| 1. |
- Aust, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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The Danish national return-to-work program - aims, content, and design of the process and effect evaluation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 38:2, s. 120-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Danish national return-to-work (RTW) program aims to improve the management of municipal sickness benefit in Denmark. A study is currently ongoing to evaluate the RTW program. The purpose of this article is to describe the study protocol. The program includes 21 municipalities encompassing approximately 19 500 working-age adults on long-term sickness absence, regardless of reason for sickness absence or employment status. It consists of three core elements: (i) establishment of multidisciplinary RTW teams, (ii) introduction of standardized workability assessments and sickness absence management procedures, and (iii) a comprehensive training course for the RTW teams. The effect evaluation is based on a parallel group randomized trial and a stratified cluster-controlled trial and focuses on register-based primary outcomes-duration of sickness absence and RTW and questionnaire-based secondary outcomes such as health and workability. The process evaluation utilizes questionnaires, interviews, and municipal data. The effect evaluation tests whether participants in the intervention have a (i) shorter duration of full-time sickness absence, (ii) longer time until recurrent long-term sickness absence, (iii) faster full RTW, (iv) more positive development in health, workability, pain, and sleep; it also tests whether the program is (v) cost-effective. The process evaluation investigates: (i) whether the expected target population is reached; (ii) if the program is implemented as intended; (iii) how the beneficiaries, the RTW teams, and the external stakeholders experience the program; and (iv) whether contextual factors influenced the implementation. The program has the potential to contribute markedly to lowering human and economic costs and increasing labor force supply. First results will be available in 2013. The trial registrations are ISRCTN43004323, and ISRCTN51445682.
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| 2. |
- Beaumont, Robin N, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of placental weight identifies distinct and shared genetic influences between placental and fetal growth.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 55:11, s. 1807-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-functioning placenta is essential for fetal and maternal health throughout pregnancy. Using placental weight as a proxy for placental growth, we report genome-wide association analyses in the fetal (n=65,405), maternal (n=61,228) and paternal (n=52,392) genomes, yielding 40 independent association signals. Twenty-six signals are classified as fetal, four maternal and three fetal and maternal. A maternal parent-of-origin effect is seen near KCNQ1. Genetic correlation and colocalization analyses reveal overlap with birth weight genetics, but 12 loci are classified as predominantly or only affecting placental weight, with connections to placental development and morphology, and transport of antibodies and amino acids. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that fetal genetically mediated higher placental weight is causally associated with preeclampsia risk and shorter gestational duration. Moreover, these analyses support the role of fetal insulin in regulating placental weight, providing a key link between fetal and placental growth.
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| 3. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorders and Association With Major Depression Polygenic Risk Scores
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 176:8, s. 651-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: More than 90% of people who attempt suicide have a psychiatric diagnosis; however, twin and family studies suggest that the genetic etiology of suicide attempt is partially distinct from that of the psychiatric disorders themselves. The authors present the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on suicide attempt, using cohorts of individuals with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.Methods: The samples comprised 1,622 suicide attempters and 8,786 nonattempters with major depressive disorder; 3,264 attempters and 5,500 nonattempters with bipolar disorder; and 1,683 attempters and 2,946 nonattempters with schizophrenia. A GWAS on suicide attempt was performed by comparing attempters to nonattempters with each disorder, followed by a meta-analysis across disorders. Polygenic risk scoring was used to investigate the genetic relationship between suicide attempt and the psychiatric disorders.Results: Three genome-wide significant loci for suicide attempt were found: one associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder, one associated with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder, and one in the meta-analysis of suicide attempt in mood disorders. These associations were not replicated in independent mood disorder cohorts from the UK Biobank and iPSYCH. No significant associations were found in the meta-analysis of all three disorders. Polygenic risk scores for major depression were significantly associated with suicide attempt in major depressive disorder (R2=0.25%), bipolar disorder (R2=0.24%), and schizophrenia (R2=0.40%).Conclusions: This study provides new information on genetic associations and demonstrates that genetic liability for major depression increases risk for suicide attempt across psychiatric disorders. Further collaborative efforts to increase sample size may help to robustly identify genetic associations and provide biological insights into the etiology of suicide attempt.
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| 4. |
- Oddsson, Asmundur, et al.
(författare)
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Deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals and genetic causes of recessive lethality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genotypes causing pregnancy loss and perinatal mortality are depleted among living individuals and are therefore difficult to find. To explore genetic causes of recessive lethality, we searched for sequence variants with deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals from six European populations. In this study, we identified 25 genes harboring protein-altering sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity (10% or less of predicted homozygotes). Sequence variants in 12 of the genes cause Mendelian disease under a recessive mode of inheritance, two under a dominant mode, but variants in the remaining 11 have not been reported to cause disease. Sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity are over-represented among genes essential for growth of human cell lines and genes orthologous to mouse genes known to affect viability. The function of these genes gives insight into the genetics of intrauterine lethality. We also identified 1077 genes with homozygous predicted loss-of-function genotypes not previously described, bringing the total set of genes completely knocked out in humans to 4785.
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| 5. |
- Skotte, Line, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of febrile seizures implicates fever response and neuronal excitability genes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 145:2, s. 555-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Febrile seizures represent the most common type of pathological brain activity in young children and are influenced by genetic, environmental and developmental factors. In a minority of cases, febrile seizures precede later development of epilepsy. We conducted a genome-wide association study of febrile seizures in 7635 cases and 83 966 controls identifying and replicating seven new loci, all with P < 5 × 10-10. Variants at two loci were functionally related to altered expression of the fever response genes PTGER3 and IL10, and four other loci harboured genes (BSN, ERC2, GABRG2, HERC1) influencing neuronal excitability by regulating neurotransmitter release and binding, vesicular transport or membrane trafficking at the synapse. Four previously reported loci (SCN1A, SCN2A, ANO3 and 12q21.33) were all confirmed. Collectively, the seven novel and four previously reported loci explained 2.8% of the variance in liability to febrile seizures, and the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability based on all common autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms was 10.8%. GABRG2, SCN1A and SCN2A are well-established epilepsy genes and, overall, we found positive genetic correlations with epilepsies (rg = 0.39, P = 1.68 × 10-4). Further, we found that higher polygenic risk scores for febrile seizures were associated with epilepsy and with history of hospital admission for febrile seizures. Finally, we found that polygenic risk of febrile seizures was lower in febrile seizure patients with neuropsychiatric disease compared to febrile seizure patients in a general population sample. In conclusion, this largest genetic investigation of febrile seizures to date implicates central fever response genes as well as genes affecting neuronal excitability, including several known epilepsy genes. Further functional and genetic studies based on these findings will provide important insights into the complex pathophysiological processes of seizures with and without fever.
