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| 2. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Kocarnik, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jama Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 8:3, s. 420-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3%(95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9%(95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4%(1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7%(4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and YDALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 26. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 29. |
- Orbai, A-M, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-C1q antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 24:1, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-C1q has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis in previous studies. We studied anti-C1q specificity for SLE (vs rheumatic disease controls) and the association with SLE manifestations in an international multicenter study.
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| 31. |
- Akgul, M, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic approach in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional international survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical pathology. - : BMJ. - 1472-4146 .- 0021-9746. ; 74:5, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcription factor E3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) has heterogenous morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features.131 pathologists with genitourinary expertise were invited in an online survey containing 23 questions assessing their experience on TFE3-RCC diagnostic work-up.Fifty (38%) participants completed the survey. 46 of 50 participants reported multiple patterns, most commonly papillary pattern (almost always 9/46, 19.5%; frequently 29/46, 63%). Large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm were the most encountered cytologic feature, with either clear (almost always 10/50, 20%; frequently 34/50, 68%) or eosinophilic (almost always 4/49, 8%; frequently 28/49, 57%) cytology. Strong (3+) or diffuse (>75% of tumour cells) nuclear TFE3 IHC expression was considered diagnostic by 13/46 (28%) and 12/47 (26%) participants, respectively. Main TFE3 IHC issues were the low specificity (16/42, 38%), unreliable staining performance (15/42, 36%) and background staining (12/42, 29%). Most preferred IHC assays other than TFE3, cathepsin K and pancytokeratin were melan A (44/50, 88%), HMB45 (43/50, 86%), carbonic anhydrase IX (41/50, 82%) and CK7 (32/50, 64%). Cut-off for positive TFE3 fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was preferably 10% (9/50, 18%), although significant variation in cut-off values was present. 23/48 (48%) participants required TFE3 FISH testing to confirm TFE3-RCC regardless of the histomorphologic and IHC assessment. 28/50 (56%) participants would request additional molecular studies other than FISH assay in selected cases, whereas 3/50 participants use additional molecular cases in all cases when TFE3-RCC is in the differential.Optimal diagnostic approach on TFE3-RCC is impacted by IHC and/or FISH assay preferences as well as their conflicting interpretation methods.
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| 32. |
- Damgaard, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 360:6396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (similar to 3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
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| 33. |
- Petri, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Derivation and validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 64:8, s. 2677-2686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) group revised and validated the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria in order to improve clinical relevance, meet stringent methodology requirements, and incorporate new knowledge regarding the immunology of SLE. Methods The classification criteria were derived from a set of 702 expert-rated patient scenarios. Recursive partitioning was used to derive an initial rule that was simplified and refined based on SLICC physician consensus. The SLICC group validated the classification criteria in a new validation sample of 690 new expert-rated patient scenarios. Results Seventeen criteria were identified. In the derivation set, the SLICC classification criteria resulted in fewer misclassifications compared with the current ACR classification criteria (49 versus 70; P = 0.0082) and had greater sensitivity (94% versus 86%; P < 0.0001) and equal specificity (92% versus 93%; P = 0.39). In the validation set, the SLICC classification criteria resulted in fewer misclassifications compared with the current ACR classification criteria (62 versus 74; P = 0.24) and had greater sensitivity (97% versus 83%; P < 0.0001) but lower specificity (84% versus 96%; P < 0.0001). Conclusion The new SLICC classification criteria performed well in a large set of patient scenarios rated by experts. According to the SLICC rule for the classification of SLE, the patient must satisfy at least 4 criteria, including at least one clinical criterion and one immunologic criterion OR the patient must have biopsy-proven lupus nephritis in the presence of antinuclear antibodies or antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies.
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| 34. |
- Abdel-Khalek, S., et al.
