observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope of HCO+ toward the Red Rectangle yielded an upper column density limit of 4 X 10(11) cm(-2) of HCO+ at the 1 sigma level in that object, indicating that previous claims that the dissociative recombination of HCO+ plays an important role in the production of excited CO molecules emitting the observed Cameron bands in that object are not supported.
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| 3. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies on the dissociative recombination of H13CO+ with electrons at energies between 2 – 50 000 meV
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Determination of dissociative recombination processes of H13CO+ using merged ion-electron beam methods has been performed at the heavy storage ring CRYRING, Stockholm, Sweden. We have measured the branching fractions at ~0 eV as: CO+H 87±2%, OH+C 9±2% and O+CH 4±2%. The channels leading to CO+H have the following branching fractions between the accessible electronic states of CO(X1S+)+H 46±3%, CO(a3Pg)+H 20±1% and CO(a’3S+)+H 34±3% respectively. The reaction cross section was fitted between 1-300 meV and followed the expression σ = 1.2±0.25×10-16 E-1.32±0.02 cm2 and the corresponding thermal rate constant was determined to k(T) = 2.0±0.4×10−7(T/300)−0.82±0.02 cm3s−1. The cross sections between ~2-50 000 meV were investigated showing resonant structures between 3-15 eV.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of fully deuterated protonated acetonitrile, CD3CND+ : Product branching fractions, absolute cross section and thermal rate coefficient
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 10, s. 4014-4019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissociative recombination of fully deuterated protonated acetonitrile, CD3CND+, has been investigated at the CRYRING heavy ion storage ring, located at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden. Branching fractions were measured at similar to 0 eV relative collision energy between the ions and the electrons and in 65% of the DR events there was no rupture of bonds between heavy atoms. In the remaining 35%, one of the bonds between the heavy atoms was broken. The DR cross-section was measured between similar to 0 eV and 1 eV relative collision energy. In the energy region between 1 meV and 0.1 eV the cross section data were best fitted by the expression sigma = 7.37 x 10(-16) (E/eV)(-1.23) cm(2), whereas sigma = 4.12 x 10(-16) (E/eV)(-1.46) cm(2) was the best fit for the energy region between 0.1 and 1.0 eV. From the cross section a thermal rate coefficient of alpha(T) = 8.13 x 10(-7) (T/300)(-0.69) cm(3) s(-1) was deduced.
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| 6. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of the deuterated acetaldehyde ion, CD3CDO+ : product branching fractions, absolute cross sections and thermal rate coefficient
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 9:22, s. 2856-2861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociative recombination of the deuterated acetaldehyde ion CD3CDO+ has been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING, located at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden. Product branching fractions together with absolute DR cross-sections were measured. The branching fractions were determined at a relative collision energy between the ions and the electrons of 0 eV. With a probability of 34% the DR events resulted in no ruptures of bonds between heavy atoms (i.e. no breakage of the C–C bond or the CO bond). In the remaining 66% of the events one of the bonds between the heavy atoms was broken. The energy-dependent cross-section for the DR reaction was measured between 0 and 1 eV relative kinetic energy. In the energy region between 1 meV and 0.2 eV the absolute cross section could be fitted by the expression σ(E) = 6.8 × 10−16E−1.28 cm2, whereas in the energy interval between 0.2 and 1 eV the data were best fitted by σ(E) = 4.1 × 10−16E−1.60 cm2. From these cross section data the thermal rate coefficient (as a function of the electron temperature), α(T) = 9.2 × 10−7 (T/300)−0.72 cm3 s−1 was obtained.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Angelova, G., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of two-dimensional longitudinal-transverse correlations in an electron beam by laser-electron interactions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams. - 1098-4402. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the preparatory work for the optical-replica synthesizer experiment in the free-electron laser FLASH at DESY, we were able to superimpose a short, approximately 200 fs long pulse from a frequencydoubled mode-locked erbium laser with titanium-sapphire amplifier and an approximately 20 ps long electron bunch in an undulator. This induces an energy modulation in a longitudinal slice of the electron bunch. A magnetic chicane downstream of the undulator converts the energy modulation into a density modulation within the slice that causes the emission of coherent optical transition radiation from a silver-coated silicon screen. Varying the relative timing between electron and laser, we use a camera to record two-dimensional images of the slices as a function of the longitudinal position within the electron bunch.
