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| 2. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 6. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 11. |
- Borisov, S, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report
- 2019
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 54:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1–2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3–5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
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| 16. |
- Sliwa, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Risk stratification and management of women with cardiomyopathy/heart failure planning pregnancy or presenting during/after pregnancy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 23:4, s. 527-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This position paper focusses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of women diagnosed with a cardiomyopathy, or at risk of heart failure (HF), who are planning to conceive or present with (de novo or previously unknown) HF during or after pregnancy. This includes the heterogenous group of heart muscle diseases such as hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic right ventricular and non-classified cardiomyopathies, left ventricular non-compaction, peripartum cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo syndrome, adult congenital heart disease with HF, and patients with right HF. Also, patients with a history of chemo-/radiotherapy for cancer or hematological malignancies need specific pre-, during and post-pregnancy assessment and counseling. We summarize the current knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms, including gene mutations, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and medical and device management, as well as risk stratification. Women with a known diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy will often require continuation of drug therapy, which has the potential to exert negative effects on the fetus. This position paper assists in balancing benefits and detrimental effects.
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| 18. |
- Brignole, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Low-blood pressure phenotype underpins the tendency to reflex syncope
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 39:7, s. 1319-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that cardiovascular physiology differs in reflex syncope patients compared with the general population, predisposing such individuals to vasovagal reflex.METHODS: In this multicohort cross-sectional study, we compared aggregate data of resting SBP, DBP, pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR), collected from six community-based cohort studies (64 968 observations) with those from six databases of reflex syncope patients (6516 observations), subdivided by age decades and sex.RESULTS: Overall, in male individuals with reflex syncope, SBP (-3.4 mmHg) and PP (-9.2 mmHg) were lower and DBP (+2.8 mmHg) and HR (+5.1 bpm) were higher than in the general population; the difference in SBP was higher at ages above 60 years. In female individuals, PP (-6.0 mmHg) was lower and DBP (+4.7 mmHg) and HR (+4.5 bpm) were higher than in the general population; differences in SBP were less pronounced, becoming evident only above 60 years. Compared with male individuals, SBP in female individuals exhibited slower increase until age 40 years, and then demonstrated steeper increase that continued throughout remaining life.CONCLUSION: The patients prone to reflex syncope demonstrate a different resting cardiovascular haemodynamic profile as compared with a general population, characterized by lower SBP and PP, reflecting reduced venous return and lower stroke volume, and a higher HR and DBP, suggesting the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Our data contribute to a better understanding why some individuals with similar demographic characteristics develop reflex syncope and others do not.VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/HJH/B580.
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| 21. |
- Duque, B. R., et al.
(författare)
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Venomous snakes of medical importance in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro: habitat and taxonomy against ophidism
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia. - 1678-4375. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snakebite envenoming is a major global health problem that kills or disables half a million people in the world's poorest countries. Identifying the biting snake and its habitat use is key to understanding snakebite eco-epidemiology and optimizing its clinical management. To prevent and combat the neglected snakebite disease, we characterize the morphology, geographic distribution, habitat use, and snakebites of medically important venomous snakes in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Despite Philodryas spp. not being considered of medical importance by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, we also explore their data once the bites may require medical intervention, may cause death, and their consequences are underestimated. Methods: We assessed taxonomy and geographic data from specimens housed in scientific collections, the literature, and the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Our data revealed fragility in the morphological characters recommended to distinguish Bothrops jararaca from B. jararacussu, identify the subspecies of Crotalus durissus and distinguish the species of Philodryas. To help identify these species, we present an identification key to the venomous snake species from Rio de Janeiro based on the morphological data collected. We record the genera Bothrops and Micrurus in all mesoregions of the state. Here, we provide the first record of C. durissus in the Serrana region, supporting the hypothesis of geographic expansion of the species in the state. The crotalic antivenom must not be missing in Médio Paraíba, Centro-Sul Fluminense, and Serrana, where the rattlesnake C. durissus occurs. Bothrops bilineatus and Lachesis muta have historical records presented for the first time herein. However, these species are likely endangered or extinct in the state. There were 7,483 snakebites reported between 2001 and 2019, with an annual average of 393.8 cases. The Bothrops genus is responsible for the majority of accidents. The highest number of cases occurred in the Serrana region, the largest pole of family agriculture in Rio de Janeiro. We improve the identification of venomous snake species, better delimit their distribution, and update the number of cases of snakebites, thus providing greater precision in the attention to this problem in Rio de Janeiro. We emphasize the importance of clinical studies to test using bothropic-crotalic antivenom and heparin in all mesoregions to treat B. jararacussu envenomation; and mechanical ventilation, atropine, and anticholinesterases in the emergency health centers in the Metropolitana and Norte Fluminense regions due to the occurrence of the coral M. lemniscatus in these areas.