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| 6. |
- Van Schijndel, Jessica E., et al.
(författare)
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Dual association of a TRKA polymorphism with schizophrenia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Genetics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 21:3, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: An interaction between predisposing genes and environmental stressors is thought to underlie the neurodevelopmental disorder schizophrenia. In a targeted gene screening, we previously found that the minor allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6336 in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (NTRK1/TRKA) gene is associated with schizophrenia as a risk factor.METHODS: We genotyped the TRKA SNP in a total of eight independent Caucasian schizophrenia case-control groups.RESULT: Remarkably, although in five of the groups a higher frequency of the risk allele was indeed found in the patients compared with the controls, in the three other groups the SNP acted as a protective factor.CONCLUSION: An intriguing possibility is that this dual character of the TRKA SNP is caused by its interaction with endophenotypic and/or epistatic factors.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Aamodt, Edvard, et al.
(författare)
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LEARNING FROM FIRE INCIDENTS : Analysis of a devastating fire in a building with municipal housing in Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2022). ; , s. 1156-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an analysis of a fire in a municipal apartment building used as housing for people with challenges connected to drug addiction. The fire took place in Norway 7th of August 2021. The incident happened during the night and the fire was spreading quickly and intensely via the external wooden balconies. The combination of risk factors both connected to the fire development and the characteristics of the occupants raises the potential for fire fatalities. This analysis seeks to understand why the fire spread with such a speed, and how everyone in the building survived without injuries. The analysis identified both technical and human factors that may help to answer these questions. The findings suggest that there were deficiencies connected to the technical fire safety design that if improved could have reduced the fire damage. Factors promoting the fire spread and fire intensity include the choice of wood material used in the construction of the balconies, no sprinkler system installed on the balconies and a large fire load on the balconies caused by the occupants’ tendency to accumulate possessions on the balconies. Factors contributing to the outcome of no injuries or fatalities included occupants being awake during these late hours, and the strong social network between them. Such a network should be seen as a positive factor regarding robustness against fire and should be encouraged.
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| 9. |
- Alhede, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Antiarrhythmic medication is superior to catheter ablation in suppressing supraventricular ectopic complexes in patients with atrial fibrillation
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 244, s. 186-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Supraventricular ectopic complexes (SVEC) originating in the pulmonary veins are known triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF) which led to the development of pulmonary vein isolation for AF. However, the long-term prevalence of SVEC after catheter ablation (CA) as compared to antiarrhythmic medication (AAD) is unknown. Our aims were to compare the prevalence of SVEC after AAD and CA and to estimate the association between baseline SVEC burden and AF burden during 24 months of follow-up. Methods: Patients with paroxysmal AF (N = 260) enrolled in the MANTRA PAF trial were treated with AAD (N = 132) or CA (N = 128). At baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months follow-up patients underwent 7-day Holter monitoring to assess SVEC and AF burden. We compared SVEC burden between treatments with Wilcoxon sum rank test. Results: Patients treated with AAD had significantly lower daily SVEC burden during follow-up as compared to CA (AAD: 19 [6-58] versus CA: 39 [14-125], p = 0.003). SVEC burden increased post-procedurally followed by a decrease after CA whereas after AAD SVEC burden decreased and stabilized after 3 months of follow-up. Patients with low SVEC burden had low AF burden after both treatments albeit this was more pronounced after CA at 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion: AAD was superior to CA in suppressing SVEC burden after treatment of paroxysmal AF. After CA SVEC burden increased immediately post-procedural followed by a decrease whereas after AAD an early decrease was observed. Lower SVEC burden was highly associated with lower AF burden during follow-up especially after CA. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Alhede, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Higher burden of supraventricular ectopic complexes early after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Europace. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 20:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Early identification of patients who could benefit from early re-intervention after catheter ablation is highly warranted. Our aim was to investigate the association between post-procedural burden of supraventricular ectopic complexes (SVEC) and the risk of long-term atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. Methods and results A total of 125 patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF were included. Patients underwent 7-day Holter recordings immediately post-procedural. The number of SVEC in post-procedural Holter recordings was categorized into quartiles: 0-72, 73-212, 213-782 and amp;gt;= 783 SVEC/day. Long-term AF recurrence was defined as a combined endpoint of AF amp;gt;= 1 min during follow-up Holter recordings, cardioversion or hospitalization for AF after a 3-month blanking period and within 24 months of follow-up. High post-procedural supraventricular ectopy burden was associated with an increased risk of long-term AF recurrence in a dose-dependent manner (amp;gt;= 783 SVEC: HR 4.6 [1.9-11.5], P amp;lt; 0.001) irrespective of AF recurrence during the blanking period or other risk factors. In patients with early AF recurrence amp;lt; 90 days after catheter ablation ectopy burden was also highly predictive of long-term AF recurrence (SVEC amp;gt;= 213: HR 3.0 [1.3-6.7], P = 0.007). Correspondingly, patients with early AF recurrence but low ectopy burden remained at low risk of long-term AF recurrence after the blanking period. Conclusion Our results indicate that post-procedural ectopy burden is highly associated with long-term AF recurrence and could be a potent risk marker for selection of patients for early re-ablation. Development of future ablation risk stratification and strategies should include focus on post-procedural ectopy burden.
