| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Nielsen, Simon D., et al.
(författare)
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A highly selective agonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2
- 2011
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Ingår i: MedChemComm. ; 2:1, s. 1120-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three conformationally restricted cyclopropyl glutamate analogues (3, 4, 5) were synthesised and their affinity for ionotropic and activity at metabotropic glutamate receptors were probed. Compound 4 turned out to be a highly selective agonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2 with at least two orders of magnitude selectivity in potency compared to the very homologous mGluR3 as well as mGluR1, 4, 5, 7. We also tried to synthesise the two epimers of 6, but the two compounds underwent fast epimerisation in H2O. Furthermore, two cyclopropyl arginine analogues (7, 8) were synthesised and characterised pharmacologically at GPRC6A.
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| 3. |
- Ölvander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign: Design in the Era of Digitalization, NordDesign 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Antonsson, Ann-Beth, et al.
(författare)
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Internkontroll i små företag. Verklighet och visioner
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intervjuer har gjorts av företagsledare i trettio små företag (2-56 anställda) i olika branscher för att följa upp hur internkontrollen (IK) fungerar. Målet har varit att förstå småföretagens inställning till IK samt vad som fungerar/inte fungerar. Utgående från detta läggs grunden till ett mer småföretagsanpassat sätt att bedriva IK. Intervjuerna visar att 22 av företagen kände till IK mer eller mindre och endast tolv hade arbetat med IK. Inget företag hade en väl fungerande IK. Av de tolv företagen arbetade nio också med kvalitetssäkring. Fjorton av de företag som kände till IK, tyckte att IK var byråkratisk och inte passade småföretag. Dokumentationen var besvärlig. Arbetet med IK görs huvudsakligen av företagsledaren ensam. IK-föreskriften speglar en kultur som är en storföretagskultur. Det är ett viktigt skäl till att IK fungerar dåligt i småföretag. Dessutom har småföretagen svårt att tolka föreskriften. Man har också svårt att se nyttan med IK. För att få IK att fungera i småföretag föreslås en modell som innebär att småföretagen börjar bearbeta sina problem direkt, istället för att börja bygga ett ledningssystem. Mo-dellen består av tre delar. 1. Kartlägg arbetsmiljön med hjälp av checklista, enkät el dyl. 2. Håll årligen ett personalmöte och diskutera ett antal frågor som speglar kraven i IK-föreskriften, skriv minnesanteckningar. 3. Arbeta med arbetsmiljön som en del i det dagliga arbetet (vilket blir lättare och får en högre nivå när punkt 1 och 2 genomförts)
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| 5. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 6. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Biological methods for degrading pharmaceutical residues in manure
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is not much knowledge about pharmaceutical residues in Norwegian horse manure. In this project we have further developed a method that enables the analysis of various antibiotics and anthelmintics in a single sample. The method is designed for the analysis of solid substrates, such as horse manure. Manure from treated horses and horse manure with additions of controlled amounts of medicines were composted outdoors in a windrow consisting of horse manure and freshly cut grass. In a pot trail earthworms were added to some of the manure from the treated horses to study the effect of worm action on the biodegradation of pharmaceutical residues. - At the start of the project, several veterinary medicines were considered. The developed analysis method covers several active ingredients in the most commonly used equine medicines. The antibiotic Tribrissen vet inj with the active ingredients sulfadiazine and trimethoprim, and the equine anthelmintics Panacur (active ingredient fenbendazole) and Banminth (active ingredient pyrantel embonate) were included in the entire preliminary study. In total, 70 samples of horse manure and horse manure compost were analysed. We found that dried manure from treated horses could be analysed directly, thus making it unnecessary to freeze-dry samples prior to sending them further for analysis. The method can be used to analyse all four active ingredients at the same time. - Contents of pharmaceutical residues in horse manure are highest 1-2 days after the horse has been treated, with some variation between substances. After this peak, residue contents in manure decrease rapidly. Degradation of the added medicines was slow in the composting trials. In the compost windrow, the contents of medicines decreased gradually throughout a 60-day period, with slightly different degradation curves for the various substances. Three of the tested active ingredients were still detectable in the compost after 60 days. The earthworm trials have to be improved and repeated, among other things, because many worms died in the untreated horse manure plots. - Our trials show that manure from treated horses should be kept apart from other manure for the first 1-3 days after medical treatment. Strategies for the management of such manure have to be developed so that this resource can be used safely in plant production. Additional studies are needed to assess the degradation rate of pharmaceutical residues using different composting methods. Important factors that need to be studied in greater detail under Norwegian conditions include temperature development, windrow dimensions, moisture conditions and earthworm survival. We did not study the contents of pharmaceutical residues in urine. - We performed a survey on soil and fertilizer products among 100 garden centre customers. The results showed that there is a certain interest for peat-free, locally produced soil and fertilizer products. Approximately half of the respondents replied that they are willing to pay as much as 20 % more for such products. Consumerspreferred soil amendments that contain nutrients and are typically ”all-purpose”, i.e. a single product that can be used across a wide range of applications. - This project has been important for the project partners due to its development of an analysis for pharmaceutical residues in solid horse manure. Furthermore, it provided a basis for the further development of horse manure as a pharmaceutical residue-free product.
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| 7. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Biologiske metoder for nedbryting av medisinrester i gjødsel
- 2017
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det er lite kunnskap om medisinrester i norsk hestemøkk. I dette prosjektet har vi videreutviklet en analysemetode som kan analyse for ulike antibiotika og parasittmidler i samme prøve. Metoden er utviklet og testet slik at den kan brukes på fast substrat som hestemøkk. Hestemøkk fra medisinerte hester og hestemøkk tilsatt kjente mengder medisiner ble kompostert ute i en ranke bestående av hestemøkk og nyslått gras. I et potteforsøk, ble noe av hestemøkken fra medisinerte hester tilsatt kompostmeitemark for å se hvordan de bearbeidet medisinrestene. - Flere medisiner til husdyr ble vurdert i starten og det er utviklet analysemetode for flere virkestoffer i medisiner mest vanlig brukt til hest. Antibiotikumet Tribrissen vet inj med virkestoffene trimetoprim og sulfadiazin, og parasittmidlene Panacur med virkestoffet fenbedazol, og Banminth med virkestoffet pyrantelembonat til hest, ble med i hele forprosjektet. 70 prøver av hestemøkk og hestemøkkompost ble analysert. Vi fant at man kan analysere tørket hestemøkk fra medisinerte hester, prøvene trenger dermed ikke frysetørkes for videresending til analyse. Analysemetoden kan brukes for å analysere alle 4 virkestoffene samtidig. - Det er høyest restinnhold i hestemøkk 1-2 dager etter at hesten er behandlet, men litt ulikt for hvert stoff. Deretter reduseres mengden raskt i møkk fra hestene. Nedbrytingen av medisiner tar tid i de komposteringsmetodene som ble testet. I rankekomposten avtok innholdet av medisiner utover i perioden på 60 dager. Det var litt ulike nedbrytingskurver for de ulike stoffene. Tre av stoffene var det enda rester av i komposten etter 60 dager. Forsøket med bruk av kompostmeitemark må optimaliseres og gjøres på nytt, mellom annet fordi mange av meitemarkene døde i ledd med ubehandlet hestemøkk. - Våre utprøvinger viser at møkk fra behandla hester bør skilles fra annen møkk de første 1-3 dagene etter behandling. Det må utvikles håndteringsstrategier for denne møkken slik at den kan brukes trygt i plantedyrking. Det må flere utprøvinger til mht omdanningshastighet av medisinrester ved ulike komposteringsmetoder. Både temperaturutvikling, størrelsen på kompostranken, fuktighetsforhold og overlevelse av kompostmeitemark er viktige faktorer som vi må vite mer om under norske forhold. Innholdet i urin ble ikke testet. - Vi gjennomførte en spørreundersøkelse om jord og gjødsel blant 100 hagesenterkunder. Den viste at det er en viss interesse for torvfrie, lokalproduserte jord- og gjødselprodukter, rundt halvparten av de spurte var villige til å betale 20 % merpris for et slikt produkt. Undersøkelsen viste at forbrukerne ønsket jord og gjødsel som er næringsrik og hvor ett produkt kan brukes til flere formål. - Dette prosjektet har hatt stor betydning for samarbeidspartene ved å utvikle analysemetode for medisinrester i fast hestemøkk, videre har vi lagt et grunnlag for å videreutvikle hestegjødsel som et produkt uten medisinrester.
