| 1. |
- Alexander, Stephen P. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
- 2023
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. - : British pharmacological society. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at . G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 2. |
- Christopoulos, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 178 Suppl 1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 5. |
- Aguilar, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Design and sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221. ; 16:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the design of the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) and discusses its scientific prospects. Using an array of radio sensors, RNO-G seeks to measure neutrinos above 10 PeV by exploiting the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced cascades in ice. We discuss the experimental considerations that drive the design of RNO-G, present first measurements of the hardware that is to be deployed and discuss the projected sensitivity of the instrument. RNO-G will be the first production-scale radio detector for in-ice neutrino signals.
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| 6. |
- Aguilar, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Hardware Development for the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC2021. - Trieste, Italy : Proceedings of Science.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is designed to make the first observations of ultra-high energy neutrinos at energies above 10 PeV, playing a unique role in multi-messenger astrophysics as the world's largest in-ice Askaryan radio detection array. The experiment will be composed of 35 autonomous stations deployed over a 5 x 6 km grid near NSF Summit Station in Greenland. The electronics chain of each station is optimized for sensitivity and low power, incorporating 150 - 600 MHz RF antennas at both the surface and in ice boreholes, low-noise amplifiers, custom RF-over-fiber systems, and an FPGA-based phased array trigger. Each station will consume 25 W of power, allowing for a live time of 70% from a solar power system. The communications system is composed of a high-bandwidth LTE network and an ultra-low power LoRaWAN network. I will also present on the calibration and DAQ systems, as well as status of the first deployment of 10 stations in Summer 2021.
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| 7. |
- Aguilar, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing the neutrino energy for in-ice radio detectors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 82:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since summer 2021, the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is searching for astrophysical neutrinos at energies > 10 PeV by detecting the radio emission from particle showers in the ice around Summit Station, Greenland. We present an extensive simulation study that shows how RNO-G will be able to measure the energy of such particle cascades, which will in turn be used to estimate the energy of the incoming neutrino that caused them. The location of the neutrino interaction is determined using the differences in arrival times between channels and the electric field of the radio signal is reconstructed using a novel approach based on Information Field Theory. Based on these properties, the shower energy can be estimated. We show that this method can achieve an uncertainty of 13% on the logarithm of the shower energy after modest quality cuts and estimate how this can constrain the energy of the neutrino. The method presented in this paper is applicable to all similar radio neutrino detectors, such as the proposed radio array of IceCube-Gen2.
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| 8. |
- Agustin, Sanchez-Arcilla, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydraulic Research. - 0022-1686. ; 46:2, s. 179-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Anker, A., et al.
(författare)
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A search for cosmogenic neutrinos with the ARIANNA test bed using 4.5 years of data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1475-7516. ; :3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary mission of the ARIANNA ultra-high energy neutrino telescope is to uncover astrophysical sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 10(16) eV. A pilot array, consisting of seven ARIANNA stations located on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica, was commissioned in November 2014. We report on the search for astrophysical neutrinos using data collected between November 2014 and February 2019. A straight-forward template matching analysis yielded no neutrino candidates, with a signal efficiency of 79%. We find a 90% confidence upper limit on the diffuse neutrino flux of E-2 Phi = 1.7 x 10(-6) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) for a decade wide logarithmic bin centered at a neutrino energy of 10(18),eV, which is an order of magnitude improvement compared to the previous limit reported by the ARIANNA collaboration. The ARIANNA stations, including purpose built cosmic-ray stations at the Moore's Bay site and demonstrator stations at the South Pole, have operated reliably. Sustained operation at two distinct sites confirms that the flexible and adaptable architecture can be deployed in any deep ice, radio quiet environment. We show that the scientific capabilities, technical innovations, and logistical requirements of ARIANNA are sufficiently well understood to serve as the basis for large area radio-based neutrino telescope with a wide field-of-view.