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| 11. |
- Alhede, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of supraventricular ectopic complexes in different age groups and risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation after antiarrhythmic medication or catheter ablation
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 250, s. 122-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Supraventricular ectopic complexes (SVEC) are known risk factors of recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of SVEC in different age groups is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk of AF recurrence with higher SVEC burden in patients +/- 57 years, respectively, after treatment with antiarrhythmic medication (AAD) or catheter ablation (CA). Methods: In total, 260 patients with LVEF amp;gt;40% and age amp;lt;= 70 years were randomized to AAD (N = 132) or CA (N = 128) as first-line treatment for paroxysmal AF. All patients underwent 7-day Holter monitoring at baseline, and after 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and were categorized according to median age +/- 57 years. We used multi-variate Cox regression analyses and we defined high SVEC burden at 3 months of follow-up as the upper 75th percentile amp;gt;195 SVEC/day. AF recurrence was defined as AF amp;gt;= 1 min, AF-related cardioversion or hospitalization. Results: Age amp;gt;57 years were significantly associated with higher AF recurrence rate after CA (58% vs 36%, p = 0.02). After CA, we observed a higher SVEC burden during follow-up in patients amp;gt;57 years which was not observed in the younger age group treatedwith CA (p = 0.006). High SVEC burden at 3 months after CA was associated with AF recurrence in older patients but not in younger patients (amp;gt;57 years: HR 3.4 [1.4-7.9], p = 0.005). We did not find any age-related differences after AAD. Conclusion: We found that younger and older patients respond differently to CA and that SVEC burden was only associated with AF recurrence in older patients. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Andersen, Michael Styrk, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic stability of long span suspension bridges with low torsional natural frequencies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 120, s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classical flutter of suspended bridge decks can be avoided if the torsional frequencies are lower than the vertical. Wind tunnel tests of single boxes and twin box section models with torsional natural frequencies above and below the vertical frequency has been conducted. Flutter was avoided in all tests where the torsional frequency was lower than the vertical. But too low torsional stiffness caused large static displacements of the girder at medium–high wind speeds and steady state oscillations driven by a combination of torsional divergence and stalling behavior at the critical wind seed. In order to design aerodynamically stable suspension bridges with low torsional natural frequencies it is suggested to increase the mass moment of inertia and provide adequate torsional stiffness by the main cables spacing.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk Straffrättskrönika 1991-2000
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nordisk tidsskrift for kriminalvidenskab. - 0029-1528. ; :1, s. 51-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Aronsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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The cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation as first-line treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation : results from a MANTRA-PAF substudy.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 17:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this prospective substudy was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) compared with antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) as first-line treatment.METHODS AND RESULTS: A decision-analytic Markov model, based on MANTRA-PAF (Medical Antiarrhythmic Treatment or Radiofrequency Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation) study data, was developed to study long-term effects and costs of RFA compared with AADs as first-line treatment. Positive clinical effects were found in the overall population, a gain of an average 0.06 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to an incremental cost of €3033, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €50 570/QALY. However, the result of the subgroup analyses showed that RFA was less costly and more effective in younger patients. This implied an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €3434/QALY in ≤50-year-old patients respectively €108 937/QALY in >50-year-old patients.CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency catheter ablation as first-line treatment is a cost-effective strategy for younger patients with paroxysmal AF. However, the cost-effectiveness of using RFA as first-line therapy in older patients is uncertain, and in most of these AADs should be attempted before RFA (MANTRA-PAF ClinicalTrials.gov number; NCT00133211).
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| 17. |
- Assar, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Gettering in PolySi/SiOx Passivating Contacts Enables Si-Based Tandem Solar Cells with High Thermal and Contamination Resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:12, s. 14342-14358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multijunction solar cells in a tandem configuration could further lower the costs of electricity if crystalline Si (c-Si) is used as the bottom cell. However, for direct monolithic integration on c-Si, only a restricted number of top and bottom cell architectures are compatible, due to either epitaxy or high-temperature constraints, where the interface between subcells is subject to a trade-off between transmittance, electrical interconnection, and bottom cell degradation. Using polySi/SiOx passivating contacts for Si, this degradation can be largely circumvented by tuning the polySi/SiOx stacks to promote gettering of contaminants admitted into the Si bottom cell during the top cell synthesis. Applying this concept to the low-cost top cell chalcogenides Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), CuGaSe2 (CGSe), and AgInGaSe2 (AIGSe), fabricated under harsh S or Se atmospheres above 550 degrees C, we show that increasing the heavily doped polySi layer thickness from 40 to up to 400 nm prevents a reduction in Si carrier lifetime by 1 order of magnitude, with final lifetimes above 500 mu s uniformly across areas up to 20 cm(2). In all cases, the increased resilience was correlated with a 99.9% reduction in contaminant concentration in the c-Si bulk, provided by the thick polySi layer, which acts as a buried gettering layer in the tandem structure without compromising the Si passivation quality. The Si resilience decreased as AIGSe > CGSe > CZTS, in accordance with the measured Cu contamination profiles and higher annealing temperatures. An efficiency of up to 7% was achieved for a CZTS/Si tandem, where the Si bottom cell is no longer the limiting factor.
