| 1. |
- Brydsten, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood : Results from the Northern Swedish cohort
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:5, s. 796-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the possible long-term health consequences of youth unemployment. Research indicates that unemployment may lead to socioeconomic downward mobility and mental health problems, but we still lack knowledge of the long-term health consequences of youth unemployment. This article examines the potential long-term association between youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The ‘Northern Swedish cohort’ was used with data from five data collections, from 1981 (age 16) until 2007 (age 42). Youth unemployment was measured as months in unemployment between age 16 and 21, and health outcome as functional somatic symptoms (an index of 10 items of self-reported symptoms). Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between months in youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms at age 21 and age 42, stratified for women and men and adjusted for potential confounders, such as time spent in education at age 21 and later unemployment between age 21 and 42. Results: Youth unemployment was significantly related to functional somatic symptoms at age 21 for men after controlling for confounders, but not for women. Among men, the association remained for functional somatic symptoms at age 42, after controlling for confounders. Conclusions: Adolescence seems to be a sensitive period during which unemployment could have remaining health effects in adulthood, at least for men, though assumptions of causality are tentative and more research is needed.
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| 2. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered expectations and structural conditions in ice hockey
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Ingår i: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. - 0270-1367 .- 2168-3824.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using player questionnaires (72 women, 42 men) and club staff interviews, this paper provides an analysis of the effect of structural conditions on expectations of support and hindrance. In spite of large structural conditions women and men rated similar levels of support and hindrance. Yet, both women and men believed that the situation in sport was better for men. The adult women’s lower expectations may be an indication of their awareness of their lower status within their sport. When comparisons are made between women and men in sport it is important to consider that gender operates at different levels and may affect conditions as well as expectations
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| 3. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered expectations and structural conditions in ice hockey
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using player questionnaires (72 women, 42 men) and club staff interviews, this paper provides an analysis of the effect of structural conditions on expectations of support and hindrance. In spite of large structural conditions women and men rated similar levels of support and hindrance. Yet, both women and men believed that the situation in sport was better for men. The adult women’s lower expectations may be an indication of their awareness of their lower status within their sport. When comparisons are made between women and men in sport it is important to consider that gender operates at different levels and may affect conditions as well as expectations
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| 4. |
- Harryson, Lisa, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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"I have surly passed a limit, it is simply too much" : women's and men's experiences of stress and wellbeing when living within a process of housework resignation
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gender inequality within paid and unpaid work exposes women and men to different environments and responsibilities. These gender patterns shape living conditions for women and men, either negatively or positively, by affecting the prospect of good health. Most public health studies of gender and housework are quantitative, and knowledge about the relationship between housework experiences and health for women and men is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the housework experiences and practices of women and men and their experiences of stress and perceived wellbeing from a gender perspective.METHODS: We conducted thematic interviews with four women and four men living in Sweden, and performed an analysis using the Grounded Theory method.FINDINGS: We found that stereotypical gender practices in housework influenced experiences of stress and perceived wellbeing among women and men. Despite proposing gender equality in housework as a means of improving wellbeing, inequality was amplified by the way women and men handle the gendered division of housework. We call this recurring theme "The process of housework resignation", which also constitute the core category in our analysis. "The process of housework resignation" was theorised from the categories "Gender practices in housework", "Experiencing stress and wellbeing" and "Managing daily life".CONCLUSIONS: Stereotypical gender practices in housework can increase experiences of stress among women and men. Challenging stereotypical masculinities can be a key for breaking the process of resignation in housework and for facilitating improved health among both women and men in heterosexual couple relationships within a Swedish context.
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| 5. |
- Hedberg, Maria E., et al.
