| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Ekanem, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of pulsed field ablation in more than 17,000 patients with atrial fibrillation in the MANIFEST-17K study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an emerging technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), for which pre-clinical and early-stage clinical data are suggestive of some degree of preferentiality to myocardial tissue ablation without damage to adjacent structures. Here in the MANIFEST-17K study we assessed the safety of PFA by studying the post-approval use of this treatment modality. Of the 116 centers performing post-approval PFA with a pentaspline catheter, data were received from 106 centers (91.4% participation) regarding 17,642 patients undergoing PFA (mean age 64, 34.7% female, 57.8% paroxysmal AF and 35.2% persistent AF). No esophageal complications, pulmonary vein stenosis or persistent phrenic palsy was reported (transient palsy was reported in 0.06% of patients; 11 of 17,642). Major complications, reported for similar to 1% of patients (173 of 17,642), were pericardial tamponade (0.36%; 63 of 17,642) and vascular events (0.30%; 53 of 17,642). Stroke was rare (0.12%; 22 of 17,642) and death was even rarer (0.03%; 5 of 17,642). Unexpected complications of PFA were coronary arterial spasm in 0.14% of patients (25 of 17,642) and hemolysis-related acute renal failure necessitating hemodialysis in 0.03% of patients (5 of 17,642). Taken together, these data indicate that PFA demonstrates a favorable safety profile by avoiding much of the collateral damage seen with conventional thermal ablation. PFA has the potential to be transformative for the management of patients with AF.
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| 5. |
- Garde, E., et al.
(författare)
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Life history parameters of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from Greenland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Mammalogy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-2372 .- 1545-1542. ; 96:4, s. 866-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life history parameters for narwhals (Monodon monoceros) were estimated based on age estimates from aspartic acid racemization of eye lens nuclei. Eyes, reproductive organs, and measures of body lengths were collected from 282 narwhals in East and West Greenland in the years 1993, 2004, and 2007-2010. Age estimates were based on the racemization of L-aspartic acid to D-aspartic acid in the nucleus of the eye lens. The ratio of D- and L-enantiomers was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The age equation used, 420.32X - 24.02 center dot year where X is the D/L ratio, was determined from data from Garde et al. (2012). Asymptotic body length was estimated to be 405 +/- 5.8cm for females and 462 +/- 16.2cm for males from East Greenland, and 399 +/- 5.9cm for females and 456 +/- 6.9cm for males from West Greenland. Due to several indeterminant age class estimates, age at sexual maturity was subjectively assessed based on data from reproductive organs and was estimated to be 8-9 years for females and 12-20 years for males. Pregnancy rates for East and West Greenland were estimated to be 0.38-0.42 and 0.38, respectively. Maximum life span expectancy was found to be approximately 100 years. A population projection matrix was parameterized with the data on age structure and fertility rates. The annual rate of increase of narwhals in East Greenland was estimated to be 3.8% while narwhals in West Greenland had a rate of increase at 2.6%.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Rate of increase and current abundance of humpback whales in West Greenland.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. - 1561-0713. ; 12, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerial line transect surveys of the density of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) conducted off West Greenland eight times between 1984 and 2007 were used to estimate the rate of increase on the summer feeding ground. Only surveys in 1993, 2005 and 2007 had enough sightings to construct independent density estimates, whereas the surveys in 1984–85 and 1987–89 had to be merged and treated as two surveys. The annual rate of increase was 9.4% yr–1 (SE = 0.01) between 1984 and 2007. This rate of increase is higher than the increase estimated at the breeding grounds in the West Indies, but is of the same magnitude as the observed rate of increase at other feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. A matrix model based on observed life history parameters revealed that the theoretical growth rate of a humpback whale population ranged between 1 and 11%. This confirms that the observed growth in West Greenland is within the plausible values. The survey in 2007 was used to make a fully corrected abundance estimate including corrections for whales that were submerged during the passage of the survey plane. The line transect estimate for 2007 was 1,020 (CV = 0.35). When the estimate was corrected for perception bias with mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods, the abundance increased to 1,505 (0.49). A correction for availability bias was developed based on time-depth-recorder information on the time spent at the surface (0–4m). However, used directly this correction leads to a positively-biased abundance estimate and instead a correction was developed for the non-instantaneous visual sighting process in an aircraft. The resulting estimate for 2007 was 3,272 (CV = 0.50) for the MRDS analysis. An alternative strip census estimate deploying a strip width of 300m resulted in 995 (0.33) whales. Correction for perception bias resulted in 991 (0.35) whales and corrected for the same availability bias as for the MRDS method resulted in a fully corrected estimate of 2,154 (0.36) humpback whales in West Greenland in 2007.
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| 9. |
- Hoeft, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms in fatty acid metabolism-related genes are associated with colorectal cancer risk
- 2010
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 31:3, s. 466-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The crucial role of fatty acids for a number of important biological processes suggests a more in-depth analysis of inter-individual differences in fatty acid metabolizing genes as contributing factor to colon carcinogenesis. We examined the association between genetic variability in 43 fatty acid metabolism-related genes and colorectal risk in 1225 CRC cases and 2032 controls participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Three hundred and ninety two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected using pairwise tagging with an r(2) cutoff of 0.8 and a minor allele frequency of > 5%. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Haplotype analysis was performed using a generalized linear model framework. On the genotype level, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (HPGD), phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 were associated with higher risk for CRC, whereas prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) was associated with lower CRC risk. A significant inverse association (P < 0.006) was found for PTGER2 GGG haplotype, whereas HPGD AGGAG and PLA2G3 CT haplotypes were significantly (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) associated with higher risk of CRC. Based on these data, we present for the first time the association of HPGD variants with CRC risk. Our results support the key role of prostanoid signaling in colon carcinogenesis and suggest a relevance of genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism-related genes and CRC risk.