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| 18. |
- Baccarani, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of imatinib 400 mg and 800 mg daily in the front-line treatment of high-risk, Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia : a European LeukemiaNet Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 113:19, s. 4497-4504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imatinib mesylate (IM), 400 mg daily, is the standard treatment of Philadelphia-positive (Ph(+)) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Preclinical data and results of single-arm studies raised the suggestion that better results could be achieved with a higher dose. To investigate whether the systematic use of a higher dose of IM could lead to better results, 216 patients with Ph(+) CML at high risk (HR) according to the Sokal index were randomly assigned to receive IM 800 mg or 400 mg daily, as front-line therapy, for at least 1 year. The CCgR rate at 1 year was 64% and 58% for the high-dose arm and for the standard-dose arm, respectively (P = .435). No differences were detectable in the CgR at 3 and 6 months, in the molecular response rate at any time, as well as in the rate of other events. Twenty-four (94%) of 25 patients who could tolerate the full 800-mg dose achieved a CCgR, and only 4 (23%) of 17 patients who could tolerate less than 350 mg achieved a CCgR. This study does not support the extensive use of high-dose IM (800 mg daily) front-line in all CML HR patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00514488.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Borgquist, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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The diagnostic performance of imaging methods in ARVC using the 2010 Task Force criteria.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2412 .- 2047-2404. ; 15:11, s. 1219-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates the agreement between echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging data, and the impact a discrepancy between the two may have on the clinical diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
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| 22. |
- Brodnicke, Ole Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Functional impact and trophic morphology of small, sand-sifting fishes on coral reefs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 36:8, s. 1936-1948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligotrophic tropical coral reefs are built on efficient internal energy and nutrient cycling, facilitated by tight trophic interactions. In the competition for available prey, some small fishes have evolved to feed on apparently barren sand patches that connect hard-substratum patches in many reef habitats.One strategy for obtaining prey from a particulate matrix is to sift out small prey items from the sediment (often called ‘winnowing’). Yet, the trophic link between small winnowing consumers and their prey are poorly resolved, let alone the morphological specialisations that enable this foraging behaviour.We used aquarium-based feeding experiments to quantify the impact of winnowing by two sand-dwelling goby species (Valenciennea sexguttata and Valenciennea strigata) on meiobenthos abundance and diversity and examined their actual ingestion of meiobenthos using gut content analysis. To identify potential morphological structures involved in winnowing, we investigated the gobies' feeding apparatus with electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).After 4 days of sifting through the sand matrix, the two species significantly reduced meiobenthic prey abundance by 30.7% ± 9.2 SE (V. sexguttata) and 46.1% ± 5.1 SE (V. strigata), but had little impact on the meiobenthic diversity. The most abundant prey groups (copepods and annelids) experienced the greatest reduction in number, suggesting selection by size, shape and density of prey items. Furthermore, gut content analysis confirmed that winnowing gobies can efficiently separate meiobenthic prey from heavier inorganic particles (sand), likely facilitated by a specialised epibranchial lobe, pharyngeal jaws and highly abundant papillose taste buds in the oropharyngeal cavity.Our results provide important background on the trophic link between the meiobenthos and winnowing gobies on coral reefs. The revealed specialisations of the goby feeding apparatus facilitate sand-sifting foraging behaviour and access to an otherwise inaccessible trophic niche of microscopic prey. By having evolved a specialised strategy to obtain nutritious and highly abundant prey from seemingly barren sand, we suggest that winnowing gobies act as an important conduit for sand-derived energy to higher trophic levels.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Cosedis Nielsen, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Radiofrequency Ablation as Initial Therapy in Paroxysm Atrial Fibrillation
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:17, s. 1587-1595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere are limited data comparing radiofrequency catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.MethodsWe randomly assigned 294 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and no history of antiarrhythmic drug use to an initial treatment strategy of either radiofrequency catheter ablation (146 patients) or therapy with class IC or class III antiarrhythmic agents (148 patients). Follow-up included 7-day Holter-monitor recording at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary end points were the cumulative and per-visit burden of atrial fibrillation (i.e., percentage of time in atrial fibrillation on Holter-monitor recordings). Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the ablation and drug-therapy groups in the cumulative burden of atrial fibrillation (90th percentile of arrhythmia burden, 13% and 19%, respectively; P=0.10) or the burden at 3, 6, 12, or 18 months. At 24 months, the burden of atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the ablation group than in the drug-therapy group (90th percentile, 9% vs. 18%; P=0.007), and more patients in the ablation group were free from any atrial fibrillation (85% vs. 71%, P=0.004) and from symptomatic atrial fibrillation (93% vs. 84%, P=0.01). One death in the ablation group was due to a procedure-related stroke; there were three cases of cardiac tamponade in the ablation group. In the drug-therapy group, 54 patients (36%) underwent supplementary ablation.ConclusionsIn comparing radiofrequency ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, we found no significant difference between the treatment groups in the cumulative burden of atrial fibrillation over a period of 2 years.
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| 25. |
- Crovetto, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Dielectric function and double absorption onset of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 : origin of experimental features explained by first-principles calculations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 154, s. 121-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we determine experimentally the dielectric function of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 (CTS) by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 0.7 to 5.9 eV. An experimental approach is proposed to overcome the challenges of extracting the dielectric function of Cu2SnS3 when grown on a glass/Mo substrate, as relevant for photovoltaic applications. The ellipsometry measurement reveals a double absorption onset at 0.91 eV and 0.99 eV. Importantly, we demonstrate that calculation within the density functional theory (DFT) confirms this double onset only when a very dense k-mesh is used to reveal fine details in the electronic structure, and this can explain why it has not been reported in earlier calculated spectra. We can now show that the double onset originates from optical transitions at the Gamma-point from three energetically close-lying valence bands to a single conduction band. Thus, structural imperfection, like secondary phases, is not needed to explain such an absorption spectrum. Finally, we show that the absorption coefficient of CTS is particularly large in the near-band gap spectral region when compared to similar photovoltaic materials. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Dussex, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to the High-Arctic island environment despite long-term reduced genetic variation in Svalbard reindeer
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 26:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typically much smaller in number than their mainland counterparts, island populations are ideal systems to investigate genetic threats to small populations. The Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) is an endemic subspecies that colonized the Svalbard archipelago ca. 6,000–8,000 years ago and now shows numerous physiological and morphological adaptations to its arctic habitat. Here, we report a de-novo chromosome-level assembly for Svalbard reindeer and analyze 133 reindeer genomes spanning Svalbard and most of the species’ Holarctic range, to examine the genomic consequences of long-term isolation and small population size in this insular subspecies. Empirical data, demographic reconstructions, and forward simulations show that long-term isolation and high inbreeding levels may have facilitated the reduction of highly deleterious—and to a lesser extent, moderately deleterious—variation. Our study indicates that long-term reduced genetic diversity did not preclude local adaptation to the High Arctic, suggesting that even severely bottlenecked populations can retain evolutionary potential.
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| 27. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Effektiviserad utredning möjlig vid misstänkt akut koronart syndrom. Nya undersökningsmetoder kan ge bättre vårdkvalitet och spara resurser
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:7, s. 464-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immediate evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department (ED) has remained almost unchanged for decades. At the same time, therapy for established ACS has undergone a remarkable and successful change towards early active intervention. Studies show that 7 out of 10 patients admitted with a suspicion of ACS do not have it, and that 2-5% of the patients with ACS are incorrectly sent home from the ED. With new diagnostic strategies, including e.g. risk prediction algorithms, new blood samples for plaque instability, special investigations like echocardiography, myocardial perfusion imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the Chest Pain Unit concept, improvements should definitely be possible. With the structured and evidence-based use of such strategies, it is our belief that more patients can be managed as outpatients, that length of stay can be shortened for those admitted, and that some patients with ACS can get an earlier adequate intervention.