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical residues affecting the UNESCO biosphere reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike wetlands : sources and sinks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 71:3, s. 423-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the first to investigate the pharmaceutical burden from point sources affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden. The investigated Biosphere Reserve is a >1000 km(2) wetland system with inflows from lakes, rivers, leachate from landfill, and wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). We analysed influent and treated wastewater, leachate water, lake, river, and wetland water alongside sediment for six model pharmaceuticals. The two WWTPs investigated released pharmaceutical residues at levels close to those previously observed in Swedish monitoring exercises. Compound-dependent WWTP removal efficiencies ranging from 12 to 100 % for bendroflumethiazide, oxazepam, atenolol, carbamazepine, and diclofenac were observed. Surface-water concentrations in the most affected lake were ≥100 ng/L for the various pharmaceuticals with atenolol showing the highest levels (>300 ng/L). A small risk assessment showed that adverse single-substance toxicity on aquatic organisms within the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve is unlikely. However, the effects of combinations of a large number of known and unknown pharmaceuticals, metals, and nutrients are still unknown.
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| 9. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical residues affecting the UNESCO biosphere reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike wetlands : sources and sinks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer New York. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 71:3, s. 423-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the first to investigate the pharmaceutical burden from point sources affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden. The investigated Biosphere Reserve is a >1000 km(2) wetland system with inflows from lakes, rivers, leachate from landfill, and wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). We analysed influent and treated wastewater, leachate water, lake, river, and wetland water alongside sediment for six model pharmaceuticals. The two WWTPs investigated released pharmaceutical residues at levels close to those previously observed in Swedish monitoring exercises. Compound-dependent WWTP removal efficiencies ranging from 12 to 100 % for bendroflumethiazide, oxazepam, atenolol, carbamazepine, and diclofenac were observed. Surface-water concentrations in the most affected lake were ≥100 ng/L for the various pharmaceuticals with atenolol showing the highest levels (>300 ng/L). A small risk assessment showed that adverse single-substance toxicity on aquatic organisms within the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve is unlikely. However, the effects of combinations of a large number of known and unknown pharmaceuticals, metals, and nutrients are still unknown.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Brunet, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Små lövskogars betydelse i jordbrukslandskapet
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I svenska jordbrukslandskap finns en varierande mängd restbiotoper medmer eller mindre naturlig vegetation, som små våtmarker, gräsmarker ellerlövskogar.För att kunna utveckla fungerande ekologiska nätverk, grön infrastruktur,i våra jordbrukslandskap behöver vi förstå funktionen av och samspeletmellan småbiotoper bättre. Vi behöver veta om olika arter kan användaisolerade restbiotoper som spridningsöar (stepping stones) eller om vi behöverskapa sammanhängande nätverk av livsmiljöer. Inom detta projekt har vistuderat kärlväxtfloran, med fokus på fältskiktet, och flera grupper av denmarklevande faunan i små lövskogar i fyra svenska jordbrukslandskap medvarierande naturförhållanden, Skabersjö och Västerstad i Skåne, samt Selaönoch Tobo i Sörmland. Vi har särskilt fokuserat på hur markanvändningshistoriaoch fragmenteringen av livsmiljöer har påverkat mångfalden avkärlväxteroch jordlöpare.Kärlväxter bygger upp skogsmiljöers vegetation och skapar därmed flertaletlivsmiljöer för andra organismgrupper. Bland jordlöparna finns både växtätareoch rovdjur och gruppen spelar en viktig roll i skogens näringskedja.Båda grupperna innehåller även arter med varierande spridningsförmågaochär därför lämpliga för undersökningar av effekter av livsmiljöers fragmentering.Få studier har jämfört dynamiken av dessa två artrika och funktionellt viktigagrupper i samma undersökningsområden. Sådana jämförande studier avväxter och djur är emellertid viktiga om man ska kunna bedöma effekternaav bevarande- och restaureringsåtgärder i fragmenterade landskap.Våra resultat visar följande:• Småskogars markhistorik och markförhållanden varierar mellan olikajordbrukslandskap i södra Sverige. I områden med sedimentberggrund,till exempel i Skåne, är jordarna ofta djupa, fuktigare och därmed merproduktiva. Skogarna här blir snabbt täta och förutsättningar för typiskaskogsarter är goda. I områden på urberg, till exempel i Sörmland, liggersmåskogarna ofta på åkerholmar och nära hällmarker. Jordarna är oftagrunda, torra och mindre bördiga. Här kan hävd- och ljusberoende arterleva kvar länge även utan tamdjursbete och skogarna förblir halvöppna.• Markens bördighet i lövskogarna är högst i Skabersjö, följt av Västerstad,Selaön och Tobo. Längs denna gradient minskar markens kol/kvävekvotoch mängden växttillgänglig fosfor, vilket resulterar i en mer näringsgynnadvegetation i Skåne. Skillnader i markens bördighet påverkaräven den förnalevande lägre markfaunan. Våra resultat visar till exempelatt både mängden förnaätande (detritivora) djur (gråsuggor, tusenfotingar,vissa jordlöpare) och rovdjur (vissa jordlöpare, spindlar, lockespindlar)ökar med markens bördighet.• En fungerande grön infrastruktur för växter och djur behöver inte nödvändigtvisbestå av ett nätverk av sammanhängande livsmiljöer utan ettsystem av spridningsöar kan också vara effektivt för att skogslevandearter ska kunna förflytta sig genom landskapet och kolonisera nya livsmiljöer,som till exempel lövskogsplanteringar på tidigare åkermark.• Små (0,5–2 hektar) isolerade skogsområden med skoglig kontinuitet kanhysa en stor mångfald av specialiserade skogsarter även lång tid efter attområdena har blivit isolerade. De är ofta de enda återstående öarna mednaturlig vegetation i ett intensivt brukat landskap, och det är av stor viktatt deras naturvärden bevaras.