| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Fernandez, Celine, et al.
(författare)
-
Hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary for normal mobilization of lipids during sub-maximal exercise.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1555 .- 0193-1849. ; 295, s. 179-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the working muscle there are a number of fuels available for oxidative metabolism, including glycogen, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Non-esterified fatty acids originate from lipolysis in white adipose tissue, from hydrolysis of VLDL-triglycerides or from hydrolysis of intramyocellular triglyceride stores. A key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from intracellular lipid stores is hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic response of HSL-null mice challenged with exercise or fasting and to examine if other lipases are able to fully compensate for the lack of HSL. The results showed that HSL-null mice have reduced capacity to perform aerobic exercise. The liver glycogen stores were more rapidly depleted in HSL-null mice during treadmill exercise and HSL-null mice had reduced plasma concentrations of both glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids after exercise and fasting, respectively. The data support the hypothesis that in the absence of HSL mice are not able to respond to an exercise challenge with increased mobilization of the lipid stores. Consequently, the impact of the lipid sparing effect on liver glycogen will be reduced in the HSL-null mice, resulting in faster depletion of this energy source, contributing to the decreased endurance during sub-maximal exercise. Key words: Treadmill exercise, lipid metabolism, glycogen, skeletal muscle, liver.
|
|
| 4. |
- Henryson, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental performance of crop cultivation at different sites and nitrogen rates in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - : SPRINGER. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 114:2, s. 139-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) fertilisation has positive and negative effects on the environmental impact of crop cultivation. The mechanisms governing these effects are highly site-dependent, a factor often ignored in assessments of the environmental impact of crop cultivation. By assessing outputs of crop rotations using a life cycle approach, this study explored how greenhouse gas emissions and marine eutrophication caused by crop cultivation (including upstream processes such as production of farm inputs) depend on fertiliser rate and the site at which the cultivation occurs. Cereal unit (CU) was used as the functional unit. The calculations were based on data from multi-site long-term field experiments in Sweden and site-dependent data and models for non-measured processes. Cultivation at three N levels was evaluated, where the highest N rate was close to current average practices and the lowest level corresponded to one-third of that. Site characteristics had a stronger influence on both greenhouse gas emissions and marine eutrophication (variations of up to 330% and 490%, respectively, within N levels) than N level (variations of up to 74% and 59%, respectively, within sites). Main sources of variation in greenhouse gas emissions were soil nitrous oxide emissions (58-810g CO2eqCU-1) and soil organic carbon changes (14-720g CO2eqCU-1), while variations in marine eutrophication were mainly explained by field-level waterborne N losses (0.9-8.2g NeqCU-1). The large variation between sites highlights the importance of considering site characteristics when assessing the environmental impact of crop cultivation and evaluating the environmental consequences of crop management practices.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ström, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
Attainment of brown adipocyte features in white adipocytes of hormone-sensitive lipase null mice.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, where it plays an important role in catecholamine-stimulated hydrolysis of stored tri- and diglycerides, thus mobilizing fatty acids. HSL exhibits broad substrate specificity and besides acylglycerides it hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters, retinyl esters and lipoidal esters. Despite its role in fatty acid mobilization, HSL null mice have been shown to be resistant to diet-induced obesity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Following a high-fat diet (HFD) regimen, energy expenditure, measured using indirect calorimetry, was increased in HSL null mice. White adipose tissue of HSL null mice was characterized by reduced mass and reduced protein expression of PPARgamma, a key transcription factor in adipogenesis, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, the expression of which is known to be positively correlated to the differentiation state of the adipocyte. The protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), the highly specific marker of brown adipocytes, was increased 7-fold in white adipose tissue of HSL null mice compared to wildtype littermates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the size of mitochondria of white adipocytes of HSL null mice. The mRNA expression of pRb and RIP140 was decreased in isolated white adipocytes, while the expression of UCP-1 and CPT1 was increased in HSL null mice compared to wildtype littermates. Basal oxygen consumption was increased almost 3-fold in white adipose tissue of HSL null mice and was accompanied by increased uncoupling activity. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that HSL is involved in the determination of white versus brown adipocytes during adipocyte differentiation The exact mechanism(s) underlying this novel role of HSL remains to be elucidated, but it seems clear that HSL is required to sustain normal expression levels of pRb and RIP140, which both promote differentiation into the white, rather than the brown, adipocyte lineage.
