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1.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (author)
  • Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
  • 2013
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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2.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (author)
  • Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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3.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (author)
  • Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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4.
  • Altomonte, Sergio, et al. (author)
  • Evaluating integrated lighting projects - A Procedure to Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Daylight and Electrical Lighting Integrated Projects
  • 2021
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This report presents tools for post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to evaluate indoor lighting of commissioned projects (‘case studies’) under a common framework. In this report, POE includes technical environmental assessment (TEA) and observer-based environmental assessment (OBEA). The framework proposed in this report evaluates four key aspects of the case study:1. Energy use (electrical lighting systems),2. Visual effects (Indoor lighting environment /photometry)3. Non-visual effects (circadian potential), and4. The user (subjective/surveys and observations)The report targets industry professionals, building designers, lighting designers, building managers, researchers and/or owners wishing to evaluate projects where lighting is supplied by a combination of electrical lighting, daylighting systems (e.g., fenestrations) and assisted technologies (e.g., smart sensors). The framework in this report makes available methods and procedures related to the evaluation of integrated lighting performance in residential and non-residential buildings and its impact on users, and it summarises and categorize methods and procedures in an accessible and industry-oriented language.The content of this document is based on methods and procedures used by participating experts in IEA SHC Task 61 for monitoring twenty-five worldwide integrated daylighting and electric lighting case studies. Since integrated lighting projects are different in type and scopes, the methods and procedures included in the framework do not follow a rigid protocol. Practitioners should use the framework to define the scope of POE monitoring in terms of the aims of the project, context, and resources available. The document is thus a toolbox for planning and executing the monitoring of their integrated lighting projects.
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5.
  • Arndt, D. S., et al. (author)
  • STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
  • 2018
  • In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)
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6.
  • Speliotes, Elizabeth K., et al. (author)
  • Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
  • 2010
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 937-948
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ~2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10−8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
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7.
  • Westlund, Malin, et al. (author)
  • Rätt att bo kvar : en handbok i organisering mot hyreshöjningar och gentrifiering
  • 2016
  • Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Det här är en handbok som skrivits för att användas praktiskt i kampen om hyresrättens framtid. Boken har växt fram ur gemensamma erfarenheter av att ta strid mot renoveringar med höga hyreshöjningar som följd. Det har gett oss både kunskaper om lokal organisering och en övertygelse om vikten av att hyresgäster ska ha rätt till att påverka framtiden i de bostadsområden de bor i. De senaste åren har vi kunnat se hur hyreslägenheter renoveras med omfattande hyreshöjningar som följd. Konsekvenserna har blivit att många hyresgäster har tvingats flytta, ibland från bostadsområden de bott i under lång tid, då de inte längre har råd att betala hyran. Om inte hyresgäster går samman och kräver sina rättigheter kommer inget förändras och flera tusentals människor tvingas flytta. Den här handboken ska användas som ett praktiskt verktyg för lokal organisering. Vi som har gjort den här boken är engagerade i olika rörelser, några av oss är också forskare med inriktning mot bostad- spolitik och stadsutveckling. Boken har tillkommit genom en kollektiv process, där många varit inblandade för att bidra med sina erfarenheter och perspektiv. En lista med alla medverkande inklusive de rörelser som står bakom den här boken finns lägst bak.
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8.
  • Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., et al. (author)
  • A novel rare CUBN variant and three additional genes identified in Europeans with and without diabetes : results from an exome-wide association study of albuminuria
  • 2019
  • In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 62:2, s. 292-305
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis: Identifying rare coding variants associated with albuminuria may open new avenues for preventing chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes. Efforts to identify genetic susceptibility variants for albuminuria have so far been limited, with the majority of studies focusing on common variants. Methods: We performed an exome-wide association study to identify coding variants in a two-stage (discovery and replication) approach. Data from 33,985 individuals of European ancestry (15,872 with and 18,113 without diabetes) and 2605 Greenlanders were included. Results: We identified a rare (minor allele frequency [MAF]: 0.8%) missense (A1690V) variant in CUBN (rs141640975, β = 0.27, p = 1.3 × 10−11) associated with albuminuria as a continuous measure in the combined European meta-analysis. The presence of each rare allele of the variant was associated with a 6.4% increase in albuminuria. The rare CUBN variant had an effect that was three times stronger in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with those without (pinteraction = 7.0 × 10−4, β with diabetes = 0.69, β without diabetes = 0.20) in the discovery meta-analysis. Gene-aggregate tests based on rare and common variants identified three additional genes associated with albuminuria (HES1, CDC73 and GRM5) after multiple testing correction (pBonferroni < 2.7 × 10−6). Conclusions/interpretation: The current study identifies a rare coding variant in the CUBN locus and other potential genes associated with albuminuria in individuals with and without diabetes. These genes have been implicated in renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. The findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of albuminuria and highlight target genes and pathways for the prevention of diabetes-related kidney disease.
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9.
  • Anthonsen, Mette, 1972, et al. (author)
  • Social democrats, unions and corporatism: Denmark and Sweden compared
  • 2011
  • In: Party Politics. - 1354-0688. ; 17:1, s. 118-134
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A number of recent studies have documented weakening ties between social democratic parties and trade unions. This article is concerned with the effects of weakening party–union ties on policymaking. In many classic studies of corporatism it has been argued that this mode of policymaking depends on strong ties between social democratic parties and trade unions. In this article, we argue, in contrast, that strong party–union ties are potentially detrimental to corporatism, because in a polarized political environment unions may be tempted to exert political influence via political allies instead of bargaining with their counterparts. In order to evaluate this argument empirically, we present a detailed analysis of two countries with strong corporatist traditions (Denmark and Sweden) from the 1970s to the 1990s.
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10.
