| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 3. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 4. |
- Rewers, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1150, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown, but a growing body of evidence points to infectious agents and/or components of early childhood diet. The National Institutes of Health has established the TEDDY Study consortium of six clinical centers in the United States and Europe and a data coordinating center to identify environmental factors predisposing to, or protective against, islet autoimmunity and T1D. From 2004-2009, TEDDY will screen more than 360,000 newborns from both the general population and families already affected by T1D to identify an estimated 17,804 children with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes. Of those, 7,801 (788 first-degree relatives and 7,013 newborns with no family history of T1D) will be enrolled in prospective follow-up beginning before the age of 4.5 months. As of May 2008, TEDDY has screened more than 250,000 newborns and enrolled nearly 5,000 infants--approximately 70% of the final cohort. Participants are seen every 3 months up to 4 years of age, with subsequent visits every 6 months until the subject is 15 years of age. Blood samples are collected at each visit for detection of candidate infectious agents and nutritional biomarkers; monthly stool samples are collected for infectious agents. These samples are saved in a central repository. Primary endpoints include (1) appearance of one or more islet autoantibodies (to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2) confirmed at two consecutive visits; (2) development of T1D. By age 15, an estimated 800 children will develop islet autoimmunity and 400 will progress to T1D; 67 and 27 children have already reached these endpoints.
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| 5. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 6. |
- Antoniou, Antonis C., et al.
(författare)
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Common alleles at 6q25.1 and 1p11.2 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 20:16, s. 3304-3321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r(2) = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [ hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.23, P-trend = 4.5 x 10(-9) for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.40, P-trend = 1.3 x 10(-8) for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.
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| 7. |
- Baturova, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation as a clinical characteristic of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy : Experience from the Nordic ARVC Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 298, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients have drawn attention to atrial fibrillation (AF) as an arrhythmic manifestation of ARVC and as an indicator of atrial involvement in the disease progression. We aimed to assess the prevalence of AF in the Scandinavian cohort of ARVC patients and to evaluate its association with disease clinical manifestations. Methods: Study sample comprised of 293 definite ARVC patients by 2010 Task Force criteria (TFC2010) and 141 genotype-positive family members (total n = 434, 43% females, median age at ARVC diagnosis 41 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–52 years]). ARVC diagnostic score was calculated as the sum of major (2 points) and minor (1 point) criteria in all categories of the TFC2010. Results: AF was diagnosed in 42 patients (10%): in 41 patients with definite ARVC diagnosis (14%) vs in one genotype-positive family member (1%), p < 0.001. The median age at AF onset was 51 (IQR 38–58) years. The prevalence of AF was related to the ARVC diagnostic score: it significantly increased starting with the diagnostic score 4 (2% in those with score 3 vs 13% in those with score 4, p = 0.023) and increased further with increased diagnostic score (Somer's d value is 0.074, p < 0.001). Conclusion: AF is seen in 14% of definite ARVC patients and is related to the severity of disease phenotype thus suggesting AF being an arrhythmic manifestation of this cardiomyopathy indicating atrial myocardial involvement in the disease progression.
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| 8. |
- Benatar, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ORARIALS-01) : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 23:7, s. 687-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Arimoclomol, a heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) co-inducer, is neuroprotective in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with multiple mechanisms of action, including clearance of protein aggregates, a pathological hallmark of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Methods: ORARIALS-01 was a multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial done at 29 centres in 12 countries in Europe and North America. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older and met El Escorial criteria for clinically possible, probable, probable laboratory-supported, definite, or familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; had an ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score of 35 or more; and had slow vital capacity at 70% or more of the value predicted on the basis of the participant's age, height, and sex. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in blocks of 6, stratified by use of a stable dose of riluzole or no riluzole use, to receive oral arimoclomol citrate 1200 mg/day (400 mg three times per day) or placebo. The Randomisation sequence was computer generated centrally. Investigators, study personnel, and study participants were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) rank score over 76 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome and safety were analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03491462, and is completed.Findings: Between July 31, 2018, and July 17, 2019, 287 patients were screened, 245 of whom were enrolled in the trial and randomly assigned. The modified intention-to-treat population comprised 239 patients (160 in the arimoclomol group and 79 in the placebo group): 151 (63%) were male and 88 (37%) were female; mean age was 57·6 years (SD 10·9). CAFS score over 76 weeks did not differ between groups (mean 0·51 [SD 0·29] in the arimoclomol group vs 0·49 [0·28] in the placebo group; p=0·62). Cliff's delta comparing the two groups was 0·039 (95% CI –0·116 to 0·194). Proportions of participants who died were similar between the treatment groups: 29 (18%) of 160 patients in the arimoclomol group and 18 (23%) of 79 patients in the placebo group. Most deaths were due to disease progression. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal. Adverse events were more often deemed treatment-related in the arimoclomol group (104 [65%]) than in the placebo group (41 [52%]) and more often led to treatment discontinuation in the arimoclomol group (26 [16%]) than in the placebo group (four [5%]).Interpretation: Arimoclomol did not improve efficacy outcomes compared with placebo. Although available biomarker data are insufficient to preclude future strategies that target the HSP response, safety data suggest that a higher dose of arimoclomol would not have been tolerated.Funding: Orphazyme.
