| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abe, H., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 517:4, s. 4736-4751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAXIJ1820+070 is a low-mass X-ray binary with a black hole (BH) as a compact object. This binary underwent an exceptionally bright X-ray outburst from 2018 March to October, showing evidence of a non-thermal particle population through its radio emission during this whole period. The combined results of 59.5 h of observations of the MAXI J1820+070 outburst with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS experiments at energies above 200 GeV are presented, together with Fermi-LAT data between 0.1 and 500 GeV, and multiwavelength observations from radio to X-rays. Gamma-ray emission is not detected from MAXI J1820+070, but the obtained upper limits and the multiwavelength data allow us to put meaningful constraints on the source properties under reasonable assumptions regarding the non-thermal particle population and the jet synchrotron spectrum. In particular, it is possible to show that, if a high-energy (HE) gamma-ray emitting region is present during the hard state of the source, its predicted flux should be at most a factor of 20 below the obtained Fermi-LAT upper limits, and closer to them for magnetic fields significantly below equipartition. During the state transitions, under the plausible assumption that electrons are accelerated up to similar to 500 GeV, the multiwavelength data and the gamma-ray upper limits lead consistently to the conclusion that a potential HE and very-HE gamma-ray emitting region should be located at a distance from the BH ranging between 10(11) and 10(13) cm. Similar outbursts from low-mass X-ray binaries might be detectable in the near future with upcoming instruments such as CTA.
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| 5. |
- Amati, L., et al.
(författare)
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The THESEUS space mission concept : science case, design and expected performances
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 62:1, s. 191-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1 sr) with 0.5-1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3 keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) follow-up with a 0.7 m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift similar to 10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of re-ionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late '20s/early '30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/ aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA).
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| 6. |
- Acharyya, A., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 954:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2 degrees .2 away from the best -fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high -flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV ?-ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the ?-ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and ?-ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed ?-ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power.
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| 7. |
- De Angelis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Science with e-ASTROGAM A space mission for MeV-GeV gamma-ray astrophysics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. - : Elsevier. - 2214-4048 .- 2214-4056. ; 19, s. 1-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- e-ASTROGAM ('enhanced ASTROGAM') is a breakthrough Observatory space mission, with a detector composed by a Silicon tracker, a calorimeter, and an anticoincidence system, dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV - the lower energy limit can be pushed to energies as low as 150 keV for the tracker, and to 30 keV for calorimetric detection. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and LISA.
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| 8. |
- Smartt, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7678, s. 75-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gravitational waves were discovered with the detection of binary black-hole mergers(1) and they should also be detectable from lower-mass neutron-star mergers. These are predicted to eject material rich in heavy radioactive isotopes that can power an electromagnetic signal. This signal is luminous at optical and infrared wavelengths and is called a kilonova(2-5). The gravitational-wave source GW170817 arose from a binary neutron-star merger in the nearby Universe with a relatively well confined sky position and distance estimate(6). Here we report observations and physical modelling of a rapidly fading electromagnetic transient in the galaxy NGC 4993, which is spatially coincident with GW170817 and with a weak, short.-ray burst(7,8). The transient has physical parameters that broadly match the theoretical predictions of blue kilonovae from neutron-star mergers. The emitted electromagnetic radiation can be explained with an ejected mass of 0.04 +/- 0.01 solar masses, with an opacity of less than 0.5 square centimetres per gram, at a velocity of 0.2 +/- 0.1 times light speed. The power source is constrained to have a power-law slope of -1.2 +/- 0.3, consistent with radioactive powering from r-process nuclides. (The r-process is a series of neutron capture reactions that synthesise many of the elements heavier than iron.) We identify line features in the spectra that are consistent with light r-process elements (atomic masses of 90-140). As it fades, the transient rapidly becomes red, and a higher-opacity, lanthanide-rich ejecta component may contribute to the emission. This indicates that neutron-star mergers produce gravitational waves and radioactively powered kilonovae, and are a nucleosynthetic source of the r-process elements.