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| 10. |
- Munthe, John, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatförändringen och miljömål
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningsprogrammet CLEO, Climate change and Environmental Objectives, startades 2010 efter en utlysning från Naturvårdsverket där man efterfrågade forskning med en övergripande målsättning att få: * En analys och kvantifiering av hur förändringar i klimatet, såsom temperatur, nederbörd och avrinning, påverkar förutsättningarna att nå de miljömål som påverkas av långväga transporterade luftföroreningar * En beskrivning och analys av synergier och målkonflikter av åtgärder, både nationellt och internationellt, för att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser och andra luftföroreningar för att nå uppsatta miljömål. * Förbättrad kunskap om grundläggande processer för att ta fram tillförlitliga prognoser och scenarier för utvecklingen mot miljömålen, förbättrade indata till existerande modeller samt bättre sammanlänkning av modeller för klimat, luft och ekosystem. Programmet har fokuserat på miljömålen Frisk luft, Bara Naturlig Försurning, Ingen övergödning och i viss mån Giftfri miljö. Då målsättningen var att ta fram resultat som är relevanta för pågående arbete med miljömålen och för långsiktiga överväganden så har CLEO arbetat med framtidsscenarier som både fokuserat på en relativt nära framtid (2030), och i vissa avseenden ett längre tidsperspektiv (2100). This report is only available in Swedish. English summary is available in the report.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Palmgren, Madelene, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the Intracellular Life Time of Water Molecules to Measure Transport Rates of Human Aquaglyceroporins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Membrane Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2631 .- 1432-1424. ; 250:6, s. 629-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthodox aquaporins are transmembrane channel proteins that facilitate rapid diffusion of water, while aquaglyceroporins facilitate the diffusion of small uncharged molecules such as glycerol and arsenic trioxide. Aquaglyceroporins play important roles in human physiology, in particular for glycerol metabolism and arsenic detoxification. We have developed a unique system applying the strain of the yeast Pichia pastoris, where the endogenous aquaporins/aquaglyceroporins have been removed and human aquaglyceroporins AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 are recombinantly expressed enabling comparative permeability measurements between the expressed proteins. Using a newly established Nuclear Magnetic Resonance approach based on measurement of the intracellular life time of water, we propose that human aquaglyceroporins are poor facilitators of water and that the water transport efficiency is similar to that of passive diffusion across native cell membranes. This is distinctly different from glycerol and arsenic trioxide, where high glycerol transport efficiency was recorded.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Söndergaard Hansen, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose transport machinery reconstituted in cell models.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-548X .- 1359-7345. ; 51:12, s. 2316-2319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we demonstrate the production of a functioning cell model by formation of giant vesicles reconstituted with the GLUT1 glucose transporter and a glucose oxidase and hydrogen peroxidase linked fluorescent reporter internally. Hence, a simplified artificial cell is formed that is able to take up glucose and process it.
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| 16. |
- Söndergaard Hansen, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495. ; 65:12, s. 1731-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated glycerol metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. Together, these findings are indicative of how glycerol release is controlled in adipocytes, and may pave the way for the future design of drugs against human metabolic pathologies.
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| 17. |
- Westerberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based Process Challenge of an Industrial Ion-Exchange Chromatography Step
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering & Technology. - : Wiley. - 1521-4125 .- 0930-7516. ; 35:1, s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The separation of one weakly and one strongly binding impurity from a therapeutic protein by ion-exchange chromatography was studied with a mechanistic model. The effect of disturbances in eight potentially critical process parameters on two critical quality attributes was evaluated. It was found that the outgoing concentration of the weakly binding impurity was only affected by the ingoing concentration of this impurity, while the target product purity was affected by the amounts of buffer and acid used to prepare the elution buffers and the protein concentration and purity of the feed. Full factor analysis of these parameters showed that there were interaction effects between the parameters due to the pH dependence of the chromatographic separation. Sampling-based robustness analysis estimated the probability of batch failure to be above 1?%. The model improved the analysis as it was possible to study the effects of more process parameters and their interactions than would have been possible in an experimental study.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Aguiar, A., et al.
(författare)
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Practices in prescribing protein substitutes for PKU in Europe : No uniformity of approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7192 .- 1096-7206. ; 115:1, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There appears little consensus concerning protein requirements in phenylketonuria (PKU). Methods: A questionnaire completed by 63 European and Turkish IMD centres from 18 countries collected data on prescribed total protein intake (natural/intact protein and phenylalanine-free protein substitute [PS]) by age, administration frequency and method, monitoring, and type of protein substitute. Data were analysed by European region using descriptive statistics. Results: The amount of total protein (from PS and natural/intact protein) varied according to the European region. Higher median amounts of total protein were prescribed in infants and children in Northern Europe (n = 24 centres) (infants <1 year, >2-3 g/kg/day; 1-3 years of age, >2-3 g/kg/day; 4-10 years of age, >1.5-2.5 g/kg/day) and Southern Europe (n = 10 centres) (infants <1 year, 2.5 g/kg/day, 1-3 years of age, 2 g/kg/day; 4-10 years of age, 1.5-2 g/kg/day), than by Eastern Europe (n = 4 centres) (infants <1 year, 2.5 g/kg/day, 1-3 years of age, >2-2.5 g/kg/day; 4-10 years of age, >1.5-2 g/kg/day) and with Western Europe (n = 25 centres) giving the least (infants <1 year, >2-2.5 g/kg/day, 1-3 years of age, 1.5-2 g/kg/day; 4-10 years of age, 1-1.5 g/kg/day). Total protein prescription was similar in patients aged >10 years (1-1.5 g/kg/day) and maternal patients (1-1.5 g/kg/day). Conclusions: The amounts of total protein prescribed varied between European countries and appeared to be influenced by geographical region. In PKU, all gave higher than the recommended 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU safe levels of protein intake for the general population.
