| 1. |
- Agnér, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Bredäng : Miljonprogrammets föregångare
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 2. |
- Backlund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Sidh : a Game Based Firefighter Training Simulation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (IV '07). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769529003 ; , s. 899-907
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents Sidh - a game based firefighter training simulator developed in cooperation between the University of Sk¨ovde and the Swedish Rescue Services Agency. Sidh is based on computer game hardware and software solutions but adds a novel interaction model and gameplay specifically developed for the purpose of training firefighters. The simulator environment is a Cave where the player is interacting with the game through a set of sensors. Players move in the virtual world by movements in the physical world and a substantial physical effort is required to accomplish game tasks. Sidh has been used in a feasibility study where 31 firefighter students have been playing the game and the performance of these students as well as their reflections from using the game have been analyzed. Results from this study show that Sidh is a useful complement to traditional training methods and that the subjects give very high grades on the entertainment value of the game which indicate that this form of training may be self-motivating which is an important issue for voluntary, after-hours training.
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| 3. |
- Bosco, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Drugs for metabolic conditions and prostate cancer death in men on GnRH agonists.
- 2018
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 121:2, s. 260-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether drugs for metabolic conditions influence prostate cancer-specific mortality in men starting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, as it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome and its related drugs is affecting treatment response in men with prostate cancer on GnRH agonists.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected all men receiving GnRH agonists as primary treatment in the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) (n = 9267). Use of drugs for metabolic conditions (i.e. anti-diabetes, anti-dyslipidaemia, and antihypertension) in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and prostate cancer-specific death were studied using multivariate Cox proportional hazard and Fine and Gray competing regression models.RESULTS: In all, 6322 (68%) men used at least one drug for a metabolic condition at GnRH agonist initiation: 46% on antihypertensive drugs only, 32% on drugs for dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and ~10% on drugs for more than two metabolic conditions. Cox models indicated a weak increased risk of prostate cancer death in men who were on drugs for hypertension only (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.23) or drugs for hyperglycaemia (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.35) at GnRH agonist initiation. However, upon taking into account competing risk from CVD death, none of the drugs for metabolic conditions were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer death.CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence for a better or worse response to GnRH agonists in men with prostate cancer who were also on drugs for hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or hyperglycaemia.
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| 4. |
- Bosco, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose, lipids and gamma-glutamyl transferase measured before prostate cancer diagnosis and secondly diagnosed primary tumours : a prospective study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2407. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Improvements in detection and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) translate into more men living with PCa, who are therefore potentially at risk of a secondly diagnosed primary tumour (SDPTs). Little is known about potential biochemical mechanisms linking PCa with the occurrence of SDPTs. The current study aims to investigate serum biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measured prior to PCa diagnosis and their association with the occurrence of SDPTS.Methods: From the Swedish AMORIS cohort, we selected all men diagnosed with PCa between 1996 and 2011, with at least one of the five biomarkers of interest (glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), GGT) measured on average 16 years before PCa diagnosis (n = 10,791). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for risk of SDPTs (overall and subtypes) by levels of the five biomarkers. Effect modification of treatment was assessed.Results: 811 SDPTS were diagnosed during a median follow-up time of 5 years. Elevated levels of triglycerides (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.60), TC (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.42) and GGT (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.71) were associated with an increased risk of SDPTs. Risk of SDPTs subtypes varied by biomarkers.Conclusion: Elevated levels of biomarkers of lipid metabolism and GGT measured prior to PCa diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of SDPTs, suggesting a potential common biochemical background for development of PCa and SDPTs.