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| 9. |
- Bjarnadóttir, Kristín J., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index is associated with pulmonary gas and blood distribution mismatch in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure : A physiological study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The effects of obesity on pulmonary gas and blood distribution in patients with acute respiratory failure remain unknown. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is a X-ray-based method used to study regional distribution of gas and blood within the lung. We hypothesized that 1) regional gas/blood mismatch can be quantified by DECT; 2) obesity influences the global and regional distribution of pulmonary gas and blood; 3) regardless of ventilation modality (invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation), patients’ body mass index (BMI) has an impact on pulmonary gas/blood mismatch.Methods: This single-centre prospective observational study enrolled 118 hypoxic COVID-19 patients (92 male) in need of respiratory support and intensive care who underwent DECT. The cohort was divided into three groups according to BMI: 1. BMI<25 kg/m2 (non-obese), 2. BMI = 25–40 kg/m2 (overweight to obese), and 3. BMI>40 kg/m2 (morbidly obese). Gravitational analysis of Hounsfield unit distribution of gas and blood was derived from DECT and used to calculate regional gas/blood mismatch. A sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the chosen ventilatory modality and BMI on gas/blood mismatch and adjust for other possible confounders (i.e., age and sex).Results: 1) Regional pulmonary distribution of gas and blood and their mismatch were quantified using DECT imaging. 2) The BMI>40 kg/m2 group had less hyperinflation in the non-dependent regions and more lung collapse in the dependent regions compared to the other BMI groups. In morbidly obese patients, gas and blood were more evenly distributed; therefore, the mismatch was lower than in other patients (30% vs. 36%, p < 0.05). 3) An increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 was associated with a decrease in mismatch of 3.3% (CI: 3.67% to −2.93%, p < 0.05). Neither the ventilatory modality nor age and sex affected the gas/blood mismatch (p > 0.05).Conclusion: 1) In a hypoxic COVID-19 population needing intensive care, pulmonary gas/blood mismatch can be quantified at a global and regional level using DECT. 2) Obesity influences the global and regional distribution of gas and blood within the lung, and BMI>40 kg/m2 improves pulmonary gas/blood mismatch. 3) This is true regardless of the ventilatory mode and other possible confounders, i.e., age and sex.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04316884, NCT04474249.