• Nyetablerad isolerad lövskog som är helt omgiven av öppen mark koloniserasav typiska skogsarter av både kärlväxter och jordlöpare. Dennaprocess går dock betydligt snabbare för kärlväxter om den nya skogenplanteras direkt intill äldre skogsmark, medan närheten till äldre skoginte är lika viktig för jordlöparna. Våra resultat tyder på att många arterav skogslevande jordlöpare, inklusive sådana som saknar flygförmåga,har en oväntat bra förmåga att förflytta sig relativt stora sträckor genomöppna marker för att nå isolerade skogsområden.• Nyetablerad lövskog på åkermark är värdefull för kalkgynnade skogsartersom historiskt sett har förlorat en stor del av sin ursprungliga livsmiljötill jordbruket. I denna grupp ingår rödlistade arter såsom desmeknopp,skogsveronika och strävlosta som alla koloniserar åkermarksplanteringar.• Den tidigare markanvändningen och skogarnas täthet har stor betydelseför vilka arter som idag finns i små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskapet. Meröppna småskogar med ett större ljusinsläpp och tidigare betade småskogarkan hysa en blandning av skogsarter och hävdberoende typiska gräsmarksarter,medan tätare skogar med längre skogskontinuitet kännetecknas avtypiska skogsarter.• Småskogar i jordbrukslandskapet är känsliga för olika typer av störningarsom snabbt kan spoliera deras naturvärden. Exempel från våra landskapär kalavverkning, nedskräpning, granplantering, tamdjursbete i områdensom inte lämpar sig för bete, eller utebliven hävd i områden med en värdefullgräsmarksflora.Vi drar följande slutsatser för hur små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskap kan bidratill en fungerande grön infrastruktur för skogslevande arter:• Små lövskogar med lång kontinuitet och en flora och fauna med typiskaskogsarter bör ges högre prioritet i natur- och landskapsvården. Markägaremed litet skogsinnehav som domineras av små lövskogar bör få regelbundenrådgivning om dessa skogars naturvärden och bevarande. I deflesta fall kan småskogar brukas för virkesproduktion med generell ellerförstärkt naturvårdshänsyn utan att befintliga naturvärden äventyras.I andra fall kan upprättande av naturvårdsavtal eller biotopskydd varaangeläget, särskilt om naturvärden är knutna till gamla ädellövträd.Generellt bör naturvårdande myndigheter rikta mer fokus på lämpligförvaltning av jordbrukslandskapets små lövskogar. Det är viktigt attjordbrukare får upp ögonen för sina småskogars naturvärden, till exempelgenom kostnadsfri rådgivning.• Om småskogar sköts på ett lämpligt sätt kan utdöenderisken för typiskaskogsarter minskas betydligt. Ett försiktigt virkesuttag har förmodligeninga negativa effekter utan kan snarare vitalisera små populationer avlundväxter i småskogar och öka mångfalden av träd och buskar. En stordel av lundfloran består av långlivade arter med utlöpare och/eller underjordiskaövervintringsorgan som både kan överleva länge i små beståndoch expandera lokalt när tillfälle ges.• Vissa öppna småskogar har en historia som betesmark där naturvärdenaidag delvis är knutna till en hävdberoende flora och insektsfauna. Fördessa bör det avgöras från fall till fall om områdena kan restaureras ochingå i en större betesmark, eller om utvecklingen till en mer sluten skogsmiljöska få fortsätta.• Genom att etablera nya småskogar på jordbruksmark kan man skapaspridningsöar som kan koloniseras av typiska skogsarter och därmedförbättra förutsättningar att gamla småskogar kan behålla livskraftigapopulationer av dessa arter. Många av de mer kortlivade lundväxternahar å andra sidan en bra spridningsförmåga då fröna sprids över störreavstånd, och genom öppna marker, med hjälp av däggdjur, fåglar och vind.• Vi föreslår att man vid nyetablering av lövskog i jordbrukslandskap hellreplanterar fler skogar med en storlek mellan 1–5 hektar än att satsa påfärre och större skogar. Dessa skogar bör etableras nära äldre artrik skogmen även utspritt i det öppna jordbrukslandskapet.• Resultaten från vår tidsserie av ekplanteringar på åkermark visar tydligtatt dessa efter 60–80 år kan ha utvecklat en flora och jordlöparfaunasom till stor del liknar den i ekskog på gammal skogsmark.• Våra resultat tyder på att etablering av ek- eller aspbestånd som röjs ochgallras regelbundet är bäst för biologisk mångfald då sådana bestånderbjuder optimala ljusförhållanden för etablering av lundfloran. Beståndenär tillräckligt ljusa för att lundväxter kan etablera sig och bygga upp sinabestånd, medan de är för mörka för att störningsgynnade arter som halloneller brännässla ska kunna konkurrera i längden. Ek- eller aspbestånderbjuder även bättre förutsättningar för spontan etablering av andraträd- och buskarter än till exempel täta bokplanteringar eller alltför ljusabjörkplanteringar med tät och högväxt undervegetation som hindraretableringav både ved- och lundväxter.
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| 12. |
- Brunet, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Små lövskogars funktion för biologisk mångfald i jordbrukslandskap
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har studerat hur markanvändningshistoria och fragmenteringen av livsmiljöer har påverkat mångfalden av kärlväxter och jordlöpare i små lövskogar i fyra svenska jordbrukslandskap med varierande naturförhållanden.Resultat1) Ett system av stepping stones kan vara effektivt för att skogslevande arter kan förflytta sig genom landskapet och kolonisera nya livsmiljöer.2) Små isolerade skogsområden med skoglig kontinuitet (0.5-1 ha) kan hysa en stor mångfald av specialiserade arter lång tid efter att områdena har blivit isolerade.3) Nyetablerad lövskog koloniseras av många typiska skogsarter. Närheten till äldre skog är viktigare för skogsväxter än för jordlöpare.4) Nyetablerad lövskog på åkermark är en livsmiljö för kalkgynnade skogsarter som har förlorat en stor del av sin ursprungliga livsmiljö till jordbruket.5) Den tidigare markanvändningen och skogarnas täthet har stor betydelse för vilka naturvårdsintressanta arter som idag finns i små lövskogar i jordbrukslandskapet.6) Småskogars naturvärden är känsliga för störningar som t ex kalavverkning, skräpdumpning, barrskogsplantering och olämpligt tamdjursbete.Slutsatser1) Små lövskogar med habitatkontinuitet och en flora och fauna av typiska skogsarter bör ges högre prioritet i natur- och landskapsvård.2) Om småskogar sköts på ett lämpligt sätt kan utdöenderisken för typiska skogsarter minskas betydligt.3) För ljusöppna småskogar med en hävdberoende restflora och -fauna kan återupptagen beteshävd vara lämplig.4) Nya småskogar kan vara stepping stones som koloniseras av typiska skogsarter och därmed förbättrar förutsättningar för gamla småskogar att behålla sina skogsarter.5) Plantera hellre fler små skogar (1-4 ha) än färre och större. Dessa skogar bör både etableras nära intill äldre artrik skog men även fördelat i det öppna jordbrukslandskapet.6) Etablering av ek- eller aspbestånd skapar de bästa ljus- och markförhållanden för utvecklingen av en artrik lundflora, jämfört med andra lövträdslag.
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| 13. |
- Cavalieri, A L, et al.