  • Anthonsen, Mette, et al. (author)
  • Unions, Social Democrats, and Corporatism. Denmark and Sweden Compared
  • 2011
  • In: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1460-3683 .- 1354-0688. ; 17:1, s. 118-134
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A number of recent studies have documented weakening ties between social democratic parties and trade unions. This article is concerned with the effects of weakening party— union ties on policymaking. In many classic studies of corporatism it has been argued that this mode of policymaking depends on strong ties between social democratic parties and trade unions. In this article, we argue, in contrast, that strong party—union ties are potentially detrimental to corporatism, because in a polarized political environment unions may be tempted to exert political influence via political allies instead of bargaining with their counterparts. In order to evaluate this argument empirically, we present a detailed analysis of two countries with strong corporatist traditions (Denmark and Sweden) from the 1970s to the 1990s.
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11.
  • Bahnan, Wael, et al. (author)
  • Spike-Dependent Opsonization Indicates Both Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Phagocytosis and That Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Can Confer Protection to SARS-CoV-2
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike-bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike-dependent modulation of opsonization correlate with the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
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12.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (author)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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13.
  • Berg Hansen, Kristoffer, et al. (author)
  • Myocardial efficiency in patients with different aetiologies and stages of heart failure
  • 2022
  • In: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 23:3, s. 328-337
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims: Myocardial external efficiency (MEE) is the ratio of cardiac work in relation with energy expenditure. We studied MEE in patients with different aetiologies and stages of heart failure (HF) to discover the role and causes of deranged MEE. In addition, we explored the impact of patient characteristics such as sex, body mass index (BMI), and age on myocardial energetics.Methods and results: Cardiac energetic profiles were assessed with C-11-acetate positron emission tomography (PET) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was acquired with echocardiography. MEE was studied in 121 participants: healthy controls (n = 20); HF patients with reduced (HFrEF; n = 25) and mildly reduced (HFmrEF; n = 23) LVEF; and patients with asymptomatic (AS-asymp; n = 38) and symptomatic (AS-symp; n = 15) aortic stenosis (AS). Reduced MEE coincided with symptoms of HF irrespective of aetiology and declined in tandem with deteriorating LVEF. Patients with AS-symp and HFmrEF had reduced MEE as compared with controls (22.2 +/- 4.9%, P = 0.041 and 20.0 +/- 4.2%, P < 0.001 vs. 26.1 +/- 5.8% in controls) and a further decline was observed in patients with HFrEF (14.7 +/- 6.3%, P < 0.001). Disproportionate left ventricular hypertrophy was a major cause of reduced MEE. Female sex (P < 0.001), a lower BMI (P = 0.001), and advanced age (P = 0.03) were associated with a lower MEE.Conclusion: MEE was reduced in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HF due to pressure overload and MEE may therefore constitute a treatment target in HF. Patients with LVH, advanced age, female sex, and low BMI had more pronounced reduction in MEE and personalized treatment within these patient subgroups could be relevant.
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14.
  • Bergström, Anders, et al. (author)
  • Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs
  • 2022
  • In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
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15.
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16.
  • Brodnicke, Ole Bjørn, et al. (author)
  • Functional impact and trophic morphology of small, sand-sifting fishes on coral reefs
  • 2022
  • In: Functional Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 36:8, s. 1936-1948
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Oligotrophic tropical coral reefs are built on efficient internal energy and nutrient cycling, facilitated by tight trophic interactions. In the competition for available prey, some small fishes have evolved to feed on apparently barren sand patches that connect hard-substratum patches in many reef habitats.One strategy for obtaining prey from a particulate matrix is to sift out small prey items from the sediment (often called ‘winnowing’). Yet, the trophic link between small winnowing consumers and their prey are poorly resolved, let alone the morphological specialisations that enable this foraging behaviour.We used aquarium-based feeding experiments to quantify the impact of winnowing by two sand-dwelling goby species (Valenciennea sexguttata and Valenciennea strigata) on meiobenthos abundance and diversity and examined their actual ingestion of meiobenthos using gut content analysis. To identify potential morphological structures involved in winnowing, we investigated the gobies' feeding apparatus with electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).After 4 days of sifting through the sand matrix, the two species significantly reduced meiobenthic prey abundance by 30.7% ± 9.2 SE (V. sexguttata) and 46.1% ± 5.1 SE (V. strigata), but had little impact on the meiobenthic diversity. The most abundant prey groups (copepods and annelids) experienced the greatest reduction in number, suggesting selection by size, shape and density of prey items. Furthermore, gut content analysis confirmed that winnowing gobies can efficiently separate meiobenthic prey from heavier inorganic particles (sand), likely facilitated by a specialised epibranchial lobe, pharyngeal jaws and highly abundant papillose taste buds in the oropharyngeal cavity.Our results provide important background on the trophic link between the meiobenthos and winnowing gobies on coral reefs. The revealed specialisations of the goby feeding apparatus facilitate sand-sifting foraging behaviour and access to an otherwise inaccessible trophic niche of microscopic prey. By having evolved a specialised strategy to obtain nutritious and highly abundant prey from seemingly barren sand, we suggest that winnowing gobies act as an important conduit for sand-derived energy to higher trophic levels.
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17.
  • de Jong, Roelof S., et al. (author)
  • 4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
  • 2014
  • In: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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18.
  • Donges, Jonathan F., et al. (author)
  • Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies : the copan
  • 2020
  • In: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 11:2, s. 395-413
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires explicitly taking into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in human societies, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growing feedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biological systems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth system models do not represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with the biogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic integrated assessment models typically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes design principles for constructing world-Earth models (WEMs) for Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (world)-ecological (Earth) coevolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE open simulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMs based on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure to flexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g., carbon cycle dynamics), socio-metabolic or economic (e.g., economic growth or energy system changes), and sociocultural processes (e.g., voting on climate policies or changing social norms) and their feedback interactions, and they are based on elementary entity types, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables the epistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories and methodologies used for describing socio-metabolic or economic and sociocultural processes in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. To illustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary and highly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizing sociocultural processes and feedbacks such as voting on climate policies based on socially learned environmental awareness could fundamentally change macroscopic model outcomes.