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| 12. |
- Anker, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1475-7516. ; :11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra high energy neutrinos (E-nu >10(16.5) eV) are efficiently measured via radio signals following a neutrino interaction in ice. An antenna placed O(15 m) below the ice surface will measure two signals for the vast majority of events (90% at E-nu = 10(18) eV): a direct pulse and a second delayed pulse from a reflection off the ice surface. This allows for a unique identification of neutrinos against backgrounds arriving from above. Furthermore, the time delay between the direct and reflected signal (D'n'R) correlates with the distance to the neutrino interaction vertex, a crucial quantity to determine the neutrino energy. In a simulation study, we derive the relation between time delay and distance and study the corresponding experimental uncertainties in estimating neutrino energies. We find that the resulting contribution to the energy resolution is well below the natural limit set by the unknown inelasticity in the initial neutrino interaction. We present an in-situ measurement that proves the experimental feasibility of this technique. Continuous monitoring of the local snow accumulation in the vicinity of the transmit and receive antennas using this technique provide a precision of O(1mm) in surface elevation, which is much better than that needed to apply the D'n'R technique to neutrinos.
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| 13. |
- Anker, A., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the angular and polarization reconstruction of the ARIANNA detector at the South Pole
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 15:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, which can have energies up to 10(20) eV, remain a mystery. UHE neutrinos may provide important clues to understanding the nature of cosmic-ray sources. ARIANNA aims to detect UHE neutrinos via radio (Askaryan) emission from particle showers when a neutrino interacts with ice, which is an efficient method for neutrinos with energies between 10(16) eV and 10(20) eV. The ARIANNA radio detectors are located in Antarctic ice just beneath the surface. Neutrino observation requires that radio pulses propagate to the antennas at the surface with minimum distortion by the ice and firn medium. Using the residual hole from the South Pole Ice Core Project, radio pulses were emitted from a transmitter located up to 1.7 km below the snow surface. By measuring these signals with an ARIANNA surface station, the angular and polarization reconstruction abilities are quantified, which are required to measure the direction of the neutrino. After deconvolving the raw signals for the detector response and attenuation from propagation through the ice, the signal pulses show no significant distortion and agree with a reference measurement of the emitter made in an anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the signal pulses reveal no significant birefringence for our tested geometry of mostly vertical ice propagation. The origin of the transmitted radio pulse was measured with an angular resolution of 0.37 degrees indicating that the neutrino direction can be determined with good precision if the polarization of the radio-pulse can be well determined. In the present study we obtained a resolution of the polarization vector of 2.7 degrees. Neither measurement show a significant offset relative to expectation.
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| 14. |
- Anker, A., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting ultra-high energy neutrinos with the ARIANNA experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 64:12, s. 2595-2609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos (E > 10(16) eV) opens a new field of astronomy with the potential to reveal the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays especially if combined with observations in the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational waves. The ARIANNA pilot detector explores the detection of UHE neutrinos with a surface array of independent radio detector stations in Antarctica which allows for a cost-effective instrumentation of large volumes. Twelve stations are currently operating successfully at the Moore's Bay site (Ross Ice Shelf) in Antarctica and at the South Pole. We will review the current state of ARIANNA and its main results. We report on a newly developed wind generator that successfully operates in the harsh Antarctic conditions and powers the station for a substantial time during the dark winter months. The robust ARIANNA surface architecture, combined with environmentally friendly solar and wind power generators, can be installed at any deep ice location on the planet and operated autonomously. We report on the detector capabilities to determine the neutrino direction by reconstructing the signal arrival direction of a 800 m deep calibration pulser, and the reconstruction of the signal polarization using the more abundant cosmic-ray air showers. Finally, we describe a large-scale design - ARIA - that capitalizes on the successful experience of the ARIANNA operation and is designed sensitive enough to discover the first UHF neutrino.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bayram, Atilla, et al.