(författare)
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Prevotella jejuni sp. nov., isolated from the small intestine of a child with celiac disease.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5034 .- 1466-5026. ; 63:11, s. 4218-4223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative, saccharolytic and proteolytic, non-spore-forming bacilli (CD3:27, CD3:28T, CD3:33, CD3:32 and CD3:34) are described. All five strains were isolated from the small intestine of a female child with celiac disease. The cells of the five strains were observed to be short rods or coccoid cells with longer filamentous forms seen sporadically. The organisms produced acetic acid and succinic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analysis, based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed close relationships between CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 on one hand, between CD3:32 and P. histicola CCUG 55407T and between CD3:34 and P. melaninogenica CCUG 4944BT on the other. The strains CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 were clearly different from any other species within the genus Prevotella and most closely related to but distinct from P. melaninogenica. Based on 16S rRNA gene, RNA polymerase β-subunit gene and 60-kDa chaperonin protein subunit gene sequencing, phenotypic, chemical and biochemical properties strains CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 have been determined to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, named Prevotella jejuni sp. nov. Strain CD3:28T (CCUG 60371T = DSM 26989T) is the type strain of the proposed new species. All five strains were able to form homologous aggregates, in which tube-like structures were connecting individual bacteria cells. The five strains were able to bind to human intestinal carcinoma cell lines at 37 °C.
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| 6. |
- Kalucza, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and parenthood : a longitudinal study of the relationship between self-reported mental health and parenthood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health Sociology Review. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1446-1242 .- 1839-3551. ; 24:3, s. 283-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to previous studies, the relationship between parenthood and mental health is not straightforward. One reason could be that selection effects on parenthood are seldom accounted for. Using the unique Northern Swedish Cohort dataset, following individuals from age 16 to 43 (n=1001), this study examines whether there is a selection effect of self-reported mental health in adolescence into parenthood; and whether entry into parenthood is related to subsequent mental health after controlling for prior mental health. Our results show no evidence of a selection effect for women, but men with poor mental health at age 16 were less likely to become fathers. Having children improved women's subsequent mental health after controlling for adolescent mental health, something that was not true for men. Our result reinforces the need for future research of the complex relationship between mental health and parenthood through focusing on, for example, timing of parenthood as well as through using different mental health measures.
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| 7. |
- Khatun, Masuma, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of factors identified in adolescence and early adulthood on social class inequities of musculoskeletal disorders at age 30 : A prospective population-based cohort study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : International Epidemiological Association. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 33:6, s. 1353-1360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Social class inequities have been observed for mostmeasures of health. A greater understanding of the relativeimportance of different explanations is required. In this prospectivepopulation-based cohort study we explored the contribution offactors, ascertained at different stages between adolescenceand early adulthood, to social class inequities in musculoskeletaldisorders (MSD) at age 30.Methods We used data from 547 men and 497 women from a townin north Sweden who were baseline examined at age 16 and followedup to age 30. Using logistic regression models, we estimatedthe unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for MSD for blue-collar versuswhite-collar workers in men and women separately. We assessedthe contribution of different factors identified between adolescenceand early adulthood by comparing the unadjusted OR for socialclass differences with OR adjusted for these explanatory factors.Results We found significant class differences at age 30 withhigher MSD among blue-collar workers (OR = 2.03 in men [95%CI: 1.42, 2.90] and 1.98 in women [95% CI: 1.29, 3.02]). Afteradjustment for explanatory factors, class differences decreasedand were no longer significant, with OR of 1.20 in men (95%CI: 0.76, 1.95) and 1.18 in women (95% CI: 0.69, 2.03). Schoolgrades at age 16; being single and alcohol consumption at age21; having children, restricted financial resources, physicalactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and working conditionsat age 30 were important for men; parents' social class, schoolgrade, smoking and physical activity at age 16; being singleat age 21; and working conditions at age 30 were important forwomen.Conclusion The accumulation of adverse behavioural and socialcircumstances from adolescence to early adulthood may be anexplanation for the class differences in MSD at age 30. Interventionsaimed at reducing health inequities need to consider exploratoryfactors identified at early and later stages in life, also includingstructural determinants of health.
