| 1. |
- Glimelius, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Jonny, et al.
(författare)
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An optimisation strategy in a digital environment applied to neonatal chest imaging.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 278-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to find the optimum tube voltage for neonatal chest imaging in computed radiography. The study was designed to take full advantage of the benefits of digital imaging, for example, by comparing the tube voltages at constant effective dose. A phantom study using a living rabbit was first conducted. Images were collected at tube voltages ranging from 40 to 90 kV(p). The reproduction of four structures (central vessels, peripheral vessels, carina and thoracic vertebrae) was rated by 10 radiologists. The reproduction of both central and peripheral vessels was relatively independent of tube voltage. The carina was better reproduced at higher tube voltages whereas the opposite was true for the thoracic vertebrae. Based on the higher importance of the reproduction of the carina it was decided that 90 kV(p) was the optimal tube voltage. To validate the result from the phantom study, a follow-up study was conducted in which images of neonates collected at the tube voltage regularly used at Sahlgrenska University Hospital (70 kV(p)) were compared with images collected at the tube voltage proposed by the phantom study. The follow-up study confirmed the results from the phantom study that the reproduction of the carina was better at 90 than at 70 kV(p). In conclusion, for neonatal chest imaging-given the same effective dose-90 kVp gives better reproduction of important structures than the regularly used 70 kV(p).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 7. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma--diagnostic and therapeutical implications.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica. - 1102-4151. ; 159:3, s. 149-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the results of treatment of a consecutive series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who presented during the six year period 1985 to 1991.
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| 8. |
- Albertsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of mechanical weed control or cover crop on the growth and economic viability of two short-rotation willow cultivars
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 91, s. 296-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Willow grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) is sensitive to weed competition, so herbicide treatment combined with mechanical weed control is recommended when establishing a plantation. This study compares that practice with two mechanical, row crop cultivator (RC) and row crop cultivator with torsion weeder (RCT), and two cultural treatments, cover crop (CC) and cut cover crop (CCC), to control weeds. Willow responses to these treatments were compared during the first three years after planting using two cultivars, Gudrun and Tordis with broad and narrow leaves, respectively. At harvest, the RCT treatment had produced 27% more biomass than the RC treatment (13.9 vs 11.0 Mg ha(-1) dry matter) and approximately three times more than the cultural treatments. However, the standard control treatment, herbicides and row crop cultivator (HRC), produced more than all other treatments (17.3 Mg ha(-1) dry matter). The two cultural treatments had higher plant mortality (CC 26.2% and CCC 32.8%) than the other treatments (HRC 2.7%, RC 7.0% and RCT 7.0%) after the first harvest cycle. No interaction between cultivar and treatment was found for willow shoot biomass, weed biomass or plant mortality. Overall, however, Gudrun had lower plant mortality and less weed biomass after the first harvest cycle than Tordis. All treatment and cultivar combinations gave positive financial annual returns when the whole life-span of the plantation was considered. This study suggests that without using herbicides, it is possible to establish a willow SRC plantation that produce enough to be economically viable. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Achievements and experiences from science–policy interaction in the field of air pollution : Synthesising 20 years of research and outreach,thinking about future needs
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For 20 years, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency together with the MISTRA research foundation have funded five air pollution research programmes with focus on producing knowledge that supports policy and emission control in national and international arenas. The research has been multidisciplinary and has included research on emissions, atmospheric transport and transformation processes, human health effects, ecosystem effects, and emission control strategies. Research has also been conducted on the interaction between air pollution and climate change.Over these years, the link between the research programmes and the development of emission control strategies and policies in Sweden, the EU, and the UNECE Air Convention has been of high importance. This report presents how the research programmes have created societal benefits through support for the development of air pollution policies and emission control measures. The report also identifies future research needs to ensure continued progress towards even better air quality for future generations.
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| 10. |
- Andersson Shams Hakimi, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fibrinogen and platelet supplementation on clot formation and platelet aggregation in blood samples from cardiac surgery patients.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Thrombosis research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2472 .- 0049-3848. ; 134:4, s. 895-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bleeding after cardiac surgery may be caused by surgical factors, impaired haemostasis, or a combination of both. Transfusion of blood products is used to improve haemostasis, but little is known about what combination is optimal. We hypothesized that addition of both fibrinogen and platelets to blood samples from cardiac surgery patients would improve clot formation and platelet aggregation to a greater extent than if the components were added separately.
