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| 4. |
- Streubel, K., et al.
(författare)
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Novel technologies for 1.55-mu m vertical cavity lasers
- 2000
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Ingår i: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286 .- 1560-2303. ; 39:2, s. 488-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on three novel vertical-cavity laser (VCL) structures for 1.55-mu m operation. Two of the structures utilize an n-type GalnAsP/InP Bragg mirror combined with an Al(Ga)As/GaAs mirror using either wafer fusion or metamorphic epitaxial growth. The third employs two wafer-fused AlGaAs/GaAs mirrors, in which lateral current confinement is obtained by localized fusion of the p mirror. Ali three VCLs use strained GalnAsP quantum welts as active material and achieve continuous-wave (cw) operation at room temperature or above. The single fused VCL operates up to 17 and 101 degrees C in continuous-wave and pulsed mode, respectively. The monolithic VCL-structure with a metamorphic GaAs/AlAs n-type mirror uses a reverse-biased tunnel junction for current injection. This laser achieves record high output power (1 mW) at room temperature and operates cw up to 45 degrees C. The double fused VCLs with a 10x10-mu m(2) active area operate cw up to 30 degrees C with threshold current as low as 2.5 mA and series resistance of 30 Omega. The emission spectra exhibit a single lasing mode polarized with 30-dB extinction ratio and a spectral linewidth of 150 MHz.
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| 5. |
- Williamson, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study and functional characterization identifies candidate genes for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:6, s. 973-983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Previous genetic studies have largely focused on insulin resistance in the fasting state, where hepatic insulin action dominates. Here we studied genetic variants influencing insulin levels measured 2 h after a glucose challenge in >55,000 participants from three ancestry groups. We identified ten new loci (P < 5 × 10-8) not previously associated with postchallenge insulin resistance, eight of which were shown to share their genetic architecture with type 2 diabetes in colocalization analyses. We investigated candidate genes at a subset of associated loci in cultured cells and identified nine candidate genes newly implicated in the expression or trafficking of GLUT4, the key glucose transporter in postprandial glucose uptake in muscle and fat. By focusing on postprandial insulin resistance, we highlighted the mechanisms of action at type 2 diabetes loci that are not adequately captured by studies of fasting glycemic traits.
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| 6. |
- Almskog, LM, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective register study comparing fibrinogen treated trauma patients with an injury severity score matched control group
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 28:1, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFibrinogen concentrate (FC) is frequently used to treat bleeding trauma patients, although the clinical effects are not well known. In this study we describe demographic and clinical outcome data in a cohort of trauma patients receiving FC, compared to a matched control group, who did not receive FC.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study included adult trauma patients admitted to a level 1-trauma center in Sweden between January 2013 and June 2015. The study population consisted of patients to whom FC was administrated within 24 h (n = 138, “Fib+”). Patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 49 and/or deceased within 1 h from arrival were excluded (n = 30). Controls (n = 108) were matched for age, gender and ISS (“Fib-“). Primary outcome was mortality (24 h−/30 days−/1 year-), and secondary outcomes were blood transfusions, thromboembolic events and organ failure.ResultsThe Fib+ group, despite having similar ISS as Fib-, had higher prevalence of penetrating trauma and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), indicating more severe injuries. Patients receiving FC had a higher mortality after 24 h/ 30 days/ 1 year compared to controls (Fib-). However, in a propensity score matched model, the differences in mortality between Fib+ and Fib- were no longer significant. Blood transfusions were more common in the Fib+ group, but no difference was observed in thromboembolic events or organ failure. In both groups, low as well as high P-fibrinogen levels at arrival were associated with increased mortality, with the lowest mortality observed at P-fibrinogen values of 2–3 g/l.ConclusionsDespite equal ISS, patients receiving FC had a higher mortality compared to the control group, presumably associated to the fact that these patients were bleeding and physiologically deranged on arrival. When applying a propensity score matching approach, the difference in mortality between the groups was no longer significant. No differences were observed between the groups regarding thromboembolic events or organ failure, despite higher transfusion volumes in patients receiving FC.
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- Ashenafi, S, et al.