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| 20. |
- Almqvist, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD), chaired by External Chair Jean-Jacques Maguire, Canada and ICES Chair Marie Storr-Paulsen, Denmark, and attended by two invited external experts Verena Trenkel, France and Meaghan Bryan, USA met in Rostock, Germany, 2–6 March 2015 with 39 participants and six countries represented. The objective of WKBALTCOD was to evaluate the appropriateness of data and methods to determine stock status and investigate meth-ods appropriate to use in the single-stock assessment for the cod stock in SD 22–24 and cod in SD 25–32 in the Baltic. Participants in the workshop were a large group with diverse backgrounds representing the industry, fisheries, NGOs, managers and scientists.The single-stock analytic assessment of the eastern Baltic stock was not accepted by the assessment working group (WGBFAS) in 2014 due to severe problems with the input data. The advice for the eastern Baltic cod was, therefore, based on the ICES approach for data-limited stocks. As an outcome ICES decided to establish a bench-mark for both cod stocks and to scope an integrated assessment for the Baltic cod stocks. The first meeting (WKSIBCA) was therefore meant to introduce the interces-sional work conducted since the assessment working group in April 2014, and to reach some conclusions on how to proceed both in the short term (Benchmark in March 2015) and longer term (2–3 years) and was seen as a data compilation work-shop, there is produced a separate report from this workshop. The WKBALTCOD was the 2nd meeting in the benchmark process and was intended to come up with a final stock assessment method, stock annex and input data for both stocks. As it was not possible to reach conclusive decision on the final model to be used for the east Baltic cod stock during the benchmark meeting and as more work on the preferable models was needed, it was decided by the ACOM leadership to prolong the bench-mark process until the assessment working group meeting in April 2015. This deci-sion has led to a relatively long process partly mixed with the assessment working group WGBFAS.It became clear during the benchmark process that although large effort has been put into explaining the underlying processes leading to the changes in the Baltic ecosys-tem, there is still some lack of understanding of the present situation in the eastern Baltic cod stock. Therefore, it was not possible to reach firm conclusions on the final model to be used and therefore not possible to set reference points. It was decided to continue to explore the most promising models and to continue to improve the input data until the assessment working group started in April.The main challenges still to be solved for the Eastern Baltic cod stock is the quantifi-cation of increased natural mortality and decrease in growth. Through several presentations during the workshop (both WKSIBCA and WKBALTCOD) it became clear that natural mortality very likely has increased in later years, due to decreased condition and increased parasite infection. A decrease in growth also seems plausible duo to a decrease in condition and/or selectivity-induced mortality of the largest in-dividuals. However, as none of these parameters are easily estimated, especially with the severe ageing problems, different model assumptions made the output very shaky.For the western Baltic cod, stock identification issues were examined in area SD 24, the intermediate area: based on otolith characteristics and genetics. Due to the results showing a large proportion of east cod in this area, it was decided to split the catch2 | ICES WKBALTCOD REPORT 2015and survey from SD 24 into either the western or eastern Baltic cod stock. It was pos-sible to derive proportions of eastern and western cod in SD 24 back to the mid-1990s.For the western Baltic cod stock a modelled survey indices was included in the as-sessment covering the western part of SD 24 and Area 22+23 and based on a smoothed ALK.Both cod stocks have in the past used commercial tuning fleet to have a better cov-ered of older age groups. It was decided to abound this time-series duo quality issues such as a limited coverage and problems with technical creeping.WKBALTCOD was not able to explore and define reference points for the Western Baltic cod stock during the meeting due to time constraints, but these were calculated and decided by correspondence after the meeting. The recent protocols on estimation procedures developed by WKMSYREF3 for stocks with a full analytical assessment and for data-limited stocks served as objective guidelines to obtain reference point estimates.
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| 21. |
- Anker-Hansen, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Informal caregivers and assistive technology in Norwegian nursing homes
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To explore informal caregivers’ experiences and perspectives concerning assistive technology (AT) in two nursing homes, through the conceptual lens of person-centredness. Background The integration and use of AT and a person-centred approach to care are political intentions within healthcare services, both internationally and in Norway. In nursing homes, informal caregivers are often collaborators with the staff, and can be important partners concerning the implementation of AT in a person-centred way. However, there is little knowledge about the informal caregivers’ perspectives on the use of AT in nursing homes, or of whether or how they are included in the integration and use of AT. Methods The study had a qualitative design and comprised eleven informal caregivers of residents in two nursing homes in Norway. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. The data were analysed using content analysis. COREQ reporting guidelines were applied to ensure comprehensive reporting. Results Emerging themes highlighted the slow-going transition from old to new technology, and how the informal caregivers experienced that AT both promoted and degraded the dignity of their family members. Informal caregivers were positive to the use of technology, but have sparse knowledge and information about ATs in the nursing homes. They express a desire for AT to increase activity and safety, which promotes dignity, quality of life, and quality of the care for their family member. The informal caregivers want their family member to be seen, heard, and to get assistance on their own terms, even with regard to technology. Conclusion Before AT can be implemented, informal caregivers need to be informed and listened to and included in the processes. Through their stories, one can form an idea of how important a person-centred approach is to contributing to individually tailored and introduced AT in collaboration with the informal caregivers.
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| 22. |
- Annenkova, Nataliia, et al.
(författare)
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Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Isme Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 9:8, s. 1821-1834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes of rapid radiation among unicellular eukaryotes are much less studied than among multicellular organisms. We have investigated a lineage of cold-water microeukaryotes (protists) that appear to have diverged recently. This lineage stands in stark contrast to known examples of phylogenetically closely related protists, in which genetic difference is typically larger than morphological differences. We found that the group not only consists of the marine-brackish dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella hangoei and the freshwater species Peridinium aciculiferum as discovered previously but also of a whole species flock. The additional species include Peridinium euryceps and Peridinium baicalense, which are restricted to a few lakes, in particular to the ancient Lake Baikal, Russia, and freshwater S. hangoei from Lake Baikal. These species are characterized by relatively large conspicuous morphological differences, which have given rise to the different species descriptions. However, our scanning electron microscopic studies indicate that they belong to a single genus according to traditional morphological characterization of dinoflagellates (thecal plate patterns). Moreover, we found that they have identical SSU (small subunit) rDNA fragments and distinct but very small differences in the DNA markers LSU (large subunit) rDNA, ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) and COB (cytochrome b) gene, which are used to delineate dinoflagellates species. As some of the species co-occur, and all four have small but species-specific sequence differences, we suggest that these taxa are not a case of phenotypic plasticity but originated via recent adaptive radiation. We propose that this is the first clear example among free-living microeukaryotes of recent rapid diversification into several species followed by dispersion to environments with different ecological conditions.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 20 January 2015; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.267.
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| 23. |
- Annenkova, Nataliia V., et al.