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| 9. |
- Brennan, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu(Gaia16cfr)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 513:4, s. 5642-5665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results from a high-cadence, multiwavelength observation campaign of AT 2016jbu (aka Gaia16cfr), an interacting transient. This data set complements the current literature by adding higher cadence as well as extended coverage of the light-curve evolution and late-time spectroscopic evolution. Photometric coverage reveals that AT 2016jbu underwent significant photometric variability followed by two luminous events, the latter of which reached an absolute magnitude of MV ∼ −18.5 mag. This is similar to the transient SN 2009ip whose nature is still debated. Spectra are dominated by narrow emission lines and show a blue continuum during the peak of the second event. AT 2016jbu shows signatures of a complex, non-homogeneous circumstellar material (CSM). We see slowly evolving asymmetric hydrogen line profiles, with velocities of 500 km s−1 seen in narrow emission features from a slow-moving CSM, and up to 10 000 km s−1 seen in broad absorption from some high-velocity material. Late-time spectra (∼+1 yr) show a lack of forbidden emission lines expected from a core-collapse supernova and are dominated by strong emission from H, He I, and Ca II. Strong asymmetric emission features, a bumpy light curve, and continually evolving spectra suggest an inhibit nebular phase. We compare the evolution of H α among SN 2009ip-like transients and find possible evidence for orientation angle effects. The light-curve evolution of AT 2016jbu suggests similar, but not identical, circumstellar environments to other SN 2009ip-like transients.
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| 10. |
- Brennan, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Progenitor, environment, and modelling of the interacting transient AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 513:4, s. 5666-5685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the bolometric light curve, identification and analysis of the progenitor candidate, and preliminary modelling of AT 2016jbu (Gaia16cfr). We find a progenitor consistent with a ∼ 22–25 M⊙ yellow hypergiant surrounded by a dusty circumstellar shell, in agreement with what has been previously reported. We see evidence for significant photometric variability in the progenitor, as well as strong Hα emission consistent with pre-existing circumstellar material. The age of the environment, as well as the resolved stellar population surrounding AT 2016jbu, supports a progenitor age of >10 Myr, consistent with a progenitor mass of ∼22 M⊙. A joint analysis of the velocity evolution of AT 2016jbu and the photospheric radius inferred from the bolometric light curve shows the transient is consistent with two successive outbursts/explosions. The first outburst ejected material with velocity ∼650 km s−1, while the second, more energetic event ejected material at ∼4500 km s−1. Whether the latter is the core collapse of the progenitor remains uncertain. We place a limit on the ejected 56Ni mass of <0.016 M⊙. Using the Binary Population And Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) code, we explore a wide range of possible progenitor systems and find that the majority of these are in binaries, some of which are undergoing mass transfer or common-envelope evolution immediately prior to explosion. Finally, we use the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) to demonstrate that the low-energy explosions within some of these binary systems, together with sufficient circumstellar material, can reproduce the overall morphology of the light curve of AT 2016jbu.
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| 11. |
- Greiner, J., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma-ray burst investigation via polarimetry and spectroscopy (GRIPS)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 23:1, s. 91-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary scientific goal of the GRIPS mission is to revolutionize our understanding of the early universe using gamma-ray bursts. We propose a new generation gamma-ray observatory capable of unprecedented spectroscopy over a wide range of gamma-ray energies (200 keV-50 MeV) and of polarimetry (200-1000 keV). The gamma-ray sensitivity to nuclear absorption features enables the measurement of column densities as high as 10(28)cm (-aEuro parts per thousand 2). Secondary goals achievable by this mission include direct measurements of all types of supernova interiors through gamma-rays from radioactive decays, nuclear astrophysics with massive stars and novae, and studies of particle acceleration near compact stars, interstellar shocks, and clusters of galaxies.
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| 12. |
- Lee, Bruce Y., et al.