(författare)
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Clocking femtosecond X rays.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Phys Rev Lett. - 0031-9007. ; 94:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear-accelerator-based sources will revolutionize ultrafast x-ray science due to their unprecedented brightness and short pulse duration. However, time-resolved studies at the resolution of the x-ray pulse duration are hampered by the inability to precisely synchronize an external laser to the accelerator. At the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear-Accelerator Center we solved this problem by measuring the arrival time of each high energy electron bunch with electro-optic sampling. This measurement indirectly determined the arrival time of each x-ray pulse relative to an external pump laser pulse with a time resolution of better than 60 fs rms.
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| 14. |
- Cloutier, B. Tessier, et al.
(författare)
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Breast Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0232 .- 0030-2414. ; 85:2, s. 117-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Evidence points to a decreased breast cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We analyzed data from a large multisite SLE cohort, linked to cancer registries. Methods: Information on age, SLE duration, cancer date, and histology was available. We analyzed information on histological type and performed multivariate logistic regression analyses of histological types according to age, SLE duration, and calendar year. Results: We studied 180 breast cancers in the SLE cohort. Of the 155 cases with histology information, 11 were referred to simply as 'carcinoma not otherwise specified'. In the remaining 144 breast cancers, the most common histological type was ductal carcinoma (n = 95; 66%) followed by lobular adenocarcinoma (n = 11; 8%), 15 cancers were of mixed histology, and the remaining ones were special types. In our regression analyses, the independent risk factors for lobular versus ductal carcinoma was age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.01-1.14] and for the 'special' subtypes it was age (OR 1.06, 95% Cl 1.01-1.10) and SLE duration (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11). Conclusions: Generally, up to 80% of breast cancers are ductal carcinomas. Though our results are not definitive, in the breast cancers that occur in SLE, there may be a slight decrease in the ductal histological type. In our analyses, age and SLE duration were independent predictors of histological status. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Enquist, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Large acoustic transients induced by non-thermal melting of InSb
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have observed large-amplitude strain waves following a rapid change in density of InSb due to nonthermal melting. The strain has been measured in real time via time-resolved x-ray diffraction, with a temporal resolution better than 2 ps. The change from the solid to liquid density of the surface layer launches a high-amplitude strain wave into the crystalline material below. This induces an effective plane rotation in the asymmetrically cut crystal leading to deflection of the diffracted beam. The uniform strain in the layer below the molten layer is 2.0(±0.2)%. A strain of this magnitude develops within 5 ps of the incident pulse showing that the liquid has reached the equilibrium density within this time frame. Both the strain amplitude and the depth of the strained material in the solid can be explained by assuming a reduction in the speed of sound in the nonequilibrium liquid compared to measured equilibrium values.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of long distance wakes of Horns Rev I using actuator disc approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 555:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wake recovery behind the Horns Rev wind farm is analysed to investigate the applicability of Large Eddy Simulations (LES) in combination with an actuator disc method (ACD) for farm to farm interaction studies. Periodic boundary conditions on the lateral boundaries are used to model the wind farm (as infinitely wide), using only two columns of turbines. The meteorological conditions of the site are taken into account by introducing wind shear and pre-generated synthetic turbulence to the simulation domain using body forces. Simulations are carried out to study the power production and the velocity deficit in the farm wake. The results are compared to the actual power production as well as to wind measurements at 2 km and 6 km behind the wind farm. The simulated power production inside the farm shows an overall good correlation with the real production, but is slightly overpredicted in the most downstream rows. The simulations overpredict the wake recovery, namely the wind velocity, at long distances behind the farm. Further studies are needed before the presented method can be applied for the simulation of long distance wakes. Suggested parameters to be studied are the development of the turbulence downstream in the domain and the impact of the grid resolution.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Gaffney, K J, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of structural anisotropy and the onset of liquidlike motion during the nonthermal melting of InSb
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 95:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The melting dynamics of laser excited InSb have been studied with femtosecond x-ray diffraction. These measurements observe the delayed onset of diffusive atomic motion, signaling the appearance of liquidlike dynamics. They also demonstrate that the root-mean-squared displacement in the [111] direction increases faster than in the [110] direction after the first 500 fs. This structural anisotropy indicates that the initially generated fluid differs significantly from the equilibrium liquid.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gusarova, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an endogenous inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase that modulates lipid levels, coronary atherosclerosis risk, and nutrient partitioning. We hypothesize that loss of ANGPTL4 function might improve glucose homeostasis and decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigate protein-altering variants in ANGPTL4 among 58,124 participants in the DiscovEHR human genetics study, with follow-up studies in 82,766 T2D cases and 498,761 controls. Carriers of p.E40K, a variant that abolishes ANGPTL4 ability to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, have lower odds of T2D (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.92, p = 6.3 × 10-10), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hansen, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Long term (13 years) prognosis after primary intracerebral haemorrhage: a prospective population based study of long term mortality, prognostic factors and causes of death.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 1468-330X .- 0022-3050. ; 84:10, s. 1150-1155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Many studies have focused on short term mortality after primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) whereas long term prognosis and causes of death have been less studied. We therefore examined these issues in a population based cohort of 1 year ICH survivors. METHODS: ICH patients in a defined Swedish population (1.14 million inhabitants) were prospectively registered during 1996. Patients surviving 1 year after ICH onset were followed-up regarding survival status and cause of death until December 2009 using data from the National Census Office and the National Cause of Death Register. Patient prognosis was also compared with the general population using official Swedish mortality data. Clinical and radiological prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 323 patients with ICH, 172 (53%) survived after 1 year, 127 (39%) after 5 years and 57 (18%) after 13 years. Mortality of the 172, 1 year survivors (mean age 67.7 years at ICH) persistently exceeded expected mortality; 13 years post ictus survival was only 34% compared with 61% in the general population. Of 115 deaths among the 172, 1 year survivors, 36% were from cerebrovascular disease and 19% from ischaemic heart disease. Independent risk factors for death among 1 year survivors were age (HR 1.08 per year; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10; p<0.001), diabetes mellitus at baseline (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.74; p=0.012) and anticoagulant therapy (HR 1.99; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.53; p=0.018) at ICH onset. CONCLUSIONS: One year survivors after ICH had a substantial and persisting excess mortality compared with the general population. Major causes of death were stroke and ischaemic heart disease.
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| 24. |
- Hansen, N. L., et al.
(författare)
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Optimising the number of cores for magnetic resonance imaging-guided targeted and systematic transperineal prostate biopsy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bju International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 125:2, s. 260-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To assess cancer detection rates of different target-dependent transperineal magnetic resonance (MR)/ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided biopsy templates with reduced number of systematic cores. Patients and Methods Single-centre outcome of transperineal MR/US fusion-guided biopsies of 487 men with a single target MR imaging (MRI) lesion, prospectively collected between 2012 and 2016. All men underwent transperineal targeted biopsy (TB) with two cores, followed by 18-24 systematic sector biopsies (SB) using the Ginsburg protocol. Gleason score >= 7 prostate cancer detection rates for two-core TB, four-core extended TB (eTB), 10- to 20-core saturation TB (sTB) including cores from sectors adjacent to the target, and 14 core ipsilateral TB (iTB) were compared to combined TB+SB. Results Cancer was detected in 345 men and Gleason score 7-10 cancer in 211 men. TB alone detected 67%, eTB 76%, sTB 91% and iTB 91% of these Gleason score 7-10 cancers. In the subgroup of 33 men (7% of cohort) with an anterior >0.5 mL highly suspicious MRI lesion and a prostate volume <= 45 mL, four-core eTB detected 31 of 32 cancers (97%) and all 26 Gleason score 7-10 cancers. Conclusion sTB detected Gleason score 7-10 cancer in 25% more of the men than a two-core TB approach, and in almost as many men (91%) as the 20-26-core combined TB+SB, while needing only 10-20 cores. A four-core extended TB may suffice for large, highly suspicious anterior lesions in small or slightly enlarged prostates.