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19.
  • Dreyer, Elin, et al. (author)
  • Towards a Global Plastics Treaty: Tracing the UN Negotiations
  • 2024
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In 2022, the United Nations Environmental Assembly (UNEA) adopted resolution 5/14, giving mandate to UN Member States to start negotiations toward an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. This report delves into the pre-session submissions by states and coalitions for the second (INC-2) and third (INC-3) rounds of negotiations, held in 2023. Once the contents of the documents had been reviewed, a coding analysis was conducted with the aim of understanding the current policy mix being proposed for the Plastics Treaty. The nine categories to emerge from the coding process cover proposed objectives for the treaty, types and range of measures proposed, and where along the value chain these measures fall. Our results show: (1) that the pre-session submissions give considerable attention to improving waste management and extending recycling infrastructure, while scant attention is given to upstream measures; (2) that relatively few economic measures have been proposed thus far, with pre-session submissions focusing on regulatory and soft measures instead; (3) that this uneven distribution of proposed measure types could weaken the overall effectiveness of the instrument by impeding its ability to address the issue of plastic pollution in all its complexity; (4) that, if current trends continue, we can expect a treaty focused on waste management and recycling, instead of one addressing the full life cycle of plastics; (5) and finally, that the sheer quantity of plastics being produced each year undermines any efforts either to ‘end’ plastic pollution or to reach any net-zero carbon emission targets.
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20.
  • Ebeling Barbier, Charlotte, et al. (author)
  • Clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction detected at MR imaging may not be associated with atherosclerosis
  • 2007
  • In: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 245:1, s. 103-110
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To prospectively investigate whether there is support for the hypothesis that clinically unrecognized myocardial infarctions (UMIs) detected at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have an atherosclerotic pathogenesis similar to that of recognized myocardial infarctions (RMIs). Materials and Methods: After ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained, gadolinium-enhanced whole-body MR angiography and late-enhancement MR imaging were performed in 248 randomly chosen 70-year-old subjects (123 women, 125 men). Imaging included the aorta and the carotid, renal, and lower limb arteries to the ankle, but not the coronary arteries. Subjects with myocardial infarction (MI) scars at late-enhancement MR imaging were classified as having RMI (n = 11) (those with a diagnosis of MI at the hospital) or UMI (n = 49) (those without a diagnosis of MI at the hospital). The presence of 50% or higher luminal narrowing in any vessel at whole-body MR angiography was considered to represent significant atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery was measured with ultrasonography. C-reactive protein level was measured, and coronary heart disease risk was estimated. Observers were blinded to any previous results. The chi(2) test analysis of variance, and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analyses. Results: None of the measured parameters differed significantly between the group without MI scars and the UMI group, but parameters were significantly increased in the RMI group (P < .05) compared with those in the group without MI scars. Forty-two of 49 UMIs and nine of 11 RMIs were located within inferolateral segments of the left ventricle. Conclusion: MR imaging-detected UMIs might have a different pathogenesis from that of RMIs or may have the same pathogenesis but may manifest at an earlier stage.
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21.
  • Engert, Andreas, et al. (author)
  • The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
  • 2016
  • In: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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22.
  • Felix, Janine F, et al. (author)
  • Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new susceptibility loci for childhood body mass index.
  • 2016
  • In: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:2, s. 389-403
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A large number of genetic loci are associated with adult body mass index. However, the genetics of childhood body mass index are largely unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of childhood body mass index, using sex- and age-adjusted standard deviation scores. We included 35 668 children from 20 studies in the discovery phase and 11 873 children from 13 studies in the replication phase. In total, 15 loci reached genome-wide significance (P-value < 5 × 10(-8)) in the joint discovery and replication analysis, of which 12 are previously identified loci in or close to ADCY3, GNPDA2, TMEM18, SEC16B, FAIM2, FTO, TFAP2B, TNNI3K, MC4R, GPR61, LMX1B and OLFM4 associated with adult body mass index or childhood obesity. We identified three novel loci: rs13253111 near ELP3, rs8092503 near RAB27B and rs13387838 near ADAM23. Per additional risk allele, body mass index increased 0.04 Standard Deviation Score (SDS) [Standard Error (SE) 0.007], 0.05 SDS (SE 0.008) and 0.14 SDS (SE 0.025), for rs13253111, rs8092503 and rs13387838, respectively. A genetic risk score combining all 15 SNPs showed that each additional average risk allele was associated with a 0.073 SDS (SE 0.011, P-value = 3.12 × 10(-10)) increase in childhood body mass index in a population of 1955 children. This risk score explained 2% of the variance in childhood body mass index. This study highlights the shared genetic background between childhood and adult body mass index and adds three novel loci. These loci likely represent age-related differences in strength of the associations with body mass index.
  •  
23.
  • Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., et al. (author)
  • Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
  • 2016
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48, s. 624-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (vertical bar(p) over cap vertical bar approximate to 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
  •  
24.