(författare)
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A new formula for the total longshore sediment transport rate
- 2007
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Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3839. ; 54:9, s. 700-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new predictive formula for the total longshore sediment transport (LST) rate was developed from principles of sediment transport physics assuming that breaking waves mobilize the sediment, which is subsequently moved by a mean current. Six high-quality data sets on hydrodynamics and sediment transport collected during both field and laboratory conditions were employed to evaluate the predictive capability of the new formula. The main parameter of the formula (a transport coefficient), which represents the efficiency of the waves in keeping sand grains in suspension, was expressed through a Dean number based on dimensional analysis. The new formula yields predictions that lie within a factor of 0.5 to 2 of the measured values for 62% of the data points, which is higher than other commonly employed formulas for the LST rate such as the CERC equation or the formulas developed by Inman-Bagnold and Kamphuis, respectively. The new formula is well suited for practical applications in coastal areas, as well as for numerical modeling of sediment transport and shoreline change in the nearshore. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bručas, Rimantas, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic and transport properties of Ni81Fe19/Al2O3 granular multilayers approaching the superparamagnetic limit
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 101:7, s. 073907-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic and transport properties of Ni81Fe 19/Al2O3 granular multilayer films were studied in relation to their structural properties as the nominal thickness t of the permalloy (Ni81Fe19) layer was varied near the percolation limit: in the range of 8≤t≤ 16 Å while keeping the nominal thickness of the Al2O3 layers constant at 16 Å. A good structural quality of the multilayers was demonstrated by low angle x-ray reflectivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy showed the transition from continuous permalloy layers separated by aluminium oxide layers for t= 16 Å to metal grains dispersed in the insulator at t=8 Å. Magnetization measurements showed the gradual transition from ferromagnetic layers to superparamagnetic clusters and grains that successively become blocked as the temperature decreases. A strong correlation between transport and structural properties was observed in the temperature (T) dependence of the electrical resistance measured with the current in the plane in the range of 2 ≤T≤300 K: a gradual change of behavior from continuous permalloy layers with conducting interlayer connections for t=16 Å. to isolated permalloy grains in a dielectric for the film with t= 10 Å. The percolation occurs between 12 and 10 Å, as deduced both from the magnetic and resistive properties. The discontinuous metal films were analyzed within models for thermally assisted tunneling, yielding estimates of the tunneling barrier for intralayer conduction of about 20 meV for t= 10 Å. A significant magnetic field dependence of the resistance increasing with decreasing temperature was observed in all samples.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Buervenich, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A rare truncating mutation in ADH1C (G78Stop) shows significant association with Parkinson disease in a large international sample.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Archives of neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-9942. ; 62:1, s. 74-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders because of their multiple roles in detoxification pathways and retinoic acid synthesis. In a previous study, significant association of an ADH class IV allele with Parkinson disease (PD) was found in a Swedish sample. PATIENTS: The previously associated single-nucleotide polymorphism plus 12 further polymorphisms in the ADH cluster on human chromosome 4q23 were screened for association in an extension of the original sample that now included 123 Swedish PD patients and 127 geographically matched control subjects. A rare nonsense single-nucleotide polymorphism in ADH1C (G78stop, rs283413) was identified in 3 of these patients but in no controls. To obtain sufficient power to detect a possible association of this rare variant with disease, we screened a large international sample of 1076 PD patients of European ancestry and 940 matched controls. RESULTS: The previously identified association with an ADH class IV allele remained significant (P<.02) in the extended Swedish study. Furthermore, in the international collaboration, the G78stop mutation in ADH1C was found in 22 (2.0%) of the PD patients but only in 6 controls (0.6%). This association was statistically significant (chi(2)(1) = 7.5; 2-sided P = .007; odds ratio, 3.25 [95% confidence interval, 1.31-8.05]). In addition, the G78stop mutation was identified in 4 (10.0%) of 40 Caucasian index cases with PD with mainly hereditary forms of the disorder. CONCLUSION: Findings presented herein provide further evidence for mutations in genes encoding ADHs as genetic risk factors for PD.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Capobianco, M, et al.