(författare)
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Closely related dinoflagellate species in vastly different habitats–an example of a marine–freshwater transition
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Phycology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0967-0262 .- 1469-4433. ; 55:4, s. 478-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton are present in a large variety of aquatic environments, ranging from small freshwater ponds to the oceans. Typically, freshwater and marine species are not closely related, indicating an ancient divergence and that salinity poses a strong dispersal barrier. Here we reveal a common recent origin of two dinoflagellates that are well adapted to different habitats. Gymnodinium baicalense inhabits the geologically old freshwater Lake Baikal, which is located in the middle of the Eurasian continent. Gymnodinium corollarium, on the other hand, is a brackish water species from the Baltic Sea. Both species form blooms under ice during the spring. We generated 10 DNA sequences from these species. The partial 28S rRNA gene from G. baicalense and the partial 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) from G. corollarium were sequenced for the first time. A more detailed description of G. baicalense, which was previously known only from light microscopy observations, is also provided. In the laboratory we demonstrated that G. baicalense is strictly adapted to fresh water, while G. corollarium had a wide salinity tolerance. However, the two species have almost identical morphology, identical SSU rRNA gene sequences, and only small differences in the LSU rRNA gene and ITS2. We infer a common ancestor, which was a species from the Arctic region with a tolerance to a range of salinities. Our data support the scenario that the under-ice phytoplankton community in Lake Baikal has been formed recently, even though the lake is the oldest in the world.
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| 24. |
- Antoniou, Antonis C., et al.
(författare)
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Common alleles at 6q25.1 and 1p11.2 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 20:16, s. 3304-3321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r(2) = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [ hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.23, P-trend = 4.5 x 10(-9) for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.40, P-trend = 1.3 x 10(-8) for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.
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| 25. |
- Aspnes, Espen H., et al.
(författare)
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Velferdsteknologi i boliger : Muligheter og utfordringer
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsettingen med denne rapporten er å belyse og diskutere muligheter og utfordringer med implementering av velferdsteknologi knyttet til boligløsninger og det å klare seg godt i egen bolig. Utvikling og implementering av velferdsteknologi forventes å være et viktig grep for å møte de kommende samfunnsutfordringene med en aldrende befolkning, endret sykdomsbilde og knapphet på helse- og omsorgspersonell.Etter å ha presentert nåværende og fremtidige teknologiske muligheter og utfordringer og drøftet disse i forhold til konkrete delmål med implementering av velferdsteknologi i boliger, avsluttes rapporten med å gi noen anbefalinger knyttet til Husbankens ulike roller som pådriver, kompetanseutvikler og kvalitetssikrer.
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| 26. |
- Benatar, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ORARIALS-01) : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 23:7, s. 687-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Arimoclomol, a heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) co-inducer, is neuroprotective in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with multiple mechanisms of action, including clearance of protein aggregates, a pathological hallmark of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Methods: ORARIALS-01 was a multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial done at 29 centres in 12 countries in Europe and North America. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older and met El Escorial criteria for clinically possible, probable, probable laboratory-supported, definite, or familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; had an ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score of 35 or more; and had slow vital capacity at 70% or more of the value predicted on the basis of the participant's age, height, and sex. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in blocks of 6, stratified by use of a stable dose of riluzole or no riluzole use, to receive oral arimoclomol citrate 1200 mg/day (400 mg three times per day) or placebo. The Randomisation sequence was computer generated centrally. Investigators, study personnel, and study participants were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) rank score over 76 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome and safety were analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03491462, and is completed.Findings: Between July 31, 2018, and July 17, 2019, 287 patients were screened, 245 of whom were enrolled in the trial and randomly assigned. The modified intention-to-treat population comprised 239 patients (160 in the arimoclomol group and 79 in the placebo group): 151 (63%) were male and 88 (37%) were female; mean age was 57·6 years (SD 10·9). CAFS score over 76 weeks did not differ between groups (mean 0·51 [SD 0·29] in the arimoclomol group vs 0·49 [0·28] in the placebo group; p=0·62). Cliff's delta comparing the two groups was 0·039 (95% CI –0·116 to 0·194). Proportions of participants who died were similar between the treatment groups: 29 (18%) of 160 patients in the arimoclomol group and 18 (23%) of 79 patients in the placebo group. Most deaths were due to disease progression. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal. Adverse events were more often deemed treatment-related in the arimoclomol group (104 [65%]) than in the placebo group (41 [52%]) and more often led to treatment discontinuation in the arimoclomol group (26 [16%]) than in the placebo group (four [5%]).Interpretation: Arimoclomol did not improve efficacy outcomes compared with placebo. Although available biomarker data are insufficient to preclude future strategies that target the HSP response, safety data suggest that a higher dose of arimoclomol would not have been tolerated.Funding: Orphazyme.
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| 27. |
- Benson, Thea Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary bisphenol a, f and s levels and semen quality in young adult danish men
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and has been associated with deleterious effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) are struc-turally similar to BPA, but knowledge of their effects on male fertility remains limited. In this cross– sectional study, we investigated the associations between exposure to BPA, BPF, and BPS and semen quality in 556 men 18–20 years of age from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. A urine sample was collected from each participant for determination of BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations while a semen sample was collected to determine ejaculate volume, sperm concen-tration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. Associations between urinary bisphenol levels (continuous and quartile–divided) and semen characteristics were estimated using a negative binomial regression model adjusting for urine creatinine concentration, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), fever, sexual abstinence time, maternal pre–pregnancy BMI, and first trimester smoking, and highest parental education during first trimester. We found no associations between urinary bisphenol of semen quality in a sample of young men from the general Danish population.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium in decomposing foliar litter – A synthesis for boreal and temperate coniferous forests
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 403, s. 137-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have synthesized available data for calcium (Ca) dynamics in decomposing foliar litter of mainly pine (Pinus), spruce (Picea), and birch (Betula) species to determine patterns of Ca concentration with climate in newly shed litter and its dynamics in decomposing litter as well as a possible role for Ca as regards limit values. Initial Ca concentration was negatively related to mean annual precipitation (MAP) with different relationships among genera. A limited data set showed a positive relationship across species (p < 0.05) to extractable Ca in soil. In paired stands, litter of both Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) had higher Ca concentrations than Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), Norway spruce litter even twice as high. Relationships between initial concentrations of Ca and those of other nutrients appeared to be dominated by the positive ones to potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) and specifically for deciduous litter there was a negative relationship to nitrogen (N). In decomposing litter, Ca concentration followed a negative quadratic (Ca = a + t − t2) function and had a maximum, which was variable. The Ca maximum concentration during decomposition was positively related to initial Ca concentration both within and among species. Separate linear relationships based on species were combined into one, in common for all investigated species and genera (R2 = 0.914, n = 63, p < 0.001). Limit values for decomposition were positively related to maximum Ca concentration at p < 0.05 with separate functions for pine and spruce litter. Calcium net release started directly after the incubation and was linear to accumulated mass loss of litter, giving a slope coefficient for each study. The net release rates were linear to initial Ca concentration both within and across species/genera. All studies combined gave a negative linear relationship (R2 = 0.894, n = 67, p < 0.001).