  • Freitag, Daniel F., et al. (author)
  • Cardiometabolic effects of genetic upregulation of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a Mendelian randomisation analysis
  • 2015
  • In: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 3:4, s. 243-253
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background To investigate potential cardiovascular and other effects of long-term pharmacological interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibition, we studied genetic variants that produce inhibition of IL-1, a master regulator of inflammation. Methods We created a genetic score combining the effects of alleles of two common variants (rs6743376 and rs1542176) that are located upstream of IL1RN, the gene encoding the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; an endogenous inhibitor of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta); both alleles increase soluble IL-1Ra protein concentration. We compared effects on inflammation biomarkers of this genetic score with those of anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1Ra, which has previously been studied in randomised trials of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In primary analyses, we investigated the score in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and four cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm; 453 411 total participants). In exploratory analyses, we studied the relation of the score to many disease traits and to 24 other disorders of proposed relevance to IL-1 signalling (746 171 total participants). Findings For each IL1RN minor allele inherited, serum concentrations of IL-1Ra increased by 0.22 SD (95% CI 0.18-0.25; 12.5%; p=9.3 x 10(-33)), concentrations of interleukin 6 decreased by 0.02 SD (-0.04 to -0.01; -1,7%; p=3.5 x 10(-3)), and concentrations of C-reactive protein decreased by 0.03 SD (-0.04 to -0.02; -3.4%; p=7.7 x 10(-14)). We noted the effects of the genetic score on these inflammation biomarkers to be directionally concordant with those of anakinra. The allele count of the genetic score had roughly log-linear, dose-dependent associations with both IL-1Ra concentration and risk of coronary heart disease. For people who carried four IL-1Ra-raising alleles, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.15 (1.08-1.22; p=1.8 x 10(-6)) compared with people who carried no IL-1Ra-raising alleles; the per-allele odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1.03 (1.02-1.04; p=3.9 x 10(-10)). Perallele odds ratios were 0.97 (0.95-0.99; p=9.9 x 10(-4)) for rheumatoid arthritis, 0.99 (0.97-1.01; p=0.47) for type 2 diabetes, 1.00 (0.98-1.02; p=0.92) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.08 (1.04-1.12; p=1.8 x 10(-5)) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. In exploratory analyses, we observed per-allele increases in concentrations of proatherogenic lipids, including LDL-cholesterol, but no clear evidence of association for blood pressure, glycaemic traits, or any of the 24 other disorders studied. Modelling suggested that the observed increase in LDL-cholesterol could account for about a third of the association observed between the genetic score and increased coronary risk. Interpretation Human genetic data suggest that long-term dual IL-1 alpha/beta inhibition could increase cardiovascular risk and, conversely, reduce the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis. The cardiovascular risk might, in part, be mediated through an increase in proatherogenic lipid concentrations. Copyright (C) The Interleukin 1 Genetics Consortium. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY-NC-ND.
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25.
  • Galera-Monge, Teresa, et al. (author)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium dysregulation in leigh syndrome induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons
  • 2020
  • In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Leigh syndrome (LS) is the most frequent infantile mitochondrial disorder (MD) and is characterized by neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in the basal ganglia or the brain stem. At present, there is no cure or treatment for this disease, partly due to scarcity of LS models. Current models generally fail to recapitulate important traits of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new human in vitro models. Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) followed by differentiation into neurons is a powerful tool to obtain an in vitro model for LS. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of iPSCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons harboring the mtDNA mutation m.13513G>A in heteroplasmy. We have performed mitochondrial characterization, analysis of electrophysiological properties and calcium imaging of LS neurons. Here, we show a clearly compromised oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function in LS patient neurons. This is also the first report of electrophysiological studies performed on iPSC-derived neurons harboring an mtDNA mutation, which revealed that, in spite of having identical electrical properties, diseased neurons manifested mitochondrial dysfunction together with a diminished calcium buffering capacity. This could lead to an overload of cytoplasmic calcium concentration and the consequent cell death observed in patients. Importantly, our results highlight the importance of calcium homeostasis in LS pathology.
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26.
  • Griep, Yannick, et al. (author)
  • Perceived identity threat and organizational cynicism in the recursive relationship between psychological contract breach and counterproductive work behavior
  • 2023
  • In: Economic and Industrial Democracy. - : Sage Publications. - 0143-831X .- 1461-7099. ; 44:2, s. 351-384
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Counterproductive work behavior toward the organization (CWB-O) or supervisor (CWB-S) is commonly treated as a consequence of psychological contract breach (PCB). However, drawing from Self-Consistency Theory, the authors in this article argue that the PCB–CWB relationship is recursive through two mediating mechanisms: self-identity threat and organizational cynicism. Furthermore, the authors predict that the relationship between feelings of violation and CWB-O (or CWB-S) would depend on the extent to which the victim attributed blame to the organization (or supervisor). Using weekly and daily survey data, the study found that identity threat was a stronger mediator for recursive CWB–PCB relationships. Moreover, it was found that PCB related positively to violation feelings, which in turn related positively to CWB-O and CWB-S over time. As predicted, the former was moderated by organizational blame attributions, whereas the latter was moderated by supervisor blame attributions. The authors discuss the theoretical implications and propose novel practical implications based on these reciprocal findings.
  •  
27.
  • Guipponi, Michel, et al. (author)
  • Galanin pathogenic mutations in temporal lobe epilepsy
  • 2015
  • In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:11, s. 3082-3091
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common epilepsy syndrome with a complex etiology. Despite evidence for the participation of genetic factors, the genetic basis of TLE remains largely unknown. A role for the galanin neuropeptide in the regulation of epileptic seizures has been established in animal models more than two decades ago. However, until now there was no report of pathogenic mutations in GAL, the galanin-encoding gene, and therefore its role in human epilepsy was not established. Here, we studied a family with a pair of monozygotic twins affected by TLE and two unaffected siblings born to healthy parents. Exome sequencing revealed that both twins carried a novel de novo mutation (p.A39E) in the GAL gene. Functional analysis revealed that the p.A39E mutant showed antagonistic activity against galanin receptor 1 (GalR1)-mediated response, and decreased binding affinity and reduced agonist properties for GalR2. These findings suggest that the p.A39E mutant could impair galanin signaling in the hippocampus, leading to increased glutamatergic excitation and ultimately to TLE. In a cohort of 582 cases, we did not observe any pathogenic mutations indicating that mutations in GAL are a rare cause of TLE. The identification of a novel de novo mutation in a biologically-relevant candidate gene, coupled with functional evidence that the mutant protein disrupts galanin signaling, strongly supports GAL as the causal gene for the TLE in this family. Given the availability of galanin agonists which inhibit seizures, our findings could potentially have direct implications for the development of anti-epileptic treatment.