(författare)
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Atomic Wehrl Entropy of a Single Qubit System
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Information. - 1793-6918. ; 9:3, s. 967-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose the use of atomic Wehrl entropy associated to the reduced atomic density operator as an entanglement indicator of bipartite systems. This is applied to a two-level system (one single harmonically trapped ion) by taking into account the linear center-of-mass-motional degree of freedom. Detailed analytical and explicit expressions are given, taking into account different configurations. The results show the important roles played by the laser phase and initial state setting in the evolution of the atomic Q-function, atomic Wehrl entropy and marginal atomic Q-function. Our procedure of using atomic Wehrl entropy may be applied to a system with Hilbert space of high dimension.
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| 35. |
- Ainslie-Garcia, Margaret, et al.
(författare)
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International Delphi Study on Wound Closure and Incision Management in Joint Arthroplasty Part 2: Total Hip Arthroplasty.
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Journal of arthroplasty. - 0883-5403 .- 1532-8406. ; 39:6, s. 1524-1529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This modified Delphi study aimed to develop a consensus on optimal wound closure and incision management strategies for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Given the critical nature of wound care and incision management in influencing patient outcomes, this study sought to synthesize evidence-based best practices for wound care in THA procedures.An international panel of 20 orthopedic surgeons from Europe, Canada, and the United States evaluated a targeted literature review of 18 statements (14 specific to THA and 4 related to both THA and total knee arthroplasty). There were 3 rounds of anonymous voting per topic using a modified 5-point Likert scale with a predetermined consensus threshold of ≥ 75% agreement necessary for a statement to be accepted.After 3 rounds of voting, consensus was achieved for all 18 statements. Notable recommendations for THA wound management included (1) the use of barbed sutures over non-barbed sutures (shorter closing times and overall cost savings); (2) the use of subcuticular sutures over skin staples (lower risk of superficial infections and higher patient preferences, but longer closing times); (3) the use of mesh-adhesives over silver-impregnated dressings (lower rate of wound complications); (4) for at-risk patients, the use of negative pressure wound therapy over other dressings (lower wound complications and reoperations, as well as fewer dressing changes); and (5) the use of triclosan-coated sutures (lower risk of surgical site infection) over standard sutures.Through a structured modified Delphi approach, a panel of 20 orthopedic surgeons reached consensus on all 18 statements pertaining to wound closure and incision management in THA. This study provides a foundational framework for establishing evidence-based best practices, aiming to reduce variability in patient outcomes and to enhance the overall quality of care in THA procedures.
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| 36. |
- Arof, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Quasi solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrolytes containing redox couple
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optical and Quantum Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0306-8919 .- 1572-817X. ; 46:1, s. 143-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasi solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated with electrolytes containing I-/I-3(-) redox couple using 80% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with potassium iodide (KI) and a mixture of potassium iodide and tetrapropyl ammonium iodide (Pr4NI) salts. The quasi solid state gel polymer electrolytes were prepared using 1: 1 ethylene carbonate (EC): propylene carbonate (PC) mixture. The solar cells have the structure of ITO/TiO2/N-3-Dye/electrolyte/Pt/ITO. The conductivity of the electrolytes has been calculated from the bulk resistance value determined using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performance of the DSSCs has been studied by varying the concentration of the doping salts in the electrolyte and incident light intensity. The DSSC fabricated with the KI salt electrolyte containing 9.9 wt% PVA, 39.6 wt% EC, 39.6 wt% PC, 10.9 wt% KI(+I-2) exhibited the best power conversion efficiency of 1.97 %. However, the DSSC with a double-salt electrolyte containing 9.9 wt% PVA: 39.6 wt% EC: 39.6 wt% PC: (6.5 wt% KI: 4.4 wt% Pr4NI) (+I-2) exhibited a higher efficiency of 3.27% under 100 mW/cm(2) light intensity. The efficiency of this cell increased to 4.59 % under dimmer light of intensity of 54 mW/cm(2).