(författare)
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Research gaps and opportunities in precision nutrition : an NIH workshop report
- 2022
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 116:6, s. 1877-1900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision nutrition is an emerging concept that aims to develop nutrition recommendations tailored to different people's circumstances and biological characteristics. Responses to dietary change and the resulting health outcomes from consuming different diets may vary significantly between people based on interactions between their genetic backgrounds, physiology, microbiome, underlying health status, behaviors, social influences, and environmental exposures. On 11-12 January 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop entitled "Precision Nutrition: Research Gaps and Opportunities" to bring together experts to discuss the issues involved in better understanding and addressing precision nutrition. The workshop proceeded in 3 parts: part I covered many aspects of genetics and physiology that mediate the links between nutrient intake and health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, and cancer; part II reviewed potential contributors to interindividual variability in dietary exposures and responses such as baseline nutritional status, circadian rhythm/sleep, environmental exposures, sensory properties of food, stress, inflammation, and the social determinants of health; part III presented the need for systems approaches, with new methods and technologies that can facilitate the study and implementation of precision nutrition, and workforce development needed to create a new generation of researchers. The workshop concluded that much research will be needed before more precise nutrition recommendations can be achieved. This includes better understanding and accounting for variables such as age, sex, ethnicity, medical history, genetics, and social and environmental factors. The advent of new methods and technologies and the availability of considerably more data bring tremendous opportunity. However, the field must proceed with appropriate levels of caution and make sure the factors listed above are all considered, and systems approaches and methods are incorporated. It will be important to develop and train an expanded workforce with the goal of reducing health disparities and improving precision nutritional advice for all Americans.
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| 13. |
- Greiner, J., et al.
(författare)
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GRIPS - Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 34:2, s. 551-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to perform a continuously scanning all-sky survey from 200 keV to 80 MeV achieving a sensitivity which is better by a factor of 40 or more compared to the previous missions in this energy range (COMPTEL, INTEGRAL; see Fig. 1). These gamma-ray observations will be complemented by observations in the soft X-ray and (near-)infrared region with the corresponding telescopes placed on a separate satellite. The Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy ("GRIPS") mission with its three instruments Gamma-Ray Monitor (GRM), X-Ray Monitor (XRM) and InfraRed Telescope (IRT) addresses fundamental questions in ESA's Cosmic Vision plan. Among the major themes of the strategic plan, GRIPS has its focus on the evolving, violent Universe, exploring a unique energy window. We propose to investigate γ-ray bursts and blazars, the mechanisms behind supernova explosions, nucleosynthesis and spallation, the enigmatic origin of positrons in our Galaxy, and the nature of radiation processes and particle acceleration in extreme cosmic sources including pulsars and magnetars. The natural energy scale for these non-thermal processes is of the order of MeV. Although they can be partially and indirectly studied using other methods, only the proposed GRIPS measurements will provide direct access to their primary photons. GRIPS will be a driver for the study of transient sources in the era of neutrino and gravitational wave observatories such as IceCUBE and LISA, establishing a new type of diagnostics in relativistic and nuclear astrophysics. This will support extrapolations to investigate star formation, galaxy evolution, and black hole formation at high redshifts.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- de Angelis, A., et al.
(författare)
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All-sky-astrogam : A MeV companion for multimessenger astrophysics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the era of multi-messenger astronomy it is of paramount importance to have in space a gamma-ray monitor capable of detecting energetic transients in the energy range from 0.1 MeV to a few hundred MeV, with good imaging capabilities. The All-Sky-ASTROGAM mission proposal aims to place into an L2 orbit a gamma-ray instrument (~ 100 kg) dedicated to fast detection, localization, and gamma-ray spectroscopy of flaring and merging activity of compact objects in the Universe, with unprecedented sensitivity and polarimetric capability in the MeV range. The instrument is based on the ASTROGAM concept, which combines three detection systems of space-proven technology: a silicon tracker in which the cosmic gamma rays undergo Compton scattering or a pair conversion, a scintillation calorimeter to absorb and measure the energy of the secondary particles, and an anticoincidence system to veto the prompt reaction background induced by charged particles. The gamma-ray imager and the platform will be connected through a boom and will have almost no occultation, making possible a continuous monitoring of every single gamma-ray source in the sky during the entire mission lifetime.