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| 25. |
- Hansen, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Förslag till indikatorer för att beskriva företags och branschers miljöprestanda
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IVL, IVF, IMT och SIK har tagit fram förslag till indikatorer och miljönyckeltal för att beskriva företags och branschers miljöprestanda på ett relevant och objektivt sätt. Metoden har tillämpats på branscherna verkstadsindustri, livsmedelsindustrin och grafisk mediebransch. Denna rapport har som syfte att uppnå följande delmål i projektet: Genomgång av egna och andra aktörers tidigare genomförda studier på området. Framtagning av en preliminär uppsättning näringslivsgemensamma indikatorer och nyckeltal. Inventering av miljöstatistik och datasättning av nyckeltal för de tre branscherna. Jämförelse mellan föreslagna näringslivsgemensamma miljönyckeltal baserade på statistik och motsvarande nyckeltal baserade på tidigare genomförda branschprojekt och fallstudier. De föreslagna nyckeltalen är uppbyggda som en kvot där täljaren består av ett miljörelaterat mått och nämnaren av ett nyttorelaterat mått. Ca 40 miljöpåverkansmått har tagits fram som förslag till de näringslivsgemensamma nyckeltalen. Som nyttomål har omsättning, förädlingsvärde och antal arbetade timmar valts ut.
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| 26. |
- Hansen, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Miljönyckeltal för den Grafiska Mediebranchen
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IVL och IMT har tillsammans med fyra grafiska företag tagit fram rekommendationer om branschgemensamma miljönyckeltal. Syftet är att ge grafiska medieföretag ett kraftfullt och trovärdigt verktyg för att följa upp det interna miljöarbetet och externt kunna påvisa och redovisa miljöförbättringar. Framtagandet av betydande miljöaspekter och branschgemensamma nyckeltal som behandlar dessa aspekter har gjorts genom: 1. Litteraturstudie av tidigare utförda miljöbelastningsutredningar inom branschen. 2. Detaljerad inventering av respektive projektföretags miljöbelastning och nytta. 3. Beräkning och analys av miljönyckeltal för projektföretagen utifrån all inventeringsdata. 4. Regelbundna diskussioner i projektgruppen med delresultat, nationella miljömål, möjligheter för små och medelstora företag, etc som grund. I rapporten presenteras de rekommenderade miljönyckeltalen som en kvot med ett miljöbelastningsmått som täljare och ett mått på nytta som nämnare. 13 miljömått och två nyttomått har valts ut. Som bilaga finns en manual, som möjliggör beräkning av nyckeltalen för det egna företaget.
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| 27. |
- Hansen, Ola
(författare)
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Propylenglykoletrar som avfettningsmedel
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Propylenglykoletrar, PGE, har förts fram som ett alternativ till tri i avfettningssammanhang. PGE är färglösa vätskor som är lösliga i både vatten och diverse organiska lösningsmedel. De har en söt eterliknande lukt och är relativt svårflyktiga. Undersökningen visar att PGE är ett bra alternativ i de fall där vattenbaserad avfettning inte går att använda och att arbetsmiljöriskerna samt de yttre miljöriskerna vid användning är relativt små. I undersökningen besöktes sammanlagt fem företag som använde PGE till rengöring (fyra av dessa hade tidigare använt tri). Vid besöken studerades anläggningar och arbetssätt. Luftexponeringsmätningar och intervjuer genomfördes. Komponenterna som rengjordes doppades i bad eller sprayades med PGE och torkades sedan med luft. Flera företag regenererade PGE-lösningar genom filtrering eller destillation. De avfettade komponenterna bestod främst av olika sorters metall men även av andra material.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Harbst, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of resolidification of non-thermally molten InSb using time-resolved X-ray diffraction
- 2005
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Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS A: MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-8396 .- 1432-0630. ; 81:5, s. 893-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used time-resolved X-ray diffraction to monitor the resolidification process of molten InSb. Melting was induced by an ultra-short laser pulse and the measurement conducted in a high-repetition-rate multishot experiment. The method gives direct information about the nature of the transient regrowth and permanently damaged layers. It does not rely on models based on surface reflectivity or second harmonic generation (SHG). The measured resolidification process has been modeled with a 1-D thermodynamic heat-conduction model. Important parameters like sample temperature, melting depth and amorphous surface layer thickness come directly out of the data, while mosaicity of the sample and free carrier density can be quantified by comparing with models. Melt depths up to 80 nm have been observed and regrowth velocities in the range 2-8 m/s have been measured.
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| 31. |
- Kimby, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term molecular remissions in patients with indolent lymphoma treated with rituximab as a single agent or in combination with interferon alpha-2a : a randomized phase II study from the Nordic Lymphoma Group
- 2008
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 49:1, s. 102-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this phase II randomized trial was to evaluate the effect and safety of interferon-alpha2a (IFN) in combination with extended dosing rituximab in patients with symptomatic, advanced indolent lymphoma responding to a standard single course of rituximab. Totally 123 patients were treated with rituximab 375 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks leading to 14 complete response (CR; 11%), 56 partial response (PR; 46%), and 13 minor responses (MR; 11%). Patients achieving either PR or MR were randomized to four more infusions of rituximab alone (n = 36) or in combination with five weeks of IFN (n = 33), with an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 78% and 94%, respectively. Significantly more patients in the combination arm improved their response from PR/MR to CR (P < 0.05) and more maintained their responses for > or = 24 months (72% versus 50%), respectively. Overall, 26 out of the 52 patients who achieved CR underwent minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation. Totally 17 of these (65%) achieved MRD negativity, 14 of whom remain in CR after 4.8 years' follow-up. The addition of IFN to rituximab was generally safe, but reversible thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were noted in one and six patients, respectively, requiring a reduction in the IFN dose. Extended rituximab is effective and well tolerated and combination with IFN seems to improve both the quality and duration of the responses, providing the opportunity to achieve long-term molecular CRs and prolonged failure-free survival without chemotherapy.
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| 32. |
- Labit, B., et al.
(författare)
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Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (ne,sep/nG ∼ 0.3), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened.