(författare)
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Nourishment design and evaluation: applicability of model concepts
- 2002
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Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - 0378-3839. ; 47:2, s. 113-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models can play a fundamental role while moving from nourishment projects to nourishment plans, i.e., when nourishment becomes an integral component of a coastal management strategy. Planning nourishment in the context of a multi-years management strategy requires more significant prediction skills than available in the past and an awareness of dealing with uncertainty. The present paper introduces model classes and modelling situations and describes those elements that are the main sources of such uncertainty. Equilibrium Profile (EP) and Depth of Closure (DoC) are discussed with their time-scale related aspects; granulometry changes are discussed with their effects on the dynamics of a nourished coast; estimation of erosion rate is introduced with its implications on the definition of the "basic state" or the "basic trend" of the coastal system; lateral spreading and beach fill transition are discussed with their economic implications; and calibration and verification are introduced with the additional degrees of freedom that might be added to model development and with reference to risk issues in decision-making. These sources of uncertainty are examined in relation with implications for nourishment and modelling. The main conclusion is that, while there have been significant advances in modelling morphodynamics and morphodynamics applied to nourishment design, advances in defining procedures for quality control of the modelling activity are now required. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 26. |
- Conde, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of follicular lymphoma identifies a risk locus at 6p21.32
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:8, s. 661-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility loci for non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes, we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study. We identified two variants associated with follicular lymphoma at 6p21.32 (rs10484561, combined P = 1.12 x 10(-29) and rs7755224, combined P = 2.00 x 10(-19); r(2) = 1.0), supporting the idea that major histocompatibility complex genetic variation influences follicular lymphoma susceptibility. We also found confirmatory evidence of a previously reported association between chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and rs735665 (combined P = 4.24 x 10(-9)).
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| 27. |
- Degl'Innocenti, Alessio, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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First report from the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register (SNFPR)
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 37:3, s. 231-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To the best of our knowledge, the present register is the only nationwide forensic psychiatric patient register in the world. The aim of this article is to describe the content of the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register (SNFPR) for Swedish forensic patients for the year 2010. The subjects are individuals who, in connection with prosecution due to criminal acts, have been sentenced to compulsory forensic psychiatric treatment in Sweden. The results show that in 2010, 1476 Swedish forensic patients were assessed in the SNFPR; 1251 (85%) were males and 225 (15%) were females. Almost 60% of the patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, with a significantly higher frequency among males than females. As many as 70% of the patients had a previous history of outpatient psychiatric treatment before becoming a forensic psychiatric patient, with a mean age at first contact with psychiatric care of about 20 years old for both sexes. More than 63% of the patients had a history of addiction, with a higher proportion of males than females. Furthermore, as many as 38% of all patients committed crimes while under the influence of alcohol and/or illicit drugs. This was more often the case for men than for women. Both male and female patients were primarily sentenced for crimes related to life and death (e.g., murder, assault). However, there were more females than males in treatment for general dangerous crimes (e.g., arson), whereas men were more often prosecuted for crimes related to sex. In 2010, as many as 70% of all forensic patients in Sweden had a prior sentence for a criminal act, and males were prosecuted significantly more often than females. The most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals for both genders were antipsychotics, although more women than men were prescribed other pharmaceuticals, such as antidepressants, antiepileptics, and anxiolytics. The result from the present study might give clinicians an opportunity to reflect upon and challenge their traditional treatment methods. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Donnelly, Chantal, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical model of coastal overwash
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Maritime Engineering. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1741-7597 .- 1751-7737. ; 162:3, s. 105-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overwash, the flow of water and sediment over the crest of a beach, contributes to flooding and the deposition of sand landward of the beach crest. Washover, the sand deposited by overwash, contributes to the sediment budget and migration of barrier islands. The ability to predict the occurrence, location, and thickness of overwash deposits is important for coastal residents, coastal town planners, environmental planners, and engineers alike. In this study, a numerical model that simulates the sediment transport and one-dimensional barrier profile change caused by overwash was developed. The magnitude of overwash and the morphology of washovers are dependent on the overwash regime. New formulae are developed to estimate the sediment transport rate over the beach crest for both run-up overwash, using ballistics theory, and inundation overwash, treating flow over the crest as weir flow. Two-dimensional flow is described on the back barrier by considering the continuity of a block of water at steady state, taking into account lateral spreading, friction, and infiltration. The model is tested against 26 different beach profile sets from several different locations, and several different storms, exhibiting a variety of initial morphologies. The model is capable of reproducing varying overwash morphology responses including dune crest erosion, dune destruction, barrier rollback, the thinning of a washover deposit on the backbarrier, and overwash over a multiple dune system.