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| 18. |
- De Angelis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma-ray astrophysics in the MeV range : The ASTROGAM concept and beyond
- 2021
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Nature. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 51:3, s. 1225-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy range between about 100 keV and 1 GeV is of interest for a vast class of astrophysical topics. In particular, (1) it is the missing ingredient for understanding extreme processes in the multi-messenger era; (2) it allows localizing cosmic-ray interactions with background material and radiation in the Universe, and spotting the reprocessing of these particles; (3) last but not least, gamma-ray emission lines trace the formation of elements in the Galaxy and beyond. In addition, studying the still largely unexplored MeV domain of astronomy would provide for a rich observatory science, including the study of compact objects, solar- and Earth-science, as well as fundamental physics. The technological development of silicon microstrip detectors makes it possible now to detect MeV photons in space with high efficiency and low background. During the last decade, a concept of detector (“ASTROGAM”) has been proposed to fulfil these goals, based on a silicon hodoscope, a 3D position-sensitive calorimeter, and an anticoincidence detector. In this paper we stress the importance of a medium size (M-class) space mission, dubbed “ASTROMEV”, to fulfil these objectives.
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| 19. |
- Dent, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in frailty identification, management, risk factors and prevention : A narrative review of leading journals in geriatrics and gerontology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 91
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frailty is an age-related clinical condition characterised by an increased susceptibility to stressors and an elevated risk of adverse outcomes such as mortality. In the light of global population ageing, the prevalence of frailty is expected to soar in coming decades. This narrative review provides critical insights into recent developments and emerging practices in frailty research regarding identification, management, risk factors, and prevention. We searched journals in the top two quartiles of geriatrics and gerontology (from Clarivate Journal Citation Reports) for articles published between 01 January 2018 and 20 December 2022. Several recent developments were identified, including new biomarkers and biomarker panels for frailty screening and diagnosis, using artificial intelligence to identify frailty, and investigating the altered response to medications by older adults with frailty. Other areas with novel developments included exercise (including technology-based exercise), multidimensional interventions, person-centred and integrated care, assistive technologies, analysis of frailty transitions, risk-factors, clinical guidelines, COVID-19, and potential future treatments. This review identified a strong need for the implementation and evaluation of cost-effective, community-based interventions to manage and prevent frailty. Our findings highlight the need to better identify and support older adults with frailty and involve those with frailty in shared decision-making regarding their care.
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| 20. |
- Duggan, P, et al.
(författare)
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Gamma-ray bursts and X-ray melting of material to form chondrules and planets
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 409:2, s. 9-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chondrules are millimeter sized objects of spherical to irregular shape that constitute the major component of chondritic meteorites that originate in the region between Mars and Jupiter and which fall to Earth. They appear to have solidified rapidly from molten or partially molten drops. The heat source that melted the chondrules remains uncertain. The intense radiation from a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is capable of melting material at distances up to 300 light years. These conditions were created in the laboratory for the first time when millimeter sized pellets were placed in a vacuum chamber in the white synchrotron beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The pellets were rapidly heated in the X-ray and gamma-ray furnace to above 1400 degreesC melted and cooled. This process heats from the inside unlike normal furnaces. The melted spherical samples were examined with a range of techniques and found to have microstructural properties similar to the chondrules that come from meteorites. This experiment demonstrates that GRBs can melt precursor material to form chondrules that may subsequently influence the formation of planets. This work extends the field of laboratory astrophysics to include high power synchrotron sources.
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| 21. |
- Foley, S., et al.
(författare)
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Global Characteristics Of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed With Integral
- 2009
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Ingår i: Baltic Astronomy. - 1392-0049. ; 18:3-4, s. 279-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gamma-ray instruments on board INTEGRAL have detected and localized 62 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to date. The peak flux distribution of these bursts shows that INTEGRAL detects proportionally more weak GRBs than Swift because of its higher sensitivity in a smaller field of view. Spectral lags, i.e., the time delay in the arrival of low-energy gamma rays with respect to high-energy gamma rays, are measured for 31 of the GRBs. Two groups are identified in the spectral lag distribution of INTEGRAL GRBs, one with short lags < 0.75 s (between 25-50 keV and 50-300 keV) and one with long lags > 0.75 s. Most of the long-lag GRBs are inferred to have low redshifts because of their long spectral lags. They are mainly observed in the direction of the supergalactic plane and hence reflect the local large-scale structure of the Universe. This low-luminosity population appears to be distinct from typical cosmological GRBs.