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| 30. |
- Bergman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of VINNOVA Programmes on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises - the cases of Forska&Väx and VINN NU
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the first impact analysis that exclusively deals with R&D funding taking place after the foundation of VINNOVA. Since the long-term effects of R&D projects are visible only years after the ending of the projects the analysis deals with impacts expected to be found in a shorter time span. The focus of the present impact analysis is to identify and analyze the presence and strength of behavioural additionality at small and medium-sized companies that received support from the VINNOVA programmes Forska&Väx (2006 – 2008) and VINN NU (2002 – 2008). Behavioural additionality is defined as changes in enterprise behaviour related to government R&D funding.
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| 31. |
- Bonde, Jens Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction Update. - 1355-4786. ; 23:1, s. 104-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: More than 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure to prenatal and early postnatal environmental xenobiotics with the potential to disrupt endogenous hormone signaling might be on the causal path to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm count and testicular cancer. Several consensus statements and narrative reviews in recent years have divided the scientific community and have elicited a call for systematic transparent reviews. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge in the field of male reproductive disorders. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize published data on the risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm counts and testicular cancer following in utero or infant exposure to chemicals that have been included on the European Commission's list of Category 1 endocrine disrupting chemicals defined as having documented adverse effects due to endocrine disruption in at least one intact organism. SEARCH METHODS: A systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in the databases PubMed and Embase to identify epidemiological studies reporting associations between the outcomes of interest and exposures documented by biochemical analyses of biospecimens including maternal blood or urine, placenta or fat tissue as well as amnion fluid, cord blood or breast milk; this was followed by meta-analysis of quantitative data. OUTCOMES: The literature search resulted in 1314 references among which we identified 33 papers(28 study populations) fulfilling the eligibility criteria. These provided 85 risk estimates of links between persistent organic pollutants and rapidly metabolized compounds (phthalates and Bisphenol A) and male reproductive disorders. The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and outcomes was 1.11 (95% CI 0.91-1.35). When assessing four specific chemical subgroups with sufficient data for meta-analysis for all outcomes, we found that exposure to one of the four compounds, p,p'-DDE, was related to an elevated risk: OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.74). The data did not indicate that this increased risk was driven by any specific disorder. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: The current epidemiological evidence is compatible with a small increased risk of male reproductive disorders following prenatal and postnatal exposure to some persistent environmental chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors but the evidence is limited. Future epidemiological studies may change the weight of the evidence in either direction. No evidence of distortion due to publication bias was found, but exposure-response relationships are not evident. There are insufficient data on rapidly metabolized endocrine disruptors and on specific exposure-outcome relations. A particular data gap is evident with respect to delayed effects on semen quality and testicular cancer. Although high quality epidemiological studies are still sparse, future systematic and transparent reviews may provide pieces of evidence contributing to the narrative and weight of the evidence assessments in the field.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Braem, Marieke G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer : a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 95:5, s. 1172-1181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Objective: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC. Design: All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% Cl: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis. Conclusion: Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1172-81.
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| 34. |
- Braem, Marieke G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Miscarriages Are Associated with the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the risk of ovarian cancer clearly reduces with each full-term pregnancy, the effect of incomplete pregnancies is unclear. We investigated whether incomplete pregnancies (miscarriages and induced abortions) are associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. This observational study was carried out in female participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). A total of 274,442 women were followed from 1992 until 2010. The baseline questionnaire elicited information on miscarriages and induced abortions, reproductive history, and lifestyle-related factors. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 1,035 women were diagnosed with incident epithelial ovarian cancer. Despite the lack of an overall association (ever vs. never), risk of ovarian cancer was higher among women with multiple incomplete pregnancies (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.70; number of cases in this category: n = 23). This association was particularly evident for multiple miscarriages (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.06-3.73; number of cases in this category: n = 10), with no significant association for multiple induced abortions (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.68-3.14; number of cases in this category: n = 7). Our findings suggest that multiple miscarriages are associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, possibly through a shared cluster of etiological factors or a common underlying pathology. These findings should be interpreted with caution as this is the first study to show this association and given the small number of cases in the highest exposure categories.
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| 35. |
- Brænne, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic risk factors influencing Type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, features other than genetic variants that initiate and/or accelerate islet autoimmunity that lead to the development of clinical T1D remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors can both contribute to T1D through dynamic alterations of molecular interactions in physiologic networks. To test this hypothesis, we utilized longitudinal blood transcriptomic profiles in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study to generate gene co-expression networks. In network modules that contain immune response genes associated with T1D, we observed highly dynamic differences in module connectivity in the 600 days (~ 2 years) preceding clinical diagnosis of T1D. Our results suggest that gene co-expression is highly plastic and that connectivity differences in T1D-associated immune system genes influence the timing and development of clinical disease.
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| 36. |
- Brem, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Imitation of β-lactam binding enables broad-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 14:1, s. 15-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbapenems are vital antibiotics, but their efficacy is increasingly compromised by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Here we report the discovery and optimization of potent broad-spectrum MBL inhibitors. A high-throughput screen for NDM-1 inhibitors identified indole-2-carboxylates (InCs) as potential β-lactamase stable β-lactam mimics. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies revealed InCs as a new class of potent MBL inhibitor, active against all MBL classes of major clinical relevance. Crystallographic studies revealed a binding mode of the InCs to MBLs that, in some regards, mimics that predicted for intact carbapenems, including with respect to maintenance of the Zn(II)-bound hydroxyl, and in other regards mimics binding observed in MBL-carbapenem product complexes. InCs restore carbapenem activity against multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and have a low frequency of resistance. InCs also have a good in vivo safety profile, and when combined with meropenem show a strong in vivo efficacy in peritonitis and thigh mouse infection models.