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| 28. |
- El Missiry, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of bone marrow lymphocytic status during tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and its relation to therapy response in chronic myeloid leukaemia
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 142:5, s. 1041-1050
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia have been reported to induce immunomodulatory effects. We aimed to assess peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) lymphocyte status at the diagnosis and during different TKI therapies and correlate it with treatment responses. BM and PB samples were acquired from 105 first-line TKI-treated patients. Relative number of BM lymphocytes was evaluated from MGG-stained BM aspirates, and immunophenotypic analyses were performed with multicolour flow cytometry. Early 3-month expansion of BM lymphocytes was found during all different TKIs (imatinib n = 71, 20 %; dasatinib n = 25, 21 %; nilotinib n = 9, 22 %; healthy controls n = 14, 12 %, p < 0.0001). Increased PB lymphocyte count was only observed during dasatinib therapy. The BM lymphocyte expansion was associated with early molecular response; patients with 3-month BCR-ABL1 < 10 % showed higher lymphocyte counts than patients with BCR-ABL1 > 10 % (23 vs. 17 %, p < 0.05). Detailed phenotypic analysis showed that BM lymphocyte expansion consisted of various lymphocyte subclasses, but especially the proportion of CD19+ B cells and CD3negCD16/56+ NK cells increased from diagnostic values. During dasatinib treatment, the lymphocyte balance in both BM and PB was shifted more to cytotoxic direction (increased CD8+CD57+ and CD8+HLA-DR+ cells, and low T regulatory cells), whereas no major immunophenotypic differences were observed between imatinib and nilotinib patients. Early BM lymphocytosis occurs with all current first-line TKIs and is associated with better treatment responses. PB and BM immunoprofile during dasatinib treatment markedly differs from both imatinib- and nilotinib-treated patients.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and determinants of ischaemic heart disease in an urban population. A study from the myocardial infarction register in Malmo, Sweden
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 247:5, s. 588-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Age adjusted incidence of myocardial infarction has been found to vary substantially between the residential areas of the city of Malmo. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which major biological risk factors and socio-economic circumstances account for the differences in incidence of and mortality from myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Ecological study of risk factor prevalence and incidence and mortality from myocardial infarction. SETTING: Seventeen administrative areas in Malmo, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Assessment of risk factor prevalence was based on 28 466 men and women, ranging from 45 to 73 years old, who were recruited as participants in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study. Information on serum lipids was available in a random subsample of 5362 subjects. Information about socio-economic level of the residential area was based on statistics from the Malmo City Council and Statistics Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weighted least square regressions between prevalence of risk factors (i.e. smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia), a myocardial infarction risk score, a socio-economic score and incidence and mortality from myocardial infarction. RESULTS: The risk factor prevalence and myocardial infarction incidence was highest in areas with low socio-economic level. Prevalence of smoking, obesity and hypertension was significantly associated with myocardial infarction incidence and mortality rates amongst men (all r > 0.60). Prevalence of smoking was significantly associated with incidence and mortality from myocardial infarction amongst women (r = 0.66 and r = 0.61, respectively). A myocardial infarction risk score based on four biological risk factors explained 40-60% of the intra-urban geographical variation in myocardial infarction incidence and mortality. The socio-economic score added a further 2-16% to the explained variance. CONCLUSION: In an urban population with similar access to medical care, well-known biological cardiovascular risk factors account for a substantial proportion of the intra-urban geographical variation of incidence of and mortality from myocardial infarction. The socio-economic circumstances further contribute to the intra-urban variation in disease.
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| 31. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of myocardial infarction in women. A cohort study of risk factors and modifiers of effect
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - 1470-2738. ; 54:2, s. 104-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the increased incidence of myocardial infarction and death associated with smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes varies significantly between groups defined in terms of occupation, education and marital status. SETTING: Malmo, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 9351 women, aged 28-55, with a mean follow up of 10.7 years. MAIN RESULTS: Smoking, hypertension (> or = 160/95 mm Hg or treatment), hyperlipidaemia (cholesterol > or = 6.5 mmol/l or triglycerides > or = 2.3 mmol/l), diabetes, low occupation and education levels were significantly more common among women who experienced a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction during the follow up (n = 104) than in other women (n = 9247). Exposure to smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia showed substantial differences between groups defined in terms of education, occupation and marital status. The association between low occupation and myocardial infarction remained statistically significant after adjustments for several potential confounders (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1, 6.0). Single women had similarly higher adjusted mortality rates than married women (RR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8). When other major risk factors were taken into account, the relative risk for mortality and myocardial infarction associated with smoking was 2.6 (95% CI 2.0, 3.4) and 7.8 (95% CI 4.4, 13.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: In this urban female population, short education and low occupation level were both associated with an increased prevalence of smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes. Low occupation level increases the rate of cardiac events caused by exposure to these four risk factors.
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| 32. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in long-term survival after myocardial infarction: less favourable patterns for patients from deprived areas
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 248:5, s. 425-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: New treatments have improved the prognosis for patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, studies on long-term survival are not unequivocally in favour of an improved long-term prognosis. This study aimed to analyse trends in 3-year survival in relation to sex, age and socioeconomic level of residential area. SETTING: The Malmo myocardial infarction register, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: All men and women in the city who, between 1978 and 1995, were admitted for a first acute myocardial infarction (n = 11 226). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardized 3-year survival rates. RESULTS: Both 28-day and 3-year survival rates improved markedly during the study period. Age-standardized 3-year survival (per 100 patients) amongst men and women who survived 28 days increased, between 1978-81 and 1991-95, from 64 to 78 in men and from 66 to 77 in women, an annual increase of 1.4% (95% CI = 1.1-1.7) and 1.2% (0.8-1.5), respectively. There were marked differences in survival between residential areas with different socioeconomic circumstances. The 3-year survival rates amongst men correlated significantly with the socioeconomic circumstances in the areas expressed in terms of a socioeconomic score (men: r = 0.60, n = 17, P = 0.01; women: r = 0.37, P = 0.15). Trends tended to be less favourable in deprived areas. CONCLUSION: Three-year survival after first myocardial infarction has continuously improved for men and women in all age groups. Prognosis was worse and trends tended to be less favourable for patients from deprived areas.