|
|
| 6. |
- Voss, Logan J., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation into the effect of the general anaesthetic etomidate on local neuronal synchrony in the mouse neocortical slice
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1526, s. 65-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How general anaesthetic drugs cause unconsciousness is a topic of ongoing clinical and scientific interest. It is becoming increasingly apparent that they disrupt cortical information processing, but the effects appear to depend on the spatial scale under investigation. In this study we investigated whether the intravenous anaesthetic etomidate synchronises neuronal activity on a sub-millimetre scale in mouse neocortical slices. In slices generating no-magnesium seizure-like event (SLE) field activity, we analysed the morphology of field potential activity recorded with 50 mu m extracellular electrodes. The analysis was based on the understanding that the amplitude and sheerness of field potential oscillations correlates with the synchrony of the underlying neural activity. When recorded from the region of the slice initiating SLE activity, etomidate consistently increased both population event amplitude (median(range) 85(24-350) to 101(30-427) mu V) and slope 16.6(1.5-106.2) to 20.2(1.7-111.1) mu V/ms (p=0.016 and p=0.0013, respectively). The results are consistent with an increase in neuronal synchrony within the receptive field of the recording electrode, estimated to be a circle diameter of 300 mu m. In conclusion, the neocortical slice preparation supports in vivo data showing that general anaesthetics increase neuronal synchrony on a local scale and provides an ideal model for investigating underlying mechanisms.
|
|
| 7. |
- Voss, Logan J., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation into the effect of the general anaesthetics etomidate and ketamine on long-range coupling of population activity in the mouse neocortical slice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 689:1-3, s. 111-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General anaesthetics have been hypothesised to ablate consciousness by decoupling intracortical neural connectivity. We explored this by investigating the effect of etomidate and ketamine on coupling of neural population activity using the low magnesium neocortical slice model. Four extracellular electrodes (50 mu m) were positioned in mouse neocortical slices (400 mu m thick) with varying separation. The effect of etomidate (24 mu M) and ketamine (16 mu M) on the timing of population activity recorded between channels was analysed. No decoupling was observed at the closest electrode separation of 0.2 mm. At 4 mm separation, decoupling was observed in 50% and 42% of slices during etomidate and ketamine delivery, respectively (P less than 0.0001 and P=0.002, compared to 0.2mm separation). A lower rate of decoupling was observed with 1 mm separation (21% and 8%, respectively, P less than 0.03 for etomidate compared to 0.2 mm separation). The data support the hypothesis that mechanistically diverse general anaesthetics disrupt neuronal connectivity across widely distributed intracortical networks.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
-
EU sustainability criteria for biofuels : Uncertainties in GHG emissions from cultivation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 3:4, s. 399-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cultivation of raw material represents a large proportion of biofuelś GHG emissions. The EU renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC specifies a GHG emission default value for cultivation of biofuel raw material (23 g CO2-e/MJ ethanol for wheat). The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in GHG emissions for wheat cultivation in Sweden, considering uncertainty and variability in data at farm level. Results: Two levels of data collection at farm level were analyzed; simple (only yield and amount of N) and advanced (also including amounts and types of energy). The 2.5-97.5 percentile uncertainty for Swedish winter wheat was 20-27 g CO 2-e/MJ, which can be considered large in the context of the Directives threshold of 23 g (to two significant figures). Conclusion: It is concluded that quantifying GHG emissions in order to regulate biofuels is a difficult task, especially emissions from cultivation, since these are biological systems with large variability.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Multisystemisk terapi för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem : Resultat efter två år