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| 8. |
- Linander, Ida, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Which socio-economic measures are associated with psychological distress for men and women? : A cohort analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:2, s. 231-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are contradictory results regarding whether there is a social gradient in common mental disorders or not, or if this relation differs for different indicators or by gender. We analysed the relation between various measures of socio-economic position and later psychological distress among men and women in a Swedish context. Methods: The study is based on data from the Northern Swedish Cohort (N= 1001, 93.5% response rate), a 27-year prospective study. Logistic regression was used to explore the relation between various indicators of socio-economic position at age 30 (occupation, education, financial strain, cash margin, unemployment and living primarily on social welfare or unemployment insurance) and psychological distress (age 42), controlling for earlier psychological distress (age 21) and parental occupational class. Register data were used to measure unemployment. All other variables were self-reported, and measured by a questionnaire. Results: Financial strain and living on social welfare or unemployment insurance at age 30 were associated with psychological distress at age 42 for men and women. Poor cash margin and unemployment were only associated with psychological distress in women, after controlling for potential confounders. Low occupational class and low education were not significantly related to later psychological distress. Conclusion: The two most commonly used measures of socio-economic position, occupation and education, were not significantly associated with psychological distress while other, less studied measures were. This study highlights the importance of measuring socio-economic position in several ways when studying common mental disorders, as well as to take gender into account.
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| 9. |
- Novak, Masuma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A life-course approach in explaining social inequity in obesity among young adult men and women.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 30:1, s. 191-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the cumulative influence of adverse behavioural, social, and psychosocial circumstances from adolescence to young adulthood in explaining social differences in overweight and obesity at age 30 years and if explanations differ by gender.A 14-year longitudinal study with 96.4% response rate.Data from 547 men and 497 women from a town in north Sweden who were baseline examined at age 16 years and prospectively followed up to age 30 years.Overweight and obesity were ascertained at ages 16 and 30 years. Occupation and education were used to measure socioeconomic status. The explanatory measurements were: age at menarche, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, TV viewing, home and school environment, social support, social network, and work environment.No gender or social difference in overweight was observed at age 16 years. At age 30 years, significantly more men than women (odds ratio (OR) = 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14-3.68) were overweight or obese. Educational level was associated with overweight at age 30 years, but not occupational class. Both men (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.10-2.19) and women (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.16-2.73) with low education (< or =11 years) were at risk of overweight. The factors that explained the educational gradient in overweight among men were low parental support in education during adolescence, and physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and nonparticipation in any association during young adulthood. The educational gradient in overweight in women was explained mostly by adolescence factors, which include early age at menarche, physical inactivity, parental divorce, not being popular in school, and low school control. Restricted financial resource during young adulthood was an additional explanatory factor for women. All these factors were significantly more common among men and women with low education than with high education.Social inequities in overweight reflect the cumulative influence of multiple adverse circumstances experienced from adolescence to young adulthood. Underlying pathways to social inequity in overweight differ between men and women. Policy implications to reduce social inequity in overweight include reduction of social differences in health behaviours and social circumstances that take place at different life stages, particularly psychosocial circumstances during adolescence.
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| 10. |
- Novak, Masuma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in smoking: influence of social chain of risks from adolescence to young adulthood: a prospective population-based cohort study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science & Business Media B.V.. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 14:3, s. 181-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathway between socioeconomic disadvantages and smoking is a process that requires an understanding of life-course influence.This study investigated pathways of social risks at different life stages that are linked to adolescent smoking and maintenance of smoking through to young adulthood.A cohort consisting of all pupils (n = 1083) from one Swedish city were followed from age 16 to age 30 (1981-1995), with a 96.4% response rate.Odds ratios of being a smoker at age 30 among low educated were 2.54 for men and 2.53 for women. Using structural equation model analysis for men and women, a strong chain of risks was found from age 16 linking to smoking at age 30: adolescents with adverse socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely from a divorced family. Being from a divorced family and having poor contact with their parents influenced their smoking directly and through peers. Adolescents with adverse SES were also likely to be unpopular in school, which affected their smoking behavior directly and through peers. These socially disadvantaged participants, who were smokers at age 16, continued smoking until age 30 years. The risk pathways were similar for both men and women.Adult smoking reflects the cumulative influence of multiple socioeconomic and psychosocial chains of risks experienced during upbringing. The programs that are addressed to reduce smoking among socially disadvantaged adolescents would have an impact in reducing smoking inequalities in adults.