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| 10. |
- Casas, Monica Escolà, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical sample preparation strategies for the determination of antimalarial drugs in human whole blood, plasma and urine
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 962, s. 109-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimalarial drugs commonly referred to as antimalarials, include a variety of compounds with different physicochemical properties. There is a lack of information on antimalarial distribution in the body over time after administration, e.g. the drug concentrations in whole blood, plasma, and urine, which must be improved in order to advance curing the parasitic disease malaria. A key problem also lies in that pharmacokinetic studies not always are performed in patient groups that may benefit most of the treatment such as children, pregnancy and lower-weight ethnic populations. Here we review the available sample preparation strategies combined with liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis to determine antimalarials in whole blood, plasma and urine published over the last decade. Sample preparation can be done by protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction or dilution. After LC separation, the preferred detection tool is tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) but other detection methods have been used e.g. UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detection. Major trends for sample preparation of the different groups of antimalarials for each matrix and its detection have been summarized. Finally, the main problems that the researchers have dealt with are highlighted. This information will aid analytical chemists in the development of novel methods for determining existing antimalarials and upcoming new drugs
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| 11. |
- Casas, Monica Escolà, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical sample preparation strategies for the determination of antimalarial drugs in human whole blood, plasma and urine
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-0232. ; 962, s. 109-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimalarial drugs commonly referred to as antimalarials, include a variety of compounds with different physicochemical properties. There is a lack of information on antimalarial distribution in the body over time after administration, e.g. the drug concentrations in whole blood, plasma, and urine, which must be improved in order to advance curing the parasitic disease malaria. A key problem also lies in that pharmacokinetic studies not always are performed in patient groups that may benefit most of the treatment such as children, pregnancy and lower-weight ethnic populations. Here we review the available sample preparation strategies combined with liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis to determine antimalarials in whole blood, plasma and urine published over the last decade. Sample preparation can be done by protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction or dilution. After LC separation, the preferred detection tool is tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) but other detection methods have been used e.g. UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detection. Major trends for sample preparation of the different groups of antimalarials for each matrix and its detection have been summarized. Finally, the main problems that the researchers have dealt with are highlighted. This information will aid analytical chemists in the development of novel methods for determining existing antimalarials and upcoming new drugs
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| 12. |
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Cognitive Abilities and Educational Outcomes. A Festschrift in Honour of Jan-Eric Gustafsson
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book addresses problems and challenges that face educational measurement at a time when multipurpose usage of observational data from educational assessments, tests and international surveys has become a growing global trend. While the construction of educational measures and use of educational data offer many opportunities, they also require awareness of the numerous threats to validity and methods of reducing such threats. Written by leading international scholars, the book demonstrates the complexity of educational measurement by addressing three broad and interrelated topics. The first part discusses cognitive abilities, including studies on fluid intelligence, its improvement and its links to aptitude tests for admission to higher education. The second part focuses on the effects of school and teacher-related factors on school outcomes at individual and group levels, and uses international studies to analyze causes. The third part presents analytical techniques and measurement methods to improve reliability, for example factor analysis using Bayesian estimators, bi-factor analysis, model misfit and solutions, and discusses balance issues in reporting test results. The book provides examples of state-of-the-art analytical techniques for pursuing fundamental research problems, and the latest advances in measurement methods, with a focus on validity improvement. Eminent researchers discuss and provide insights into questions such as: Is it possible to train individuals to think at a higher level than normal for their age? What determines prospective preschool teachers’ skill to perceive mathematics-related preschool situations? Can international indicator design and instruments be improved to use trends and national context variables more efficiently? Can indicator data at national, school and class levels be compared easier? Are value-added measures of teacher effectiveness valid when it comes to hiring and promoting teachers? Is money better spent on teacher training than on smaller class-size? How do theory and empirical statistical data intertwine in building structures of understanding? This book is inspired by the career and personal influence of the Swedish scholar Professor Jan-Eric Gustafsson, renowned for his research on individual differences, especially the structure of cognitive abilities, and on the effects of education on knowledge and skills.
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| 13. |
- Couch, Fergus J., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of four novel susceptibility loci for oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 7:11375, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common variants in 94 loci have been associated with breast cancer including 15 loci with genome-wide significant associations (P<5 x 10(-8)) with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk. In this study, to identify new ER-negative susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consisting of 4,939 ER-negative cases and 14,352 controls, combined with 7,333 ER-negative cases and 42,468 controls and 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers genotyped on the iCOGS array. We identify four previously unidentified loci including two loci at 13q22 near KLF5, a 2p23.2 locus near WDR43 and a 2q33 locus near PPIL3 that display genome-wide significant associations with ER-negative breast cancer. In addition, 19 known breast cancer risk loci have genome-wide significant associations and 40 had moderate associations (P<0.05) with ER-negative disease. Using functional and eQTL studies we implicate TRMT61B and WDR43 at 2p23.2 and PPIL3 at 2q33 in ER-negative breast cancer aetiology. All ER-negative loci combined account for similar to 11% of familial relative risk for ER-negative disease and may contribute to improved ER-negative and BRCA1 breast cancer risk prediction.
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| 14. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gaudet, Mia M., et al.