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| 37. |
- Brommage, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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NOTUM inhibition increases endocortical bone formation and bone strength
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bone Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-4700 .- 2095-6231. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The disability, mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are enormous. Existing osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral fractures. Cortical bone is a major determinant of non-vertebral bone strength. To identify novel osteoporosis drug targets, we phenotyped cortical bone of 3 366 viable mouse strains with global knockouts of druggable genes. Cortical bone thickness was substantially elevated in Notum(-/-) mice. NOTUM is a secreted WNT lipase and we observed high NOTUM expression in cortical bone and osteoblasts but not osteoclasts. Three orally active small molecules and a neutralizing antibody inhibiting NOTUM lipase activity were developed. They increased cortical bone thickness and strength at multiple skeletal sites in both gonadal intact and ovariectomized rodents by stimulating endocortical bone formation. Thus, inhibition of NOTUM activity is a potential novel anabolic therapy for strengthening cortical bone and preventing non-vertebral fractures.
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| 38. |
- Brunet, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Små lövskogars betydelse i jordbrukslandskapet
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I svenska jordbrukslandskap finns en varierande mängd restbiotoper medmer eller mindre naturlig vegetation, som små våtmarker, gräsmarker ellerlövskogar.För att kunna utveckla fungerande ekologiska nätverk, grön infrastruktur,i våra jordbrukslandskap behöver vi förstå funktionen av och samspeletmellan småbiotoper bättre. Vi behöver veta om olika arter kan användaisolerade restbiotoper som spridningsöar (stepping stones) eller om vi behöverskapa sammanhängande nätverk av livsmiljöer. Inom detta projekt har vistuderat kärlväxtfloran, med fokus på fältskiktet, och flera grupper av denmarklevande faunan i små lövskogar i fyra svenska jordbrukslandskap medvarierande naturförhållanden, Skabersjö och Västerstad i Skåne, samt Selaönoch Tobo i Sörmland. Vi har särskilt fokuserat på hur markanvändningshistoriaoch fragmenteringen av livsmiljöer har påverkat mångfalden avkärlväxteroch jordlöpare.Kärlväxter bygger upp skogsmiljöers vegetation och skapar därmed flertaletlivsmiljöer för andra organismgrupper. Bland jordlöparna finns både växtätareoch rovdjur och gruppen spelar en viktig roll i skogens näringskedja.Båda grupperna innehåller även arter med varierande spridningsförmågaochär därför lämpliga för undersökningar av effekter av livsmiljöers fragmentering.Få studier har jämfört dynamiken av dessa två artrika och funktionellt viktigagrupper i samma undersökningsområden. Sådana jämförande studier avväxter och djur är emellertid viktiga om man ska kunna bedöma effekternaav bevarande- och restaureringsåtgärder i fragmenterade landskap.Våra resultat visar följande:• Småskogars markhistorik och markförhållanden varierar mellan olikajordbrukslandskap i södra Sverige. I områden med sedimentberggrund,till exempel i Skåne, är jordarna ofta djupa, fuktigare och därmed merproduktiva. Skogarna här blir snabbt täta och förutsättningar för typiskaskogsarter är goda. I områden på urberg, till exempel i Sörmland, liggersmåskogarna ofta på åkerholmar och nära hällmarker. Jordarna är oftagrunda, torra och mindre bördiga. Här kan hävd- och ljusberoende arterleva kvar länge även utan tamdjursbete och skogarna förblir halvöppna.• Markens bördighet i lövskogarna är högst i Skabersjö, följt av Västerstad,Selaön och Tobo. Längs denna gradient minskar markens kol/kvävekvotoch mängden växttillgänglig fosfor, vilket resulterar i en mer näringsgynnadvegetation i Skåne. Skillnader i markens bördighet påverkaräven den förnalevande lägre markfaunan. Våra resultat visar till exempelatt både mängden förnaätande (detritivora) djur (gråsuggor, tusenfotingar,vissa jordlöpare) och rovdjur (vissa jordlöpare, spindlar, lockespindlar)ökar med markens bördighet.• En fungerande grön infrastruktur för växter och djur behöver inte nödvändigtvisbestå av ett nätverk av sammanhängande livsmiljöer utan ettsystem av spridningsöar kan också vara effektivt för att skogslevandearter ska kunna förflytta sig genom landskapet och kolonisera nya livsmiljöer,som till exempel lövskogsplanteringar på tidigare åkermark.• Små (0,5–2 hektar) isolerade skogsområden med skoglig kontinuitet kanhysa en stor mångfald av specialiserade skogsarter även lång tid efter attområdena har blivit isolerade. De är ofta de enda återstående öarna mednaturlig vegetation i ett intensivt brukat landskap, och det är av stor viktatt deras naturvärden bevaras.• Nyetablerad isolerad lövskog som är helt omgiven av öppen mark koloniserasav typiska skogsarter av både kärlväxter och jordlöpare. Dennaprocess går dock betydligt snabbare för kärlväxter om den nya skogenplanteras direkt intill äldre skogsmark, medan närheten till äldre skoginte är lika viktig för jordlöparna. Våra resultat tyder på att många arterav skogslevande jordlöpare, inklusive sådana som saknar flygförmåga,har en oväntat bra förmåga att förflytta sig relativt stora sträckor genomöppna marker för att nå isolerade skogsområden.• Nyetablerad lövskog på åkermark är värdefull för kalkgynnade skogsartersom historiskt sett har förlorat en stor del av sin ursprungliga livsmiljötill jordbruket. I denna grupp ingår rödlistade arter såsom desmeknopp,skogsveronika och strävlosta som alla koloniserar åkermarksplanteringar.• Den tidigare markanvändningen och skogarnas täthet har stor betydelseför vilka arter som idag finns i små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskapet. Meröppna småskogar med ett större ljusinsläpp och tidigare betade småskogarkan hysa en blandning av skogsarter och hävdberoende typiska gräsmarksarter,medan tätare skogar med längre skogskontinuitet kännetecknas avtypiska skogsarter.