  •  
28.
  • Haase, Dagmar, et al. (author)
  • A Quantitative Review of Urban Ecosystem Service Assessments : Concepts, Models, and Implementation
  • 2014
  • In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 43:4, s. 413-433
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world's population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.
  •  
29.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (author)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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30.
  •  
31.
  • Hansen, I., et al. (author)
  • Can a new electronic warning system prevent collisions between vehicles and semi-domestic reindeer?
  • 2019
  • In: Precision Livestock Farming '19. - : Organising Committee of the 9th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming (ECPLF), Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre. - 9781841706542 ; , s. 268-271
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Collisions between vehicles and animals have increased in Norway and Europe over the last 40 years, causing economical losses as well as poor welfare for animals and people. In Norway 2 m high deer fences have been put up to prevent killings of semi-domestic reindeer at some limited road- and railway distances. However, these are very expensive and animal passages are needed. As a supplementary measure, an electronic system, aimed at warning the driver if reindeer are close to the road, was tested along the E6 main road at Saltfjellet, Norway, during March - April 2018. 235 female reindeer were equipped with radio transmitter collars (805.15.4 866 MHz). The animals were grazing in a collision exposed area at Saltfjellet. A total of 41 receivers were mounted on road sticks alongside the 4.5 km test distance. When a reindeer with transmitter was within 50 - 100 m proximity to a road stick, the receiver started blinking red. Saltfjellet reindeer herding district lost 15 reindeer in the test area from December 2017 until test start in February 2018. No reindeer were hit by cars during the test period. Nevertheless, 25% of the receivers became defective after a while, most possibly due to battery shortage. A new generation of transmitters and receivers was tested at Saltfjellet during December 2018 - April 2019. Preliminary results from this extended test are presented. We evaluate the electronic warning system as promising. However, improvements are needed in order to achieve optimal receiver and transmitter reliability in function.
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32.
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33.
  • Hansson, Nils Henrik, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of ECG-gated [(11)C]acetate PET for measuring left ventricular volumes, mass, and myocardial external efficiency
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1071-3581 .- 1532-6551. ; 23:4, s. 670-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Noninvasive estimation of myocardial external efficiency (MEE) requires measurements of left ventricular (LV) oxygen consumption with [(11)C]acetate PET in addition to LV stroke volume and mass with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Measuring LV geometry directly from ECG-gated [(11)C]acetate PET might enable MEE evaluation from a single PET scan. Therefore, we sought to establish the accuracy of measuring LV volumes, mass, and MEE directly from ECG-gated [(11)C]acetate PET.METHODS: Thirty-five subjects with aortic valve stenosis underwent ECG-gated [(11)C]acetate PET and CMR. List mode PET data were rebinned into 16-bin ECG-gated uptake images before measuring LV volumes and mass using commercial software and compared to CMR. Dynamic datasets were used for calculation of mean LV oxygen consumption and MEE.RESULTS: LV mass, volumes, and ejection fraction measured by CMR and PET correlated strongly (r = 0.86-0.92, P < .001 for all), but were underestimated by PET (P < .001 for all except ESV P = .79). PET-based MEE, corrected for bias, correlated fairly with PET/CMR-based MEE (r = 0.60, P < .001, bias -3 ± 21%, P = .56). PET-based MEE bias was strongly associated with LV wall thickness.CONCLUSIONS: Although analysis-related improvements in accuracy are recommended, LV geometry estimated from ECG-gated [(11)C]acetate PET correlate excellently with CMR and can indeed be used to evaluate MEE.
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34.
  • Heid, Iris M, et al. (author)
  • Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
  • 2010
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
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35.
  • Jiao, Hong, et al. (author)
  • Genome wide association study identifies KCNMA1 contributing to human obesity
  • 2011
  • In: BMC Medical Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-8794. ; 4, s. 51-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Recent genome-wide association (GWA) analyses have identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with obesity. However, the reported genetic variation in obesity explains only a minor fraction of the total genetic variation expected to be present in the population. Thus many genetic variants controlling obesity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to use GWA followed by multiple stepwise validations to identify additional genes associated with obesity. Methods: We performed a GWA analysis in 164 morbidly obese subjects (BMI: body mass index > 40 kg/m(2)) and 163 Swedish subjects (> 45 years) who had always been lean. The 700 SNPs displaying the strongest association with obesity in the GWA were analyzed in a second cohort comprising 460 morbidly obese subjects and 247 consistently lean Swedish adults. 23 SNPs remained significantly associated with obesity (nominal P< 0.05) and were in a step-wise manner followed up in five additional cohorts from Sweden, France, and Germany together comprising 4214 obese and 5417 lean or population-based control individuals. Three samples, n = 4133, were used to investigate the population-based associations with BMI. Gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in relation to obesity was investigated for 14 adults. Results: Potassium channel, calcium activated, large conductance, subfamily M, alpha member (KCNMA1) rs2116830*G and BDNF rs988712*G were associated with obesity in five of six investigated case-control cohorts. In meta-analysis of 4838 obese and 5827 control subjects we obtained genome-wide significant allelic association with obesity for KCNMA1 rs2116830*G with P = 2.82 x 10(-10) and an odds ratio (OR) based on cases vs controls of 1.26 [95% C. I. 1.12-1.41] and for BDNF rs988712*G with P = 5.2 x 10(-17) and an OR of 1.36 [95% C. I. 1.20-1.55]. KCNMA1 rs2116830*G was not associated with BMI in the population-based samples. Adipose tissue (P = 0.0001) and fat cell (P = 0.04) expression of KCNMA1 was increased in obesity. Conclusions: We have identified KCNMA1 as a new susceptibility locus for obesity, and confirmed the association of the BDNF locus at the genome-wide significant level.