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| 11. |
- Aval, Omid, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-strip circuit for loss reduction
- 2003
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A printed circuit (1) on a lossy substrate (2) has been provided whereby intermediate structures (11, 12, 17, 18) under the top layer strips (5) have been formed having a width being (d2) smaller than the width (w) of the strip. The intermediate structures (11, 12, 17, 18) are particular well suited for inductors (9) on silicon substrates and result in a considerable increase in the Q-factor of the inductor at microwave frequencies
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| 12. |
- Barrett, Jennifer H., et al.
(författare)
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Fine mapping of genetic susceptibility loci for melanoma reveals a mixture of single variant and multiple variant regions
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 136:6, s. 1351-1360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At least 17 genomic regions are established as harboring melanoma susceptibility variants, in most instances with genome-wide levels of significance and replication in independent samples. Based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data augmented by imputation to the 1,000 Genomes reference panel, we have fine mapped these regions in over 5,000 individuals with melanoma (mainly from the GenoMEL consortium) and over 7,000 ethnically matched controls. A penalized regression approach was used to discover those SNP markers that most parsimoniously explain the observed association in each genomic region. For the majority of the regions, the signal is best explained by a single SNP, which sometimes, as in the tyrosinase region, is a known functional variant. However in five regions the explanation is more complex. At the CDKN2A locus, for example, there is strong evidence that not only multiple SNPs but also multiple genes are involved. Our results illustrate the variability in the biology underlying genome-wide susceptibility loci and make steps toward accounting for some of the missing heritability. What's new? In genome-wide association studies, researchers identify genetic variants that frequently associate with a particular disease, though the variants identified may not contribute to the molecular cause of the disease. This study took a closer look at 17 regions associated with melanoma, fine mapping the regions both in people with melanoma and in healthy controls. Though single SNPs account for the association in some regions, they found that in a few regions, several SNPs - and possibly multiple genes - contributed to the association signal. These findings illustrate the importance of not overlooking the interaction between multiple genetic markers when conducting such studies.
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| 13. |
- Barrett, Jennifer H., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies three new melanoma susceptibility loci
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1108-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a genome-wide association study for melanoma that was conducted by the GenoMEL Consortium. Our discovery phase included 2,981 individuals with melanoma and 1,982 study-specific control individuals of European ancestry, as well as an additional 6,426 control subjects from French or British populations, all of whom were genotyped for 317,000 or 610,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our analysis replicated previously known melanoma susceptibility loci. Seven new regions with at least one SNP with P < 10(-5) and further local imputed or genotyped support were selected for replication using two other genome-wide studies (from Australia and Texas, USA). Additional replication came from case-control series from the UK and The Netherlands. Variants at three of the seven loci replicated at P < 10(-3): an SNP in ATM (rs1801516, overall P = 3.4 x 10(-9)), an SNP in MX2 (rs45430, P = 2.9 x 10-9) and an SNP adjacent to CASP8 (rs13016963, P = 8.6 x 10(-10)). A fourth locus near CCND1 remains of potential interest, showing suggestive but inconclusive evidence of replication (rs1485993, overall P = 4.6 x 10(-7) under a fixed-effects model and P = 1.2 x 10(-3) under a random-effects model). These newly associated variants showed no association with nevus or pigmentation phenotypes in a large British case-control series.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Berggren, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Att utvärdera och använda resultaten – vilka avtryck ger bibliotekens utvärderingar i samhället?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det har blivit allt viktigare för biblioteken att kunna visa på sin betydelse i samhället. Mätetal och utvärderingar är nödvändiga instrument för att kunna jämföra satsningar på biblioteken med satsningar på andra områden. Men finns det en synergi mellan mätetalen och verksamhetens planer och mål? Hur mäter vi måluppfyllese i biblioteksverksamheten? Finns det kvalitetsindikatorer som vi har gemensamma oavsett bibliotekstyp? Hur kan biblioteksstatistiken användas? Vad gör bibliotekens utvärderingar för avtryck i beslutsprocessen? Vad gör bibliotekens utvärderingar för avtryck i samhället?För att svara på frågorna ovan har expertgruppen påbörjat ett arbete med att kartlägga hur svenska bibliotek arbetar med utvärdering. I det arbetet har vi bland annat sett vikten av ett gemensamt språk mellan bibliotekstyperna i arbetet med utvärderingar och kvalitetsutveckling. Gruppen kommer att under år 2014 publicera ett utvärderingsverktyg för bibliotek. Där kan bibliotek finna vägledning och stöd i valet av utvärderingsmetod, i genomförandet och i nyttjandet av utvärderingars resultat i syfte att utveckla och synliggöra biblioteksverksamheten.I det här papret presenterar vi syftet med vårt arbete och den metod vi har använt samt mer ingående berättar om hur vi har tänkt kring det verktyg som vi i slutet av papret ger en beskrivning av – ett verktyg som går under namnet "Utvärderingshjälpen".Vid konferensen kommer vi att presentera hur en årscykel kan se ut vid ett bibliotek som väljer att använda sig av utvärderingsarbete och systematiskt kvalitetsutveckling i nära relation till måluppfyllelse och till dialog med beslutsfattare samt omgivande samhälle. Vi presenterar också hur "Utvärderingshjälpen" skall kunna användas som stöd i det arbetet.