(författare)
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Daily Nutritional Supplementation with Vitamin D₃ and Phenylbutyrate to Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients Tested in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor nutritional status is common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients including vitamin D (vitD3) deficiency. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to investigate if daily nutritional supplementation with vitD3 (5000 IU) and phenylbutyrate (PBA, 2 × 500 mg) could mediate beneficial effects in treatment-naïve HIV patients. Primary endpoint: the change in plasma HIV-1 comparing week 0 to 16 using modified intention-to-treat (mITT, n = 197) and per-protocol (n = 173) analyses. Secondary endpoints: longitudinal HIV viral load, T cell counts, body mass index (BMI), middle-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), and 25(OH)D3 levels in plasma. Baseline characteristics were detectable viral loads (median 7897 copies/mL), low CD4+ (median 410 cells/µL), and elevated CD8+ (median 930 cells/µL) T cell counts. Most subjects were vitD3 deficient at enrolment, but a gradual and significant improvement of vitD3 status was demonstrated in the vitD3 + PBA group compared with placebo (p < 0.0001) from week 0 to 16 (median 37.5 versus 115.5 nmol/L). No significant changes in HIV viral load, CD4+ or CD8+ T cell counts, BMI or MUAC could be detected. Clinical adverse events were similar in both groups. Daily vitD3 + PBA for 16 weeks was well-tolerated and effectively improved vitD3 status but did not reduce viral load, restore peripheral T cell counts or improve BMI or MUAC in HIV patients with slow progressive disease. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01702974.
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| 10. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(författare)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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| 11. |
- Filiou, A, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Sensitization to Multiple Allergen Molecules from Preschool to School Age Is Related to Asthma
- 2022
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 183:6, s. 628-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Allergic sensitization in early life has been identified as a strong risk factor for subsequent asthma in childhood. It is still unclear why only a part of sensitized children develop asthma, and the role of specific allergen molecules in asthma pathogenesis is ambiguous [<i>Pharmacol Ther</i>. 2009 Feb;121(2):174–84]. We assessed the sensitization to multiple allergen molecules longitudinally and explored its relation to persistent asthma at 7 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-two children included during an acute wheezing episode (cases) were followed prospectively from early preschool age (EPA) to age 7, and compared to 43 healthy controls at EPA. Allergen molecules were analyzed at EPA and age 7 using ImmunoCAP Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC). Asthma diagnosis at 7 years was based on symptoms, medication, and spirometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At EPA, cases compared to controls showed a tendency toward having a higher prevalence of allergic sensitization (23.6% vs. 9.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.055). The prevalence of sensitization increased in cases from EPA to 7 years (23.6% vs. 38.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.048) as well as the median number (range) of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactive molecules 3 (3–14) versus 6.5 (1–21); <i>p</i> = 0.024. Sensitization to each additional molecule from EPA to the age of 7 was significantly related to asthma at 7 (OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.54]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Polysensitization, assessed by allergen molecules, had a significant impact on persistent asthma at school age. The extent of sensitization, illustrated by molecular spreading from preschool to school age, was related to asthma diagnosis at 7 years in children with a history of wheezing at early life.
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Long-wavelength infrared quantum-dot based interband photodetectors
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infrared physics & technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 54:3, s. 287-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the design and fabrication of (Al)GaAs(Sb)/InAs tensile strained quantum-dot (QD) based detector material for thermal infrared imaging applications in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) regime. The detection is based on transitions between confined dot states and continuum states in a type-II band lineup, and we therefore refer to it as a dot-to-bulk (D2B) infrared photodetector with expected benefits including long carrier lifetime due to the type-II band alignment, suppressed Shockley-Read-Hall generation-recombination due to the relatively large-bandgap matrix material, inhibited Auger recombination processes due to the tensile strain and epitaxial simplicity. Metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy was used to grow multiple (Al)GaAs(Sb) QD layers on InAs substrates at different QD nominal thicknesses, compositions, doping conditions and multilayer periods, and the material was characterized using atomic force and transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. Dot densities up to 1 x 10(11) cm(-2), 1 x 10(12) cm(-2) and 3 x 10(10) cm(-2) were measured for GaAs, AlGaAs and GaAsSb QDs, respectively. Strong absorption in GaAs, AlGaAs and GaAsSb multilayer QD samples was observed in the wavelength range 6-12 mu m. From the wavelength shift in the spectral absorption for samples with varying QD thickness and composition it is believed that the absorption is due to an intra- valance band transition. From this it is possible to estimate the type-II inter-band transition wavelength, thereby suggesting that (Al)GaAs(Sb) QD/InAs heterostructures are suitable candidates for LWIR detection and imaging.
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| 15. |
- Hitzler, P., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - : Springer. - 9783030213473 ; , s. v-vii
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
- Romelsjö, A, et al.