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| 5. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(författare)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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| 6. |
- Carlestam, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Aspudden : Förstaden, något för Eder
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 7. |
- Gunnarsson, Cecilia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Amplification of HSD17B1 has prognostic significance in postmenopausal breast cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 108:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ synthesis of estrogens is believed to be of great importance for the progression of breast cancer. In postmenopausal women most estrogens are synthesized in peripheral hormone-target tissues from circulating precursor steroids, by the enzymes involved in formation of active estrogens. One of the enzymes involved in this process is 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) type 1. This enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of estrone (E1) to the biologically more potent estradiol (E2). The gene coding for 17β-HSD type 1 (HSD17B1) is located at 17q12-21. The aim of this study was to investigate altered gene copy number of HSD17B1 in breast cancer. We used real-time PCR and examined 387 postmenopausal breast tumors for amplification of HSD17B1, and if an increased mRNA level of this enzyme is associated with amplification of the gene. We also investigated whether amplification of HSD17B1 has a prognostic value. There was a significant correlation between gene copy number of HSD17B1 and mRNA expression level (P = 0.00002). ER-positive patients with amplification of HSD17B1 showed lower breast cancer survival than patients without amplification (P = 0.025). Among ER-negative patients there was no significant correlation between increased gene copy number of HSD17B1 and prognosis. Furthermore, we found that amplification of the gene had prognostic significance in multivariate analysis adjusting for other clinicopathological variables. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
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| 8. |
- Hammar, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomiskt stöd för omställning genom utbyte av fossil jungfrulig plast : Slutrapport
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som ett led i att nå Sveriges långsiktiga klimatmål till år 2045, måste den fossila plasten bytas ut mot material med lägre klimatpåverkan samtidigt som materialåtervinningen måste öka. Det är flera utmaningar på vägen dit som måste lösas, bland annat att få upp efterfrågan på återvunnen och biobaserad råvara. Plastproduktionen har ökat ända sedan 1960-talet och förväntas fördubblas bara inom de närmsta 20 åren. Det är därmed ett väl utbrett och använt material som gör det utmanande att ersätta med nya. Men en omställning har påbörjats där privata aktörer tagit egna initiativ för att främja biobaserad eller återvunnen plast. För att stimulera små och medelstora företag att öka takten i omställningen från jungfrulig fossil plast behövs både stöd till företagen men även till hela branschen.Ett flertal intervjuer har genomförts med aktörer inom plastbranschen, såsom dagligvaruhandel, möbelindustrin och fordonsindustrin, som ger en aktuell bild över Sveriges plastanvändning och hantering. Från intervjuerna framkom det att; sortering, bearbetning och förädling idag saknas i Sverige, lagstiftningen ligger efter och utgör därmed ett hinder för företagen, biobaserad och återvunnen plast uppnår ännu inte likvärdig kvalitet som jungfrulig plast samtidigt som ett av de stora problemen fortfarande är att jungfrulig plast utgör det billigaste alternativet.Det krävs dels stöd i form av pengar dels informations- och kunskapshöjande åtgärder. Utifrån exemplen i rapporten kan konstateras att det behövs stora stöd över lång tid för att åstadkomma en omställning samtidigt som det är viktigt med kontinuitet och långsiktighet för att marknaden ska ha tillit. Utifrån intervjuerna framkom att behoven på marknaden idag är;fler anläggningar för återvinning,ökad efterfrågan på återvunnet materialstöd till produktutveckling,ökad tillgång till återvunnen och biobaserad råvara samtspårbarhet för materialet.För att överkomma dessa marknadsbrister som identifierats i uppdraget föreslås det att det krävs investeringar i såväl nya som befintliga företag som kan ta emot många olika typer av plaster och materialåtervinna dessa så att en återvinningsindustri byggs upp i Sverige.Rapporten går