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| 22. |
- Hamdan, Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental test of climate change effects in northern lakes : Increasing allochthonous organic matter and warming alters autumn primary production
- 2021
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 66:5, s. 815-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate changes are predicted to influence gross primary production (GPP) of lakes directly through warming and indirectly through increased loads of allochthonous coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM) from surrounding landscapes. However, few studies have investigated this combined effect.Here we tested the effects of warming (elevated 3celcius) and cDOM input (three levels of humic river water addition) on GPP in autumn (2 months including open water and ice-covered periods) in experimental pond ecosystems.The cDOM input decreased whole-ecosystem GPP at natural temperature conditions mainly as a result of lower benthic GPP not fully counteracted by an increase in pelagic GPP, while warming increased whole-ecosystem GPP due to a positive response of mainly pelagic GPP at all levels of cDOM input.Warming delayed autumn ice cover formation by 2 weeks but did not affect light availability in the water column compared to ambient ice-covered treatments. Gross primary production during this period was still affected by warming and cDOM.The results stress the importance of accounting for multiple climate drivers and habitats when predicting lake GPP responses to climate change. We conclude that climate change may shift whole-ecosystem GPP through different responses of habitat-specific GPP to increasing cDOM inputs and warming.
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| 23. |
- Hamdan, Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon dioxide stimulates lake primary production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gross primary production (GPP) is a fundamental ecosystem process that sequesters carbon dioxide (CO2) and forms the resource base for higher trophic levels. Still, the relative contribution of different controls on GPP at the whole-ecosystem scale is far from resolved. Here we show, by manipulating CO2 concentrations in large-scale experimental pond ecosystems, that CO2 availability is a key driver of whole-ecosystem GPP. This result suggests we need to reformulate past conceptual models describing controls of lake ecosystem productivity and include our findings when developing models used to predict future lake ecosystem responses to environmental change.
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| 24. |
- Hamdan, Mohammed, 1978-
(författare)
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Effects of temperature and terrestrial carbon on primary production in lake ecosystems
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate warming is predicted to affect northern lake food webs in two ways: (1)directly via changes in water temperature and ice conditions, and (2) indirectlyvia changes in catchment characteristics and processes that influence input ofallochthonous coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and nutrients. Input ofcDOM increases carbon dioxide (CO2) availability, causes brownification andreduced light conditions, and may increase nutrient availability especially forpelagic primary producers. Increased water temperature and light penetrationand longer ice-free periods affect metabolic rates. These changes are expected toinfluence gross primary production (GPP) and growth of higher trophic levels.However, majority of studies focus on pelagic processes and net effects at wholelake scale is not well understood. Consequently, the lack of knowledge of whatfactors control benthic GPP makes predictions of net effects of climate change onwhole-ecosystem GPP spurious. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally testeffects of warming and increased input of allochthonous cDOM on habitatspecific and whole-ecosystem GPP in lakes. First, by manipulating the CO2concentrations in large scale pond ecosystems, we showed that increased CO2stimulated whole-ecosystem GPP. In a separate incubation study with naturallake sediments in a boreal lake, we tested the role of CO2 as a limiting factor forbenthic GPP under different light levels. The results showed that CO2 supplystimulated benthic GPP at high but not at low light availability, suggesting thatbenthic GPP can be CO2-limited. In the same experimental pond ecosystems, thecombined effect of increased allochthonous cDOM and warming (+3.5°C) on GPPwas studied. The results showed that cDOM input decreases whole-ecosystemGPP, mainly as a result of decreased benthic GPP due to light limitation not fullycounteracted by an increase in pelagic GPP under ambient conditions. Warmingon the other caused a hump shaped increase in whole-ecosystem GPP withincreasing cDOM input mainly due to a positive response in pelagic GPP due torelaxed nutrient limitation. Finally, by manipulating the fish consumer biomassin the same experimental pond ecosystems we showed that whole-ecosystem GPPcan be controlled by top-down effects under warm (+ 3.0°C) but not ambienttemperature conditions. The decline in whole-ecosystem GPP was mainlyattributed to a warming-stimulated consumer-driven trophic cascade in thepelagic habitat and top-down control by zooplankton on phytoplankton growth,while no corresponding cascade was evident in the benthic habitat.Taken together, the results suggest that climate change impacts, as increasinginputs of cDOM, warming and changes in food webs, have different effects onhabitat specific GPP and alone or in combination have impacts on whole-lakeGPP. This thesis offers important insights to better understand the factors thatcontrol lake GPP and to predict future lake ecosystem responses to environmentalchange.
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| 29. |
- Riepl, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular principles of proton-coupled quinone reduction in the membrane-bound superoxide oxidase
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically harmful radicals generated as biproducts of aerobic respiration. To detoxify ROS, most cells employ superoxide scavenging enzymes that disproportionate superoxide (O2•-) to oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the recently discovered membrane-bound superoxide oxidase (SOO) (Nature Chemical Biol 2018) is a minimal 4-helical bundle protein that catalyzes the direct oxidation of O2•- to O2 and drives quinone reduction by mechanistic principles that remain unknown. Here we combine multiscale hybrid quantum/classical (QM/MM) free energy calculations and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations with functional assays and site-directed mutagenesis experiments to probe the energetics and dynamics underlying the charge transfer reactions of the superoxide (O2•-)-driven quinone reduction. We identify a cluster of charged residues at the periplasmic side of the membrane that functions as a O2•- collecting antenna, which shuttles the electrons to the active site for quinone reduction. Based on multidimensional QM/MM string simulations, we suggest that a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction from the active site heme b and nearby histidine residues (H87, H158) catalyzes the quinol (QH2) formation, followed by proton uptake from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The functional relevance of the identified residues is supported by site-directed mutagenesis and activity assays, with mutations leading to inhibition of the O2•--driven quinone reduction activity. We suggest that the coupled electron and proton transfer reactions build up a proton motive force that support the bacterial energy transduction machinery, with the PCET reactions providing unique design principles of a minimal oxidoreductase.