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| 9. |
- Chlouba, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Diamond-based dielectric laser acceleration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 30:1, s. 505-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of dielectric laser accelerators (DLA) garnered a considerable interest in the past six years as it offers novel opportunities in accelerator science and potentially transformative applications. Currently, the most widespread approach considers silicon-based structures due to their low absorption and high refractive index in the infrared spectral region and the well-developed silicon processing technology. In this paper we investigate a diamond as an alternative to silicon, mainly due to its considerably higher damage threshold. In particular, we find that our diamond grating allows a three times higher acceleration gradient (60 MeV/m) compared to silicon gratings designed for a similar electron energy. Using more complex geometries, GeV/m acceleration gradients are within reach for subrelativistic electrons.
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| 10. |
- Fahlström, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Simulations of Magnetic Fields and Forces in Highly Adjustable Magnet (HAM) Undulator Concept Using COMSOL
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A design for a new type of undulator insertion device has been proposed. The undulator would consist of a stack of disks that each contain a pair of magnet structures, each disk being a half period of the minimum planar case. The disks could rotate independently about the beam axis, and the distance of the magnets from the center line is adjustable, so the magnetic field is adjustable in magnitude and orientation within the transverse plane along the beam axis. This would allow the undulator to be configured for generating a wide variety of radiation. Plane polarization would be attained with undulator periods as integer multiples of the base period. In the base case the direction of magnetization alternates between each disk, and for the case of multiple periods the magnetization alternates each M:th disk. Helical polarization would be attained with a period greater than two times the base period such that an integer number of periods fit inside the undulator structure. Initial numerical simulations have been made, and are reported in this paper. Building on a previous study [1] further simulations were requested to study the behavior of the magnets closer, and to calculate the forces acting on the magnet structures for use in feasibility assessment. In the previous study simple magnetic structures with uniform direction of magnetization were simulated. In this study a more complex structure was also investigated: a type of partial transverse Halbach configuration. This structure would concentrate the magnetic flux along the beamline and could lead to a more compact design, and limit the magnetic field outside the device.The simulations were made using COMSOL Multiphysics modelling software.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, 1975-
(författare)
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Dissociative Recombination of Astrochemically Interesting Ions
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the major work described concerns experimental determination of the dissociative recombination (DR) reaction for several molecular ions of astrochemical interest. DR is the process where an electron recombines with a molecular ion to form an excited neutral that disintegrates into two or more neutral fragments to release the gained excess energy. It is very efficient under cold conditions and therefore ubiquitously occurring in interstellar environments such as dark clouds and plays an important role in aeronomical plasmae, lightnings and in man-made plasmas such as in combustion engines and fusion reactors. Although DR reactions are crucial processes in all these environments, product branching fractions of DR reactions have proven to be very unpredictable and present one of the great remaining challenges for theoreticians. The experimental work includes determination of reaction rates and product distribution of DR of complex ions such as protonated alcohols and ethers. The following species have been investigated and are discussed in this thesis: CH3OH2+ (protonated methanol), CD3OD2+ (deuteronated methanol), CD3OCD2+ (methoxymethyl cation), CD3CDOD+ (deuteronated acetaldehyde), CH3CH2OH2+ (protonated ethanol) and (CD3)2OD+ (deuteronated dimethyl ether). The results of these measurements are used in astrochemical model calculations in which the rates used hitherto greatly have been based on educated guesses. Employing the outcome of the DR investigations of the CH3OH2+ and CD3OD2+ ions have shown a great impact on such models. The DR investigations have been followed up by astronomical observations. Theoretical models and laboratory experiments show that methanol should be formed from CO on cold grains. This scenario was tested by astronomical observations of gas associated with young stellar objects (YSOs). Two independent tests were showing consistency with methanol formation on grain surfaces.