igenom olika case för att analysera kostnaderna för investeringar i produktionen av återvunnen plast samt potentialen av klimatnyttan. Resultaten gällande klimat visar att klimatpåverkan för produktion av återvunnen plast påverkas av mängden rejekt från processen och därför beräknas tre olika scenarier.Klimatpåverkan från tillverkningen av 53 000 ton fossil jungfrulig plast är 254 400 ton CO2-ekv. medan klimatpåverkan från motsvarande 53 000 ton återvunnen plast där utbytet är 50 procent sortering och 70 procent tvätt är 189 750 ton CO2-ekv.,klimatpåverkan från återvunnen plast där utbytet är 70 procent sortering och 90 procent tvätt är 63 110 ton CO2-ekv. ochtill sist visar resultaten att klimatpåverkan från högsta andelen återvunnen plast där utbytet är 90 procent sortering och 90 procent tvätt är 27 976 ton CO2-ekv.Alla tre scenarier för tillverkning av återvunnen plast har lägre klimatpåverkan än den totala klimatpåverkan från jungfrulig plast. Resultatet bygger på att det producerade återvunna plastgranulatet kan ersätta jungfruligt granulat med 100 procent och därmed uppnår samma kvalitet som jungfruligt plastgranluat.En typ av investering som identifierats som en potentiellt viktig åtgärd är i utrustning och maskiner för tvättning och malning för återvinning. En sådan investering i en större anläggning bedöms kosta minst 20 MSEK och en mindre anläggning bedöms kosta minst 350 000 SEK.Styrmedel för att främja dessa typer av investeringar som kan bidra till en omställning kan gynna både teknikutvecklingen såväl som vara marknadsdrivande. Exempel på marknadsdrivande styrmedel är skatt på plast eller plastprodukter med möjlighet för avdrag för återvunnen och biobaserad råvara, system med kvotplikt för återvunnen råvara i kombination med återvinningscertifikat för att säkerställa efterfrågan på marknaden samt offentlig upphandling med krav på eller mervärdeskriterier för andel återvunnen råvara. Exempel på systemövergripande styrmedel är stöd till kompetenshöjande åtgärder i industrin, skapa incitament för och anta en koordineringsroll kopplat till etablerandet av starkare aktörsnätverk kring teknologier, utveckla och implementera standarder som stödjer utvecklingen samt utforma visioner, mål och färdplaner baserat på ny teknologi.De förändringar av Klimatklivet som vi föreslår som prioriterade för Naturvårdsverket att gå vidare med, bedömer vi ger goda förutsättningar för branschen att ställa om från användning av fossil jungfrulig plast i små och medelstora företag. Förändringarna är sammanfattningsvis 1) ökad information om möjlighet att söka stöd till företag inom plast- och återvinningsindustrin; 2) överväg förändringar i gällande förordning som tydliggör att cirkulär ekonomi och effektiv materialanvändning ges prioritet vid likvärdig klimatnytta; 3) se över tolkningen av artikel 47 som vi menar inte utesluter stöd till investeringar som leder till en miljömässigt bättre eller effektivare återvinning jämfört med den bästa konventionella återvinningsprocessen som skulle kunna byggas utan stöd; 4) om möjlig förstärkning av budgeten inom Klimatklivet. De investeringar vi ser ett behov av ger också enligt beräkningar en låg kostnad per kg minskade utsläpp av koldioxidekvivalenter i jämförelse med andra åtgärder inom Klimatklivet. Vi bedömer också att stödet kan stärka en uppbyggnad av inhemsk produktion av återvunnen råvara som kan förbättra spårbarhet och därigenom stärka möjligheten till högre andel återvunnen råvara i produkter inom den svenska plastindustrin.Ett effektivt kunskapsstöd till företagen skulle kunna ges via den Nationella Plastsamordningen. Här föreslås även en möjlig uppbyggnad av en miljödatabas som kan fungera som en erfarenhetsbank där företagen kan ta del av erfarenheter från olika material och blandningar för att snabbare bygga upp kompetens.Kartläggningen har dessutom visat att det finns potential att bygga upp en svensk marknad för främst återvunnet material, då detta inte finns idag utan all råvara importeras. Det finns en stor potential för offentlig sektor inom upphandlingar att främja icke fossil jungfrulig plast. Ett stort arbete pågår hos Upphandlingsmyndigheten med guider för krav för att kunna driva marknaden.Utredningen menar avslutningsvis att plastindustrin generellt sett är duktiga på intern återvinning, så inom detta område finns ytterligare potential till att öka utbytet och kunskapen om andras produkter och material som kan bidra till att öka den egna andelen i sin produktion. Till sist nämns branschmål och plastpakter som effektiva medel till att stimulera branschen och främja att fler aktivt arbetar med omställningen.