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| 29. |
- Donnelly, Chantal, et al.
(författare)
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Morphologic Classification of Coastal Overwash
- 2006
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - : World Scientific Publishing Company. ; , s. 2805-2817
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of pre- and post-storm beach profile data was assembled and the profiles classified into seven different cross-shore morphology change types resulting from overwash. These were crest accumulation, dune/berm translation, dune lowering, dune destruction, barrier accretion, short-term barrier rollover, and barrier destruction. Pre- and post-storm barrier profile sets from recent laboratory experiments also fell into the new classification system. Forcing mechanisms for the different categories are suggested. Understanding of the mechanisms leading to different types of cross-shore morphologic change is useful in developing cross-shore profile numerical modelling capabilities.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Donnelly, Chantal, et al.
(författare)
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One-line modelling of complex beach conditions: An application to coastal erosion at Hai Hau beach in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - : World Scientific Publishing Company. - 0378-3839. ; 1-4, s. 2449-2461
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term shoreline evolution at Hai Hau Beach in the Red River Delta, Vietnam was simulated using the one-line model GENESIS (Hanson, 1989). Dikes were modelled as seawalls and the sediment continuity equation in GENESIS was modified to take into account the offshore transport of fine-grained sediment. The model performed well, reproducing the magnitude and trend of the long-term shoreline change. Additionally, a net shoreline transport to the southwest was calculated which is in agreement with observations and the estimates of local engineers.
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| 32. |
- Erikson, Li, et al.
(författare)
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A method to extract wave tank data using video imagery and its comparison to conventional data collection techniques
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Computers & Geosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7803 .- 0098-3004. ; 31:3, s. 371-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A procedure for obtaining quantitative wave and morphodynamic data in a laboratory setting using video images has been developed. The steps include image capture, rectification, and data extraction. All the necessary steps were maintained within the MATLAB environment so the process was streamlined and large amounts of data processed. The procedure involves the use of a program to rectify images, correcting for both lens distortion and camera position. A second program automatically extracts data from images to allow for high spatial and time frequency analysis. The method is shown to produce acceptable results as compared to more conventional methods of measuring wave and profile parameters in a wave tank experiment.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Erikson, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory Investigation of Beach Scarp and Dune Recession Due to Notching and Subsequent Failure
- 2007
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Ingår i: Marine Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-3227. ; 245:1-4, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytical models to calculate notch development and subsequent mass failure of dunes are presented. The notch evolution model is based on a transport equation for sediment from the dune and the sediment volume conservation equation, whereas the models of mass failure are derived using elementary engineering statics and soil mechanics. An empirical transport coefficient in the model describing the notch growth rate is found to be related to the hydrodynamic forcing at the dune normalized by geotechnical parameters describing the resistive strength of the dune. Two modes of mass failure are modeled whereby the overhang generated by the removal of material from the dune foot (notching) slides downward or topples over following the development of a tensile crack some distance shoreward of the maximum notch depth. The accuracy of the notch evolution and mass failure models are assessed by comparing calculated recession distances against measurements from a small-scale laboratory experiment.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Erikson, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of swash motion and run-up including the effects of swash interaction
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3839. ; 52:3, s. 285-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modifications to a model describing swash motion based on solutions to the non-linear shallow water equations were made to account for interaction between up-rush and back-wash at the still water shoreline and within the swash zone. Inputs to the model are wave heights and arrival times at the still water shoreline. The model was tested against wave groups representing idealized vessel-generated wave trains run in a small wave tank experiment. Accounting for swash interaction markedly improved results with respect to the maximum ran-up length for cases with rather gentle foreshore slopes (tan beta = 0.07). For the case with a steep foreshore slope (tan beta = 0.20) there was very little improvement compared to model results if swash interaction was not accounted for. In addition, an equation was developed to predict the onset and degree of swash interaction including the effects of bed friction.