• Småskogar i jordbrukslandskapet är känsliga för olika typer av störningarsom snabbt kan spoliera deras naturvärden. Exempel från våra landskapär kalavverkning, nedskräpning, granplantering, tamdjursbete i områdensom inte lämpar sig för bete, eller utebliven hävd i områden med en värdefullgräsmarksflora.Vi drar följande slutsatser för hur små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskap kan bidratill en fungerande grön infrastruktur för skogslevande arter:• Små lövskogar med lång kontinuitet och en flora och fauna med typiskaskogsarter bör ges högre prioritet i natur- och landskapsvården. Markägaremed litet skogsinnehav som domineras av små lövskogar bör få regelbundenrådgivning om dessa skogars naturvärden och bevarande. I deflesta fall kan småskogar brukas för virkesproduktion med generell ellerförstärkt naturvårdshänsyn utan att befintliga naturvärden äventyras.I andra fall kan upprättande av naturvårdsavtal eller biotopskydd varaangeläget, särskilt om naturvärden är knutna till gamla ädellövträd.Generellt bör naturvårdande myndigheter rikta mer fokus på lämpligförvaltning av jordbrukslandskapets små lövskogar. Det är viktigt attjordbrukare får upp ögonen för sina småskogars naturvärden, till exempelgenom kostnadsfri rådgivning.• Om småskogar sköts på ett lämpligt sätt kan utdöenderisken för typiskaskogsarter minskas betydligt. Ett försiktigt virkesuttag har förmodligeninga negativa effekter utan kan snarare vitalisera små populationer avlundväxter i småskogar och öka mångfalden av träd och buskar. En stordel av lundfloran består av långlivade arter med utlöpare och/eller underjordiskaövervintringsorgan som både kan överleva länge i små beståndoch expandera lokalt när tillfälle ges.• Vissa öppna småskogar har en historia som betesmark där naturvärdenaidag delvis är knutna till en hävdberoende flora och insektsfauna. Fördessa bör det avgöras från fall till fall om områdena kan restaureras ochingå i en större betesmark, eller om utvecklingen till en mer sluten skogsmiljöska få fortsätta.• Genom att etablera nya småskogar på jordbruksmark kan man skapaspridningsöar som kan koloniseras av typiska skogsarter och därmedförbättra förutsättningar att gamla småskogar kan behålla livskraftigapopulationer av dessa arter. Många av de mer kortlivade lundväxternahar å andra sidan en bra spridningsförmåga då fröna sprids över störreavstånd, och genom öppna marker, med hjälp av däggdjur, fåglar och vind.• Vi föreslår att man vid nyetablering av lövskog i jordbrukslandskap hellreplanterar fler skogar med en storlek mellan 1–5 hektar än att satsa påfärre och större skogar. Dessa skogar bör etableras nära äldre artrik skogmen även utspritt i det öppna jordbrukslandskapet.• Resultaten från vår tidsserie av ekplanteringar på åkermark visar tydligtatt dessa efter 60–80 år kan ha utvecklat en flora och jordlöparfaunasom till stor del liknar den i ekskog på gammal skogsmark.• Våra resultat tyder på att etablering av ek- eller aspbestånd som röjs ochgallras regelbundet är bäst för biologisk mångfald då sådana bestånderbjuder optimala ljusförhållanden för etablering av lundfloran. Beståndenär tillräckligt ljusa för att lundväxter kan etablera sig och bygga upp sinabestånd, medan de är för mörka för att störningsgynnade arter som halloneller brännässla ska kunna konkurrera i längden. Ek- eller aspbestånderbjuder även bättre förutsättningar för spontan etablering av andraträd- och buskarter än till exempel täta bokplanteringar eller alltför ljusabjörkplanteringar med tät och högväxt undervegetation som hindraretableringav både ved- och lundväxter.
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| 39. |
- Brunet, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Små lövskogars funktion för biologisk mångfald i jordbrukslandskap
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har studerat hur markanvändningshistoria och fragmenteringen av livsmiljöer har påverkat mångfalden av kärlväxter och jordlöpare i små lövskogar i fyra svenska jordbrukslandskap med varierande naturförhållanden.Resultat1) Ett system av stepping stones kan vara effektivt för att skogslevande arter kan förflytta sig genom landskapet och kolonisera nya livsmiljöer.2) Små isolerade skogsområden med skoglig kontinuitet (0.5-1 ha) kan hysa en stor mångfald av specialiserade arter lång tid efter att områdena har blivit isolerade.3) Nyetablerad lövskog koloniseras av många typiska skogsarter. Närheten till äldre skog är viktigare för skogsväxter än för jordlöpare.4) Nyetablerad lövskog på åkermark är en livsmiljö för kalkgynnade skogsarter som har förlorat en stor del av sin ursprungliga livsmiljö till jordbruket.5) Den tidigare markanvändningen och skogarnas täthet har stor betydelse för vilka naturvårdsintressanta arter som idag finns i små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskapet.6) Småskogars naturvärden är känsliga för störningar som t ex kalavverkning, skräpdumpning, barrskogsplantering och olämpligt tamdjursbete.Slutsatser1) Små lövskogar med habitatkontinuitet och en flora och fauna av typiska skogsarter bör ges högre prioritet i natur- och landskapsvård.2) Om småskogar sköts på ett lämpligt sätt kan utdöenderisken för typiska skogsarter minskas betydligt.3) För ljusöppna småskogar med en hävdberoende restflora och -fauna kan återupptagen beteshävd vara lämplig.4) Nya småskogar kan vara stepping stones som koloniseras av typiska skogsarter och därmed förbättrar förutsättningar för gamla småskogar att behålla sina skogsarter.5) Plantera hellre fler små skogar (1-4 ha) än färre och större. Dessa skogar bör både etableras nära intill äldre artrik skog men även fördelat i det öppna jordbrukslandskapet.6) Etablering av ek- eller aspbestånd skapar de bästa ljus- och markförhållanden för utvecklingen av en artrik lundflora, jämfört med andra lövträdslag.
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| 40. |
- Bujila, Ioana, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I : An emerging cause of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1567-1348 .- 1567-7257. ; 92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most cases of cryptosporidiosis in humans are caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium hominis. However, more uncommon species are increasingly being recognised to cause infection in humans. Here we report that Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I, which has various rodents as its natural host, is the third most common source of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden. We also describe the first small outbreak of cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I and report the first case of zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I from a red squirrel to a human. Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I was identified in 20 human cases, including 16 sporadic cases, three outbreak-related cases, and one zoonotic case, as well as in two squirrel samples. Gp60 subtyping which was successful for 19 human cases and two squirrel samples showed that all samples harboured the same subtype, XIVaA20G2T1. The work presented here suggests that red squirrel is a natural host of Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I and that infection with Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I is an emerging cause of domestic cryptosporidiosis in Sweden and a potential source of outbreaks.