(författare)
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Common Genetic Variants and Modification of Penetrance of BRCA2-Associated Breast Cancer
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The considerable uncertainty regarding cancer risks associated with inherited mutations of BRCA2 is due to unknown factors. To investigate whether common genetic variants modify penetrance for BRCA2 mutation carriers, we undertook a two-staged genome-wide association study in BRCA2 mutation carriers. In stage 1 using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, 592,163 filtered SNPs genotyped were available on 899 young (, 40 years) affected and 804 unaffected carriers of European ancestry. Associations were evaluated using a survival-based score test adjusted for familial correlations and stratified by country of the study and BRCA2*6174delT mutation status. The genomic inflation factor (lambda) was 1.011. The stage 1 association analysis revealed multiple variants associated with breast cancer risk: 3 SNPs had p-values, 10 25 and 39 SNPs had p-values<10(-4). These variants included several previously associated with sporadic breast cancer risk and two novel loci on chromosome 20 (rs311499) and chromosome 10 (rs16917302). The chromosome 10 locus was in ZNF365, which contains another variant that has recently been associated with breast cancer in an independent study of unselected cases. In stage 2, the top 85 loci from stage 1 were genotyped in 1,264 cases and 1,222 controls. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stage 1 and 2 were combined and estimated using a retrospective likelihood approach, stratified by country of residence and the most common mutation, BRCA2*6174delT. The combined per allele HR of the minor allele for the novel loci rs16917302 was 0.75 (95% CI 0.66-0.86, p = 3: 8 x 10(-5)) and for rs311499 was 0.72 (95% CI 0.61-0.85, p = 6: 6 x 10(-5)). FGFR2 rs2981575 had the strongest association with breast cancer risk (per allele HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.39, p = 1: 2 x 10(-8)). These results indicate that SNPs that modify BRCA2 penetrance identified by an agnostic approach thus far are limited to variants that also modify risk of sporadic BRCA2 wild-type breast cancer.
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| 17. |
- Gustafsson, Jan-Eric, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Home Background on Student Achievement in Reading, Mathematics, and Science at the Fourth Grade.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: M. O. Martin and I. V. S. Mullis (Eds) TIMSS and PIRLS 2011: Relationships Among Reading, Mathematics, and Science Achievement at the Fourth Grade—Implications for Early Learning. - Boston College, USA : Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.. - 9781889938189 ; , s. 183-289
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Hansen, Mette, et al.
(författare)
-
The female handball player
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Handball Sports Medicine. - : Springer. - 9783662558911 - 9783662558928 ; , s. 553-570
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Hansen, Monica
(författare)
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Yrkeskulturer i möte : läraren, fritidspedagogen och samverkan
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, co-operation between teachers belonging to different teaching traditions or ”cultures”, has become common in Sweden, particularly within the first years of primary school, where teachers from a pre-school tradition (pre-school teachers, recreational pedagogues) work alongside primary school teachers. The thesis explores the relation between two different yet related professional cultures, teachers and recreational pedagogues, in their collaborative work in the Swedish primary school. It is an ethnographic case study of development of collaboration between the two teaching traditions, in two schools with somewhat different organisational structure. The emphasis is on the intersection between these two professions and their two professional cultures. The two categories of teachers have different conceptions of their professional identity, depending on which tradition they belong to. The primary school teacher focuses her function as a mediator in children’s learning, while the pedagogue, from the pre-school tradition, sees herself mainly as a model for the child. Teachers and recreational pedagogues also build and shape the physical and mental environment for their work with the children from different perspectives. These are summarised in the metaphors of “school as a work place” and “recreational centre as a home”. These differences in turn are mirrored in different strategies in collaborative situations, strategies that sometimes give rise to misunderstandings and overt or covert conflicts between the two groups, since the underlying conceptions of the professional identities are not brought to the surface. The teachers’ professional culture is here described as a culture with relatively strong classification and framing. A line of indicators point in the same direction in relation to their professional history. Correspondingly we can discern parallels between the weaker classification and framing that characterises the professional culture of the pedagogues and factors in the historical background and development of their professional practice.