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and challenges using short-pulse X-ray sources.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Second International Conference on Photo-Induced Phase Transitions: Cooperative, Nonlinear and Functional Properties. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 21, s. 87-94
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free-electron lasers will change the way we carry out time-resolved X-ray experiments. At present date, we use laser-produced plasma sources or synchrotron radiation. Laser-produced plasma sources have short pulses, but unfortunately large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations and large divergence. Synchrotron radiation from third generation source provide collimated and stable beams, but unfortunately long pulses. This means that either the time-resolution is limited to 100 ps or rather complex set-ups involving slicing or streak cameras are needed. Hard X-ray free-electron lasers will combine the best properties of present-day sources and increase the number of photons by many orders of magnitude. Already today, a precursor to the free-electron lasers has been built at Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC). The Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS) has already shown the opportunities and challenges of using short-pulse X-ray sources.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Sara Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Hyper high haemoglobin content in red blood cells and erythropoietic transitions postnatally in infants of 22 to 26 weeks' gestation: a prospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition. - 1468-2052. ; 108:6, s. 612-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Blood cell populations, including red blood cells (RBC) unique to the extremely preterm (EPT) infant, are potentially lost due to frequent clinical blood sampling during neonatal intensive care. Currently, neonatal RBC population heterogeneity is not described by measurement of total haemoglobin or haematocrit. We therefore aimed to describe a subpopulation of large RBCs with hyper high haemoglobin content, >49 pg (Hyper-He) following EPT birth.Design Prospective observational cohort study.Setting Two Swedish study centres.Participants Infants (n=62) born between gestational weeks 22+0 to 26+6.Methods Prospective data (n=280) were collected from March 2020 to September 2022 as part of an ongoing randomised controlled trial. Blood was sampled from the umbilical cord, at postnatal day 1–14, 1 month, 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age and at 3 months’ corrected age.Results At birth, there was a considerable inter-individual variation; Hyper-He ranging from 1.5% to 24.9% (median 7.0%). An inverse association with birth weight and gestational age was observed; Spearman’s rho (CI) −0.38 (−0.63 to −0.07) and −0.39 (−0.65 to −0.05), respectively. Overall, Hyper-He rapidly decreased, only 0.6%–5.0% (median 2.2%) remaining 2 weeks postnatally. Adult levels (Conclusion Our results point to gestational age and birth weight-dependent properties of the RBC population. Future work needs to verify results by different measurement techniques and elucidate the potential role of differing properties between endogenous and transfused RBCs in relation to neonatal morbidities during this important time frame of child development.Trial registration number NCT04239690.
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| 35. |
- Nielsen, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Prescription patterns and predictors of unmet pain relief in patients with difficult-to-treat osteoarthritis in the Nordics: analyses from the BISCUITS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 23:1, s. 149-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Pain is the most important symptom in OA, driving medical care, disability, reduced functionality, and decreased quality of life. The objective of this study was to describe prescription patterns of difficulttotreat OA and explore possible predictors of unmet pain relief in Nordic patients. Methods: This observational cohort study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OA (index date) in specialty care in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 who were followed for up to 5 years. Four subgroups were pre-defined to characterize difficult-to-treat OA: (1) >= 2 chronic comorbidities in the 3-year pre-index period; (2) top 10% of healthcare resource users, 1-year post-index; (3) >= 3 types of prescription pain medications during pre-index period to first year post-index, with >= 30 days between types; (4) having a contraindication to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Patient characteristics, prescription patterns and predictors of unmet pain relief (defined as persistent opioid use, using several types of opioids or long-term NSAID use) were analyzed. Results: We identified 288,174 OA patients and the average age was 63.5 years at time of diagnosis and 58% of them were female. After 5 years, 35-50% of the patients defined as 'difficult-to-treat' had >= 1 prescription of opioids, compared to 20-25% of all OA patients (p-value <0.05). Comorbidities and disability pension were strong predictors of unmet pain relief (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: This study shows a substantial use of pain medications (NSAID and opioids) in difficult-to-treat OA patients. These findings suggest that pain may be inadequately managed in a considerable number of patients with OA, particularly those with contraindications to an NSAID. A high comorbid and socioeconomic burden are relevant risk factors among patients who continue to use opioids for a long period of time.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nordlund, Arto, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Episodic memory and speed/attention deficits are associated with Alzheimer-typical CSF abnormalities in MCI
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177. ; 14:4, s. 582-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as the prodromal stage of dementia disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To compare the neuropsychological profiles of MCI subjects with normal concentrations of total tau (T-τ) and Aβ42 in CSF (MCI-norm) to MCI subjects with deviating concentrations of the biomarkers (MCI-dev). MCI-norm (N = 73) and MCI-dev (N = 73) subjects were compared to normal controls (N = 50) on tests of speed/attention, memory, visuospatial function, language and executive function. Results: MCI-norm performed overall better than MCI-dev, specifically on tests of speed and attention and episodic memory. When MCI-dev subjects were subclassified into those with only high T-tau (MCI-tau), only low Aβ42 (MCI-Aβ) and both high T-tau and low Aβ42 (MCI-tauAβ), MCI-tauAβ tended to perform slightly worse. MCI-tau and MCI-Aβ performed quite similarly. Conclusions: Considering the neuropsychological differences, many MCI-norm probably had more benign forms of MCI, or early non-AD forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Although most MCI-dev performed clearly worse than MCI-norm on the neuropsychological battery, some did not show any deficits when compared to age norms. A combination of CSF analyses and neuropsychology could be a step toward a more exact diagnosis of MCI as prodromal AD.
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| 38. |
- Nordlund, Arto, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Two year outcome of MCI subtypes and aetiologies in the Goteborg MCI study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 1468-330X .- 0022-3050. ; 81:5, s. 541-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to study the two year outcome of subjects diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Two hundred and nine subjects diagnosed with MCI were examined with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and followed up after two years. After two years 34 subjects (16%) were lost for follow-up. Those subjects did not differ significantly in terms of MCI subclassification, MMSE score or age and education. Of the 175 subjects followed up, 8 (4.5%) had improved to normal, two with amnestic MCI, one from multiple domains MCI, three with single domain MCI and two without any significant impairment at baseline. Forty-four subjects (25%) had progressed to dementia. Out of these 35 were from the multidomain amnestic group and 9 from the multidomain non-amnestic group. The combination of Alzheimer-typical biomarkers (total-tau and amyloid beta) and multidomain amnestic MCI was the strongest predictor of progression to Alzheimer's disease, while vascular disease and multidomain amnestic MCI preceded mixed and vascular dementia. The results suggest that memory impairment alone, or impairment in any one cognitive domain alone, are rather benign conditions. Impairment in several cognitive domains is associated with a more severe outcome over two years. Also, 20% of the subjects who progressed to dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, did not show memory impairment at baseline, which suggests that memory impairment is not always the first symptom of even the most common dementia disorders.
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| 39. |
- Palm, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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In situ neutron diffraction of NaAlD4/carbon black composites during decomposition/deuteration cycles and the effect of carbon on phase segregation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 47:80, s. 34195-34204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence on the decomposition and reforming of the hydrogen storage material NaAlH4 by adding relatively low amounts of mesoporous carbon black is investigated with in situ diffraction. A 60:40 NaAlH4/carbon black composite is prepared via ball milling and characterised ex situ via X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption, temperature-programmed decomposition, and dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycling methods. The prepared composite is deuterated, and the crystalline phase composition is determined with in situ neutron powder diffraction method during multiple decomposition/deuteration cycles. Changes in the crystalline phase composition start slightly below the melting temperature of the pristine alanate, whereas the release of deuterium starts at considerably lower temperatures. The decomposition of Na3AlD6 to NaD is almost completely reversible at the applied low deuterium pressures of >= 2 MPa. Thus, the strong effect of even low concen-trations of a mesoporous carbon black on the capability to store H2 reversibly is showcased and analysed in-depth.