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| 38. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Fredriksson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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LONG-TERM MODELLING OF AEOLIAN TRANSPORT AND BEACH-DUNE EVOLUTION
- 2017
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Ingår i: ; , s. 715-726
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A model to simulate long-term beach-dune evolution due to interacting longshore and cross-shore sediment transport processes is developed and tested. The work builds on a cross-shore model (CSM) previously developed at Lund University and includes changes to the equations describing aeolian transport and morphological evolution. The modifications are mainly based on existing conceptual geomorphological models which are translated into a numerical model, dealing with aeolian transport rates, transport limiting factors, and dune evolution under positive, negative, or stable beach sediment budgets. CSM is tested against a seven year data set of morphological evolution and sedimentgrain-size samples from Ängelholm Beach, Sweden. Results show a satisfactory fit between the simulated and observed evolution, although not all processes could be validated due to the limited temporal extent of the data set.
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| 41. |
- Fredriksson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Planering för ett förändrat klimat – strategi för att hantera stigande havsnivåer i fysisk planering i Ystad, Skåne
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 70:4, s. 205-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ystads kommun arbetar med en fördjupning av översiktsplanen för staden Ystad med omnejd. Ystads havsnära läge gör att klimatförändringen kommer att innebära stora utmaningar. Stigande havsnivåer väntas leda till ökade erosions- och översvämningsrisker i kustnära områden. Samtidigt är efterfrågan på havsnära boende stor och kommunen planerar att bygga ut staden mot havet. Författarna har utrett klimatförändringens effekter och föreslagit en strategi för hur kommunen ska bemöta klimatförändringen i sin fysiska planering. Strategin är proaktiv och innebär att staden i vissa delar skyddas genom ny exploatering framför den befintliga bebyggelsen. Sandstränder och naturområden skyddas genom åtgärder som ökar deras attraktivitet så att kommunen kan fortsätta att utveckla sin turistnäring. Strategin har som målsättning att klimatanpassningen ska utföras så att den tillför ett värde för Ystad och inte enbart ses som en kostnad. Skyddsåtgärder bör vara flexibla och anpassningsbara till förändrade prognoser och teknikutveckling. Eftersom osäkerheterna är så stora inför vad klimatförändringen kommer att innebära bör kommunen sträva efter att göra så lite som möjligt, så sent som möjligt, men ändå inte för sent.
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| 42. |
- Fredriksson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTREME SEA WATER LEVELS AT THE FALSTERBO PENINSULA, SOUTH SWEDEN
- 2016
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 2016:2, s. 129-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Falsterbo Peninsula on the south coast of Sweden is low-lying and exposed to flooding. In 1872 the extreme storm surge Backafloden caused large devastation on the Swedish, Danish, and German coasts in the South Baltic Sea. For the Falsterbo Peninsula, the peak storm surge level is estimated to have been 240 cm above normal. If a similar event happened today, the consequences would be far worse, as extensive flood prone areas have been developed since 1872. Due to climate change, the mean sea level is expected to rise and increase the flood risk unless preventive measures are taken. This paper discusses the occurrence of extreme sea levels at the Falsterbo Peninsula and design levels for coastal protection. Sea level observations from Skanör, Klagshamn, and Ystad are analysed with General Extreme Value and General Pareto Distribution models to estimate sea levels with return periods of 100–500 years. The estimated return period of the 1872 event, based on these models, resulted in an unrealistically low probability. To better understand the statistical behaviour of extreme storm surges of this magnitude on the Swedish south coast, development of more advanced statistical models will be required.