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| 16. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies of the dissociative recombination for CD3CDOD+ and CH3CH2OH2
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Determination of branching fractions, cross sections and thermal rate constants for the dissociative recombination of CD3CDOD+ and CH3CH2OH2+ at the low relative kinetic energies encountered in the interstellar medium. Methods: The experiments were carried out by merging an ion and electron beam at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING, Stockholm, Sweden. Results: Break-up of the CCO structure into three heavy fragments is not found for either of the ions. Instead the CCO structure is retained in 23 ± 3% of the DR reactions of CD3CDOD+ and 7 ± 3% in the DR of CH3CH2OH2+, whereas rupture into two heavy fragments occurs in 77 ± 3% and 93 ± 3% of the DR events of the respective ions. The measured cross sections were fitted between 1-200 meV yielding the following thermal rate constants and cross-section dependencies on the relative kinetic energy: σ(Ecm[eV]) = 1.7 ± 0.3 × 10−15(Ecm[eV])−1.23±0.02 cm2 and k(T) = 1.9 ± 0.4 × 10−6(T/300)−0.73±0.02 cm3s−1 for CH3CH2OH2+ as well as k(T) = 1.1 ± 0.4 × 10−6(T/300)−0.74±0.05 cm3s−1 and σ(Ecm[eV]) = 9.2 ± 4 × 10−16(Ecm[eV])−1.24±0.05 cm2 for CD3CDOD+.
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| 17. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies of the dissociative recombination processes for the dimethyl ether ions CD3OCD2+ and (CD3)2OD
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 514, s. A83-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Determination of branching fractions, cross sections and thermal rate coefficients for the dissociative recombination of CD3OCD2+ (0-0.3 eV) and (CD3)2OD+ (0-0.2 eV) at the low relative kinetic energies encountered in the interstellar medium. Methods: The measurements were carried out using merged electron and ion beams at the CRYRING storage ring, Stockholm, Sweden. Results: For (CD3)2OD+ we have experimentally determined the branching fraction for ejection of a single hydrogen atom in the DR process to be maximally 7% whereas 49% of the reactions involve the break up of the COC chain into two heavy fragments and 44% ruptures both C-O bonds. The DR of CD3OCD2+ is dominated by fragmentation of the COC chain into two heavy fragments. The measured thermal rate constants and cross sections are k(T) =1.7 ± 0.5 × 10−6(T/300)−0.77±0.01 cm3s−1, σ= 1.2 ± 0.4 × 10−15(Ecm[eV])−1.27 ± 0.01 cm2 and k(T) = 1.7 ± 0.6 × 10−6(T/300)−0.70±0.02 cm3s−1,σ= 1.7 ± 0.6 × 10−15(Ecm[eV])−1.20±0.02 cm2 for CD3OCD2+ and (CD3)2OD+, respectively.
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| 18. |
- Hamberg, Mathias, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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STATUS OF THE EU-XFEL LASER HEATER
- 2013
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Ingår i: STATUS OF THE EU-XFEL LASER HEATER. - 9783954501267 ; , s. 5-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe the technical layout and the status of the laser heater system for the EuXFEL. The laser heater is needed to increase the momentum spread of the electron beam to prevent micro-bunching instabilities in the linac.
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| 19. |
- Lenori, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Crossed-Beam and Theoretical Studies of the S(1D) + C2H2 Reaction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 113, s. 4330-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction dynamics of excited sulfur atoms, S(D-1), with acetylene has been investigated by the crossed-beam scattering technique with mass spectrometric detection and time-of-flight (TOF) analysis at the collision energy of 35.6 kJ mol(-1). These studies have been made possible by the development of intense continuous supersonic beams of S(P-3,D-1) atoms. From product angular and TOF distributions, center-of-mass product angular and translational energy distributions are derived. The S(D-1) + C2H2 reaction is found to lead to formation of HCCS (thioketenyl) + H, while the only other energetically allowed channels, those leading to CCS((3)Sigma(-), Delta) + H-2, are not observed to occur to an appreciable extent. The dynamics of the H-elimination channel is discussed and elucidated. The interpretation of the scattering results is assisted by synergic high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations of stationary points and product energetics for the C2H2S ground-state singlet potential energy surface. In addition, by exploiting the novel capability of performing product detection by means of a tunable electron-impact ionizer, we have obtained the first experimental information on the ionization energy of thioketenyl radical, HCCS, as synthesized in the reactive scattering experiment. This has been complemented by ab initio calculations of the adiabatic and vertical ionization energies for the ground-state radical. The theoretically derived value of 9.1 eV confirms very recent, accurate calculations and is corroborated by the experimentally determined ionization threshold of 8.9 +/- 0.3 eV for the internally warm HCCS produced from the title reaction.