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| 40. |
- Persson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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A combinatory antibody-antigen microarray assay for high-content screening of single-chain fragment variable clones from recombinant libraries
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a combinatory antibody-antigen microarray for direct screening of multiple single-chain fragment variable (scFv) clones with no need for pre-purification or enrichment before screening. The straightforward workflow allows for early selection of binders to predefined peptide and glycopeptide targets. A capture antibody is contact printed on microarray slides, side by side with the antigens of interest. A large number of scFv clones, in supernatants, are printed on top of the capture antibody and the antigen in a "spot-on-spot" print. The printed scFv clones, which bind to the capture antibody, are detected using biotinylated antigen, while the binding of scFv clones to the printed antigen is detected through a mouse anti-tag antibody. Two different analyses are thus performed on the same slide, generating two kinds of information: one on the ability of an individual scFv clone to bind to the soluble form of the antigen, which may favour selection for higher affinity rather than avidity, while the other allows the identification of large numbers of clones, simultaneously, due to the binding of scFv clones to densely presented antigens, thus providing an overall increased hit rate. The functionality of the new screening approach was illustrated through the generation of antibodies against peptides from the chaperone complex Ku70/Ku80 and the GalNAcαserine/threonine epitope on the IgA1 alpha chain hinge region. In total, 659 scFv clones were screened with a hit rate of approximately 20%. This approach allowed the identification of functional antibodies in both cases, illustrating the usefulness and capacity of this combinatory microarray screening technique for efficient analysis and validation of antibodies at an early stage of antibody generation.
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| 41. |
- Persson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Epitope mapping of a new anti-Tn antibody detecting gastric cancer cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 27:7, s. 635-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we introduce a novel scFv antibody, G2-D11, specific for two adjacent Tn-antigens (GalNAc- Ser/Thr) binding equally to three dimeric forms of the epitope, Ser-Thr, Thr-Thr and Thr-Ser. Compared to other anti-Tn reagents, the binding of G2-D11 is minimally influenced by the peptide structure, which indicates a high degree of carbohydrate epitope dominance and a low influence from the protein backbone. With a high affinity (KDapp = 1.3 × 10-8 M) and no cross-reactivity to either sialyl-Tn epitope or blood group A antigens, scFv G2-D11 is an excellent candidate for a well-defined anti-Tn-antigen reagent. Detailed immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue sections from a cohort of 80 patients with gastric carcinoma showed in all cases positive tumor cells. The observed staining was localized to the cytoplasm and in some cases to the membrane, whereas the surrounding tissue was completely negative demonstrating the usefulness of the novel Tn-antigen binding antibody.
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| 42. |
- Rolstad, Sindre, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish National Adult Reading Test (NART-SWE): a test of premorbid IQ.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 49:6, s. 577-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to construct a Swedish version of the National Adult Reading Test (NART-SWE), a test for assessment of premorbid IQ, and to investigate its validity and reliability on healthy controls and patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. As Swedish pronunciation rules are fixed, NART-SWE was constructed using loan words. NART-SWE has satisfactory psychometric properties: Inter-rater and retest reliability as well as internal consistency are very high. The NART-SWE demonstrates face validity. In addition, high correlation with IQ was obtained. A significant model emerged when using NART-SWE to predict IQ. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed when comparing performance for healthy controls' with that of patients with Alzheimer's disease on NART-SWE. It does appear that reading of irregular words is intact in mild Alzheimer's disease.
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| 43. |
- Rutherford, Diane M, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and identification from Salvia officinalis of two diterpenes which inhibit t-butylbicyclophosphoro[35S]thionate binding to chloride channel of rat cerebrocortical membranes in vitro
- 1992
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 135:2, s. 224-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethanolic extracts from dried leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis) showed inhibition of [35S]tertiary-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding to rat brain membranes in vitro. This ligand is considered to bind to the chloride channel of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in brain tissue. Substances having inhibitory activity were purified and their chemical structure identified as the diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol (IC50 values of 33 +/- 3 microM and 57 +/- 4 microM, respectively). The two compounds did not affect binding of the ligands [3H]muscimol and [3H]diazepam to the GABA/benzodiazepine complex in vitro. Saturation experiments of [35S]TBPS binding indicated that carnosic acid decreases the binding affinity.
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| 44. |
- Rydberg, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Transition-State Docking of Flunitrazepam and Progesterone in Cytochrome P450
- 2008
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Ingår i: J.Chem.Theory Comput.. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; 4, s. 673-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a method to dock a transition-state structure into the active site of an enzyme. Such an approach is more discriminative than standard docking when looking for substrates of an enzyme, because a transition state has more sterical restrictions than a nonreactive state. We use an accurate and tailored force field for the transition-state for the hydroxylation reaction in cytochrome P450, obtained with the Q2MM method. We apply this method to the docking of two drugs, progesterone and flunitrazepam, to the active sites of two human cytochromes P450, 2C9 and 3A4. We obtain a qualitative agreement compared to experiments, both for hydrogen atoms bound to the same carbon atom (for which the force-field energies are directly comparable) and for general sites on the drug molecules, if the method is combined with an estimate of the intrinsic reactivity of the various sites. However, the method does not rank all the sites correctly. It is not significantly improved if the proteins are allowed to relax locally or if it is combined with the MM/PBSA approach, which fully accounts for the protein flexibility and explicitly treats solvation and entropy effects. On the other hand our method performs better than standard docking with the GOLD software or predictions of metabolic sites with the MetaSite software.
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| 45. |
- Sagelv, Edvard H, et al.
(författare)
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Device-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of all-cause mortality : an individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 57:22, s. 1457-1463
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) modifies the association between sedentary time and mortality and vice versa, and estimate the joint associations of MVPA and sedentary time on mortality risk.Methods: This study involved individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies (Norway, Sweden, USA, baseline: 2003-2016, 11 989 participants ≥50 years, 50.5% women) with hip-accelerometry-measured physical activity and sedentary time. Associations were examined using restricted cubic splines and fractional polynomials in Cox regressions adjusted for sex, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, study cohort, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and/or diabetes, accelerometry wear time and age.Results: 6.7% (n=805) died during follow-up (median 5.2 years, IQR 4.2 years). More than 12 daily sedentary hours (reference 8 hours) was associated with mortality risk only among those accumulating <22 min of MVPA per day (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74). Higher MVPA levels were associated with lower mortality risk irrespective of sedentary time, for example, HR for 10 versus 0 daily min of MVPA was 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.96) in those accumulating <10.5 daily sedentary hours and 0.65 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.79) in those accumulating ≥10.5 daily sedentary hours. Joint association analyses confirmed that higher MVPA was superior to lower sedentary time in lowering mortality risk, for example, 10 versus 0 daily min of MVPA was associated with 28-55% lower mortality risk across the sedentary time spectrum (lowest risk, 10 daily sedentary hours: HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.65).Conclusions: Sedentary time was associated with higher mortality risk but only in individuals accumulating less than 22 min of MVPA per day. Higher MVPA levels were associated with lower mortality risk irrespective of the amount of sedentary time.