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36.
  • Keogan, Katharine, et al. (author)
  • Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds
  • 2018
  • In: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 8:4, s. 313-318
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity(1), and is often sensitive to climatic conditions(2). Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey(3). This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers(4). However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction(5). Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (-0.020 days yr(-1)) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (-0.272 days degrees C-1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources(2).
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37.
  • Kisser, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • A review of nature-based solutions for resource recovery in cities
  • 2020
  • In: BLUE-GREEN SYSTEMS. - : IWA Publishing. - 2617-4782. ; 2:1, s. 138-172
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Our modern cities are resource sinks designed on the current linear economic model which recovers very little of the original input. As the current model is not sustainable, a viable solution is to recover and reuse parts of the input. In this context, resource recovery using nature-based solutions (NBS) is gaining popularity worldwide. In this specific review, we focus on NBS as technologies that bring nature into cities and those that are derived from nature, using (micro)organisms as principal agents, provided they enable resource recovery. The findings presented in this work are based on an extensive literature review, as well as on original results of recent innovation projects across Europe. The case studies were collected by participants of the COST Action Circular City, which includes a portfolio of more than 92 projects. The present review article focuses on urban wastewater, industrial wastewater, municipal solid waste and gaseous effluents, the recoverable products (e.g., nutrients, nanoparticles, energy), as well as the implications of source-separation and circularity by design. The analysis also includes assessment of the maturity of different technologies (technology readiness level) and the barriers that need to be overcome to accelerate the transition to resilient, self-sustainable cities of the future.
  •  
38.
  • Kremer, Peleg, et al. (author)
  • Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research
  • 2016
  • In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:No.2, s. 29-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Understanding the dynamics of urban ecosystem services is a necessary requirement for adequate planning, management, and governance of urban green infrastructure. Through the three-year Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) research project, we conducted case study and comparative research on urban biodiversity and ecosystem services across seven cities in Europe and the United States. Reviewing > 50 peer-reviewed publications from the project, we present and discuss seven key insights that reflect cumulative findings from the project as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge in urban ecosystem services research. The insights from our review indicate that cross-sectoral, multiscale, interdisciplinary research is beginning to provide a solid scientific foundation for applying the ecosystem services framework in urban areas and land management. Our review offers a foundation for seeking novel, nature-based solutions to emerging urban challenges such as wicked environmental change issues.
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39.
  • Lahrouchi, Najim, et al. (author)
  • Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome
  • 2020
  • In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 142:4, s. 324-338
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic disorder and a major preventable cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. A causal rare genetic variant with large effect size is identified in up to 80% of probands (genotype positive) and cascade family screening shows incomplete penetrance of genetic variants. Furthermore, a proportion of cases meeting diagnostic criteria for LQTS remain genetically elusive despite genetic testing of established genes (genotype negative). These observations raise the possibility that common genetic variants with small effect size contribute to the clinical picture of LQTS. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the contribution of common genetic variation to LQTS disease susceptibility. Methods: We conducted genome-wide association studies followed by transethnic meta-analysis in 1656 unrelated patients with LQTS of European or Japanese ancestry and 9890 controls to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms. We estimated the common variant heritability of LQTS and tested the genetic correlation between LQTS susceptibility and other cardiac traits. Furthermore, we tested the aggregate effect of the 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population using a polygenic risk score. Results: Genome-wide association analysis identified 3 loci associated with LQTS at genome-wide statistical significance (P<5x10(-8)) nearNOS1AP,KCNQ1, andKLF12, and 1 missense variant inKCNE1(p.Asp85Asn) at the suggestive threshold (P<10(-6)). Heritability analyses showed that approximate to 15% of variance in overall LQTS susceptibility was attributable to common genetic variation (h2SNP0.148; standard error 0.019). LQTS susceptibility showed a strong genome-wide genetic correlation with the QT-interval in the general population (r(g)=0.40;P=3.2x10(-3)). The polygenic risk score comprising common variants previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population was greater in LQTS cases compared with controls (P<10-13), and it is notable that, among patients with LQTS, this polygenic risk score was greater in patients who were genotype negative compared with those who were genotype positive (P<0.005). Conclusions: This work establishes an important role for common genetic variation in susceptibility to LQTS. We demonstrate overlap between genetic control of the QT-interval in the general population and genetic factors contributing to LQTS susceptibility. Using polygenic risk score analyses aggregating common genetic variants that modulate the QT-interval in the general population, we provide evidence for a polygenic architecture in genotype negative LQTS.
  •  
40.
  • Levitz, D, et al. (author)
  • Determination of optical scattering properties of highly-scattering media in optical coherence tomography images
  • 2004
  • In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 12:2, s. 249-259
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We developed a new algorithm that fits optical coherence tomography (OCT) signals as a function of depth to a general theoretical OCT model which takes into account multiple scattering effects. With use of this algorithm, it was possible to extract both the scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor from a particular region of interest in an OCT image. The extraction algorithm was evaluated against measurements from an integrating sphere on a set of tissue phantoms and yielded valid results. Finally, a preliminary ex vivo OCT investigation on human aortic specimen indicated that the algorithm may contribute importantly to differentiation between normal and atherosclerotic arteries. We conclude that this algorithm may facilitate tissue characterization by OCT. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America.
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41.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Flicker : a technological overview
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flicker can be annoying, but above all it can have a negative effect on human health; causing irritation, headaches, eye strain and migraines. With the introduction of LED lamps, flicker has once again become a problem. In addition to the unnecessary suffering caused to individuals, the negative consequences create an obstacle to the wide and rapid adoption of new LED technology and thus also an obstacle to potential energy savings.The EU’s new eco-design regulations entered into force in September 2021. These include, for the first time (in Europe) regulatory limits for flicker, creating an urgent need to disseminate knowledge about flicker and how to measure it.