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| 11. |
- Novak, Masuma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Social and health-related correlates of intergenerational and intragenerational social mobility among Swedish men and women
- 2012
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Ingår i: Public health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1476-5616 .- 0033-3506. ; 126:4, s. 349-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the pattern and determinants of inter- and intragenerational occupational mobility among Swedish men and women. STUDY DESIGN: A Swedish 14-year prospective longitudinal study (response rate 96.5%). METHODS: Detailed information on 546 men and 495 women regarding their occupation, health status, health-related behaviour, psychosocial environment at home and school, material recourses and ethnicity prior to mobility were available at 16, 21 and 30 years of age. Odds ratios and 99% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression to determine social mobility. RESULTS: The results indicated that being popular at school predicted upward mobility, and being less popular at school predicted downward mobility. Additionally, material deprivation, economic deprivation, shorter height (women) and poor health behavioural factors predicted downward mobility. Among this cohort, being less popular at school was more common among subjects whose parents had low socio-economic status. Occupational mobility was not influenced by ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from height (women), health status was not associated with mobility for men or women either inter- or intragenerationally. Unfavourable school environment was a consistent predictor of mobility for both genders. The results indicate that schools should be used as a setting for interventions aimed at reducing socio-economic health inequities. Targeted school interventions that are designed to assist higher educational attainment of socio-economically disadvantaged youth would help to break the social chain of risk experienced during this time, and thereby alter their life course in ways that would reduce subsequent social inequities in health and well-being.
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| 12. |
- Schéle, Ingrid A., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A model of psychosocial work environment, stress, and satisfaction among dental students in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Education. - Washington : American dental education association. - 0022-0337 .- 1930-7837. ; 76:9, s. 1206-1217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental students are often described as stressed. The stress has, among other things, been connected to stressors in their psychosocial environment and inconsistent feedback. The hypothesis of this study was that the psychosocial work environment in dental schools leads to stress and affects the satisfaction of dental students and that tolerance for ambiguity shields students from stress. A web-based survey was sent to the entire Swedish dental student population in clinical training (N=805); the response rate was 40 percent. Structural equation modeling used in the analyses contains four main constructs: psychosocial work environment, tolerance for ambiguity, perceived stress, and student satisfaction (χ2=267.437, d.f.=174, p<0.001, Normed χ2=1.537, RMSEA= 0.041, CFI=0.98). Psychosocial work environment influenced both perceived stress and satisfaction: it accounted for almost all of the explained variance in perceived stress for women, while about half of the variance for the men was explained by tolerance for ambiguity. This study concluded that about 40 percent of the total perceived stress of these female dental students was related to their psychosocial work environment. Tolerance for ambiguity shielded men but not women from stress. An improved psychosocial work environment in dental schools would decrease the stress of both male and female dental students.
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| 13. |
- Schéle, Ingrid, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Shared ambiguity but different experiences and demands among dental students : a gender perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Psychology. - : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. - 1478-0887 .- 1478-0895. ; 8:1, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how dental students experience their clinical semesters from a gender perspective. Twelve students (seven women and five men) and three teachers (two women and one man) at the Umeå dentistry programme participated in semi-structured interviews that were analysed with Grounded Theory methodology. The model we propose consists of the core category Experiencing ambiguity and the three categories Experiencing pressure and stress, Assessing your own performance, and Passing through the eye of the needle and also includes four subcategories. At the core of our findings lies ambiguity, captured in the student dilemmas What’s enough/When’s enough. The answers to these dilemmas are further complicated by the gendered dimension and the dimension of unequal treatment, which provide students with different and contradicting sets of rules and roles. A comparison with recent findings from the U.S. shows that their experiences are not unique. Our Experiencing ambiguity model constitutes a platform for future research on how students experience clinical education, as well as potential predictors and consequences in relation to performance and well-being.