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| 20. |
- Hansen Orwehag, Monica, 1946-
(författare)
-
Appendix
- 2015
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på fritidshemspedagogik. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144088143 ; , s. 197-199
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hansen Orwehag, Monica, 1946-
(författare)
-
Förord till den svenska utgåvan
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Perspektiv på fritidshemspedagogik. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144088143 ; , s. 7-8
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 27. |
- Hansen Orwehag, Monica, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lärande i fria miljöer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fritidspedagogik. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147100934 ; , s. 115-136
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hansen Orwehag, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Vetenskaplighet som yrkeskompetens : en intervjustudiestudie
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the Swedish Higher Education Act all university education should aim at developing students' abilities to make independent and critical judgements, to identify, formulate and solve problems and to search and evaluate research based knowledge. In most vocational academic education programs an undergraduate thesis is mandatory where these skills are demonstrated and evaluated. However, programs differ in relation to what is explicitly taught on research methods and scientific work. The present pilot study is based on interviews with graduates with a few years ofwork experience, from three different professions, engineers, teachers and nurses. The interviews concern mainly two topics – their impressions of the research methods content in their education and their perceptions and reflections on what impact the specific research methods training has hadon their actual professional practice. The results show the respondents' overall uncertainty about the significance of research related knowledge in their education and they are not inclined to identify adirect connection between the research methods training in the programs and their daily professional work. However, when explicitly asked, the respondents refer to frequent use of what can be seen as different types of research related knowledge and skills in their work – but they do not identify themas such. The work with the final undergraduate thesis is generally a positive experience, mainly since it includes a personal choice of topic and an independent piece of work. The character of the theses differs between the three programs, partly due to the different characteristics of the professions.These differences in turn have an impact on what is regarded as significant experiences. The engineers value the thesis because they see it as "the real thing", something that connects to their future profession, and provides the experience to produce a scientific text. Teachers highlight their training of an ability to change perspectives and to take a critical stance, but also as a preparation fortheir own teaching of e.g. source evaluation. Nurses, who write research overviews as their theses,mainly appreciate the independence and the enhanced knowledge in their chosen field.One point of departure for this study is that the undergraduate theses in vocational academic education programs are to be seen as work-integrated learning (WIL), but where the profession aimed at is the researcher’s, rather than the profession in the specific program. The conclusion drawnis that teaching of research related skills and knowledge should be developed in closer connection to the more precise use of such abilities in different areas of professional work.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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| 32. |
- Jensen, Lars Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and standard treatment in patients with locally advanced colon cancer: The NeoCol trial.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 41:17_SUPPL
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LBA3503Background: Locally advanced colon cancer presents a therapeutic challenge regarding improving survival and minimizing side effects by optimizing the timing of surgical and systemic treatments. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a widely accepted approach in numerous cancers as it aims to eliminate micrometastases and reduce tumor size. Our study aimed to assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on locally advanced colon cancer compared to standard initial surgery. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, phase III clinical trial. Patients aged 18 years or older with biopsy-proven colon cancer were eligible for inclusion if staged as T4 or T3 with invasion depth >= 5 mm, N0-2, and M0 according to CT scan evaluation. Patients were randomly assigned to either standard upfront surgery or surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with either 3 cycles of CAPOX (oxaliplatin, capecitabine every 3 weeks) or 4 cycles of FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, 5FU every 2 weeks). Adjuvant chemotherapy was chosen based on the pathological stage of the cancer according to guidelines. The primary endpoint, disease-free survival (DFS), was analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. The sample size was set at 125 patients per arm, based on a projected increase in two-year disease-free survival from 80% to 90%, with a two-sided significance level of 5%, power of 80%, 3 years of inclusion, 2 years of follow-up, and a 10% drop-out rate. Results: Nine centers in 3 countries included 122 patients in the standard group and 126 patients in the neoadjuvant group from 10/2013 to 11/2021. Forty-four % were female, the median age was 66 years, and 91% had a performance status (PS) of 0, while 9% had a PS of 1. Seventy-three % of the tumors were classified as T3, with a median outgrowth of 11 mm, while 26% were classified as T4 on the baseline CT scan. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was lower in the neoadjuvant group, 3 (IQR 1-7) vs. 4 (0-8). There were slightly more postoperative complications in the standard group regarding ileus, anastomotic leakage, and length of stay. Postoperatively, more patients in the standard arm had an indication of adjuvant chemotherapy, 88 vs. 72 (p = 0.02). DFS at 2 years was similar in the two arms (p = 0.95, logrank), as was overall survival (OS) (p = 0.95, logrank). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and standard upfront surgery showed no significant difference in DFS and OS in patients with colon cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy seemed to have more favorable outcomes in terms of chemotherapy cycles, postoperative complications, and downstaging. CT scan alone may not be sufficient in identifying high-risk patients preoperatively. These findings suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be considered a viable treatment option for patients with locally advanced colon cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT01918527.