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| 20. |
- Novotny, O., et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Recombination Measurements of Chloronium Ions (D2Cl+) Using an Ion Storage Ring
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 862:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report our plasma rate coefficient and branching ratio measurements for dissociative recombination (DR) of D2Cl+ with electrons. The studies were performed in a merged-beams configuration using the TSR heavy-ion storage ring located at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Starting with our absolute merged-beams recombination rate coefficient at a collision energy of approximate to 0 eV, we have extracted the cross section and produced a plasma rate coefficient for a translational temperature of approximate to 8 K. Furthermore, extrapolating our cross-section results using the typical low-energy DR behavior, we have generated a plasma rate coefficient for translational temperatures from 5 to 500 K. We find good agreement between our extrapolated results and previous experimental DR studies on D2Cl+. Additionally, we have investigated the three fragmentation channels for DR of D2Cl+. Here we report on the dissociation geometry of the three-body fragmentation channel, the kinetic energy released for each of the three outgoing channels, the molecular internal excitation for the two outgoing channels that produce molecular fragments, and the fragmentation branching ratios for all three channels. Our results, in combination with those of other groups, indicate that any remaining uncertainties in the DR rate coefficient for H2Cl+ appear unlikely to explain the observed discrepancies between the inferred abundances of HCl and H2Cl+ in molecular clouds and predictions from astrochemical models.
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| 21. |
- Ström, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Surface oxide and roughness on test samples for the Ultra High Vacuum section of the Laser Heater for the European XFEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 149, s. 83-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European X-ray Free Electron Laser has recently started with operation for users. An approximately 3 m long ultra high vacuum laser heater section is implemented to overcome possible electron bunch instabilities. We describe the process of determining the oxide layer thickness and surface roughness on test samples of the internal surface material in the laser heater vacuum chambers using elastic recoil detection analysis and optical surface profiling. The results are compared to specified values and show that surface roughness on the samples is larger than the requested maximum, with RMS deviations from a mean plane of up to 1.76 mu m for 0.60 x 0.45 square millimeter scans. The maximum oxide layer thickness is 5.5 nm on non-electropolished surfaces assuming cuprous oxide with density 6.0 g per cubic centimeter and 4.0 nm on electropolished surfaces.
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| 22. |
- Thomas, Richard D., et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Recombination of CH4
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 117:39, s. 9999-10005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CH4+ is an important molecular ion in the astrochemistry of diffuse clouds, dense clouds, cometary comae, and planetary ionospheres However, the rate of one of the common destruction mechanisms for molecular ions in these regions, dissociative recombination (DR), is somewhat uncertain. Here, we present absolute measurements for the DR of CH4+ made using the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING hi Stockholm, Sweden. From our collision energy dependent cross sections, we infer a thermal rate constant of k(T-e) = 1.71(+/- 0.02) X 10(-6)(T-e/300)(-0.66(+/- 0.02)) cm(3) s(-1) over the region of electron temperatures 10 <= T-e <= 1000 K. At low collision energies, we have measured the branching fractions of the DR products to be CH4 (0.00 +/- 0.00); CH3 + H (0.18 +/- 0.03); CH2 + 2H (0.51 +/- 0.03); CH2 + H-2 (0.06 +/- 0.01); CH + H-2 + H (0.23 +/- 0.01); and CH + 2H(2) (0.02 +/- 0.01), indicating that two or more C-H bonds are broken in similar to 80% of all collisions.