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| 33. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of vulnerable plaques and patients by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound (PROSPECT II) : a prospective natural history study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 397:10278, s. 985-995
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound are promising imaging modalities to identify non-obstructive plaques likely to cause coronary-related events. We aimed to assess whether combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound can identify high-risk plaques and patients that are at risk for future major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).Methods: PROSPECT II is an investigator-sponsored, multicentre, prospective natural history study done at 14 university hospitals and two community hospitals in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. We recruited patients of any age with recent (within past 4 weeks) myocardial infarction. After treatment of all flow-limiting coronary lesions, three-vessel imaging was done with a combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound catheter. Untreated lesions (also known as non-culprit lesions) were identified by intravascular ultrasound and their lipid content was assessed by NIRS. The primary outcome was the covariate-adjusted rate of MACEs (the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or progressive angina) arising from untreated non-culprit lesions during follow-up. The relations between plaques with high lipid content, large plaque burden, and small lumen areas and patient-level and lesion-level events were determined. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02171065.Findings: Between June 10, 2014, and Dec 20, 2017, 3629 non-culprit lesions were characterised in 898 patients (153 [17%] women, 745 [83%] men; median age 63 [IQR 55-70] years). Median follow-up was 3.7 (IQR 3.0-4.4) years. Adverse events within 4 years occurred in 112 (13.2%, 95% CI 11.0-15.6) of 898 patients, with 66 (8.0%, 95% CI 6.2-10.0) arising from 78 untreated non-culprit lesions (mean baseline angiographic diameter stenosis 46.9% [SD 15.9]). Highly lipidic lesions (851 [24%] of 3500 lesions, present in 520 [59%] of 884 patients) were an independent predictor of patient-level non-culprit lesion-related MACEs (adjusted odds ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.25-4.13) and nonculprit lesion-specific MACEs (7.83, 4.12-14.89). Large plaque burden (787 [22%] of 3629 lesions, present in 530 [59%] of 898 patients) was also an independent predictor of non-culprit lesion-related MACEs. Lesions with both large plaque burden by intravascular ultrasound and large lipid-rich cores by NIRS had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 7.0% (95% CI 4.0-10.0). Patients in whom one or more such lesions were identified had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 13.2% (95% CI 9.4-17.6).Interpretation: Combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound detects angiographically non-obstructive lesions with a high lipid content and large plaque burden that are at increased risk for future adverse cardiac outcomes.
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| 34. |
- Fyllingen, Even Hovig, et al.
(författare)
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Does Risk of Brain Cancer Increase with Intracranial Volume? A Population-Based Case-Control Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuro-oncology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1523-5866 .- 1522-8517. ; 20:9, s. 1225-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and is believed to arise from glial stem cells. Despite large efforts there are limited established risk factors. It has been suggested that tissue with more stem cells may exhibit higher risk of cancer due to chance alone. Assuming a positive correlation between the number of stem cell divisions in an organ and size of the same organ, we hypothesized that variation in intracranial volume, as a proxy for brain size may be linked to risk of high-grade glioma.Intracranial volume was calculated from pre-treatment 3D T1-weighted MRI brain scans from 124 patients with high-grade glioma and 995 general population based controls. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to ascertain the effect of intracranial volume and sex on the likelihood that participants have high-grade glioma.An increase in intracranial volume of 100 mL was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of high-grade glioma of 1.69 (95 % CI 1.44 to 1.98; P < 0.001). After adjusting for intracranial volume, female sex emerged as a risk factor for high-grade glioma (OR for male sex = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.33 to 0.93; P = 0.026).Intracranial volume is strongly associated with risk of high-grade glioma. After correcting for intracranial volume, risk of high-grade glioma was higher in women. The development of glioma is correlated to brain size and may to a large extent be a stochastic event related to the number of cells at risk.
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| 35. |
- Geisler, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Pain management after total hip arthroplasty at five different Danish hospitals : A prospective, observational cohort study of 501 patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 63:7, s. 923-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The available literature does not present a "gold standard" for post-operative pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore and document post-operative pain treatment, including outcomes, in a large cohort of patients undergoing THA at five different Danish hospitals.METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of 501 THA patients was performed at five different hospitals in the Capital Region and at the Region Zealand in Denmark, from April 2014 to April 2016. The study had two co-primary outcomes: Pain during mobilisation at 6 hours post-operatively (numeric rating scale [NRS] [0-10]) and morphine consumption 0-24 hours post-operatively.RESULTS: A large variety of analgesic treatments were used at the included hospitals and none of the hospitals used the same non-opioid basic analgesic regimen. For all patients at all hospitals, the NRS-pain level during mobilisation at 6 hours was 5 (3-6), (median [interquartile range]) and the 24-hour intravenous morphine (eqv) consumption was 25 mg (18-35). Although some statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for morphine use, no non-opioid analgesic regimen demonstrated consistent clinically relevant superior efficacy. In general, pain levels at rest were low to moderate and pain during mobilisation was moderate.CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic treatment routines differed between hospitals. Pain levels, however, did not differ substantially and were in general low at rest and moderate during mobilisation. No non-opioid analgesic treatment demonstrated consistent analgesic superiority.
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| 36. |
- Gerward, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Survival rate 28 days after hospital admission with first myocardial infarction. Inverse relationship with socio-economic circumstances.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 259:2, s. 164-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study to what extent geographical differences of the mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) can be accounted for by the 28-day case fatality rate (CFR) following first hospital admittance for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and whether the geographical pattern of survival has any relationship with socio-economic circumstances. Design. Register-based surveillance study. Setting. Seventeen residential areas in Malmo, Sweden. Subjects. All 5533 patients were admitted during 1986-1995 for a first acute MI at Malmo University Hospital. Main outcome measures. CFR is based on record linkage with national registers. Area-specific cardiovascular and socio-economic scores (SES) are based on previous cross-sectional studies. Results. In patients below 75 years of age, differences of the 28-day CFR accounted for 20-30% of the geographical variance in mortality from IHD. No corresponding association was found in older age groups. Patients from areas with low SES had the highest CFR, 23.8%. The odds ratios of fatal outcome for patients from areas with median and low SES (versus high SES) were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.52), respectively (P for trend: 0.060). The strongest correlation was observed in men below 75 years of age (P for trend: 0.007). During the study period there was an improvement of the survival rate for patients from high and medium SES areas but no corresponding change for patients coming from areas having a low SES. Conclusions. In patients below 75 years, geographical differences of the mortality from IHD were related to differences of the 28-day CFR following hospital admittance for a first MI. Rates of survival were inversely related to socio-economic circumstances in the patient's residential area.
