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- Nichols, E, et al.
(författare)
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Use of multidimensional item response theory methods for dementia prevalence prediction: an example using the Health and Retirement Survey and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC medical informatics and decision making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 21:1, s. 241-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundData sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However, validation samples from nationally representative surveys allow for the development of algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence nationally.MethodsUsing cognitive testing data and data on functional limitations from Wave A (2001–2003) of the ADAMS study (n = 744) and the 2000 wave of the HRS study (n = 6358) we estimated a two-dimensional item response theory model to calculate cognition and function scores for all individuals over 70. Based on diagnostic information from the formal clinical adjudication in ADAMS, we fit a logistic regression model for the classification of dementia status using cognition and function scores and applied this algorithm to the full HRS sample to calculate dementia prevalence by age and sex.ResultsOur algorithm had a cross-validated predictive accuracy of 88% (86–90), and an area under the curve of 0.97 (0.97–0.98) in ADAMS. Prevalence was higher in females than males and increased over age, with a prevalence of 4% (3–4) in individuals 70–79, 11% (9–12) in individuals 80–89 years old, and 28% (22–35) in those 90 and older.ConclusionsOur model had similar or better accuracy as compared to previously reviewed algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence in HRS, while utilizing more flexible methods. These methods could be more easily generalized and utilized to estimate dementia prevalence in other national surveys.
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- Al Banna, MH, et al.
(författare)
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Association between Nutrition Literacy and Bangladeshi Adults' Healthy Eating Behaviors: Evidence from the Nutrition Literacy Study 2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the association between healthy eating behaviors and nutrition literacy in a sample of Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adults from two districts of Bangladesh (Dhaka and Chattogram). Data were generated by in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire. The Nutrition Literacy Scale and National Dietary Guidelines for Bangladesh were used to assess nutrition literacy and healthy eating behaviors, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used to observe the association. The mean score for healthy eating behavior was 21.8 (SD = 4.8, Range: 5–33) on a scale of 34. A moderate positive correlation was found between nutrition literacy and healthy eating behavior of participants (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). The adjusted regression model showed that a 1 unit increase in nutrition literacy reflected an increase in the healthy eating behavior score of participants by 0.22 units (β = 0.223, p < 0.001). Findings showed an association between nutrition literacy and eating behaviors in Bangladeshi adults. Future research could be carried out to establish a causal relationship that may help inform the necessity of educational interventions for Bangladeshi adults to assist with meeting national nutrition-related targets.
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- Clergeot, Pierre-Henri, et al.
(författare)
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The corky root rot pathogen, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici manipulates tomato roots with molecules secreted early during their interaction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 62:4, s. 300-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corky root rot is a ubiquitous soil-borne disease of tomato caused by the pathogen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. This filamentous fungus is found on the roots of many crops and can persist in the soil up to 15 years as microsclerotia. High prevalence of corky root rot can be partly explained by the endurance and the broad host range of P. lycopersici, but how this fungus can gain access to host roots is still poorly understood, as its competitive saprophytic ability is very low. We have combined microscopy and reporter gene techniques to investigate the tomato-P. lycopersici interaction in vitro, and discovered the pathogen secretes molecules that change the direction of root growth and induce cell necrosis specifically in the apical part of the root of tomato ( apex, elongation zone and beginning of the root hair zone). Moreover, we found that the fungus preferentially infects immature root cells that are sensitive to these secreted fungal molecules, whereas infection is blocked in mature and insensitive parts of the root. Our study sheds light on novel and important features of the biology of this pathogen, which could contribute to its fitness in the rhizosphere.
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