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42.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Flicker Explained : guide to IEC for the lighting industry
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flicker, or more precisely temporal light modulation (TLM), has re-emerged as a problem with the introduction of LED-based lighting technology. TLM, meaning variations in light intensity over time, may have negative effects on human health, causing annoyance, headaches, eyestrain and migraine. In addition to the unnecessary suffering TLM causes in individuals, the negative consequences of TLM create an obstacle to broad and rapid adaptation of the new LED-technology and consequently also an obstacle to potential energy savings.This guide gives an introduction to TLM, what it is and how it is measured. The effect of TLM on health is concluded, and also the state of knowledge in its research area. An extended part of this guide discusses the flicker measure short-term flicker indicator, Pst, and the technical report describing it, TR IEC 61547-1:2020 (henceforth referred to as IEC 61547, unless otherwise stated). This report describes the equipment, method and measures required to assess flicker. It is, however, technically complicated and could be very hard to interpret by non-technical readers. For a more detailed investigation and recommended amendments of the IEC 61547, see “Flicker explained – Interpretation of the Technical Report IEC 61547“ which is another product of the project Flicker Explained. For a general guide on TLM measurements, please consult the technical note published by International Commission on Illumination, CIE TN 012:2012.
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43.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Flicker explained : interpretation of the Technical Report IEC 61547
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flicker, or more precisely temporal light modulation (TLM), has re-emerged as a problem with the introduction of LED-based lighting technology. TLM, meaning variations in light intensity over time, may have negative effect on human health, causing annoyance, headaches, eyestrain and migraine. the negative consequences of TLM create an obstacle to broad and rapid adaptation of the new LED-technology and consequently also an obstacle to potential energy savings.This document gives a thorough introduction to TLM, what it is, and how it is measured. Mainly, it gives an explanation and interpretation of the technical report TR IEC 61547:1-20201 (henceforth referred to as IEC 61547, unless otherwise stated), published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which describes the equipment, method and measures required to assess a specific type of TLM effect – flicker. This document also includes a guide and description on how to build a TLM-setup from scratch based on the standards, and what should be considered when doing so.The purpose of this document is to increase knowledge about flicker in particular and TLM in general, taking the technical report IEC 61547 as a starting point. This work aims to bridge the gap between technical standards and reports on the one hand and the lighting industry on the other. This is with the aim of ensuring that the new EU eco-design regulations are followed which in turn will mitigate health issues caused by TLM and support a sustainable transition to LED technology.
  •  
44.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Flimmer – en teknisk översikt
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flimmer kan vara irriterande, men framför allt kan det ha en negativ effekt på människors hälsa, orsaka irritation, huvudvärk, ögonansträngning och migrän. I och med införandet av LED-lampor har flimmer åter blivit ett problem. Förutom det onödiga lidande flimmer orsakar hos individer, skapar de negativa konsekvenserna ett hinder för bred och snabb anpassning av den nya LED-tekniken och därmed också ett hinder för potentiella energibesparingar.EU:s nya ekodesignförordningar trädde i kraft i september 2021. Dessa inkluderar för första gången gränsvärden för flimmer, vilket skapar ett akut behov av att sprida kunskap om flimmer och hur man mäter det.
  •  
45.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Flimmer : et teknisk overblik
  • 2023
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flimmer kan være irriterende, men frem for alt kan det have en negativ effekt på menneskers sundhed, og forårsage irritation, hovedpine, overanstrengelse af øjne og migræne. Med introduktionen af LED baserede lyskilder og lamper er flimmer igen blevet et problem. Udover denne unødvendige lidelse, som flimmer kan bevirke hos enkeltpersoner, skaber de negative konsekvenser en hindring for bred og hurtig indføring af den nye LED-teknologi og dermed også en hindring for potentielle energibesparelser.EU’s nye ecodesign forordning for lyskilder og styreanordninger trådte i kraft i september 2021. Denne inkluderer for første gang grænseværdier for flimmer, hvilket skaber et akut behov for at udbrede viden om flimmer, og hvordan det skal måles.
  •  
46.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Forstå flimmer : en guide til IEC 61547 for belysningsbranchen
  • 2023
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flimmer, eller nærmere bestemt tidslig lys modulation (TLM), er igen blevet et problem i forbindelse med indførelse af LED-basret belysningsteknologi. TLM, dvs. variationer i lysintensiteten over tid, kan have negativ effekt på menneskers sundhed, og forårsage irritation, hovedpine, overanstrengelse af øjne og migræne. Udover denne unødvendige lidelse, som flimmer kan bevirke hos enkeltpersoner, skaber de negative konsekvenser en hindring for bred og hurtig indføring af den nye LED-teknologi og dermed også en hindring for potentielle energibesparelser.EU’s nye ecodesign forordning for lyskilder og styreanordninger trådte i kraft i september 2021. Denne inkluderer for første gang (i Europa) lovbestemte grænseværdier for TLM parametre for lyskilder og henviser til nye standarder for måling af disse. Dette skaber et akut behov for at udbrede viden om TLM, og information om hvordan man hurtigt, enkelt og korrekt måler dem. De standarder der beskriver målingerne er dog teknisk komplicerede og retter sig ikke mod branchefolk.Denne vejledning giver en introduktion til TLM, hvad det er, og hvordan det måles. Effekterne af TLM på sundhed sammenfattes, og der gøres rede for vidensniveauet inden for dette forskningsområde. En større del af denne vejledning er afsat til flimmer måleparameteren short-term flicker indicator, Pst, og den tekniske rapport som beskriver den, TR IEC 61547-1:20201 (herefter kaldet IEC 61547, hvis intet andet angives). Denne rapport beskriver det udstyr, metode og de foranstaltninger, der er nødvendige for at vurdere flimmer. Det er dog teknisk kompliceret og kan være meget vanskeligt at fortolke for ikke-teknisk kyndige læsere. For en mere detaljeret undersøgelse og anbefalede ændringer til IEC 61547, se “Flicker explained – Interpretation of the Technical Report IEC 61547“ som sammen med denne vejledning er resultatet af projektet Flicker Explained. For en generel vejledning om TLM-målinger, se publikationen CIE TN 012:20122 udgivet af den Internationale Belysningskommission, CIE.Formålet med denne guide er at øge kendskabet til flimmer i særdeleshed og TLM generelt med udgangspunkt i den tekniske rapport IEC 61547. Dette arbejde har til formål at bygge bro mellem tekniske standarder og rapporter på den ene side og belysningsindustrien på den anden side. Målet er at sikre overholdelse af EU’s nye ecodesign forordning, som igen vil reducere sundhedsproblemer forårsaget af TLM og støtte en bæredygtig overgang til LED-teknologi.Publiceringen af guiden er støttet af Energimyndigheten og er et samarbejde imellem Lunds Universitet og DTU (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet).