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| 38. |
- Batool, Atika, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Polyoxometalates-Ionic Liquids@Fe3O4@SiO2 composites for the extraction of atrazine and deltamethrin pesticides residues from food samples and their determination by HPLC
- 2024
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Ingår i: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excessive use of pesticides in food production has adverse effects on both the environment and human health. In the present study, atrazine and deltamethrin were employed as pesticides in the cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, and brinjal. The HPLC method was utilized for thesimultaneous determination of these two pesticides, employing a cleanup approach based on polyoxometalates (POMs)ionic liquids magnetic nanocompositesCuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. These magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized and subjected to comprehensive characterization using various analytical techniques, including fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction(P-XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology. Thedispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method was effectively employed for the extraction of pesticidesresidues using CuILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2 and ZnILPOM-Fe3O4@SiO2. Under the optimized conditions, the linear concentration ranges for atrazine and deltamethrin were found to be 0.01–100.0 µg/L and 0.05–100 µg/L, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) for both compounds was notably high at 0.997 and 0.994, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.01 µg/L to 0.05 µg/L, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) fell within the range of 5.1 % to 7.2 %. Ultimately, the method's performance in various food samples was assessed, resulting in satisfactory recoveries ranging from 80.9 % to 98.6 %.
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| 43. |
- Dean, B, et al.
(författare)
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P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Their Relationships
- 2020
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:3, s. E43-E54
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ContextP450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. However there has been limited analysis of reported PORD cases.ObjectiveTo determine, based on the cohort of reported PORD cases, genotype-phenotype relationships for skeletal malformations, maternal virilisation in pregnancy, adrenal insufficiency, and disorders of sexual development (DSD).Data SourcesPubMed and Web of Science from January 2004 to February 2018.Study SelectionPublished case reports/series of patients with PORD. Eligible patients were unique, had biallelic mutations, and their clinical features were reported.Data ExtractionPatient data were manually extracted from the text of case reports/series. A malformation score, representing the severity of skeletal malformations, was calculated for each patient.Data SynthesisOf the 211 patients published in the literature, 90 were eligible for inclusion. More than 60 unique mutations were identified in this cohort. Four groups of mutations were identified, through regression modeling, as having significantly different skeletal malformation scores. Maternal virilization in pregnancy, reported for 21% of patients, was most common for R457H mutations. Adrenal insufficiency occurred for the majority of patients (78%) and was typically mild, with homozygous R457H mutations being the least deficient. DSD affected most patients (72%), but were less common for males (46XY) with homozygous R457H mutations.ConclusionsPORD is a complex disorder with many possible mutations affecting a large number of enzymes. By analyzing the cohort of reported PORD cases, this study identified clear relationships between genotype and several important phenotypic features.
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| 44. |
- Hameed, Khurram, et al.
(författare)
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Far-Field DOA Estimation of Uncorrelated RADAR Signals through Coprime Arrays in Low SNR Regime by Implementing Cuckoo Search Algorithm
- 2022
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Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-9292. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the purpose of attaining a high degree of freedom (DOF) for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimations in radar technology, coprime sensor arrays (CSAs) are evaluated in this paper. In addition, the global and local minima of extremely non-linear functions are investigated, aiming to improve DOF. The optimization features of the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm are utilized for DOA estimation of far-field sources in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. The analytical approach of the proposed CSAs, CS and global and local minima in terms of cumulative distribution function (CDF), fitness function and SNR for DOA accuracy are presented. The parameters like root mean square error (RMSE) for frequency distribution, RMSE variability analysis, estimation accuracy, RMSE for CDF, robustness against snapshots and noise and RMSE for Monte Carlo simulation runs are explored for proposed model performance estimation. In conclusion, the proposed DOA estimation in radar technology through CS and CSA achievements are contrasted with existing tools such as particle swarm optimization (PSO).