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| 9. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact and energy efficiency of woody bioenergy systems from a landscape perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 120, s. 189-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate impact of bioenergy is debated, especially due to potential land use change effects and biogenic carbon fluxes. This study assessed the climate impact and energy efficiency of conventional long-rotation forest residues (branches, tops and stumps) and short-rotation forestry (willow) from a landscape perspective. A time-dependent life cycle assessment method, which considers the timing of biogenic carbon fluxes and the impact on global temperature over time, was combined with GIS mapping to assess the impact for a specific Swedish region (Uppsala County), i.e. a 'real' landscape. The results showed that harvesting forest residues decreased the forest carbon stocks over the landscape, while growing willow on previous fallow land increased the total carbon stocks. On average, energy ratios of 49 MJ MJ(-1) for branches and tops, and 30 MJ MJ(-1) for stumps and willow was found. Harvesting forest residues from the studied landscape resulted in climate impacts of around 0.8.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for branches and tops, and 1.3.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for stumps. Willow energy gave the lowest climate impact of about -0.6,10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat. The landscape analysis showed that spatial variations in the region had an effect on energy efficiency and climate impact, but that this effect was relatively small. A more important factor was the time frame chosen for the analysis, especially for long-rotation forest systems. Methodological choices such as spatial scale (stand or landscape perspective), allocation method and functional unit also influenced the results.
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| 10. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact assessment of willow energy from a landscape perspective : A Swedish case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:5, s. 973-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Locally produced bioenergy can decrease the dependency on imported fossil fuels in a region, while also being valuable for climate change mitigation. Short-rotation coppice willow is a potentially high-yielding energy crop that can be grown to supply a local energy facility. This study assessed the energy performance and climate impacts when establishing willow on current fallow land in a Swedish region with the purpose of supplying a bio-based combined heat and power plant. Time-dependent life cycle assessment (LCA) was combined with geographic information system (GIS) mapping to include spatial variation in terms of transport distance, initial soil organic carbon content, soil texture and yield. Two climate metrics were used [global warming potential (GWP) and absolute global temperature change potential (AGTP)], and the energy performance was determined by calculating the energy ratio (energy produced per unit of energy used). The results showed that when current fallow land in a Swedish region was used for willow energy, an average energy ratio of 30 MJ MJ-1 (including heat, power and flue gas condensation) was obtained and on average 84.3 Mg carbon per ha was sequestered in the soil during a 100-year time frame (compared with the reference land use). The processes contributing most to the energy use during one willow rotation were the production and application of fertilizers (~40%), followed by harvest (~35%) and transport (~20%). The temperature response after 100 years of willow cultivation was -6·10-16K MJ-1 heat, which is much lower compared with fossil coal and natural gas (70·10-16K MJ-1 heat and 35·10-16 K MJ-1 heat, respectively). The combined GIS and time-dependent LCA approach developed here can be a useful tool in systematic analysis of bioenergy production systems and related land use effects.
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| 11. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Impact of Willow Grown for Bioenergy in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 7:4, s. 1529-1540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-rotation coppice willow (SRCW) is a fast-growing and potentially high-yielding energy crop. Transition to bioenergy has been identified in Sweden as one strategy to mitigate climate change and decrease the current dependency on fossil fuel. In this study, life cycle assessment was used to evaluate and compare the climate impacts of SRCW systems, for the purpose of evaluating key factors influencing the climate change mitigation potential of SRCW grown on agricultural land in Sweden. Seven different scenarios were defined and analysed to identify the factors with the most influence on the climate. A carbon balance model was used to model carbon fluxes between soil, biomass and atmosphere under Swedish growing conditions. The results indicated that SRCW can act as a temporary carbon sink and therefore has a mitigating effect on climate change. The most important factor in obtaining a high climate change-mitigating effect was shown to be high yield. Low yield gave the worst mitigating effect of the seven scenarios, but it was still better than the effect of the reference systems, district heating produced from coal or natural gas.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hammar, T., et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of climate impact of bioenergy from a landscape
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings 2017. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; , s. 1493-1497
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy is a renewable energy source that can replace fossil energy sources in order to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Assessing the climate impact of bioenergy systems involves methodological choices that may influence the result. Choice of climate metric is one example that has been discussed in several papers recently, and choice of spatial scale is another factor that can impact the results. In this paper, different types of spatial scales (stand, theoretical landscape and real landscape) were used for assessing the time-dependent climate impact of bioenergy from short-rotation coppice willow and stumps harvested from conventional forests in Sweden. The result showed that the spatial scale has importance for the climate impact, especially for long-rotation forestry. However, the climate impact of both types of bioenergy systems was lower than for fossil coal over time, independently of spatial scale used. A landscape perspective was considered to be most relevant from a climate policy perspective.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hammar, Torun (red.), et al.