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Eva M., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Unika individer och kollektivt samspel
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Samhälle, genus och pedagogik. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789188847171 - 9789188847164 ; , s. 141-159
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel diskuterar vi kunskaper och kunskapande i förhållande till individ och grupp. Vilka föreskrifter finns i styrdokumenten? Vi dröjer oss också kvar vid hur läraren, i sin undervisning, kan främja elevernas kunskapande? Hur möter läraren de enskilda eleverna och hur kan läraren utnyttja gruppdynamiken? Och, inte minst viktigt, hur kan läraren skapa trygga grupper där varje elev får lära och utvecklas harmoniskt och där ingen blir utanför och tappar landfästet? Slutligen knyter vi ihop detta genom att belysa undervisningen i lärarutbildningen – hur kan studenterna hitta sina segelleder och ankarplatser i fritidshemmet, skolan och förskolan?
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| 34. |
- Johnson, Randi K., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolite-related dietary patterns and the development of islet autoimmunity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of diet in type 1 diabetes development is poorly understood. Metabolites, which reflect dietary response, may help elucidate this role. We explored metabolomics and lipidomics differences between 352 cases of islet autoimmunity (IA) and controls in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. We created dietary patterns reflecting pre-IA metabolite differences between groups and examined their association with IA. Secondary outcomes included IA cases positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAb+). The association of 853 plasma metabolites with outcomes was tested at seroconversion to IA, just prior to seroconversion, and during infancy. Key compounds in enriched metabolite sets were used to create dietary patterns reflecting metabolite composition, which were then tested for association with outcomes in the nested case-control subset and the full TEDDY cohort. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, glucosylceramides, and phospholipid ethers in infancy were inversely associated with mAb+ risk, while dicarboxylic acids were associated with an increased risk. An infancy dietary pattern representing higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phospholipid ethers, and lower sphingomyelins was protective for mAb+ in the nested case-control study only. Characterization of this high-risk infant metabolomics profile may help shape the future of early diagnosis or prevention efforts. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for breast and ovarian cancer risk prediction in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 109:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 94 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer (BC) risk and 18 associated with ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Several of these are also associated with risk of BC or OC for women who carry a pathogenic mutation in the high-risk BC and OC genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. The combined effects of these variants on BC or OC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have not yet been assessed while their clinical management could benefit from improved personalized risk estimates. Methods: We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRS) using BC and OC susceptibility SNPs identified through population-based GWAS: for BC (overall, estrogen receptor [ER]-positive, and ER-negative) and for OC. Using data from 15 252 female BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 carriers, the association of each PRS with BC or OC risk was evaluated using a weighted cohort approach, with time to diagnosis as the outcome and estimation of the hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation increase in the PRS. Results: The PRS for ER-negative BC displayed the strongest association with BC risk in BRCA1 carriers (HR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23 to 1.31, P = 8.2 × 10-53). InBRCA2 carriers, the strongest association with BC risk was seen for the overall BCPRS (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.28, P = 7.2 × 10-20). The OC PRS was strongly associated with OC risk for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. These translate to differences in absolute risks (more than 10% in each case) between the top and bottom deciles of the PRS distribution; for example, the OC risk was 6% by age 80 years for BRCA2 carriers at the 10th percentile of the OC PRS compared with 19% risk for those at the 90th percentile of PRS. Conclusions: BC and OC PRS are predictive of cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Incorporation of the PRS into risk prediction models has promise to better inform decisions on cancer risk management.
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| 37. |
- Köppl, Christian Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperspectral reflectance measurements from UAS under intermittent clouds: Correcting irradiance measurements for sensor tilt
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257. ; 267, s. 1-1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One great advantage of optical hyperspectral remote sensing from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) compared to satellite missions is the possibility to fly and collect data below clouds. The most typical scenario is flying below intermittent clouds and under turbulent conditions, which causes tilting of the platform. This study aims to advance hyperspectral imaging from UAS in most weather conditions by addressing two challenges: (i) the radiometric and spectral calibrations of miniaturized hyperspectral sensors; and (ii) tilting effects on measured downwelling irradiance. We developed a novel method to correct the downwelling irradiance data for tilting effects. It uses a hybrid approach of minimizing measured irradiance variations for constant irradiance periods and spectral unmixing, to calculate the spectral diffuse irradiance fraction for all irradiance measurements within a flight. It only requires the platform's attitude data and a standard incoming light sensor. We demonstrated the method at the Palo Verde National Park wetlands in Costa Rica, a highly biodiverse area. Our results showed that the downwelling irradiance correction method reduced systematic shifts caused by a change in flight direction of the UAS, by 87% and achieving a deviation of 2.78% relative to a on ground reference in terms of broadband irradiance. High frequency (< 3 s) irradiance variations caused by high-frequency tilting movements of the UAS were reduced by up to 71%. Our complete spectral and radiometric calibration and irradiance correction can significantly remove typical striped illumination artifacts in the surface reflectance-factor map product. The possibility of collecting precise hyperspectral reflectance-factor data from UAS under varying cloud cover makes it more operational for environmental monitoring or precision agriculture applications, being an important step in advancing hyperspectral imaging from UAS.