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bishop, D. Timothy, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:8, s. 920-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a genome-wide association study of melanoma conducted by the GenoMEL consortium based on 317K tagging SNPs for 1,650 selected cases and 4,336 controls, with replication in an additional two cohorts (1,149 selected cases and 964 controls from GenoMEL, and a population-based case-control study in Leeds of 1,163 cases and 903 controls). The genome-wide screen identified five loci with genotyped or imputed SNPs reaching P < 5 x 10(-7). Three of these loci were replicated: 16q24 encompassing MC1R (combined P = 2.54 x 10(-27) for rs258322), 11q14-q21 encompassing TYR (P = 2.41 x 10(-14) for rs1393350) and 9p21 adjacent to MTAP and flanking CDKN2A (P = 4.03 x 10(-7) for rs7023329). MC1R and TYR are associated with pigmentation, freckling and cutaneous sun sensitivity, well-recognized melanoma risk factors. Common variants within the 9p21 locus have not previously been associated with melanoma. Despite wide variation in allele frequency, these genetic variants show notable homogeneity of effect across populations of European ancestry living at different latitudes and show independent association to disease risk.
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| 19. |
- Borvik, T., et al.
(författare)
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A discrete particle approach to simulate the combined effect of blast and sand impact loading of steel plates
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5096 .- 1873-4782. ; 59:5, s. 940-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural response of a stainless steel plate subjected to the combined blast and sand impact loading from a buried charge has been investigated using a fully coupled approach in which a discrete particle method is used to determine the load due to the high explosive detonation products, the air shock and the sand, and a finite element method predicts the plate deflection. The discrete particle method is based on rigid, spherical particles that transfer forces between each other during collisions. This method, which is based on a Lagrangian formulation, has several advantages over coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian approaches as both advection errors and severe contact problems are avoided. The method has been validated against experimental tests where spherical 150 g C-4 charges were detonated at various stand-off distances from square, edge-clamped 3.4 mm thick AL-6XN stainless steel plates. The experiments were carried out for a bare charge, a charge enclosed in dry sand and a charge enclosed in fully saturated wet sand. The particle-based method is able to describe the physical interactions between the explosive reaction products and soil particles leading to a realistic prediction of the sand ejecta speed and momentum. Good quantitative agreement between the experimental and predicted deformation response of the plates is also obtained.
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| 20. |
- Braekeveldt, Noémie, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-derived xenograft models reveal intratumor heterogeneity and temporal stability in neuroblastoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 78:20, s. 5958-5969
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the Avatar, a single PDX mirroring an individual patient, are emerging tools in preclinical cancer research. However, the consequences of intratumor heterogeneity for PDX modeling of biomarkers, target identification, and treatment decisions remain underexplored. In this study, we undertook serial passaging and comprehensive molecular analysis of neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs, which revealed strong intrinsic genetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic stability for more than 2 years. The PDXs showed preserved neuroblastoma-associated gene signatures that correlated with poor clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we captured spatial intratumor heterogeneity using ten PDXs from a single high-risk patient tumor. We observed diverse growth rates, transcriptional, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiles. PDX-derived transcriptional profiles were associated with diverse clinical characteristics in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. These data suggest that high-risk neuroblastoma contains elements of both temporal stability and spatial intratumor heterogeneity, the latter of which complicates clinical translation of personalized PDX-Avatar studies into preclinical cancer research.
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| 21. |
- Brolin, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Insights on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease from a Regional Swedish Case-Control Cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-718X. ; 12:1, s. 153-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) can be more or less relevant to a population due to population-specific genetic architecture, local lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures. Therefore, it is essential to study PD at a local, regional, and continental scale in order to increase the knowledge on disease etiology.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to PD in a new Swedish case-control cohort.METHODS: PD patients (n = 929) and matched population-based controls (n = 935) from the southernmost county in Sweden were included in the cohort. Information on environmental exposures was obtained using questionnaires at inclusion. Genetic analyses included a genome-wide association study (GWAS), haplotype assessment, and a risk profile analysis using cumulative genetic risk scores.RESULTS: The cohort is a representative PD case-control cohort (64% men, mean age at diagnosis = 67 years, median Hoehn and Yahr score 2.0), in which previously reported associations between PD and environmental factors, such as tobacco, could be confirmed. We describe the first GWAS of PD solely composed of PD patients from Sweden, and confirm associations to well-established risk alleles in SNCA. In addition, we nominate an unconfirmed and potentially population-specific genome-wide significant association in the PLPP4 locus (rs12771445).CONCLUSION: This work provides an in-depth description of a new PD case-control cohort from southern Sweden, giving insights into environmental and genetic risk factors for PD in the Swedish population.