(författare)
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Re: Krubban : Restaureringskonst 2018/2019
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This publication is a collection of works made by students in the academic year of 2018/2019 of Restoration Arts at the Royal Institute of Art, Department of Architetural conservation. The works refers to the area Krubban in Östermalm in Stockholm.
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| 16. |
- Hammar, Torun (red.), et al.
(författare)
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Re: Krubban : Restaureringskonst 2018/2019
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work is a result of the course Restaureringskonst at the Royal Institute of Art in Stockholm, and consists of a map over potential solutions and new questions about cultural historic values.
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| 17. |
- Heldal, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and serious games for firefighter training : challenges for effective use
- 2016
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Ingår i: NOKOBIT - Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. - 1892-0748 .- 1894-7719. ; 24:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the main criteria of effectively managing emergency and crisis situations is good preparedness. Simulation and serious games (SSG) are often advocated as promising technologies supporting training and increasing the skills necessary to deal with new, complex and often unexpected situations. This paper is based on an investigation of why a seemingly appropriate SSG technology was not used long after procurement. We identified potential obstacles and challenges of SSG implementation in organizations responsible for societal safety. The focus is on fire fighter training and is based on 33 interviews with major stakeholders from seven countries, from organizations with successful as well as unsuccessful experiences of SSG use. By contrasting the different incentives and views regarding the technology use, this paper contributes to a better understanding of challenges related to SSG implementation and use. The results confirm the possible benefits of SSGs, but also highlight an urgent need for new approaches to integrate these new technologies into organizational practices. Only by formulating local, organizational strategies with the SSG use can the technology be implemented successfully
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, Cecilia, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Proteins Associated with the Early Restoration of Insulin Sensitivity After Biliopancreatic Diversion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is the most effective form of bariatric surgery for improving insulin sensitivity. Objective: To identify plasma proteins correlating with the early restoration of insulin sensitivity after BPD. Design: Prospective single-center study including 20 insulin-resistant men with morbid obesity scheduled for BPD. Patient characteristics and blood samples were repeatedly collected from baseline up to 4 weeks postsurgery. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Matsuda Index, and by studying metabolic profiles during meal tolerance tests. Unbiased proteomic analysis was performed to identify plasma proteins altered by BPD. Detailed plasma profiles were made on a selected set of proteins by targeted multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM/MS). Changes in plasma proteome were evaluated in relation to metabolic and inflammatory changes. Results: BPD resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight. Proteomic analysis identified 29 proteins that changed following BPD. Changes in plasma levels of afamin, apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA4), and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA2) correlated significantly with changes in IR. Conclusion: Circulating levels of afamin, ApoA4, and ApoA2 were associated with and may contribute to the rapid improvement in insulin sensitivity after BPD.