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| 23. |
- Thomas, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION OF VIBRATIONALLY COLD CH+3 AND INTERSTELLAR IMPLICATIONS
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : The American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 758:1, s. 55-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CH3+ is an important molecular ion in the astrochemistry of diffuse clouds, dense clouds, cometary comae, and planetary ionospheres. However, the rate of one of the major destruction mechanisms of CH3+, dissociative recombination (DR), has long been uncertain, hindering the use of CH3+ as an astrochemical probe. Here, we present the first absolute measurement of the DR of vibrationally cold CH3+, which has been made using the heavy storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm, Sweden. From our collision-energy-dependent cross sections, we infer a thermal rate constant of k(T) = 6.97(+/- 0.03) x 10(-7)(T/300)(-0.61(+/- 0.01)) cm(3) s(-1) over the region 10 K <= T <= 1000 K. At low collision energies, we have measured the branching fractions of the DR products to be CH3 (0.00(- 0.00)(+ 0.01)), CH2 + H (0.35(-0.01)(+ 0.01)), CH + 2H (0.20(-0.02)(+0.02)), CH + H-2 (0.10(-0.01)(+0.01)), and C + H-2 + H (0.35(-0.02)(+ 0.01)), indicating that two or more C-H bonds are broken in 65% of all collisions. We also present vibrational calculations which indicate that the CH3+ ions in the storage ring were relaxed to the vibrational ground state by spontaneous emission during the storage time. Finally, we discuss the implications of these new measurements for the observation of CH3+ in regions of the diffuse interstellar medium where CH+ is abundant.
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| 24. |
- Tom, Brian A., et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of highly enriched para-H-3(+)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 130:3, s. 31101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of the dissociative recombination rate coefficient of H-3(+) has had a turbulent history, but both experiment and theory have recently converged to a common value. Despite this convergence, it has not been clear if there should be a difference between the rate coefficients for ortho-H-3(+) and para-H-3(+). A difference has been predicted theoretically and could conceivably impact the ortho:para ratio of H-3(+) in the diffuse interstellar medium, where H-3(+) has been widely observed. We present the results of an experiment at the CRYRING ion storage ring in which we investigated the dissociative recombination of highly enriched (similar to 83.6%) para-H-3(+) using a supersonic expansion source that produced ions with T-rot similar to 60-100 K. We observed an increase in the low energy recombination rate coefficient of the enriched para-H-3(+) by a factor of similar to 1.25 in comparison to H-3(+) produced from normal H-2 (ortho:para=3:1). The ratio of the rate coefficients of pure para-H-3(+) to that of pure ortho-H-3(+) is inferred to be similar to 2 at low collision energies; the corresponding ratio of the thermal rate coefficients is similar to 1.5 at electron temperatures from 60 to 1000 K. We conclude that this difference is unlikely to have an impact on the interstellar ortho:para ratio of H-3(+).
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| 25. |
- Vigren, E., et al.
(författare)
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Collision-induced dissociation of ∼2-MeV O+3 and N+3 ions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 87:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study into the collision-induced dissociation (possibly including electron stripping) of O-3(+) and N-3(+) with rest gas molecules (predominantly H-2) in the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING. The projectile ions had kinetic energies of 1.96 MeV (O-3(+)) and 2.25 MeV (N-3(+)) and from the experimental data we could derive the relative importance of the channels that produce at least one neutral product fragment. The dominant type of fragmentation for both ions involves the production of a single neutral fragment, namely an individual atom. We also find pronounced dissimilarities when comparing the O-3(+) and N-3(+) results, which we link to the stronger chemical bonds in the nitrogen system.
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| 26. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of nitrile ions with implications for Titan's upper atmosphere
- 2012
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 60:1, s. 102-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrile ions are abundant in Titan's upper atmosphere and are expected to be lost mainly via dissociative recombination with free electrons. We review in this paper a series of experimental results on the dissociative recombination reactions of nitrile ions known/expected to be present in Titan's upper atmosphere. The experiments were all performed at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm, Sweden, and the results presented here include information on rate coefficients at electron temperatures relevant for Titan's upper atmosphere as well as information on the product branching fractions of the reactions. We discuss implications of the results for Titan's atmosphere. As an example the presented results support a statement by Krasnopolsky (2009) that nitriles do not degrade to yield N-2 again in Titan's atmosphere, indicating that condensation and polymerization with precipitation to the surface are their ultimate fate.
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| 27. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Recombination of Protonated Formic Acid : Implications for Molecular Cloud and Cometary Chemistry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 709:2, s. 1429-1434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm, Sweden, we have investigated the dissociative recombination of DCOOD2+ at low relative kinetic energies, from similar to 1 meV to 1 eV. The thermal rate coefficient has been found to follow the expression k(T) = 8.43 x 10(-7) (T/300)(-0.78) cm(3) s(-1) for electron temperatures, T, ranging from similar to 10 to similar to 1000 K. The branching fractions of the reaction have been studied at similar to 2 meV relative kinetic energy. It has been found that similar to 87% of the reactions involve breaking a bond between heavy atoms. In only 13% of the reactions do the heavy atoms remain in the same product fragment. This puts limits on the gas-phase production of formic acid, observed in both molecular clouds and cometary comae. Using the experimental results in chemical models of the dark cloud, TMC-1, and using the latest release of the UMIST Database for Astrochemistry improves the agreement with observations for the abundance of formic acid. Our results also strengthen the assumption that formic acid is a component of cometary ices.