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multisystemisk terapi (MST) är en strukturerad öppenvårdsbehandling som vänder sig till familjer med ungdomar som har beteendeproblem. MST har utvecklats i USA som ett alternativ till placering utom hemmet. MST lägger stor vikt vid att arbeta med alla de system som en ung människa finns i (t.ex. familjen, skolan kamratkretsen). Arbetet styrs av konkreta behandlingsmål som i sin tur bestämmer valet av interventioner. Behandlingen utvärderas regelbundet genom intervjuer med föräldrarna. MST-arbetet utförs inom små team bestående av tre till fyra terapeuter och en teamledare. Varje terapeut arbetar med familjen under fyra till sex månader. Terapeuterna/teamet finns tillgängliga dygnet runt.I den här studien jämförs MST med socialtjänstens traditionella insatser (t.ex. placering i dygnsvård, samtalsstöd, familjeterapi). Undersökningsgruppen utgörs av 156 ungdomar mellan 12 och 17 år med allvarliga beteendeproblem motsvarande kriterier i den psykiatriska diagnosen uppförandestörning (eng. conduct disorder). Ungdomarna har fördelats till MST eller traditionell behandling genom randomisering. Utvärderingen berör 27 kommunala förvaltningar och sammanlagt sex MST-team från Göteborg, Halmstad, Malmö och Stockholm. Totalt har elva olika mätinstrument använts för att beskriva ungdomarnas psykiska problem, normbrytande beteende (inkl. kriminalitet), drogbruk, sociala förmågor, förhållande till kamrater, familjerelationer, känsla av sammanhang samt föräldrarnas psykiska hälsa. Dessutom har information om insatser och dess kostnader inhämtats från socialtjänstens akter samt från Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS). I den här rapporten beskrivs ungdomarnas situation efter två år samt en ekonomisk analys av samhällets kostnader
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment as usual in effectiveness studies : what is it and does it matter?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 22:1, s. 25-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hallmark of an evidence-based practice (EBP) is the systematic appraisal of research related to the effectiveness of interventions. This study addressed the issue of interpreting results from effectiveness studies that use treatment-as-usual (TAU) as a comparator. Using randomised controlled studies that evaluate the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy as an illustrative example, we show that TAU includes a wide variety of treatment alternatives. Estimated treatment effects on recidivism suggest that TAU seems to contain a greater variation in underlying risk than experimental conditions, supporting the hypothesis that the content of TAU could affect outcomes. Implications for the realisation of an EBP are discussed.
|
|
| 14. |
-
Att leva med bakterier : Möjligheter till ett levbart immunitärt liv
- 2021
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att leva med bakterier: möjligheter till ett levbart immunitärt liv är en antologi som tvärvetenskapligt undersöker betydelsen av bakteriers växande antibiotikaresistens. Detta är en förändring som håller på att göra antibiotikan ineffektiv och därmed omskapa den mänskliga historien på lång sikt. Det uppskattas att tio miljoner människor år 2050 kommer att dö av infektioner som inte längre svarar på den i dag tillgängliga antibiotikan. Hur kan vi här och nu hitta alternativa vägar mot en mer levbar framtid – med eller utan verksam antibiotika? Antologin är ett resultat av det tvärvetenskapliga forskarsamarbete som under 2019-20 bedrevs vid Pufendorfinstitutet, Lunds universitetet under Temat Postantibiotiska framtider. I antologin utvecklar tio forskare sina tankar och idéer kring hur samhället idag och i morgon kan utformas för att hantera smittämnen som bakterier och virus i vår vardag. Smittämnen det i framtiden kanske inte finns något botemedel mot.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Björnfot, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebral arterial stiffness is linked to white matter hyperintensities and perivascular spaces in older adults : a 4D flow MRI study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : Sage Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 44:8, s. 1343-1351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- White matter hyperintensities (WMH), perivascular spaces (PVS) and lacunes are common MRI features of small vessel disease (SVD). However, no shared underlying pathological mechanism has been identified. We investigated whether SVD burden, in terms of WMH, PVS and lacune status, was related to changes in the cerebral arterial wall by applying global cerebral pulse wave velocity (gcPWV) measurements, a newly described marker of cerebral vascular stiffness. In a population-based cohort of 190 individuals, 66–85 years old, SVD features were estimated from T1-weighted and FLAIR images while gcPWV was estimated from 4D flow MRI data. Additionally, the gcPWV’s stability to variations in field-of-view was analyzed. The gcPWV was 10.82 (3.94) m/s and displayed a significant correlation to WMH and white matter PVS volume (r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.21, p = 0.004 respectively from nonparametric tests) that persisted after adjusting for age, blood pressure variables, body mass index, ApoB/A1 ratio, smoking as well as cerebral pulsatility index, a previously suggested early marker of SVD. The gcPWV displayed satisfactory stability to field-of-view variations. Our results suggest that SVD is accompanied by changes in the cerebral arterial wall that can be captured by considering the velocity of the pulse wave transmission through the cerebral arterial network.