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| 19. |
- Kennedy, Beatrice, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Major cardiovascular events and death in parents of children with type 1 diabetes : a register-based matched cohort study in Sweden.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Parenting a child with type 1 diabetes has been associated with stress-related symptoms. This study aimed to elucidate the potential impact on parental risk of major cardiovascular events (MCE) and death.METHODS: In this register-based study, we included the parents of 18,871 children, born 1987-2020 and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden at <18 years. The median parental age at the child's diagnosis was 39.0 and 41.0 years for mothers and fathers, respectively. The cohort also encompassed 714,970 population-based matched parental control participants and 12,497 parental siblings. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to investigate the associations between having a child with type 1 diabetes and incident MCE and all-cause death, and, as secondary outcomes, acute coronary syndrome and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We adjusted for potential confounders including parental type 1 diabetes and country of birth.RESULTS: During follow-up (median 12 years, range 0-35), we detected no associations between parenting a child with type 1 diabetes and MCE in mothers (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15) or in fathers (aHR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94, 1.08). We noted an increased hazard of IHD in exposed mothers (aHR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05, 1.41) with no corresponding signal in fathers (aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.89, 1.05). Parental sibling analysis did not confirm the association in exposed mothers (aHR 1.01; 95% CI 0.73, 1.41). We further observed a slightly increased hazard of all-cause death in exposed fathers (aHR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01, 1.18), with a similar but non-significant estimate noted in exposed mothers (aHR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96, 1.20). The estimates from the sibling analyses of all-cause death in fathers and mothers were 1.12 (95% CI 0.90, 1.38) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.55, 0.96), respectively.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Having a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden was not associated with MCE, but possibly with all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to disentangle potential underlying mechanisms, and to investigate parental health outcomes across the full lifespan.
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| 20. |
- Lindgren, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Hypersecretion of ovarian androgens may be gonadotrophin dependent many years after menopause
- 2000
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 34:1, s. 43-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In fertile women both adrenals and ovaries contribute to androgen production, whereas after the menopause the ovarian contribution normally decreases. Objective: The objective of this case study was to assess whether ovarian androgen secretion was responsive to decreased gonadotrophin stimulation and whether gonadotrophins were sensitive to negative feedback from sex steroids many years after the menopause. Methods: In this uncontrolled case study a 72 years old slightly overweight woman with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented with hirsuitism and elevated serum testosterone concentrations. The woman was reluctant to have an oophorectomy, and received an oral estradiol/progestagene preparation. Serum testosterone and gonadotrophin concentrations were measured before and after steroid hormone therapy. Results: Serum gonadotrophin concentrations decreased and testosterone levels returned to normal during therapy. When the hormone therapy was stopped for 1 month the high testosterone concentrations returned, but were again normalized when the hormone therapy was reinitiated. Conclusion: The ovaries of this woman were apparently still responsive to pituitary stimulation and her hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian feed-back system still seemed to be working after 70 years of age.
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| 21. |
- Lundin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual function and combined oral contraceptives : a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Endocrine Connections. - : Bioscientifica. - 2049-3614. ; 7:11, s. 1208-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on female sexuality has long been a matter of discussion, but placebo-controlled studies are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if an oestradiol-containing COC influences sexual function.Design: Investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial where 202 healthy women were randomised to a combined oral contraceptive (1.5 mg oestradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate) or placebo for three treatment cycles.Methods: Sexual function at baseline and during the last week of the final treatment cycle was evaluated by the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire. Serum and hair testosterone levels were assessed at the same time points.Results: Compared to placebo, COC use was associated with a small decrease in sexual interest (COC median change score: -2.0; interquartile range (IQR): -5.0 to 0.5 vs placebo: -1.0; IQR: -3.0 to 2.0, P=0.019), which remained following adjustment for change in self-rated depressive symptoms (B= -0.80 +/- 0.30, Wald =7.08, P=0.008). However, the proportion of women who reported a clinically relevant deterioration in sexual interest did not differ between COC or placebo users (COC 18 (22.2%) vs placebo 16 (17.8%), P=0.47). Change in other measured aspects of sexual function as well as total score of sexual function did not differ between the two treatments.Conclusions: This study suggests that use of oestradiol-based COCs is associated with reduced sexual interest. However, the changes are minute, and probably not of clinical relevance.