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| 28. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Recombination of Protonated Propionitrile, CH3CH2CNH+ : Implications for Titan's Upper Atmosphere
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 722:1, s. 847-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissociative recombination of protonated propionitrile, CH3CH2CNH+, has been investigated at the heavy ion storage ring, CRYRING, at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden. The thermal rate coefficient has been deduced to follow k(T) = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10–6 (T/300)–0.76 ± 0.02 cm3 s–1 for electron temperatures ranging from ~10 to ~1000 K. Measurements of the branching fractions were performed at ~0 eV relative kinetic energy. It has been found that in 43% ± 2% of the reactions the four heavy atoms remain in the same product fragment. An equal portion of the reactions leads to products where one of the heavy atoms is split off from the other three and 14% ± 1% result in a breakup into two heavy fragments containing two heavy atoms each. We discuss the significance of the data to Titan's upper atmosphere.
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| 29. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of the acetaldehyde cation, CH3CHO
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 12:37, s. 11670-11673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissociative recombination of the acetaldehyde cation, CH3CHO+, has been investigated at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden. The dependence of the absolute cross section of the reaction on the relative kinetic energy has been determined and a thermal rate coefficient of k(T) = (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6) (T/300)(-0.70 +/- 0.02) cm(3) s(-1) has been deduced, which is valid for electron temperatures between similar to 10 and 1000 K. The branching fractions of the reaction were studied at similar to 0 eV relative kinetic energy and we found that breaking one of the bonds between two of the heavy atoms occurs in 72 +/- 2% of the reactions. In the remaining events the three heavy atoms stay in the same product fragment. While the branching fractions are fairly similar to the results from an earlier investigation into the dissociative recombination of the fully deuterated acetaldehyde cation, CD3CDO+, the thermal rate coefficient is somewhat larger for CH3CHO+. Astrochemical implications of the results are discussed.
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| 30. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Reassessment of the dissociative recombination of n2h+ at cryring
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 757:1, s. 34-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissociative recombination (DR) of N2H+ has been reinvestigated at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden. Thermal rate coefficients for electron temperatures between 10 and 1000 K have been deduced. We show that electron recombination is expected to play an approximately equally important role as CO in the removal of N2H+ in dark interstellar clouds. We note that a deeper knowledge on the influence of the ions' rotational temperature in the DR of N2H+ would be helpful to set further constraints on the relative importance of the different destruction mechanisms for N2H+ in these environments. The branching fractions in the DR of N2H+ have been reinvestigated at similar to 0 eV relative kinetic energy, showing a strong dominance of the N-2 + H production channel (93(-2)(+4)%) with the rest leading to NH + N. These results are in good agreement with flowing afterglow experiments and in disagreement with an earlier measurement at CRYRING.
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| 31. |
- Vigren, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Dissociative Recombination of Protonated Acrylonitrile, CH2CHCNH+, with implications for the Nitrile Chemistry in Dark Molecular Clouds and the Upper Atmosphere of Titan
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 695:1, s. 317-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements on the dissociative recombination (DR) of protonated acrylonitrile, CH2CHCNH+, have been performed at the heavy ion storage ring CRYRING located in the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden. It has been found that at similar to 2meV relative kinetic energy about 50% of the DR events involve only ruptures of X-Hbonds (where X = C or N) while the rest leads to the production of a pair of fragments each containing two heavy atoms (alongside H and/or H-2). The absolute DR cross section has been investigated for relative kinetic energies ranging from similar to 1 meV to 1 eV. The thermal rate coefficient has been determined to follow the expression k(T) = 1.78 x 10(-6) (T/300)(-0.80) cm(3) s(-1) for electron temperatures ranging from similar to 10 to 1000 K. Gas-phase models of the nitrile chemistry in the dark molecular cloud TMC-1 have been run and results are compared with observations. Also, implications of the present results for the nitrile chemistry of Titan's upper atmosphere are discussed.