|
|
| 21. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Så startar Sverige om
- 2020
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Brounéus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
”Vi måste förbereda oss för att antibiotika slutar fungera”
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2021-02-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 11 forskare: En framtid utan verksam antibiotika är inte nödvändigtvis ett undergångsscenario eller en nattsvart dystopi. Men samhällets alla sektorer måste förbereda sig i god tid. Då kan detta postantibiotiska samhälle mycket väl utgöra en levbar framtid.
|
|
| 27. |
- Burguillos Garcia, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
-
Microchannel Acoustophoresis does not Impact Survival or Function of Microglia, Leukocytes or Tumor Cells.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of acoustic forces to manipulate particles or cells at the microfluidic scale (i.e. acoustophoresis), enables non-contact, label-free separation based on intrinsic cell properties such as size, density and compressibility. Acoustophoresis holds great promise as a cell separation technique in several research and clinical areas. However, it has been suggested that the force acting upon cells undergoing acoustophoresis may impact cell viability, proliferation or cell function via subtle phenotypic changes. If this were the case, it would suggest that the acoustophoresis method would be a less useful tool for many cell analysis applications as well as for cell therapy.
|
|
| 28. |
- Clemedson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of an in vitro test battery for the estimation of acute human systemic toxicity : An outline of the EDIT project. Evaluation-guided Development of New In Vitro Test Batteries
- 2002
-
Ingår i: ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals). - 0261-1929. ; 30:3, s. 313-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the Evaluation-guided Development of new In Vitro Test Batteries (EDIT) multicentre programme is to establish and validate in vitro tests relevant to toxicokinetics and for organ-specific toxicity, to be incorporated into optimal test batteries for the estimation of human acute systemic toxicity. The scientific basis of EDIT is the good prediction of human acute toxicity obtained with three human cell line tests (R(2) = 0.77), in the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. However, the results from the MEIC study indicated that at least two other types of in vitro test ought to be added to the existing test battery to improve the prediction of human acute systemic toxicity - to determine key kinetic events (such as biotransformation and passage through biological barriers), and to predict crucial organ-specific mechanisms not covered by the tests in the MEIC battery. The EDIT programme will be a case-by-case project, but the establishment and validation of new tests will be carried through by a common, step-wise procedure. The Scientific Committee of the EDIT programme defines the need for a specific set of toxicity or toxicokinetic data. Laboratories are then invited to perform the defined tests in order to provide the "missing" data for the EDIT reference chemicals. The results obtained will be evaluated against the MEMO (the MEIC Monograph programme) database, i.e. against human acute systemic lethal and toxicity data. The aim of the round-table discussions at the 19th Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology (SSCT) workshop, held in Ringsted, Denmark on 6-9 September 2001, was to identify which tests are the most important for inclusion in the MEIC battery, i.e. which types of tests the EDIT programme should focus on. It was proposed that it is important to include in vitro methods for various kinetic events, such as biotransformation, absorption in the gut, passage across the blood-brain barrier, distribution volumes, protein binding, and renal clearance/accumulation. Models for target organ toxicity were also discussed. Because several of the outlier chemicals (paracetamol, digoxin, malathion, nicotine, paraquat, atropine and potassium cyanide) in the MEIC in vivo-in vitro evaluation have a neurotoxic potential, it was proposed that the development within the EDIT target organ programme should initially be focused on the nervous system.