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| 43. |
- Frey, Ashley E., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling alternatives for erosion control at Matagorda County, Texas, with Gencade
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference : 33rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering 2012 - 33rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matagorda Peninsula and Sargent Beach, Texas, USA, have experienced some of the highest rates of erosion along the Texas coast. In order to increase protection from tropical events and slow beach habitat erosion, several structural alternatives were studied. These alternatives were modeled with GenCade, a newly developed 1D shoreline change and sand transport model. GenCade was calibrated and validated over the 60 miles of shoreline in Matagorda County. Then separate GenCade grids and simulations were conducted for the structural alternatives at Matagorda Peninsula and Sargent Beach. At Matagorda Peninsula, different groin lengths and spacing between groins were modeled with and without beach fills and mechanical bypassing. The alternatives at Sargent Beach included detached breakwaters, groins, and beach fills. Although the process described in this paper only includes a small part of a more detailed study, these simulations helped lead to a recommendation of the selected alternatives for preliminary engineering design.
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| 44. |
- Gravens, Mark B., et al.
(författare)
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Physical model investigation of morphology development at headland structures
- 2006
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - : World Scientific Publishing Company. ; , s. 3617-3629
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes four series of physical model experiments conducted to understand the response of the beach to headland structures. Data sets were generated for testing predictive relationships for sand transport in the presence of waves and an external current and testing of model algorithms for simulating salients and tombolos behind nearshore headland structures. The paper summarizes the experiment set up, and data collected in the physical model, processes driving the morphology development, and quantification of the time rate of morphology change behind headland structures as well as the observed sediment transport pathways.
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| 45. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of required beach nourishment volumes along the south coast of Sweden during 2017–2100
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 2017:3, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beach erosion is expected to increase as the sea level rises during the coming decades. A retreating coastline threat ens infrastructure, settlements, nature habitats, and at the same time increases the flood risk in low-lying areas. On the Swedish south coast, beach erosion is a problem at present likely to increase due to the sea level rise. For main taining the beaches and protecting the hinterland, beach nourishment is generally the preferred method. Cost effective and environmental friendly beach nourishment projects are dependent on marine borrow areas for sand. Outside the Swedish south coast there are several identified suitable marine sand extraction sites. Sand is, however, a limited resource and the construction industry in Sweden has begun to show interest in marine sand as material for concrete production. Therefore, the municipalities along the Swedish south coast need to quantify the ex pected demand for sand in order to maintain their beaches. A methodology was derived in this study to estimate the sand volume needed to maintain a beach based on the historical coastal morphological evolution and the ex pected increase in erosion due to sea level rise. The methodology has been applied on the Swedish south coast. Sand volume needed to maintain beaches, for a scenario where the mean sea level rises with 1 meter until year 2100 and including the observed long-term morphological evolution due to gradients in the longshore transport, is calculated to be approximately 44 million m3 . The required volume corresponds to 6% of the potential volume for marine sand extraction in the area. To preserve the sandy beaches for future generations, a minimum of 44 million m3 sand should be earmarked for beach nourishment purposes in the marine spatial plans
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| 46. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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EXTREME VALUE ANALYSIS OF WAVE RUNUP AND DUNE EROSION AT ÄNGELHOLM BEACH, SOUTH SWEDEN : EXTREMVÄRDESANALYS AV VÅGUPPSPOLNING OCH DYNEROSION VID ÄNGELHOLMS STRAND
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 75:2, s. 227-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här studien används extremvärdesanalys för att beräkna våguppspolning och årlig dynerosion med 10, 50, och 100 års återkomsttid. Frekvensanalysen baseras på en 40 år lång tidsserie med simulerad dynerosion och våguppspolning från Ängelholms strand i Skälderviken. Med SMB-metoden beräknas vågor ute till havs som sedan transformeras till kustnära vågor i vågmodellen SWAN. Våguppspolningen beräknas med en formel av Hunt-typ och dynerosionen med en semi-empirisk formel som relaterar erosionsvolymen till vågornas kraft mot dynen. Resultatet visar att dynhöjden längs den största delen av stranden är högre än den mest extrema beräknade våguppspolningen. Dynerna längs stranden skyddar ett bakomliggande bostadsområde mot översvämning och erosion. Beräkningarna visar att dynvolymen idag skyddar mot skador som kan uppkomma vid extrema stormar. Emellertid har inga långtidsförändringar av dynvolymen till följd av stigande havsnivåer eller gradienter i den kustparallella sedimenttransportenbeaktats i denna studie.