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| 41. |
- Bujila, Ioana, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptosporidium species and subtypes identified in human domestic cases through the national microbiological surveillance programme in Sweden from 2018 to 2022
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BMC. - 1471-2334. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. A national microbiological surveillance programme was implemented in Sweden in 2018 in order to increase knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. This article summarises the results of the first five years of the surveillance programme. Methods Cryptosporidium-positive faecal and DNA samples from domestically acquired infections were collected from clinical microbiological laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was performed using 60 kDa glycoprotein and/or small subunit ribosomal RNA gene analysis. Results Between 2018 and 2022, 1654 samples were analysed and 11 different species were identified: C. parvum (n = 1412), C. mortiferum (n = 59), C. hominis (n = 56), C. erinacei (n = 11), C. cuniculus (n = 5), C. meleagridis (n = 3), C. equi (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. canis, C. ditrichi and C. felis. Subtyping revealed seven subtype families of C. parvum (new subtype families IIy and IIz) and 69 different subtypes (11 new subtypes). The most common C. parvum subtypes were IIdA22G1c, IIdA24G1, IIdA15G2R1 and IIaA16G1R1b. For C. hominis, four different subtype families and nine different subtypes (two new subtypes) were identified. For additional species, two new subtype families (IIIk and VId) and nine new subtypes were identified. All successfully subtyped C. mortiferum cases were subtype XIVaA20G2T1, confirming previous findings in Sweden. Several outbreaks were identified of which the majority were foodborne and a few were due to direct contact with infected animals. Conclusion Infection with C. parvum is the leading cause of human cryptosporidiosis acquired in Sweden, where more than 90% of domestic cases are caused by this zoonotic species and only a small proportion of cases are due to infection with other species. The rodent-associated C. mortiferum is considered an emerging zoonotic species in Sweden and the number of domestically acquired human cases has surpassed that of infection with C. hominis. A high diversity of species and subtypes, as well as diversity within the same subtype, was detected. Also, cryptosporidiosis appears to affect adults to a great extent in Sweden.
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| 42. |
- Burstedt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Platsen är serverad!
- 2001
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Ingår i: Fönster mot Europa : platser och identiteter. - 9144021178 ; , s. 61-86
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Bäckman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Deep venous thrombosis : A new task for primary health care - A randomised economic study of outpatient and inpatient treatment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 22:1, s. 44-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - A health economic evaluation of two alternative treatment settings, inpatient care and outpatient care, for acute deep venous thrombosis. Design - A randomised multicentre trial in a defined population in regular clinical practice. Setting - Hospitals and related health care centres in the Jönköping county council in Sweden. Interventions - Patients were randomised to either an inpatient strategy (n = 66) or an outpatient strategy (n = 65) using low-molecular-weight heparin, dalteparin, administered subcutaneously once daily and adjusted for body weight. Subjects - Of 224 eligible patients, 131 entered the trial and 124 completed the economic part of the study. Main outcome measures - Direct medical and direct non-medical costs during a 3-month period. Results - Total direct costs were higher for those in the inpatient strategy group, i.e. Swedish Crowns (SEK) 16 400 per patient (Euro 1899) compared to SEK 12 100 per patient (Euro 1405) in the outpatient strategy group (p < 0.001). More patients in the outpatient group received assistance when they returned home. Few patients in either group reported sick leave. There was no difference in total number of days between the two groups. Conclusions - Total direct costs were significantly lower for the outpatient treatment strategy for deep venous thrombosis compared to the inpatient treatment strategy. No significant difference in health impact could be detected. Deep venous thrombosis can to a greater extent than previously be treated in primary care, safely, at a lower cost, and in accordance with patient preferences.
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| 44. |
- Castelli, Ivano E., et al.
(författare)
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Data Management Plans : the Importance of Data Management in the BIG-MAP Project
- 2021
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Ingår i: Batteries & Supercaps. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2566-6223. ; 4:12, s. 1803-1812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open access to research data is increasingly important for accelerating research. Grant authorities therefore request detailed plans for how data is managed in the projects they finance. We have recently developed such a plan for the EU H2020 BIG-MAP project-a cross-disciplinary project targeting disruptive battery-material discoveries. Essential for reaching the goal is extensive sharing of research data across scales, disciplines and stakeholders, not limited to BIG-MAP and the European BATTERY 2030+ initiative but within the entire battery community. The key challenges faced in developing the data management plan for such a large and complex project were to generate an overview of the enormous amount of data that will be produced, to build an understanding of the data flow within the project and to agree on a roadmap for making all data FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable). This paper describes the process we followed and how we structured the plan.
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| 45. |
- Christleib, Norbert, et al.
(författare)
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4MOST Consortium Survey 2: The Milky Way Halo High-Resolution Survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: Messenger. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We will study the formation history of the Milky Way, and the earliest phases of its chemical enrichment, with a sample of more than 1.5 million stars at high galactic latitude. Elemental abundances of up to 20 elements with a precision of better than 0.2 dex will be derived for these stars. The sample will include members of kinematically coherent substructures, which we will associate with their possible birthplaces by means of their abundance signatures and kinematics, allowing us to test models of galaxy formation. Our target catalogue is also expected to contain 30 000 stars at a metallicity of less than one hundredth that of the Sun. This sample will therefore be almost a factor of 100 larger than currently existing samples of metal-poor stars for which precise elemental abundances are available (determined from high-resolution spectroscopy), enabling us to study the early chemical evolution of the Milky Way in unprecedented detail.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Clement, Keith, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Regional Development : Learning from Nordic Experience
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this research project was to progress from a broad overview of Nordic sustainable regional development (SRD), as outlined in a previous report (2001:8), to an in-depth investigation through case studies. The project's three objectives included deriving a detailed knowledge of factors impacting on SRD realisation, identifying and highlighting best practice in Nordic SRD, and facilitating a Nordic network for SRD information exchange.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- de Jong, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Messenger. - : European Southern Observatory. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations.
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| 50. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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