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| 45. |
- Hameed, Mustafa Q, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid lateral fluid percussion injury rodent model of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 25:7, s. 532-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. Initially described in 1989, lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) has since become the most extensively used and well-characterized rodent traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy model. Universal findings, particularly seizures that reliably develop after an initial latent period, are evident across studies from multiple laboratories. However, the LFPI procedure is a two-stage process, requiring initial surgical attachment of a skull fluid cannula and then reanesthesia for delivery of the epidural fluid pressure wave. We now describe a modification of the original technique, termed 'rapid lateral fluid percussion injury' (rLFPI), which allows for a one-stage procedure and thus shorter operating time and reduced anesthesia exposure. Anesthetized male Long-Evans rats were subjected to rLFPI through a length of plastic tubing fitted with a pipette tip cannula with a 4-mm aperture. The cannula opening was positioned over a craniectomy of slightly smaller diameter and exposed dura such that the edges of the cannula fit tightly when pressed to the skull with a micromanipulator. Fluid percussion was then delivered immediately thereafter, in the same surgery session. rLFPI resulted in nonlethal focal cortical injury in all animals. We previously demonstrated that the rLFPI procedure resulted in post-traumatic seizures and regional gliosis, but had not examined other histopathologic elements. Now, we show apoptotic cell death confined to the perilesional cortex and chronic pathologic changes such as ipsilesional ventriculomegaly that are seen in the classic model. We conclude that the rLFPI method is a viable alternative to classic LFPI, and - being a one-stage procedure - has the advantage of shorter experiment turnaround and reduced exposure to anesthetics.
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| 46. |
- Hassan, M. U., et al.
(författare)
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Digital Twins for Lighting Analysis : Literature Review, Challenges, and Research Opportunities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - European Council for Modelling and Simulation, ECMS. - : European Council for Modelling and Simulation. ; , s. 226-235
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light modelling, simulation, and photometric calculations are by now common tasks in the lighting design process. These practices contribute to the definition and comparison of suitable layout arrangements and help predict the impact of lighting devices. Those tasks demand the use of tools to support the simulation of different scenarios, the analyses of their pros and cons according to different criteria (e.g., health and safety, perception, aesthetics, energy consumption, and costs), and decision-making. Digital twins have emerged as relevant technologies to simulate and visualize different “what-if” scenarios associated with physical entities and processes. In this paper, we investigate the state-of-the-art research concerning the use of digital twins for supporting lighting analysis in the urban/outdoor context. We also present and discuss challenges and research opportunities related to the design, implementation, and validation of digital twins in this domain.
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| 47. |
- Khan, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Development and characterization of a new riveting process for pre-drilled holes hard-to-access aircraft riveted joints
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Nature. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 120:9-10, s. 6635-6646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research focused on developing a novel Friction Stir Riveting (FSR) technique, viz., Friction Stir Blind Riveting for pre-drilled holes (FSBR-pH), to improve the mechanical performance of hard-to-access aircraft joints. This objective is realized through a hierarchal four-pronged experimental and numerical analysis approach. Firstly, the existing FSBR process was evaluated where the existing process was found infeasible for pre-drilled holes. The existing process was then modified to develop good quality joints in case of pre-drilled holes. In the second step, a process window was created for FSBR-pH joints through (a) microscopic analysis of joint cross section to observe the presence of any defects/gaps and (b) numerical simulation. Microstructural and mechanical characterization (i.e., tensile strength and microhardness) of the optimized joints were performed in the third step where the presence of dynamic recrystallization was found responsible for the formation of submicron-sized grain in the stir region. The strain-hardening phenomenon was observed in the stir region which occurred due to extensive stirring at high spindle speeds. Finally, a comparison of the developed joints was drawn with existing Blind Riveted (BR) joints in terms of failure modes and tensile strength where the FSBR-pH joints performed better than their existing counterparts.
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| 48. |
- Khan, Hameed Ullah, et al.