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| 22. |
- Foley, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spectral lags of GRBs observed with INTEGRAL and the inferred large population of low-luminosity GRBs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Gamma-ray bursts. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735406704 ; , s. 362-367
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The γ-ray instruments on board INTEGRAL detected and localised 47 GRBs from its launch in October 2002 up to July 2007. The peak flux distribution shows that INTEGRAL detects proportionally more weak GRBs than Swift because of its higher sensitivity in a smaller field of view. The all-sky rate of GRBs above ∼0.15ph cm 2 s- 1 is ∼1400yr -1 in the fully coded field of view of IBIS. Spectral lags i.e. the time delay in the arrival of low-energy γ-rays with respect to high-energy γ-rays, are measured for 31 of the GRBs. Two groups are identified in the spectral lag distribution of INTEGRAL GRBs, one with short lags<0.75 s (between 25-50 keV and 50-300 keV) and one with long lags > 0.75 s. Most of the long-lag GRBs are inferred to have low redshifts because of their long spectral lags, their tendency to have low peak energies, and their faint optical and X-ray afterglows. They are mainly observed in the direction of the supergalactic plane with a quadrupole moment of Q = -0.225 ±0.090 and hence reflect the local large-scale structure of the Universe. The rate of long-lag GRBs with inferred low luminosity is ∼25% of Type Ib/c SNe. Some of these bursts could be produced by the collapse of a massive star without a SN. Alternatively, they could result from a different progenitor, such as the merger of two white dwarfs or a white dwarf with a neutron star or black hole, possibly in the cluster environment without a host galaxy.
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| 23. |
- Foley, S., et al.
(författare)
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The spectral lag distribution of swift gamma-ray bursts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Gamma-Ray Busts. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735406704 ; , s. 403-405
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swift has detected 350 GRBs from its launch in November 2004 up to August 2008. Approximately one third of these bursts have a measured redshift. We present the spectral lag distributions of long and short-duration Swift GRBs. The spectral lags are determined using a cross-correlation analysis between lightcurves in the 15-25 and 50-100 keV BAT energy channels. The proposed relationship between spectral lag and isotropic peak luminosity is investigated for the GRBs with known redshift. The sensitivity of BAT does not allow the lags of very faint bursts to be measured and so a correlation between faint, long-lag Swift GRBs and the supergalactic plane cannot be confirmed using this sample.
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| 24. |
- Hanlon, L., et al.
(författare)
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Global characteristics of GRBs observed with INTEGRAL and the inferred large population of low-luminosity GRBs
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proc. Sci..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The g-ray instruments on board INTEGRAL have detected and localised 55 GRBs from launch in October 2002 up to July 2008, including 53 long-duration GRBs (T90 ≳ 2 s) and 2 short-duration GRBs (T90 ≲ 2 s). The spectra of the majority of INTEGRAL GRBs can be well described by single power-laws. In 11 cases, models with curvature, such as the Band model or the power law plus blackbody model, are required to fit the time-averaged burst spectra. INTEGRAL detects proportionally more weak GRBs than Swift because of its higher sensitivity in a smaller field of view. The all-sky rate of GRBs above ∼0.15phcm∼2 s-1 is ∼1400yr-1 in the fully coded field of view of IBIS. Spectral lags i.e. the time delay in the arrival of low-energy g-rays with respect to high-energy g-rays, can be measured for 31 of the GRBs in the sample. Two groups are identified in the spectral lag distribution of INTEGRAL GRBs, one with short lags <0.75 s (between 25-50 keV and 50-300 keV) and one with long lags > 0.75 s. Most of the long-lag GRBs are inferred to have low redshifts because of their tendency to have low peak energies and their faint optical and X-ray afterglows. They are mainly observed in the direction of the supergalactic plane with a quadrupole moment of Q = -0.225 ± 0.090 and hence reflect the local large-scale structure of the Universe. The rate of long-lag GRBs with inferred low luminosity is ∼25% of Type Ib/c SNe. Some of these bursts could be produced by the collapse of a massive star without a SN. Alternatively, they could result from a different progenitor, such as the merger of two white dwarfs or a white dwarf with a neutron star or black hole, possibly in the cluster environment without a host galaxy.