|
|
| 29. |
- De Bustos, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of copy number variation in normal human population within a region containing complex segmental duplications on 22q11 using high resolution array-CGH
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 88:2, s. 152-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously detected copy number polymorphism (Ep CNP) in patients affected with neuroectodermal tumors led us to investigate its frequency and length in the normal population. For this purpose, a program called Sequence Allocator was developed and applied for the construction of an array that consisted of unique and duplicated fragments, allowing the assessment of copy number variation within regions of segmental duplications. The average resolution of this array was 11 kb and we determined the size of the Ep CNP to be 290 kb. Analysis of normal controls identified 7.7 and 7.1% gains in peripheral blood and lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) DNA, respectively, while deletions were found only in the LCL group (7.1%). This array platform allows the detection of DNA copy number variation within regions of pronounced genomic complexity, which constitutes an improvement over available technologies.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
-
Efter antibiotika : Om smitta i en ny tid
- 2021
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Antibiotikaresistens väcker vår oro. Det är inte konstigt – varje år dör hundratusentals människor runt om i världen på grund av infektioner av resistenta bakterier, och problemet växer. Är vi på väg mot en värld utan verksam antibiotika? Vad skulle en sådan postantibiotisk framtid i så fall innebära för mänskligheten? I denna tvärvetenskapliga antologi diskuterar forskare med olika inriktningar människans sätt att förhålla sig till antibiotika. Med utgångspunkt i frågor som rör medicin, politik, kultur, kommunikation och arkitektur utforskar de antibiotikans historiska, sociala, ekonomiska och politiska dimensioner. Tillsammans visar de möjliga vägar till en levbar framtid som präglas av en mer hållbar relation till läkemedel, bakterier och socialt liv. Boken ges ut i samarbete med Pufendorfinstitutet vid Lunds universitet och den ideella organisationen Vetenskap & Allmänhet.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Ekström, Cecilia, 1989-
(författare)
-
Enabling and Coercive Control : Coexistence in the Case of Banking
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on subjects of control and attitudinal outcomes of formalized control in organizations. Previous research have concluded contradicting results of whether formalized control is positive or negative for the employees and propose that not only degree of formalization, but also type of formalization, can explain attitudinal outcomes.With the theoretical perspective of Adler and Borys’ concepts of enabling and coercive types of control, this thesis explore the concepts and practices of enabling and coercive control, and their relationships with attitudinal outcomes. This is done with a focus on the banking industry, which serve as a case of an extensively regulated context. An assumption put forth in this thesis is that the context in which individuals are part must be considered in the study of attitudinal outcomes of control.The analysis show that both enabling and coercive control can be found in banking, for example in business plans and regulations. However, the picture emerging is more complex than enabling control leading to positive attitudes, and coercive control leading to negative attitudes. Also, coexistence of enabling and coercive control is responded to with decoupling and acquiescence, and by drawing on global transparency.Based on these findings, together with theoretical elaborations, this thesis contribute to the literature of enabling and coercive control in a number of ways. First, it make explicit central concepts and relationships within the theory, such as design vs. perception, the role of zone of indifference as an outcome of control, and enabling and coercive control as dual roles or qual-ities of control. Moreover, this thesis suggests that multiple-level explanations to attitudinal outcomes of control, where contextual and institutional structures are considered, helps us understand attitudes to control in this context. Lastly, this thesis contribute to the notion of coexistence of enabling and coercive control by showing that coexistence can be simultaneous systems, and simultaneous cognitions, where a control can be perceived as both enabling and coercive at the same time.