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| 47. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of sediment supply on decadal-scale dune evolution — Analysis and modelling of the Kennemer dunes in the Netherlands
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Ingår i: Geomorphology. - 0169-555X. ; 337, s. 94-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the impact of beach sediment supply on dune volume evolution through data analysis and model simulations of the Kennemer dunes in the Netherlands. A cross-shore sediment transport model (the CS-model) is applied with local time-averaged longshore sediment transport gradients derived from bathymetric and topographic observations. The model is used to study the relative importance of different transport processes on dune volume evolution, assuming that aeolian transport from the beach to the dune is supply-limited. The wave-driven longshore transport gradients are found to explain a large part of the observed variation in the dune evolution within the study area. In accreting parts of the coast, dunes are growing due to sediment supply from longshore transport, whereas in eroding parts, dune growth depends on supply from artificial nourishments. Seasonal constructions on the beach and vegetation removal from the dunes partly impede dune growth along the considered stretch of coast. The model performance is satisfactory, being able to reproduce a considerable part of the large variation in the alongshore dune response observed in the study area. Overall, the results are a promising contribution to the capability of simulating decadal-scale dune evolution, which is important for long-term flood risk assessments and safe designs of nature-based solutions.
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| 48. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Longshore Transport Variability of Beach Face Grain Size : Implications for Dune Evolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Coastal Research. - 0749-0208. ; 35:4, s. 751-764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates grain-size sorting through longshore transport processes and how it influences dune evolution.The analysis is based on a data set of 58 sediment samples distributed alongshore over a 6.5-km-long sandy beach in Ängelholm, Sweden. Grain size differs significantly from north to south, where median grain size varies from about 0.4–0.15 mm. The long-term coastal evolution is derived from shoreline change analysis of a series of aerial photos from the1940s until today and from longshore sediment transport rates calculated on the basis of wave data simulated by the SWAN wave model employed in the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) formula. The results show an almost unidirectional longshore transport from north to south; the beach is eroding in the northern part and accreting in thesouthern part. The McLaren model, a grain size–based model to predict transport direction, was tested against the grainsize data. The test indicated transport in the opposite direction. This result supports previous studies suggesting that the McLaren model has limited applicability for sandy beaches with a dominant longshore transport. The sediment sampleswere collected at the mid–beach face position in an area where sediment is supplied to the beach during accreting conditions. Sediment in the appropriate grain size to build dunes—at this beach, 0.2–0.3 mm—was found in the parts ofthe beach where the dunes are growing. In the eroding parts, the sediment was coarser, suggesting that the longshore transport influences the supply of sediment for aeolian transport. The gradients in longshore transport rate were also found to affect dune morphology; the dunes were higher in the eroding and stable parts of the beach and lower in the accreting parts.
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| 49. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to : McLaren, P., 2019. Discussion of: Hallin, C.; Almström, B.; Larson, M., and Hanson, H., 2019. Longshore Transport Variability of Beach Face Grain Size: Implications for Dune Evolution. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(4), 751-764.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Coastal Research. - 0749-0208. ; 35:6, s. 1368-1371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 50. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating beach and dune evolution at decadal to centennial scale under rising sea levels
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical model for simulating beach-dune evolution at decadal to centennial time scales is developed. The work builds on an existing semi-empirical cross-shore model, the CS-model, to which the effect of sea level rise is added and the routines for aeolian transport and morphological dune evolution are improved. The model development is based on established conceptual models from the literature, which are translated into mathematical formulations and solved numerically. The capability of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case study at Ängelholm Beach, Sweden. The model is calibrated and validated against a seven-year long data set on morphological evolution and sediment grain-size samples. Beach and dune evolution is then simulated from 2018 to 2100 for a range of sea level rise scenarios. The model results are promising, and suggest that the model has potential to be used for long-term assessment of climate change impact on beaches and dunes.
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