(författare)
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Abstention, alcohol use and risk of myocardial infarction in men and women taking account of social support and working conditions : the SHEEP case-control study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 98:10, s. 1453-1462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Very few studies indicating that low-moderate alcohol consumption protects from myocardial infarction (MI) controlled for social support and working conditions, which could confound the findings. Therefore, a first aim was to study the risk of non-fatal and total MI in relation to volume of alcohol consumption and measures of social support and working conditions. A second aim was to analyse the impact of the volume of earlier alcohol use in abstainers. Design Data came from a case-control study, the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP), including first MI among Swedish citizens 45-70 years old. Setting Stockholm County 1992-94. Participants There were 1095 cases of MI in men and 471 in women (928 and 3 72 were non-fatal), and 2339 living controls from the general population. Measurement Information about alcohol use at different periods in life and job strain, social anchorage and life control besides pre-existing health problems, smoking, physical activity, socio-economic status and marital status was obtained by a questionnaire from the cases and the controls. Findings In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the relative risk for MI (especially non-fatal) was reduced among alcohol consumers. RR for non-fatal MI was 0.52 (95% confidence intervals 0.32, 0.85) in men with a consumption of 50-69.9 g 100% ethanol/day and 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.77) in women with a consumption of 30 g or more per day (reference category 0.1-5 g 100% ethanol/day). Men who were abstainers during the previous 1-10 years and with an earlier average consumption of 5-30 g 100% ethanol/day had a significantly lower relative risk compared to such abstainers with an earlier higher consumption. Earlier consumption among abstainers may also have an impact on gender differences in MI. Analyses showed positive interaction between abstention and low life-control in women, but only 4% of the female cases were due to this interaction. There were no other interactions between measures of alcohol use and social anchorage, life control and working situations. Conclusion Alcohol use had a protective impact on MI, with little impact of job strain, social anchorage and life control, giving increased support for a protective impact of low-moderate alcohol use. The level of previous alcohol consumption among male 1-10-year-long abstainers influenced the risk of MI.
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- Sirivåg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Physical EXercise Augmented COGnitive Behaviour Therapy for Older Adults with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (PEXACOG)
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent severe anxiety disorder among older adults. The disorder has a pervasive influence on the lives of those affected, and is a risk factor for other severe disorders such as depression, dementia and coronary heart disease. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for this disorder, but older adults have shown reduced effect of treatment compared to working age adults. Physical exercise has been suggested as intervention to improve the effects of treatment for GAD, via its demonstrated positive effect on cognitive functioning, increased plasticity in the brain, and increased availability of neurotrophins important for extinction of fear associations. The aim of the current research project is to investigate whether augmenting CBT with physical exercise will lead to improved effects of CBT on GAD in older adults in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants between 60-75 years of age with a primary diagnosis of GAD will be randomised to one of two treatment conditions. The effects of treatment will be assessed on outcome measures, biological, physiological and cognitive measures at pre- interim-, and post-treatment, and follow-up assessments at 6- and 12-months post intervention. Participants in both groups will receive five weeks of pre-treatment intervention consisting of either physical exercise or weekly telephone contact. Participants thereafter receive either ten weeks of manualised CBT for GAD combined with manualised physical exercise or ten weeks of manualised CBT for GAD combined with weekly telephone contact. We expect that the treatment effect of the physical exercise augmented CBT will be greater than that of CBT combined with weekly telephone contact, as measured by a reduction in GAD symptoms on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and in the proportion of remitted patients. The study also aims to determining the possible beneficial and augmenting properties of physical exercise in combination with CBT, and our understanding of clinical characteristics of GAD and mechanisms involved in treatment effect. Treatment rationale, procedures and protocols will be presented in detail together with preliminary results from the initial feasibility study comprises eight participants.
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| 23. |
- Streubel, K., et al.
(författare)
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Long wavelength vertical cavity lasers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - San Jose, CA, USA. ; 3625:Bellingham, WA, United States, s. 304-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on three novel vertical cavity laser (VCL) structures for 1.55 Όm operation. Two of the VCL structures utilize an n-type GaInAsP/InP Bragg mirror combined with an Al(Ga)As/GaAs mirror using either wafer-fusion or metamorphic epitaxial growth. The third VCL employs two wafer fused AlGaAs/GaAs mirrors, in which lateral current confinement is obtained by localized fusion of the p-mirror. All three VCLs use strained GaInAsP quantum wells as active material and achieve continuous-wave (CW) operation at room-temperature or above. The single fused VCL operates up to 17 °C and 101 °C in continuous-wave and pulsed mode, respectively. The monolithic VCL-structure with a metamorphic GaAs/AlAs n-type mirror uses a reversed biased tunnel junction for current injection. This laser achieves record high output power (1mW) at room temperature and operates CW up to 45 °C. The double fused VCLs with a 10×10 Όm2 active area operate CW up to 30 °C with threshold current as low as 2.5 mA and series resistance of 30 Ohms. The emission spectra exhibit a single lasing mode polarized with 30 dB extinction ratio and a spectral linewidth of 150 MHz.