(författare)
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SMDetector : Small mitotic detector in histopathology images using faster R-CNN with dilated convolutions in backbone model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1746-8094 .- 1746-8108. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women, and it is a deadly disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Pathologists face a challenging issue of mitotic cell identification and counting during manual detection and identification of cancer. Artificial intelligence can help the medical professional with early, quick, and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer. Consequently, the survival rate will be improved and mortality rate will be decreased. Different deep learning techniques are used in computational pathology for cancer diagnosis. In this study, the SMDetector is proposed which is a deep learning model for detecting small objects such as mitotic and non-mitotic nuclei. This model employs dilated layers in the backbone to prevent small objects from disappearing in the deep layers. The purpose of the dilated layers in this model is to reduce the size gap between the image and the objects it contains. Region proposal network is optimized to accurately identify small objects. The proposed model yielded overall average precision (AP) of 50.31% and average recall (AR) of 55.90% that outperforms the existing standard object detection models on ICPR 2014 (Mitos-Atypia-14) dataset. To best of our knowledge the proposed model is state-of-the-art model for precision and recall of mitotic object detection on ICPR 2014 (Mitos-Atypia-14) dataset. The proposed model has achieved average precision for mitotic nuclei 68.49%, average recall for mitotic nuclei 59.86% and f-measure 63.88%. © 2022 The Authors
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| 49. |
- Naqvi, Salman Raza, et al.
(författare)
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Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge : Thermo-kinetic study using TGA and artificial neural networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fuel. - Oxon, UK : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 233, s. 529-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge (HASS) is a considered as an effective method and a promising way for energy production from solid waste of wastewater treatment facilities. The main purpose of this work is to build knowledge on pyrolysis mechanisms, kinetics, thermos-gravimetric analysis of high-ash (44.6%) sewage sludge using model-free methods & results validation with artificial neural network (ANN). TG-DTG curves at 5,10 and 20 °C/min showed the pyrolysis zone was divided into three zone. In kinetics, E values of models ranges are; Friedman (10.6–306.2 kJ/mol), FWO (45.6–231.7 kJ/mol), KAS (41.4–232.1 kJ/mol) and Popescu (44.1–241.1 kJ/mol) respectively. ΔH and ΔG values predicted by OFW, KAS and Popescu method are in good agreement and ranged from (41–236 kJ/mol) and 53–304 kJ/mol, respectively. Negative value of ΔS showed the non-spontaneity of the process. An artificial neural network (ANN) model of 2 * 5 * 1 architecture was employed to predict the thermal decomposition of high-ash sewage sludge, showed a good agreement between the experimental values and predicted values (R2 ⩾ 0.999) are much closer to 1. Overall, the study reflected the significance of ANN model that could be used as an effective fit model to the thermogravimetric experimental data. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 50. |
- Scutelnic, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Previous reports and meta-analyses derived from small case series reported a mortality rate of up to 40% in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated cerebral venous thrombosis (COVID-CVT). We assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes in an international cohort of patients with COVID-CVT. Patients and methods: This was a registry study of consecutive COVID-CVT patients diagnosed between March 2020 and March 2023. Data collected by the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium from patients with CVT diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 served as a comparison. Outcome analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results: We included 70 patients with COVID-CVT from 23 hospitals in 15 countries and 206 controls from 14 hospitals in 13 countries. The proportion of women was smaller in the COVID-CVT group (50% vs 68%, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of COVID-CVT patients presented with altered mental state (44% vs 25%, p < 0.01), the median thrombus load was higher in COVID-CVT patients (3 [IQR 2-4] vs 2 [1-3], p < 0.01) and the length of hospital stay was longer compared to controls (11 days [IQR 7-20] vs 8 [4-15], p = 0.02). In-hospital mortality did not differ (5/67 [7%, 95% CI 3-16] vs 7/206 [3%, 2-7], aOR 2.6 [95% CI 0.7-9]), nor did the frequency of functional independence after 6 months (modified Rankin Scale 0-2; 45/58 [78%, 95% CI 65-86] vs 161/185 [87%, 81-91], aOR 0.5 [95% CI 0.2-1.02]). Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies, the in-hospital mortality rate and functional outcomes during follow-up did not differ between COVID-CVT patients and the pre-COVID-19 controls.
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