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| 32. |
- Wirström, Eva, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Observational tests of interstellar methanol formation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 533, s. A24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. It has been established that the classical gas-phase production of interstellar methanol (CH(3)OH) cannot explain observed abundances. Instead it is now generally thought that the main formation path has to be by successive hydrogenation of solid CO on interstellar grain surfaces. Aims. While theoretical models and laboratory experiments show that methanol is efficiently formed from CO on cold grains, our aim is to test this scenario by astronomical observations of gas associated with young stellar objects (YSOs). Methods. We have observed the rotational transition quartets J = 2(K) - 1(K) of (12)CH(3)OH and (13)CH(3)OH at 96.7 and 94.4 GHz, respectively, towards a sample of massive YSOs in different stages of evolution. In addition, the J = 1-0 transitions of (12)C(18)O and (13)C(18)O were observed towards some of these sources. We use the (12)C/(13)C ratio to discriminate between gas-phase and grain surface origin: If methanol is formed from CO on grains, the ratios should be similar in CH(3)OH and CO. If not, the ratio should be higher in CH(3)OH due to (13)C fractionation in cold CO gas. We also estimate the abundance ratios between the nuclear spin types of methanol (E and A). If methanol is formed on grains, this ratio is likely to have been thermalized at the low physical temperature of the grain, and therefore show a relative over-abundance of A-methanol. Results. We show that the (12)C/(13)C isotopic ratio is very similar in gas-phase CH(3)OH and C(18)O, on the spatial scale of about 40 '', towards four YSOs. For two of our sources we find an overabundance of A-methanol as compared to E-methanol, corresponding to nuclear spin temperatures of 10 and 16 K. For the remaining five sources, the methanol E/A ratio is less than unity. Conclusions. While the (12)C/(13)C ratio test is consistent with methanol formation from hydrogenation of CO on grain surfaces, the result of the E/A ratio test is inconclusive.
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| 33. |
- Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of D2H+ : Comparison between recent storage-ring results and theoretical calculations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 77:3, s. 34701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most up-to-date theoretical calculation on the dissociative recombination (DR) of D2H+ predicts a 2-5 times lower rate coefficient than that obtained experimentally at the Test Storage Ring (TSR). In order to verify the validity either of the experimental results or the theoretical calculations we have studied the DR of D2H+ at the storage ring CRYRING. The rate coefficient has been measured over the interaction energy range from approximate to 0 eV to 50 eV and has been found to have a peak at about 10 eV with a value of 1.6 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), which is in excellent agreement with the result reported from TSR. Taking into account the electron temperature distributions, excellent agreement between the two storage rings measurements is also obtained at smaller interaction energies. The branching fraction analysis has been performed at approximate to 0 eV interaction energy and revealed the following results at the 1 sigma confidence level: N(D+D+H)=76.5%+/-2.2%, N(D-2+H)= 10.0%+/-0.7%, and N(DH+D)=13.5%+/-1.5%. The value of 2N(D-2+H)/N(DH+D)=1.48+/-0.22 implies that formation of D-2 is more favorable than DH.
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| 34. |
- Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation into the vibrational yield of OH products in the OH plus H plus H channel arising from the dissociative recombination of H3O
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 130:21, s. 214302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vibrational population of the hydroxyl radical, OH, formed in the OH+H+H channel arising from the dissociative recombination of the hydronium ion, H3O+, has been investigated at the storage ring CRYRING using a position-sensitive imaging detector. Analysis shows that the OH fragments are predominantly produced in the v=0 and v=1 states with almost equal probabilities. This observation is in disagreement with earlier FALP experiments, which reported OH(v=0) as the dominant product. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed.
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| 35. |
- Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential formation of the CH3+H+H channel in the dissociative recombination of CH5
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 79:3, s. 30701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fragmentation dynamics in the CH3+H+H channel arising from the dissociative recombination of protonated methane, CH5+, has been investigated with an imaging detector at the CRYRING storage ring. The experimental results imply that this channel proceeds via two-step break-up in which the intermediate CH4 molecule is sufficiently internally excited to further fragment. These observations could go some way to explaining the discrepancy in results reported from ion storage rings and FALP apparatus.
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