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| 38. |
- Lawrenson, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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| 39. |
- Lojewski, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2166-3831. ; 11:8, s. 655-661
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio time-dependent density functional theory we analyze the electronic structure in fcc Ni on the time scale of these interactions in a pump-probe experiment. We distinguish transient broadening and energy shifts in the absorption spectra, which we demonstrate to be captured by electron repopulation respectively correlation-induced modifications of the electronic structure, requiring to take the local Coulomb interaction into account.
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| 40. |
- Lund Hansen, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Corona hotar förvärra svenska bostadskrisen : 108 forskare: Sveriges regering och kommuner måste förhindra en katastrof
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DEBATE. Far from everyone who lives in Sweden has a secure housing situation. According to the National Board of Health and Welfare's latest national survey of 2017, there are about 33,000 homeless people in the country. A significant proportion of them are children. Due to the ongoing corona pandemic, many households are now threatened by unemployment and a deteriorating economy. If the state and municipalities do not act resolutely, there is an imminent risk that the housing crisis will deepen with devastating consequences for the individual as well as for society at large.
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| 41. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 42. |
- Lundström, Marita, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Energibesparing i ord och handling : Installation av energisparsystem och undervisning om elenergi i relation till hållbar utveckling : förskoleanställdas erfarenheter och förskolebarns förståelse
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Centrum för hållbar utveckling (CHU) på Högskolan Väst har tillsammans med teknikföretaget Raybased finansierat och genomfört detta forskningsprojekt om energibesparing. Syftet med riktade samverkansprojekt är att främja forskning och/eller utveckling i nära samarbete mellanforskare och externa aktörer. I ett samverkansprojekt är det forskaren och den externa verksamheten/aktören som tillsammans formulerar de frågeställningar som ska studeras, och undersökningens upplägg och metod arbetas fram i dialog mellan forskaren och samverkansparten. Avsikten med samverkansprojekt inom CHU på Högskolan Väst är att de ska främja kunskapsutveckling kring hållbarhetsfrågor. Det här forskningsprojektet syftar till att få fördjupad kunskap om brukarnas upplevelser av såväl implementering som användande av ett nytt energisparsystem på en förskola i Trollhättan. Systemet installerades av Raybased och omfattar belysning, värme och ventilation på förskolans samtliga tre avdelningar. I samband med installationen byttes armaturerna ut, och dimrar och rörelsevakter för belysningen installerades i vissa utrymmen. På varje avdelning finns numera också en display(läsplatta) med hjälp av vilken personalen kan reglera belysning, värme och ventilation samt avläsa statistik över energiförbrukningen på de olika avdelningarna. Studien undersöker även om energisparsystemet kan knytas till den pedagogiska verksamhetens innehåll. Det görs i form av en lärstudie (delstudie 2) med fokus på hållbar utveckling där vi prövar om förskolebarn kan utveckla en förståelse för hur vatten kan omvandlas till elenergi.
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| 43. |
- Macchia, Gemma, et al.