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| 30. |
- Roaldsen, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A protocol for an international multicenter project (SINpedSCI)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine. - : IOS Press. - 1874-5393 .- 1875-8894. ; 15:2, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Children and adolescents (<18 years old) who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) should ideally be managed in specialized rehabilitation services. This project aims to describe the organization of pediatric SCI in ten rehabilitation units in seven countries and to qualitatively explore psychosocial aspects of adolescents living with SCI. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional project is planned, using quantitative (web survey) and qualitative (interview) methods in ten rehabilitation units from Norway, Sweden, United States, Israel, PR China, Russia and Palestine. Individual interviews will be conducted with >= 20 adolescents aged 13-17 years at least 6 months' post rehabilitation. RESULTS: Units involved will be described and compared, according to funding, attachment to an acute SCI unit, catchment area, number of beds, admittance and discharge procedures, availability of services, staff/patient ratio, content and intensity of rehabilitation programs, length of stay, measurement methods, follow-up services, health promotion services, and pediatric SCI prevention acts. The semi-structured interview guide will include experiences from acute care and primary rehabilitation, daily life, school, contact with friends, leisure time activities, peers, physical and psychological health, and the adolescents' plans for the future. CONCLUSION: Based on the present protocol, this project is likely to provide new insight and knowledge on pediatric SCI rehabilitation and increase the understanding of pediatric SCI in adolescents and their families internationally.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sato, Daisuke, et al.
(författare)
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SHANK1 Deletions in Males with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 90:5, s. 879-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of rare (<1% frequency) copy-number variations and point mutations in the genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); these variants particularly affect genes involved in the neuronal synaptic complex. The SHANK gene family consists of three members (SHANK1, SHANK2, and SHANK3), which encode scaffolding proteins required for the proper formation and function of neuronal synapses. Although SHANK2 and SHANK3 mutations have been implicated in ASD and intellectual disability, the involvement of SHANK1 is unknown. Here, we assess microarray data from 1,158 Canadian and 456 European individuals with ASD to discover microdeletions at the SHANK1 locus on chromosome 19. We identify a hemizygous SHANK1 deletion that segregates in a four-generation family in which male carriers-but not female carriers-have ASD with higher functioning. A de novo SHANK1 deletion was also detected in an unrelated male individual with ASD with higher functioning, and no equivalent SHANK1 mutations were found in >15,000 controls (p = 0.009). The discovery of apparent reduced penetrance of ASD in females bearing inherited autosomal SHANK1 deletions provides a possible contributory model for the male gender bias in autism. The data are also informative for clinical-genetics interpretations of both inherited and sporadic forms of ASD involving SHANK1.
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| 33. |
- Sliwa, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical presentation, management, and 6-month outcomes in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: an ESC EORP registry.
- 2020
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Ingår i: European heart journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-9645 .- 0195-668X. ; 41:39, s. 3787-3797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sought to describe the clinical presentation, management, and 6-month outcomes in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) globally.In 2011, >100 national and affiliated member cardiac societies of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) were contacted to contribute to a global registry on PPCM, under the auspices of the ESC EURObservational Research Programme. These societies were tasked with identifying centres who could participate in this registry. In low-income countries, e.g. Mozambique or Burkina Faso, where there are no national societies due to a shortage of cardiologists, we identified potential participants through abstracts and publications and encouraged participation into the study. Seven hundred and thirty-nine women were enrolled in 49 countries in Europe (33%), Africa (29%), Asia-Pacific (15%), and the Middle East (22%). Mean age was 31±6years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 31±10%, and 10% had a previous pregnancy complicated by PPCM. Symptom-onset occurred most often within 1month of delivery (44%). At diagnosis, 67% of patients had severe (NYHA III/IV) symptoms and 67% had a LVEF ≤35%. Fifteen percent received bromocriptine with significant regional variation (Europe 15%, Africa 26%, Asia-Pacific 8%, the Middle East 4%, P<0.001). Follow-up was available for 598 (81%) women. Six-month mortality was 6% overall, lowest in Europe (4%), and highest in the Middle East (10%). Most deaths were due to heart failure (42%) or sudden (30%). Re-admission for any reason occurred in 10% (with just over half of these for heart failure) and thromboembolic events in 7%. Myocardial recovery (LVEF > 50%) occurred only in 46%, most commonly in Asia-Pacific (62%), and least commonly in the Middle East (25%). Neonatal death occurred in 5% with marked regional variation (Europe 2%, the Middle East 9%).Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a global disease, but clinical presentation and outcomes vary by region. Just under half of women experience myocardial recovery. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a disease with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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