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| 25. |
- Hellström, Maj-Karin, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Local minocycline as an adjunct to surgical therapy in moderate to severe, chronic periodontitis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - 1600-051X. ; 35:6, s. 525-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of minocycline microspheres on periodontal probing depth reduction when used in combination with surgery in adults with moderate to severe, chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: Sixty patients with a minimum of one non-molar periodontal site >/=6 mm in two oral quadrants received either local minocycline microspheres at baseline, immediately following each of two surgical therapies (Weeks 2 and 3), and at Week 5 or surgery alone. Results: The mean probing depth reduction at Week 25 at sites >/=5 mm at baseline was 2.51 mm in the test group and 2.18 mm in the control group. Smokers in the test group had a significantly greater probing depth reduction (2.30 mm) than smokers in the control group (2.05 mm). The number of sites with probing depth reductions of >/=2 and >/=3 mm were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. Conclusion: Applications of local minocycline as an adjunct to surgery in adults with moderate to severe, chronic periodontitis were associated with statistically significant greater reductions in probing depth than surgery alone.
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| 26. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation of amyloid biomarkers in clinical practice would be accelerated if such biomarkers could be measured in blood. We analyzed plasma levels of A beta 42 and A beta 40 in a cohort of 719 individuals (the Swedish BioFINDER study), including patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and cognitively healthy elderly, using a ultrasensitive immunoassay (Simoa platform). There were weak positive correlations between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels for both A beta 42 and A beta 40, and negative correlations between plasma A beta 42 and neocortical amyloid deposition (measured with PET). Plasma levels of A beta 42 and A beta 40 were reduced in AD dementia compared with all other diagnostic groups. However, during the preclinical or prodromal AD stages (i.e. in amyloid positive controls, SCD and MCI) plasma concentration of A beta 42 was just moderately decreased whereas A beta 40 levels were unchanged. Higher plasma (but not CSF) levels of A beta were associated with white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds, hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. In summary, plasma A beta is overtly decreased during the dementia stage of AD indicating that prominent changes in A beta metabolism occur later in the periphery compared to the brain. Further, increased levels of A beta in plasma are associated with vascular disease.
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| 27. |
- Kurganskiy, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the severity of the grass pollen season and the effect of climate change in Northwest Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation in the nose caused by overreaction of the immune system to allergens in the air. Managing allergic rhinitis symptoms is challenging and requires timely intervention. The following are major questions often posed by those with allergic rhinitis: How should I prepare for the forthcoming season? How will the season's severity develop over the years? No country yet provides clear guidance addressing these questions. We propose two previously unexplored approaches for forecasting the severity of the grass pollen season on the basis of statistical and mechanistic models. The results suggest annual severity is largely governed by preseasonal meteorological conditions. The mechanistic model suggests climate change will increase the season severity by up to 60%, in line with experimental chamber studies. These models can be used as forecasting tools for advising individuals with hay fever and health care professionals how to prepare for the grass pollen season.
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| 28. |
- Martin-Carrillo, A., et al.
(författare)
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INTEGRAL detection and follow-up observations of GRBs 080414 and 080603
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proc. Sci..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTEGRAL detected GRB 080414 during an open time observation of the Galactic disk. The long (duration ∼10 s) GRB occurred at an off-axis angle of 11.5 degrees with a peak 20-200 keV flux of 1 ph cm-2 s -1 as reported by [1]. The Watcher robotic telescope started observations of GRB 080414 33 sec post GCN trigger. Initial analysis of the first images shows no new source down to 14 magnitude [2]. The burst location was coincidentally very close (30 arcminutes) to XTE J1810-189, which was active at the time. A common origin has been ruled out. GRB 080603 was detected by INTEGRAL during the Key Programme Observation of the North Ecliptic Pole. The burst occurred at about 3 degrees off-axis with a peak 20-200 keV flux of 0.5 ph cm-2 s-1 [3] and a fluence over the same energy range of ∼10-6 erg cm-2. The GRB was within the JEM-X field of view and is well detected between 3 and 35 keV, with a lightcurve consisting of 2 main pulses of emission. Detailed spectral and temporal analyses of the γ-ray emission from both bursts, along with the X-ray characteristics of GRB 080603 and the results of the search for an optical afterglow of GRB 080414 in the Watcher data are presented.