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| 37. |
- Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, et al.
(författare)
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The population genomic legacy of the second plague pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:21, s. 4743-4751.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human populations have been shaped by catastrophes that may have left long-lasting signatures in their genomes. One notable example is the second plague pandemic that entered Europe in ca. 1,347 CE and repeatedly returned for over 300 years, with typical village and town mortality estimated at 10%–40%.1 It is assumed that this high mortality affected the gene pools of these populations. First, local population crashes reduced genetic diversity. Second, a change in frequency is expected for sequence variants that may have affected survival or susceptibility to the etiologic agent (Yersinia pestis).2 Third, mass mortality might alter the local gene pools through its impact on subsequent migration patterns. We explored these factors using the Norwegian city of Trondheim as a model, by sequencing 54 genomes spanning three time periods: (1) prior to the plague striking Trondheim in 1,349 CE, (2) the 17th–19th century, and (3) the present. We find that the pandemic period shaped the gene pool by reducing long distance immigration, in particular from the British Isles, and inducing a bottleneck that reduced genetic diversity. Although we also observe an excess of large FST values at multiple loci in the genome, these are shaped by reference biases introduced by mapping our relatively low genome coverage degraded DNA to the reference genome. This implies that attempts to detect selection using ancient DNA (aDNA) datasets that vary by read length and depth of sequencing coverage may be particularly challenging until methods have been developed to account for the impact of differential reference bias on test statistics.
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| 38. |
- Gottschalk Højfeldt, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Relapse risk following truncation of PEG-asparaginase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 137:17, s. 2373-2382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Truncation of asparaginase treatment due to asparaginase related toxicities or silent inactivation (SI) is common and may increase relapse risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated relapse risk following suboptimal asparaginase exposure among 1401 children aged 1-17 years, diagnosed with ALL between July 2008 and February 2016, and treated according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol including extended asparaginase exposure (1,000 IU/m2 intramuscularly weeks 5 to 33). Patients were included with delayed entry at their last administered asparaginase treatment or detection of SI and followed until relapse, death, secondary malignancy, or end of follow-up (median: 5.71 years, interquartile range: 4.02-7.64). In a multiple Cox model comparing patients with (n=358) and without (n=1043) truncated asparaginase treatment due to clinical toxicity, the adjusted relapse-specific hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-2.06, P=0.20). In a substudy including only patients with information on enzyme activity (n=1115), the 7-year cumulative incidence of relapse for the 301 patients with truncation of asparaginase treatment or SI (157 hypersensitivity, 53 pancreatitis, 14 thrombosis, 31 other, 46 SI) was 11.1% (95% CI: 6.9-15.4) versus 6.7% (95% CI: 4.7-8.6) for the 814 remaining patients. The relapse-specific aHR was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.05-2.74, P=0.03). The unadjusted bone-marrow relapse-specific HR was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07-3.14, P=0.03) and 1.86 (95% CI: 0.90- 3.87, P=0.095) for any CNS relapse. These results emphasize the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and appropriate adjustment of asparaginase therapy when feasible.
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| 39. |
- Grant, Danielle M., et al.
(författare)
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The future of dna barcoding : Reflections from early career researchers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diversity. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-2818. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last two decades, the use of DNA barcodes has transformed our ability to identify and assess life on our planet. Both strengths and weaknesses of the method have been exemplified through thousands of peer-reviewed scientific articles. Given the novel sequencing approaches, currently capable of generating millions of reads at low cost, we reflect on the questions: What will the future bring for DNA barcoding? Will identification of species using short, standardized fragments of DNA stand the test of time? We present reflected opinions of early career biodiversity researchers in the form of a SWOT analysis and discuss answers to these questions.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Gullander, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Workplace Bullying and Risk of Depression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 56:12, s. 1258-1265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We examined the prospective association between self-labeled and witness-reported bullying and the risk of newly onset of depression. METHODS: Employees were recruited from two cohorts of 3196 and 2002 employees, respectively. Participants received a questionnaire at baseline in 2006 to 2007 with follow-up in 2008 to 2009 and 2011. New cases of depression were diagnosed in the follow-up using Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interviews and the Major Depression Inventory questionnaire. RESULTS: We identified 147 new cases of depression. The odds ratio for newly onset depression among participants reporting bullying occasionally was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 4.23) and among frequently bullied 9.63 (95% CI: 3.42 to 27.1). There was no association between percentage witnessing bullying and newly onset depression. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent self-labeled bullying predicts development of depression but a work environment with high proportion of employees witnessing bullying does not.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Gyldenkerne, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary Artery Lesion Lipid Content and Plaque Burden in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients : PROSPECT II
- 2023
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 147:6, s. 469-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes have increased rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). We hypothesized that this is explained by diabetes-associated differences in coronary plaque morphology and lipid content.METHODS: In PROSPECT II (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree), 898 patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without ST-segment elevation underwent 3-vessel quantitative coronary angiography and coregistered near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound imaging after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Subsequent MACEs were adjudicated to either treated culprit lesions or untreated nonculprit lesions. This substudy stratified patients by diabetes status and assessed baseline culprit and nonculprit prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics defined as maximum plaque burden ≥70% and maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7. Separate covariate-adjusted multivariable models were performed to identify whether diabetes was associated with nonculprit lesion-related MACEs and high-risk plaque characteristics.RESULTS: Diabetes was present in 109 of 898 patients (12.1%). During a median 3.7-year follow-up, MACEs occurred more frequently in patients with versus without diabetes (20.1% versus 13.5% [odds ratio (OR), 1.94 (95% CI, 1.14-3.30)]), primarily attributable to increased risk of myocardial infarction related to culprit lesion restenosis (4.3% versus 1.1% [OR, 3.78 (95% CI, 1.12-12.77)]) and nonculprit lesion-related spontaneous myocardial infarction (9.3% versus 3.8% [OR, 2.74 (95% CI, 1.25-6.04)]). However, baseline prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics was similar for patients with versus without diabetes concerning culprit (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 90% versus 93%, P=0.34; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 66% versus 70%, P=0.49) and nonculprit lesions (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 23% versus 22%, P=0.37; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 26% versus 24%, P=0.47). In multivariable models, diabetes was associated with MACEs in nonculprit lesions (adjusted OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.21-5.04]) but not with prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics (adjusted OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.86-1.69]).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with recent myocardial infarction, both treated and untreated lesions contributed to the diabetes-associated ≈2-fold increased MACE rate during the 3.7-year follow-up. Diabetes-related plaque characteristics that might underlie this increased risk were not identified by multimodality imaging.