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| 46. |
- Schepman, P., et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis: analyses from the BISCUITS study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 23:1, s. 139-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Osteoarthritis can have a profound effect on patients' quality of life. The Burden of Disease and Management of Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain: Health Care Utilization and Sick Leave in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark (BISCUITS) study aimed to describe the impact of osteoarthritis on quality of life and determine the association with factors such as pain severity and pharmacological treatment. Methods: An observational study was performed with a cross-sectional design including patients with a confirmed osteoarthritis diagnosis enrolled in the National Quality Register for Better management of patients with Osteoarthritis (BOA) between 2016 and 2017 in Sweden. Patient-reported information from BOA was linked to administrative data from three national health registers. The impact of osteoarthritis on quality of life was estimated using the EQ-5D-5L and the first developed experienced-based time-trade-off value set for Sweden to calculate the EQ-5D-5L index scores. EQ-5D-3L index scores were also estimated based on a UK hypothetical value set via a crosswalk method. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to analyse the association between quality of life and potential influencing factors. Results: For the 34,254 patients evaluated, mean EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.792 (SD 0.126). Stratifications showed that the index score varied across different levels of pain severity. Increased pain severity and use of pain-relieving medications remained significantly associated with a lower quality of life index score when controlled for potential confounders. The mean EQ-5D-3L index score was 0.605 (SD 0.192). Conclusions: This large population-based study from Sweden highlights the substantial impact of osteoarthritis on quality of life amongst different patient groups and that currently available treatment options for osteoarthritis pain do not appropriately address the needs for many osteoarthritis patients.
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| 47. |
- Sondhauss, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Metal-like heat conduction in laser-excited InSb probed by picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121. ; 78:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A semiconductor (InSb) showed transient metal- like heat conduction after excitation of a dense electron- hole plasma via short and intense light pulses. A related ultrafast strain relaxation was detected using picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The deduced heat conduction was, by a factor of 30, larger than the lattice contribution. The anomalously high heat conduction can be explained once the contribution from the degenerate photocarrier plasma is taken into account. The magnitude of the effect could provide the means for guiding heat in semiconductor nanostructures. In the course of this work, a quantitative model for the carrier dynamics in laser-irradiated semiconductors has been developed, which does not rely on any adjustable parameters or ad hoc assumptions. The model includes various light absorption processes (interband, free carrier, two photon, and dynamical Burstein- Moss shifts), ambipolar diffusion, energy transport (heat and chemical potential), electrothermal effects, Auger recombination, collisional excitation, and scattering (elastic and inelastic). The model accounts for arbitrary degrees of degeneracy.
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| 48. |
- Storesund, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of fire in Stavanger airport car park 7 January 2020
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is commissioned by the Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection (DSB) and the Norwegian Building Authority (DiBK). RISE Fire Research has been commissioned to evaluate the fire in the multi-storey car park at Stavanger airport Sola on the 7th January 2020. The aim is to promote learning points for public benefit with regard to the extent of the fire, regulations, extinguishing efforts, structural design, effects on the environment and the role of electric vehicles in the fire development. Information has been collected via interviews, on-site inspection, contact with stakeholders, review of relevant regulations, documents and literature. Design of the building: Active, passive and organizational fire protection measures have been evaluated. In our opinion, the multi-storey car park should have been placed in Fire class 4 (“brannklasse 4”), since it was adjacent to important infrastructure for society. The fire design documentation for building stages B and C has shortcomings in terms of assessment of sectioning, installation of fire alarm or extinguishing systems, as well as assessment of the fire resistance of the loadbearing structure. There are a number of inconsistencies that indicate that the fire risk has not been fully mapped and assessed in connection with the preparation of the fire designs. Regulations: No deficiencies were found in the regulations relevant to this incident. Small adjustments in wording between different editions of regulations (e.g. guidance for technical regulations) can have a major impact on how the regulations should be interpreted. It is important that the authorities highlight such changes and that the fire consultant who develop a fire engineering concept avoid uncritical reuse of content from older fire concepts. Handling of the incident: How the fire service and other parties handled the incident during the emergency phase has been evaluated, and learning points have been identified for the following areas (details in section 7.3): The basis for creating national learning after major events, action plans, exercise and training, collaboration and common situational understanding, management tools, call-out, information sharing and initial situation report, immediate measures, the goal of the effort and tactical plan, organization of the site, communication and collaboration, logistics and depots, as well as handling uncertainties and follow-up. Electric vehicles: Water analyses of selected metals relevant for batteries in electric vehicles did not show any lithium, and only low concentrations of cobalt. This indicates that batteries in electric vehicles did not contribute to pollution of nearby water resources. Observations during the fire indicate that electric vehicles did not contribute to the fire development beyond what is expected from conventional vehicles. Further technical studies of the batteries from the burned electric and hybrid vehicles are necessary to evaluate whether batteries from electric vehicles were involved in the fire.Environmental impact, extinguishing foam: During the incident, a lot of extinguishing foam was used, but this led to a limited environmental impact. The extinguishing foam was found not to add substantial amounts of PFAS during the extinguishing efforts. Analyses conducted by COWI still show PFAS content in all water samples, which is linked to previous emissions. Oxygen depletion as a result of release of extinguishing foam is considered to have led to local toxic effects on the aquatic environment, but not a general negative effect on the sea life in Solavika. There is a need for stronger awareness of, and focus on the use of, extinguishing foams and logging of the amount of foam used. Here one may learn from Sweden. Environmental impact, smoke: Smoke from the fire was mainly not driven in the direction of the terminal buildings, and during the first period only in the direction of areas with low population density. The fire smoke affected the evacuation of a nearby hotel. Eventually, the wind turned in the direction of areas with higher population density, and a population warning was sent out. Based on few health consultations (11 at the emergency room and 2 in hospital), as well as the municipality’s assessment of the incident, it is assumed that the fire smoke had limited health consequences for neighbours. The smoke content has not been analyzed. Finally; learning points from evaluation of the fire are relevant for many stakeholders, such as the fire service, authorities, construction design, for the owner and for research in the field.
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| 49. |
- Svenonius, Ola, 1979-
(författare)
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Sensitising Urban Transport Security : Surveillance and Policing in Berlin, Stockholm, and Warsaw
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The city as a focal point of both domestic and international security policy is characteristic of the 21st century security landscape in Europe. Amidst the 'War on Terror' and the pan-European battle against organised crime, the city is the location where global processes are actually taking place. Urban security is the local policy response both to such global threats as terrorism and local ones, such as violent crime. Public transport systems in particular came under threat after the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005. This doctoral thesis studies security policy in three public transport systems – Berlin, Stockholm, and Warsaw – from a comparative perspective focusing on the conditions that made new and very specific understandings of security possible.The study argues that urban transport security has undergone radical changes during the last ten years. While transport authorities and the police used to conceive security as related solely to crime rates, today the focus of security practices consists of passengers' perceptions. The study shows how this shift is paralleled by a new discourse of 'security as emotion', and how it came into being. It concentrates specifically on the central role that surveillance and private policing assumes as the security policy shifts objectives to the inner life of the passengers. Today, complex governance networks of both public and private actors manage security in the three cities. The analysis shows how passengers are constructed in the urban security policy as children, consumers, and citizens. These different 'roles' constitute the passenger in the eye of urban security governance characterised by technocracy, 'friendly security', and individual responsibility. The introduction of new governance models for public administration, the legacy of European communist regimes, and rising fear of crime are central conditions for this new, sensitised urban transport security.
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| 50. |
- Synnergren, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent Phonon Control
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trains of ultrashort laser pulses have been used to generate and to coherently control acoustic phonons in bulk InSb. The coherent acoustic phonons have been probed via time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The authors show that phonons of a particular frequency can either be enhanced or canceled. They have carried out simulations to understand the size of the effects and the levels of cancellation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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