  •  
47.
  • Lindén, Johannes, et al. (author)
  • Förstå Flimmer : en guide till IEC 61547 för belysningsbranschen
  • 2023
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Flimmer, eller närmare bestämt temporal ljusmodulering (TLM), har återigen blivit ett problem i samband med införandet av LED-baserad belysningsteknik. TLM, dvs. variationer i ljusintensiteten över tiden, kan ha en negativ inverkan på människors hälsa och orsaka irritation, huvudvärk, ögonbesvär och migrän. Förutom det onödiga lidande som TLM orsakar för enskilda personer utgör de negativa konsekvenserna av TLM ett hinder för en bred och snabb anpassning av den nya LED-tekniken och följaktligen också ett hinder för potentiella energibesparingar.EU:s nya ekodesign-direktiv trädde i kraft i september 2021. Dessa innehåller för första gången (i Europa) lagstadgade gränsvärden för TLM-parametrar för ljuskällor och hänvisar till nya standarder för att mäta dem. Detta skapar ett akut behov av att sprida medvetenhet om TLM och information om hur man snabbt, enkelt och korrekt mäter detta. De standarder som beskriver mätningarna är dock tekniskt komplicerade och riktar sig inte till branschfolk.Den här guiden ger en introduktion till TLM, vad det är och hur det mäts. Effekter av TLM på hälsan sammanfattas och kunskapsläget inom detta forskningsområde redogörs. En större del av den här guiden ägnas åt flimmermåttet short-term flicker indicator, Pst, och den tekniska rapport som beskriver det, TR IEC 61547-1:20201 (hädanefter kallad IEC 61547, om inget annat anges). Denna rapport beskriver den utrustning, metod och de åtgärder som krävs för att bedöma flimmer. Den är dock tekniskt komplicerad och kan vara mycket svår att tolka för icke-tekniska läsare. För en mer detaljerad undersökning och rekommenderade ändringar av IEC 61547, se “Flicker explained – Interpretation of the Technical Report IEC 61547“ som tillsammans med denna vägledning är resultatet av projektet Flicker Explained. För en allmän vägledning om TLM-mätningar, se publikationen CIE TN 012:20122 utgiven av Internationella belysningskommissionen, CIE.Syftet med den här guiden är att öka kunskapen om flimmer i synnerhet och TLM i allmänhet, med den tekniska rapporten IEC 61547 som utgångspunkt. Detta arbete syftar till att överbrygga klyftan mellan tekniska standarder och rapporter å ena sidan och belysningsindustrin å andra sidan. Syftet är att se till att EU:s nya ekodesigndirektiv följs, vilket i sin tur kommer att minska hälsoproblem orsakade av TLM och stödja en hållbar övergång till LED-teknologi.Publiceringen av guiden stöds av Energimyndigheten och är ett samarbete mellan Lunds universitet och DTU (Danmarks Tekniska Universitet).
  •  
48.
  • Loyen, Anne, et al. (author)
  • Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Surveillance Through Accelerometer Pooling in Four European Countries
  • 2017
  • In: Sports Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 47:7, s. 1421-1435
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The objective of this study was to pool, harmonise and re-analyse national accelerometer data from adults in four European countries in order to describe population levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity. Methods: Five cross-sectional studies were included from England, Portugal, Norway and Sweden. ActiGraph accelerometer count data were centrally processed using the same algorithms. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the associations of sedentary time and physical inactivity with sex, age, weight status and educational level, in both the pooled sample and the separate study samples. Results: Data from 9509 participants were used. On average, participants were sedentary for 530 min/day, and accumulated 36 min/day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Twenty-three percent accumulated more than 10 h of sedentary time/day, and 72% did not meet the physical activity recommendations. Nine percent of all participants were classified as high sedentary and low active. Participants from Norway showed the highest levels of sedentary time, while participants from England were the least physically active. Age and weight status were positively associated with sedentary time and not meeting the physical activity recommendations. Men and higher-educated people were more likely to be highly sedentary, while women and lower-educated people were more likely to be inactive. Conclusions: We found high levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity in four European countries. Older people and obese people were most likely to display these behaviours and thus deserve special attention in interventions and policy planning. In order to monitor these behaviours, accelerometer-based cross-European surveillance is recommended.
  •  
49.
  •  
50.
  • Melin, Beatrice S., et al. (author)
  • Genome-wide association study of glioma subtypes identifies specific differences in genetic susceptibility to glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma tumors
  • 2017
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:5, s. 789-794
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 x 10(-9), odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 x 10(-10), OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 x 10-8, OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 x 10(-11), OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 x 10(-10), OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 x 10(-9), OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 x 10(-10), OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 x 10(-10), OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 x 10(-9), OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 x 10-8, OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 x 10(-10), OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 x 10(-11), OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 x 10(-9), OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.
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