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| 45. |
- Hammar, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of cases of myocardial infarction: hospital discharge data and mortality data compared to myocardial infarction community registers
- 1991
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 1464-3685. ; 20:1, s. 114-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of incident myocardial infarction (MI) cases in a defined population using hospital discharge data and mortality data in combination has been suggested. This method of case identification was compared to that of use of MI community registers set up in accordance with principles adopted in a World Health Organization collaborative programme. The comparison comprised data for four Swedish cities over a number of years. On average 81% of incident hospital-treated cases below 65 years of age identified through MI community registers were found by the retrospective use of the method based on hospital discharge data and mortality data. Of hospital-treated cases identified by the latter method, 83% were also found by the MI community registers. For cases fulfilling the diagnostic criteria employed by the MI community registers this proportion would be higher, probably 87%-92%. Several reasons for cases being missed by either method were suggested by the results. According to the findings of this study, the case identification of the method based on hospital discharge data and mortality data seems to be somewhat less efficient compared to use of MI community registers. This may be of importance in descriptive epidemiological studies, but is of less significance in analytical studies. The relative efficiency of the former method could be improved by a more reliable system for the recording of hospital discharges. If supplemented by a validation procedure, it could yield sufficiently accurate data for many epidemiological applications at a fairly low cost.
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| 46. |
- Hansen, Hans Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Matematikundervisningen i Danmark i 1900-tallet
- 2008
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den danske komité for Unesco's Matematikverdensår 2000 tog initiativ til en beretning om matematikundervisningen i Danmark i 1900-tallet. Ti aktører fra forskellige felter udarbejdede de respektive afsnit, så den samlede beretning dækker fra første klasse i skolen over gymnasiale uddannelser til langt ind på matematikbaserede universitetsstudier og så bredt, at også feltet fra almene voksenuddannelser til lærlinge- og erhvervsuddannelser er med. Resultatet blev dette tobindsværk, der først og fremmest giver en grundig og veldokumenteret beskrivelse af udviklingen i matematikundervisningen inden for de enkelte institutionstyper. Men faget beskrives også som et socialt og kulturelt fænomen i det danske samfund. Gennem skønlitteraturen kastes et sidelys på matematikundervisningen og matematiklæreren, som sjældent afsløres i de officielle kilder. I skolen skiftede faget rolle fra 'forstandens slibesten' til at blive et værktøj for samfundsborgeren, samtidig med at matematik blev et fag for alle i den enhedsskole, der blev etableret skridt for skridt. I 1900-tallet kom matematik til at præge samfundet, men omvendt kom enhedsskolen og den store søgning til gymnasiet til at præge skolefaget matematik. Her stod de klassiske dyder som bevisførelse og bogstavregning svagere mod slutningen af århundredet, mens ny teknologi og nye holdninger til faget skulle sætte nye generationer i stand til at håndtere mere virkelighedsnære matematiske problemstillinger.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hansen, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of carvedilol on the metabolic, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic responses to increased plasma epinephrine in normal subjects
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - 1533-4023. ; 24:6, s. 853-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the effects of the new vasodilating beta-blocking agent carvedilol on a variety of metabolic, hemodynamic, and ECG parameters of importance for the clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we infused epinephrine (EPI) in healthy male volunteers on two separate occasions to serum concentrations of the same level reached in AMI. Before the EPI infusions, the volunteers were pretreated for 2 weeks with either carvedilol or placebo in randomized order. EPI caused significant decreases in serum levels: S-potassium (0.62 mM), S-magnesium (0.07 mM), S-calcium (0.12 mM), and S-phosphate (0.26 mM). After pretreatment with carvedilol, the decreases in S-calcium and S-phosphate were partly prevented and those in S-potassium and S-magnesium were completely inhibited. Short-term treatment with carvedilol significantly decreased S-insulin and serum C-peptide and significantly attenuated the EPI-induced increase in B-glucose observed after placebo. The EPI infusion significantly increased serum concentrations of free fatty acids and glycerol. These increases were significantly attenuated by carvedilol, whereas carvedilol had no significant affects of a variety of other lipid variables. EPI infusion caused a significant (p < 0.01) increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 124.8 +/- 8.1 to 135.8 +/- 12.5 mm Hg and an increase in heart rate (HR) from 71.0 +/- 11.5 to 77.2 +/- 12.2, resulting in a significant increase in rate-pressure product (RPP). This estimate of cardiac work was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by pretreatment with carvedilol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Hansen, Ole Henrik
(författare)
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Børnelivet i velfærdsstatens hænder : En kritik af samtidens opvækstvilkår for vores yngste børn [Child Life in the Hands of the Welfare State - A Critique of Contemporary Upbringing Conditions for Our Youngest Children]
- 2024
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Child Life in the Hands of the Welfare State is a research-based debate book that criticizes the current upbringing conditions for our youngest children. The book describes the development and needs of young children for present and attentive adults - and the crucial importance this has for the child's development of social cognition, language, empathy, self-esteem, and much more in both the short and long term. However, when looking at the quality of Danish daycare institutions, it appears that some of them are not at a sufficient level to meet the needs of the children.A group of parents therefore want to take on this task themselves. They take the consequences and choose to look after their child at home. For home care, parents have the opportunity to be the constant, present, and attentive adults in the child's life who can create lasting close and secure relationships with the child. In this way, the parents regain the opportunity to give their child what their parental instincts tell them to. However, such a decision has consequences for career and finances, and it requires political support and action.The book gives a voice to stay-at-home parents. And based on this, research on the development of young children and the quality of Danish daycare institutions, some concrete proposals are presented on how we can change the conditions for the youngest children and their families.
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