|
|
| 34. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate impact and energy efficiency from electricity generation through anaerobic digestion or direct combustion of short rotation coppice willow
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 132, s. 86-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short rotation coppice willow is an energy crop used in Sweden to produce electricity and heat in combined heat and power plants. Recent laboratory-scale experiments have shown that SRC willow can also be used for biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes.Here, life cycle assessment is used to compare the climate impact and energy efficiency of electricity and heat generated by these measures. All energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions, including soil organic carbon fluxes were included in the life cycle assessment. The climate impact was determined using time-dependent life cycle assessment methodology.Both systems showed a positive net energy balance, but the direct combustion system delivered ninefold more energy than the biogas system. Both systems had a cooling effect on the global mean surface temperature change. The cooling impact per hectare from the biogas system was ninefold higher due to the carbon returned to soil with the digestate.Compensating the lower energy production of the biogas system with external energy sources had a large impact on the result, effectively determining whether the biogas scenario had a net warming or cooling contribution to the global mean temperature change per kWh of electricity. In all cases, the contribution to global warming was lowered by the inclusion of willow in the energy system. The use of time-dependent climate impact methodology shows that extended use of short rotation coppice willow can contribute to counteract global warming. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 35. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-dependent climate impact and energy efficiency of combined heat and power production from short-rotation coppice willow using pyrolysis or direct combustion
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:5, s. 876-890
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A life cycle assessment of a Swedish short-rotation coppice willow bioenergy system generating electricity and heat was performed to investigate how the energy efficiency and time-dependent climate impact were affected when the feedstock was converted into bio-oil and char before generating electricity and heat, compared with being combusted directly. The study also investigated how the climate impact was affected when part of the char was applied to soil as biochar to act as a carbon sequestration agent and potential soil improver. The energy efficiencies were calculated separately for electricity and heat as the energy ratios between the amount of energy service delivered by the system compared to the amount of external energy inputs used in each scenario after having allocated the primary energy related to the inputs between the two energy services. The energy in the feedstock was not included in the external energy inputs. Direct combustion had the highest energy efficiency. It had energy ratios of 10 and 36 for electricity and heat, respectively. The least energy-efficient scenario was the pyrolysis scenario where biochar was applied to soils. It had energy ratios of 4 and 12 for electricity and heat, respectively. The results showed that pyrolysis with carbon sequestration might be an option to counteract the current trend in global warming. The pyrolysis system with soil application of the biochar removed the largest amount of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, compared with the direct combustion scenario, the climate change mitigation potential depended on the energy system to which the bioenergy system delivered its energy services. A system expansion showed that direct combustion had the highest climate change mitigation potential when coal or natural gas were used as external energy sources to compensate for the lower energy efficiency of the pyrolysis scenario.