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| 22. |
- Nderitu, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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The association between individual metabolic syndrome components, primary liver cancer and cirrhosis : A study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:6, s. 1148-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may progress to cirrhosis, a significant risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the commonest malignant primary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated the association between the individual components of MetS (lipids, apolipoproteins, raised glucose, diabetes and obesity), PLC and cirrhosis. A total of 509,436 participants from the Swedish AMORIS cohort, recruited between January 1985 and December 1996 (end-date December 2011), aged >= 20 with baseline triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose and liver enzymes were included. Those with baseline benign liver tumours, PLC or cirrhosis were excluded. Multivariate Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, liver disease (excluding cirrhosis) and MetS factors were used to estimate the association with PLC and cirrhosis. There were 766 PLC and 2,775 cirrhosis cases over 13 years. Raised TG, low TC, raised glucose, diabetes and low HDL were associated with an increased risk of developing PLC and cirrhosis. ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were also associated with PLC, whilst low LDL, raised TG/HDL, low ApoA-I and low ApoB were associated with cirrhosis. Obesity was significantly associated with PLC but not cirrhosis. Raised TG, low TC, raised glucose and diabetes showed stronger associations with PLC in participants with cirrhosis but many participants developed PLC without cirrhosis. Individual components of MetS (lipids, apolipoproteins, raised glucose, diabetes and obesity) were associated with an increased risk of developing PLC or cirrhosis. MetS components were more strongly associated with PLC with preceding cirrhosis history but many participants developed PLC without cirrhosis.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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Hökarängen : Omtankens 50-tal
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 25. |
- Thomsen, Frederik Birkebaek, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-androgen monotherapy versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in men with advanced, non-metastatic prostate cancer : a register-based, observational study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 58:1, s. 110-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:In randomised controlled trials, men with advanced, non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) treated with anti-androgen monotherapy (AA) had similar all-cause mortality as men treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Using real-world evidence (i.e., observational data), we aimed to further assess the difference in mortality between these two drug categories.Material and Methods:We emulated a trial using data from Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 3.0. We specifically focused on men diagnosed in 2006-2012 with high-risk PCa who had no distant metastasis. They either received primary hormonal therapy with AA (n=2078) or GnRH agonists (n=4878) who were followed for a median time of 5 years. Risk of death from PCa and other causes was assessed using competing risk analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, including propensity score matching.Results:The cumulative 5-year PCa mortality was lower for men treated with AA (16% [95% confidence interval, CI, 15-18%]) than men treated with GnRH agonists (22% [95% CI 21-24%]). The 5-year other cause mortality was also lower for men on AA (17% [95% CI 15-19%] compared to men on GnRH agonists (27% [95% CI 25-28%]). In regression analyses, the risk of PCa death was similar, GnRH agonists versus AA (reference), hazard ratio (HR) 1.08 (95% CI 0.95-1.23), but the risk of death from all causes was higher for men on GnRH agonists, HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.13-1.34). Consistent results were seen in the propensity score-matched cohort.Conclusion:Our results indicate that the use of AA as primary hormonal therapy in men with high-risk non-metastatic PCa does not increase PCa-specific mortality compared to GnRH. Using AA instead of GnRH agonists may result in shorter time on/exposure to GnRH-treatment, which may reduce the risk of adverse events associated with this treatment.
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| 26. |
- Williamson, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study and functional characterization identifies candidate genes for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:6, s. 973-983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Previous genetic studies have largely focused on insulin resistance in the fasting state, where hepatic insulin action dominates. Here we studied genetic variants influencing insulin levels measured 2 h after a glucose challenge in >55,000 participants from three ancestry groups. We identified ten new loci (P < 5 × 10-8) not previously associated with postchallenge insulin resistance, eight of which were shown to share their genetic architecture with type 2 diabetes in colocalization analyses. We investigated candidate genes at a subset of associated loci in cultured cells and identified nine candidate genes newly implicated in the expression or trafficking of GLUT4, the key glucose transporter in postprandial glucose uptake in muscle and fat. By focusing on postprandial insulin resistance, we highlighted the mechanisms of action at type 2 diabetes loci that are not adequately captured by studies of fasting glycemic traits.
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