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| 14. |
- Schéle, Ingrid, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The psychosocial work environment affects female dental students more than male
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Education. - 0022-0337 .- 1930-7837.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental students are often described as stressed, and the stress has, among other things, been connected to inconsistent feedback. We hypothesised that the psychosocial work environment of the dentistry programme influences the stress and satisfaction of dental students, and that tolerance for ambiguity shields the students from stress.A web-survey was sent to the entire Swedish dental student population in clinical training (P ≈ 805), of which 40 percent participated.The SEM-model contains four main constructs: psychosocial work environment, tolerance for ambiguity, perceived stress, and student satisfaction (χ2 = 402.638, df = 264, p<0.000, Normed χ2 = 1.525, RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.97). Psychosocial work environment influenced both perceived stress and satisfaction. Psychosocial work environment accounted for almost all of the explained variance in perceived stress for women, while about half of the variance for the men was explained by tolerance for ambiguity.We conclude that about 40 percent of the total perceived stress of female dental students is related to their psychosocial work environment. Tolerance for ambiguity shields men, but not women, from stress. Improved psychosocial work environment at the dentistry programme would decrease the stress of both male and female dental students.
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| 15. |
- Stålnacke, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a gender bias in recommendations for further rehabilitation in primary care of patients with chronic pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation of Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 47:4, s. 365-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine potential gender bias in recommendations of further examination and rehabilitation in primary care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment. Methods: The population consisted of consecutive patients (n=589 women, 262 men) referred during a 3-year period from primary healthcare for assessment by interdisciplinary teams at a pain specialist rehabilitation clinic. Patient data were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. The outcome was defined as the examination or rehabilitation that was specified in the patient's record. Results: Men had a significantly higher likelihood than women of being recommended physiotherapy and radiological examination, and the gender difference was not explained by confounding variables and covariates (age, marital status, ethnicity, education, working status, pain severity, pain interference, pain sites, anxiety and depression). There was no significant gender difference in recommendations to treatment by specialist physician, occupational therapist, psychologist or social worker. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the interdisciplinary teams in specialist healthcare may discriminate against women with chronic pain when physiotherapy and radiological investigation are recommended. The team's choice of recommendations might be influenced by gendered attitudes, but this field of research needs to be studied further.
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| 16. |
- Westerlund, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Parental academic involvement in adolescence as predictor of mental health trajectories over the life course : a prospective population-based cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental health problems are rising, especially among younger people, indicating a need to identify determinants of the development of mental health over the life course. Parental involvement in their children's studies, particularly in terms of academic socialisation, has been shown to predict better mental health in adulthood, as well as other more favourable health outcomes, but no study published so far has examined its impact on trajectories of mental health. We therefore sought to elucidate the role of parental involvement at age 16 on the life course development of internalised mental health symptoms. Methods: In a population-based cohort (452 women and 488 men, 87 % of the eligible participants), we examined the association between parental involvement in their offspring's studies, measured by teacher and pupil ratings at age 16, and an index of internalised mental health symptoms at the ages of 16, 18, 21, 30, and 43. Using latent class trajectory analysis, 5 different trajectories were derived from these indices: Very low stable (least symptoms), Low stable, Increasing, Moderate stable, and High decreasing (most symptoms). Multinomial logistic regression was used to regress trajectory membership on the parental involvement variables. Results: Teacher-rated parental interest in their offspring's studies during the last year of compulsory school was associated with a lower risk of entering the Moderate stable (OR = 0.54; 95 % CI 0.30 to 0.98) and High decreasing (OR = 0.41; 0.18 to 0.91) trajectories, compared with the Low stable, also after adjustment for sex, parental social class and mental health, family unemployment and own school grades. Both these associations were present only in children with grades above the national average. Student-rated availability of assistance with homework was associated with a higher chance of entering the Very low stable trajectory in the whole sample (OR = 1.24; 1.07 to 1.43), in men (OR = 1.25; 1.05 to 1.48) and in those with above average grades (OR = 1.39; 1.13 to 1.72), and with a lower risk of entering the Moderate stable in women (OR = 0.74; 0.55 to 0.99), also after the same adjustments. Conclusions: Parental involvement in their offspring's studies may buffer against poor mental health in adolescence which may track into adulthood.
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