(författare)
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Ring chromosomes, breakpoint clusters, and neocentromeres in sarcomas.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257. ; 54:3, s. 156-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene amplification is relatively common in tumors. In certain subtypes of sarcoma, it often occurs in the form of ring and/or giant rod-shaped marker (RGM) chromosomes whose mitotic stability is frequently rescued by ectopic novel centromeres (neocentromeres). Little is known about the origin and structure of these RGM chromosomes, including how they arise, their internal organization, and which sequences underlie the neocentromeres. To address these questions, 42 sarcomas with RGM chromosomes were investigated to detect regions prone to double strand breaks and possible functional or structural constraints driving the amplification process. We found nine breakpoint cluster regions potentially involved in the genesis of RGM chromosomes, which turned out to be significantly enriched in poly-pyrimidine traits. Some of the clusters were located close to genes already known to be relevant for sarcomas, thus indicating a potential functional constraint, while others mapped to transcriptionally inactive chromatin domains enriched in heterochromatic sites. Of note, five neocentromeres were identified after analyzing 13 of the cases by fluorescent in situ hybridization. ChIP-on-chip analysis with antibodies against the centromeric protein CENP-A showed that they were a patchwork of small genomic segments derived from different chromosomes, likely joint to form a contiguous sequence during the amplification process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 44. |
- Middeldorp, Christel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:3, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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| 45. |
- Nielsen, Cecilia, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur balanserar lärare mellan ansvaret för hela gruppen och för varje enskilt barn? : arbetsrapport från en pilotstudie, maj 2007 – oktober 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten innehåller två delar. Den första utgörs av rapporteringen av det arbete som utförts inom projektet under de första 18 månaderna, den andra av det konferenspaper till NFPFs/NERA’s1 kongress i Köpenhamn i mars 2008, där projektet först presenterades för en vidare krets. Den forskningsfråga som undersöks är: Hur balanserar lärare i verksamheten mellan ansvaret för hela gruppen och för varje enskilt barn? Dataproduktionen har skett med hjälp av studenter, som i sin verksamhetsförlagda utbildning (VFU) har gjort observationer och intervjuer med sina lärarutbildare i verksamheten (LUV). De texter som blivit resultatet av dessa observationer och intervjuer har sedan analyserats, dels av studenterna själva i seminarier, dels av projektgruppen. I det senare fallet har analysen inriktat sig mot vad studenterna har valt att observera och vad de har kunnat se, både med tanke på vilka instruktioner de fått och med utgångspunkt i vilka förutsättningar utbildningen gett dem att se vad som händer i verksamheten. Projektet står alltså på tre ben:1. En vetenskaplig undersökning av en allmändidaktisk forskningsfråga.2. Studentmedverkan i såväl dataproduktion som analys, vilket ingår i studenternas vetenskapliga skolning.3. En utvärdering av undervisningen och kurslitteraturen vid lärarprogrammet med avseende på vilka förhållanden studenterna givits förutsättningar att upptäcka i verksamheten.Pilotstudien har tydligt bekräftat hur komplex forskningsfrågan är och hur komplicerad situationen på verksamhetsgolvet är. De resultat studien gett antyder också att undervisningen vid högskolan i hög grad styr vad studenterna kan se i verksamheten, och att deras texter ofta är normativa. Projektet har visat sig synnerligen generativt. Intressanta och viktiga frågor för fortsatt forskning inom projektet har utkristalliserats, liksom avgörande problemområden som lärarutbildningen behöver ge sig i kast med.
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| 47. |
- Pellegrini, Mariangela, et al.
(författare)
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A quantitative analysis of extension and distribution of lung injury in COVID-19 : a prospective study based on chest computed tomography
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTypical features differentiate COVID-19-associated lung injury from acute respiratory distress syndrome. The clinical role of chest computed tomography (CT) in describing the progression of COVID-19-associated lung injury remains to be clarified. We investigated in COVID-19 patients the regional distribution of lung injury and the influence of clinical and laboratory features on its progression.MethodsThis was a prospective study. For each CT, twenty images, evenly spaced along the cranio-caudal axis, were selected. For regional analysis, each CT image was divided into three concentric subpleural regions of interest and four quadrants. Hyper-, normally, hypo- and non-inflated lung compartments were defined. Nonparametric tests were used for hypothesis testing (alpha =0.05). Spearman correlation test was used to detect correlations between lung compartments and clinical features.ResultsTwenty-three out of 111 recruited patients were eligible for further analysis. Five hundred-sixty CT images were analyzed. Lung injury, composed by hypo- and non-inflated areas, was significantly more represented in subpleural than in core lung regions. A secondary, centripetal spread of lung injury was associated with exposure to mechanical ventilation (p<0.04), longer spontaneous breathing (more than 14 days, p<0.05) and non-protective tidal volume (p<0.04). Positive fluid balance (p<0.01), high plasma D-dimers (p<0.01) and ferritin (p<0.04) were associated with increased lung injury.ConclusionsIn a cohort of COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure, a predominant subpleural distribution of lung injury is observed. Prolonged spontaneous breathing and high tidal volumes, both causes of patient self-induced lung injury, are associated to an extensive involvement of more central regions. Positive fluid balance, inflammation and thrombosis are associated with lung injury.Trial registration Study registered a priori the 20th of March, 2020. Clinical Trials ID NCT04316884.
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