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| 29. |
- McGlynn, Sinead, et al.
(författare)
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GRB 070707 : the first short gamma-ray burst observed by INTEGRAL
- 2008
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 486:2, s. 405-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. INTEGRAL has observed 47 long-duration GRBs (T-90 greater than or similar to 2 s) and 1 short-duration GRB (T-90 less than or similar to 2 s) in five years of observation since October 2002. Aims. This work presents the properties of the prompt emission of GRB 070707, which is the first short hard GRB observed by INTEGRAL. Methods. The spectral and temporal properties of GRB 070707 were determined using the two sensitive coded-mask gamma-ray instruments on board INTEGRAL, IBIS and SPI. Results. The T-90 duration was 0.8 s, and the spectrum of the prompt emission was obtained by joint deconvolution of IBIS and SPI data to yield a best fit power-law with photon index alpha = -1.19(-0.13)(+0.14) , which is consistent with the characteristics of short-hard gamma-ray bursts. The peak flux over 1 s was 1.79(-0.21)(+0.06) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and the fluence over the same interval was (2.07(-0.32)(+0.06) ) x 10(-7) erg cm(-2) in the energy range 20-200 keV. The spectral lag measured between 25-50 keV and 100-300 keV is 20 +/- 5 ms, consistent with the small or negligible lags measured for short bursts. Conclusions. The spectral and temporal properties of GRB 070707 are comparable to those of the short hard bursts detected by other gamma-ray satellites, including BATSE and Swift. We estimate a lower limit on the Lorentz factor Gamma greater than or similar to 25 for GRB 070707, assuming the typical redshift for short GRBs of z = 0.35. This limit is consistent with previous estimates for short GRBs and is smaller than the lower limits of Gamma greater than or similar to 100 calculated for long GRBs. If GRB 070707 is a member of the recently postulated class of short GRBs at z similar to 1, the lower limit on Gamma increases to Gamma greater than or similar to 35.
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| 30. |
- McGlynn, Sinéad, et al.
(författare)
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High energy emission and polarisation limits for the INTEGRAL burst GRB061122
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 499:2, s. 465-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. GRB061122 is one of the brightest GRBs detected within INTEGRAL's field of view to date, with a peak flux (20-200 keV) of 32 photons cm(-2) s(-1) and fluence of 2 x 10(-5) erg cm(-2). The Spectrometer aboard INTEGRAL, SPI, can measure linear polarisation in bright GRBs through the process of Compton scattering in the Germanium detectors. Polarisation measurements of the prompt emission are relatively rare. The spectral and polarisation results can be combined to provide vital information about the circumburst region. Aims. The two gamma-ray detectors on INTEGRAL were used to investigate the spectral characteristics of GRB061122. A search for linear polarisation in the prompt emission was carried out on GRB061122 using the SPI multiple event data in the energy range 100 keV-1 MeV. The X-ray properties were examined using data from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on Swift. Methods. The gamma-ray spectral and temporal properties of GRB061122 were determined using IBIS and SPI. The afterglow properties were obtained using XRT. The multiple event data of GRB061122 from SPI were analysed and compared with the predicted instrument response obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations using the GEANT 4 INTEGRAL mass model. The chi(2) distributions between the real and simulated data as a function of the percentage polarisation and polarisation angle were calculated and limits on the level and angle of polarisation were obtained from the best-fit value of chi(2). Results. The prompt spectrum was best fit by a combination of a blackbody and a power-law model (the quasithermal model), with evidence for high energy emission continuing above 8 MeV. A pseudo-redshift value of pz = 0.95 +/- 0.18 was determined using the spectral fit parameters. The isotropic energy at this pseudo-redshift is 8.5 x 10(52) erg. The jet opening angle was estimated to be smaller than 2.8 degrees or larger than 11.9 degrees from the X-ray lightcurve. An upper limit of 60% polarisation was determined for the prompt emission of GRB061122, using the multiple event data from the spectrometer on INTEGRAL. Conclusions. The high energy emission observed in the spectrum may be due to the reverse shock interacting with the GRB ejecta when it is decelerated by the circumburst medium. This behaviour has been observed in a small fraction of GRBs to date, but is expected to be more commonly observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The conditions for polarisation are met if the jet opening angle is less than 2.8 degrees, but further constraints on the level of polarisation are not possible.