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| 43. |
- Goterfelt, L., et al.
(författare)
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The Incidence of Dental Fracturing in Electroconvulsive Therapy in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Ect. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1095-0680 .- 1533-4112. ; 36:3, s. 168-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives One adverse effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is dental fracture; thus, a bite guard and muscle relaxants are used to prevent it. Earlier research reported varying rates of dental fracture, but there is no large-scale study on the incidence of dental fracture during ECT. This study aimed to examine the incidence of dental fracture during ECT and to investigate whether the incidence differs between different sexes, age groups, diagnosis groups, electrode placements, or number of treatment sessions. Methods This register-based study used data from the Swedish national quality register for ECT. All hospitals offering ECT report to this register, and the coverage ratio is about 90%. All registered patients who started an ECT series between January 2012 and January 2019 were included in this study, with the data representing 16,681 individuals, 38,862 series, and 254,906 sessions. Results Forty-six dental fractures were identified, giving an incidence of dental fracture of 0.2% per series, 0.02% per session, and 0.3% per individual. We did not find any significant associations between dental fracture rates and male or female populations, age, or different diagnosis groups, nor was there any significant difference between dental fracture rates and electrode placement. The mean number of treatments was significantly higher in the dental fracture group than in patients without dental fracture. Conclusions There is a minimal risk of dental fracture during ECT. Our findings, together with those of other studies, provide further motivation for the use of a bite guard and muscle relaxant.
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| 45. |
- Hammar, Arvid, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Optical designs for a multi-beam 340 and 625/640 GHz Spaceborne climate research instrument
- 2015
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Ingår i: 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an ongoing study where different optical configurations for a multi-beam limb-viewing (four to eight receiver channels at 340 and two channels at 625 GHz) space-borne instrument for climate research are presented and compared. The optical configurations are analyzed in terms of optical performance (gain, side lobe levels, beam efficiency etc.), weight and size of the overall instrument envelope. Using ideal fundamental Gaussian beam modes and numerical tools relying on ray-tracing and physical optics methods, the different configurations are designed and evaluated. Preliminary results indicate that a 1.3 m × 0.65 m primary reflector can be used in a configuration that includes a relay optics system having two to four elements. In addition to the limb-viewing instrument, there will be an additional instrument operating at 640 GHz for observing clouds in nadir mode.
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| 46. |
- Hammar, Mats, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Few oligo-amenorrheic athletes have vasomotor symptoms
- 2000
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 34:3, s. 219-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess whether women with athletic oligo-amenorrhea have vasomotor symptoms. Material and methods: A mailed questionnaire was sent to 252 female athletes about vasomotor symptoms. Identical questions were also mailed to 1523 peri- and postmenopausal women. Results: The prevalence of vasomotor symptoms was low in female athletes with oligo- and amenorrhea and similar to that found in athletes with regular menstruations. The prevalence was significantly lower than in menopausal women. Although more than a third of the menopausal women had hormone replacement therapy, 30% of them still had vasomotor symptoms at least every week compared with only 2% of the oligo-amenorrheic athletes. Conclusion: Vasomotor symptoms are very uncommon in oligo-amenorrheic athletes, although many of them are hypoestrogenic. It was suggested that one factor contributing to these symptoms around menopause is low hypothalamic activity of ▀-endorphins, which makes the thermoregulatory centre labile. On the other hand, supraphysiological activity in hypothalamic ▀-endorphins may cause the oligo-amenorrhea in athletes, but may stabilise the thermoregulatory centre and thus prevent hot flushes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Hammar, T., et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of climate impact of bioenergy from a landscape
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings 2017. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; , s. 1493-1497
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy is a renewable energy source that can replace fossil energy sources in order to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Assessing the climate impact of bioenergy systems involves methodological choices that may influence the result. Choice of climate metric is one example that has been discussed in several papers recently, and choice of spatial scale is another factor that can impact the results. In this paper, different types of spatial scales (stand, theoretical landscape and real landscape) were used for assessing the time-dependent climate impact of bioenergy from short-rotation coppice willow and stumps harvested from conventional forests in Sweden. The result showed that the spatial scale has importance for the climate impact, especially for long-rotation forestry. However, the climate impact of both types of bioenergy systems was lower than for fossil coal over time, independently of spatial scale used. A landscape perspective was considered to be most relevant from a climate policy perspective.
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