|
|
| 36. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-dependent climate impact of a bioenergy system - methodology development and application to Swedish conditions
- 2013
-
Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 5, s. 580-590
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The area of dedicated energy crops is expected to increase in Sweden. This will result in direct land use changes, which may affect the carbon stocks in soil and biomass, as well as yield levels and the use of inputs. Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of biomass are often not considered when calculating the climate impact in life cycle assessments (LCA) assuming that the CO2 released at combustion has recently been captured by the biomass in question. With the extended time lag between capture and release of CO2 inherent in many perennial bioenergy systems, the relation between carbon neutrality and climate neutrality may be questioned. In this paper, previously published methodologies and models are combined in a methodological framework that can assist LCA practitioners in interpreting the time-dependent climate impact of a bioenergy system. The treatment of carbon differs from conventional LCA practice in that no distinction is made between fossil and biogenic carbon. A time-dependent indicator is used to enable a representation of the climate impact that is not dependent on the choice of a specific characterization time horizon or time of evaluation and that does not use characterization factors, such as global warming potential and global temperature potential. The indicator used to aid in the interpretation phase of this paper is global mean surface temperature change (T-s(n)). A theoretical system producing willow for district heating was used to study land use change effects depending on previous land use and variations in the standing biomass carbon stocks. When replacing annual crops with willow this system presented a cooling contribution to T-s(n). However, the first years after establishing the willow plantation it presented a warming contribution to T-s(n). This behavior was due mainly to soil organic carbon (SOC) variation. A rapid initial increase in standing biomass counteracted the initial SOC loss.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Ferm Widlund, Kjerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Pregnant women are satisfied with the information they receive about prenatal diagnosis, but are their decisions well informed?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 88:10, s. 1128-1132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. To survey the information about prenatal diagnosis that midwives give to pregnant women and to find out how the women experience the information. Furthermore, to evaluate the midwives' opinion about their knowledge and personal need for education. DESIGN. Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING. The southeast healthcare region of Sweden. METHODS. One hundred and fifty-seven midwives and 150 pregnant women were invited to reply to a confidential questionnaire in 2008. RESULTS. The reply rate was 78% for the midwives and 53% for the women. Ninety-six percentage of the midwives used < or =10 minutes to inform women about prenatal diagnosis. Seventy-two percentage always informed about the advantages and 41% about the choice to continue or terminate the pregnancy if a serious abnormality was detected. In addition, 41% considered that they had sufficient knowledge to inform about prenatal diagnosis, while 84% wanted additional education. Seventy-six percentage of the women took the decision to have prenatal diagnosis as soon as they found out that they were pregnant. A majority considered that they had been given enough time for questions and reflections. CONCLUSIONS. There was discrepancy between the amount of information, which midwives gave to pregnant women about prenatal diagnosis compared to what would be needed for a complete understanding of the relevant medical facts and the risks involved, but even so the women were satisfied with the information.
|
|
| 41. |
- Fredriksson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Från Atlantens hjärta. Om marina ogräs, sargassotång och nygamla mysterier.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Växtverk. Perspektiv på invasiva främmande växter i svensk natur.. - 9789198565904 ; , s. 47-47
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Invasiva främmande arter” är ett uttryck som hörs allt oftare, såväl i medier som i diskussioner vid fikabordet. Vad är då en invasiv främmande art och varför väcker dessa arter så starka känslor? Varför är de ett problem? Hur blir man av med dem? Har de några positiva egenskaper? Det är några av de frågor vi tar upp i den här boken som är ett resultat av det tvärvetenskapliga forskningstemat ”Perspektiv på invasiva främmande växter. Paradoxen växt, människa och individuella preferenser” som genomfördes under 2020–2021 vid Pufendorfinstitutet, Lunds universitet. Deltagare i temat har varit forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet som representerar flera olika ämnen: ekologi och botanik, miljövetenskap, etnologi, filosofi, landskapsplanering och växtvetenskap.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Gaziano, Liam, et al.
(författare)
-
Mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease : Observational and mendelian randomization analyses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 146:20, s. 1507-1517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank.RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values <60 or >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, with a 14% (95% CI, 3%-27%) higher CHD risk per 5 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 lower genetically predicted eGFR, but not for those with eGFR >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD.CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(författare)
-
Blueprints in Sweden. Symptom load in Swedish adolescents in studies of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC).