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| 31. |
- Rowney, Francis M, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental DNA reveals links between abundance and composition of airborne grass pollen and respiratory health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 31:9, s. 4-2003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grass (Poaceae) pollen is the most important outdoor aeroallergen,1 exacerbating a range of respiratory conditions, including allergic asthma and rhinitis ("hay fever").2-5 Understanding the relationships between respiratory diseases and airborne grass pollen with a view to improving forecasting has broad public health and socioeconomic relevance. It is estimated that there are over 400 million people with allergic rhinitis6 and over 300 million with asthma, globally,7 often comorbidly.8 In the UK, allergic asthma has an annual cost of around US$ 2.8 billion (2017).9 The relative contributions of the >11,000 (worldwide) grass species (C. Osborne et al., 2011, Botany Conference, abstract) to respiratory health have been unresolved,10 as grass pollen cannot be readily discriminated using standard microscopy.11 Instead, here we used novel environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling and qPCR12-15 to measure the relative abundances of airborne pollen from common grass species during two grass pollen seasons (2016 and 2017) across the UK. We quantitatively demonstrate discrete spatiotemporal patterns in airborne grass pollen assemblages. Using a series of generalized additive models (GAMs), we explore the relationship between the incidences of airborne pollen and severe asthma exacerbations (sub-weekly) and prescribing rates of drugs for respiratory allergies (monthly). Our results indicate that a subset of grass species may have disproportionate influence on these population-scale respiratory health responses during peak grass pollen concentrations. The work demonstrates the need for sensitive and detailed biomonitoring of harmful aeroallergens in order to investigate and mitigate their impacts on human health.
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| 32. |
- Tatischeff, V., et al.
(författare)
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The e-ASTROGAM gamma-ray space observatory for the multimessenger astronomy of the 2030s
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9781510619517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- e-ASTROGAM is a concept for a breakthrough observatory space mission carrying a γ-ray telescope dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.15 MeV to 3 GeV. The lower energy limit can be pushed down to energies as low as 30 keV for gamma-ray burst detection with the calorimeter. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with remarkable polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous and current generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will be a major player of the multiwavelength, multimessenger time-domain astronomy of the 2030s, and provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LISA, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT, SKA, ALMA, JWST, E-ELT, LSST, Athena, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
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| 33. |
- Tews, Ingo, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5411 .- 0177-7963. ; 63:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute for Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.
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| 34. |
- Ulyanov, A., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a monolithic LaBr3 : Ce crystal coupled to an array of silicon photomultipliers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 810:810, s. 107-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gamma-ray detector composed of a single 28×28×20 mm3 LaBr3:Ce crystal coupled to a custom built 4×4 array of silicon photomultipliers was tested over an energy range of 30 keV to 9.3 MeV. The silicon photomultipliers were initially calibrated using 20 ns light pulses generated by a light emitting diode. The photodetector responses measured as a function of the number of incident photons were found to be non-linear and consistent with model predictions. Using corrections for the non-linearity of the silicon photomultipliers, the detector showed a linear response to gamma-rays with energies from 100 keV to the maximum available energy of 9.3 MeV. The energy resolution was found to be 4% FWHM at 662 keV. Despite the large thickness of the scintillator (20 mm) and a 5 mm thick optical window, the detector was capable of measuring the positions of the gamma-ray interaction points. The position resolution was measured at 356 keV and was found to be 8 mm FWHM in the detector plane and 11 mm FWHM for the depth of interaction. The detector can be used as a building block of a larger calorimeter system that is capable of measuring gamma-ray energies up to tens of MeV.
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