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:6, s. 443-451
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to compare symptom load in youth groups treated with three Swedish Blueprint programmes - Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - to see if symptom load matches the intensity of the treatment model as expected. These youth groups were also compared with in- and outpatients from child and adolescent psychiatry, and a normal comparison group. In addition, we compared the symptom load of their mothers. Symptom load was measured by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) in the adolescents, and by the Symptom Checklist 90 in their mothers. The results showed that youth in the MST and MTFC studies had a higher symptom load than in the FFT study, and the same pattern of results was found in their mothers. It is concluded that there seems to be a reasonable correspondence between the offered resources and the symptom load among youth and parents; treatment methods with higher intensity have been offered to youth with higher symptom load. The correlation between internalized and externalized symptoms was high in all study groups. The MST and MTFC groups had an equally high total symptom load as the psychiatric inpatient sample.
|
|
| 47. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementation of evidence-based models in social work practice: practitioners' perspectives on an MST trial in Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1067-828X .- 1547-0652. ; 17:3, s. 111-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of new treatment methods in social work practice is warranted. Moreover, little is known about professionals' attitudes toward the introduction of evidence-based practices into their communities. Therefore,this article reports on the implementation of a Swedish research project that evaluated Multisystemic Therapy (MST). All investigating social workers in a community-based social work practice and their supervisors completed a questionnaire concerning attitudes toward the research project, as well as attitudes toward MST as a treatment method. A large majority of participants were positive toward the research project, felt sufficiently informed, and thought that the implementation occurred at an appropriate pace. Likewise, participants felt positively toward the adoption of MST as a treatment method, toward evidence-based research in general, and in their affinity toward community-family-based services. On the other hand, investigating social workers differed in their practice attitudes. Potential reasons for these discrepancies, including the influence of top-down implementation, differences in experience, and differences due to the position held are discussed.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(författare)
-
Multisystemic therapy project in Sweden: what factors affect the tendency of social workers to refer subjects to the research project?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 16:4, s. 358-366
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines some of the factors that may have affected the tendency for social workers to refer adolescents to a randomised controlled study of multisystemic therapy (MST). If we are to improve integration between researchers and the clinical setting in the future, it is important to consider those factors that affect implementation of research projects and evidence-based treatment methods. Evidence-based methods that lack the support of clinicians will have problems surviving in clinical practice. In the present study, we found that social workers' treatment ideology was associated with referral rate. Social workers who sympathised with the ideology on which MST is based referred patients to the project to a greater extent. Moreover, we found that the perception of a good work climate and good social support correlated positively with the referral rate from the unit. The results suggest that when implementing evidence-based methods, or research projects on treatment methods, researchers should consider whether the method is consistent with the current treatment ideology within the unit. Working conditions in the unit should also be considered.
|
|
| 50. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate impact and energy efficiency of woody bioenergy systems from a landscape perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 120, s. 189-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate impact of bioenergy is debated, especially due to potential land use change effects and biogenic carbon fluxes. This study assessed the climate impact and energy efficiency of conventional long-rotation forest residues (branches, tops and stumps) and short-rotation forestry (willow) from a landscape perspective. A time-dependent life cycle assessment method, which considers the timing of biogenic carbon fluxes and the impact on global temperature over time, was combined with GIS mapping to assess the impact for a specific Swedish region (Uppsala County), i.e. a 'real' landscape. The results showed that harvesting forest residues decreased the forest carbon stocks over the landscape, while growing willow on previous fallow land increased the total carbon stocks. On average, energy ratios of 49 MJ MJ(-1) for branches and tops, and 30 MJ MJ(-1) for stumps and willow was found. Harvesting forest residues from the studied landscape resulted in climate impacts of around 0.8.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for branches and tops, and 1.3.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for stumps. Willow energy gave the lowest climate impact of about -0.6,10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat. The landscape analysis showed that spatial variations in the region had an effect on energy efficiency and climate impact, but that this effect was relatively small. A more important factor was the time frame chosen for the analysis, especially for long-rotation forest systems. Methodological choices such as spatial scale (stand or landscape perspective), allocation method and functional unit also influenced the results.
|
|