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| 22. |
- Brorson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a pressure-measuring device to optimize compression treatment of lymphedema and evaluation of change in garment pressure with simulated wear and tear.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lymphatic Research and Biology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1539-6851 .- 1557-8585. ; 10:2, s. 74-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of compression garments in treating lymphedema following treatment of genital (penis, testes, uterus, cervical) and breast cancer treatment is a well-established practice. Although compression garments are classified in compression classes, little is known about the actual subgarment pressure exerted along the extremity. The aims of this study were to establish an in vitro method for measuring subgarment pressure along the extremity and to analyze initial and over time subgarment pressure of compression garments from three manufacturers. The measurements were performed with I-scan(®) (Tekscan Inc.) pressure measuring equipment once a week during a period of 4 weeks. Wear and tear was simulated by washing and putting on the garments on plastic legs every day. There was a statistically significant difference between the garments of some of manufacturers. There was no difference between garments from the same manufacturer. No significant decrease of subgarment pressure was observed during the trial period. The study demonstrated that Tekscan pressure-measuring equipment could measure subgarment pressure in vitro. The results may indicate that there was a difference in subgarment pressure exerted by garments from different manufacturers and that there was no clear decrease in subgarment pressure during the first four weeks of usage.
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| 23. |
- Brown, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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Common sequence variants on 20q11.22 confer melanoma susceptibility
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:7, s. 838-840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association pooling study for cutaneous melanoma and performed validation in samples totaling 2,019 cases and 2,105 controls. Using pooling, we identified a new melanoma risk locus on chromosome 20 (rs910873 and rs1885120), with replication in two further samples (combined P < 1 x 10(-15)). The per allele odds ratio was 1.75 (1.53, 2.01), with evidence for stronger association in early-onset cases.
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| 24. |
- Bullarbo, Maria, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Nitroglycerin for management of retained placenta: a multicenter study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and gynecology international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9597 .- 1687-9589. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim was to determine if sequential administration of oxytocin and nitroglycerin is effective for management of retained placenta when performed by obstetricians with no experience of the method. Secondary aims were to examine possible adverse effects of nitroglycerin. One hundred and five women with retained placenta were randomly selected to receive either 1mg nitroglycerin or placebo tablets sublingually if intravenous oxytocin had failed to expel the placenta. At two of the hospitals some of the midwives were familiar with the use of nitroglycerin. The other midwives and all the participating obstetricians had no clinical experience of the method. In the treatment group, detachment of placenta following nitroglycerin occurred in 37.3% of the women compared to 20.4% in the placebo group (P = 0.056). In the two hospitals with some experience of the method, placenta was removed in 9 of 19 (47.4%) women in the nitroglycerin group compared to 3 of 17 (15.0%) women in the placebo group. No adverse effects of clinical importance were registered. Although the difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance, the higher success rate in the two hospitals with some experience could indicate that clinical experience is of importance in order to achieve placental detachment.
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| 25. |
- Burden, Håkan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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An Evaluation of Post-processing Google Translations with Microsoft® Word
- 2012
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Ingår i: SLTC 2012 The Fourth Swedish Language Technology Conference. ; , s. 13-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We decided to evaluate the performance of Google Translate and the possible improvements on grammatical fluency through post-processing the candidate translations by Microsoft Word.
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| 26. |
- Burden, Håkan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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How MAD are we? Empirical Evidence for Model-driven Agile Development.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Extreme Modeling co-located with ACM/IEEE 17th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages & Systems (MoDELS 2014). - 1613-0073. ; 1239, s. 2-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the launch of the Agile Manifesto there has been numerous propositions in how to combine agile practices with Model-driven Development. Ideally the combination would give the benefits of agile (e.g. rapid response to changes and shorter lead times) with the promises of Model-driven development (such as high-level designs and automation). A commonality among the proposals is that they lack in empirical evaluation. Our contribution is a systematic literature review to find out to what experiences there are of Model-driven Agile Development, MAD, from an empirical context. Among our conslusions is that MAD is sitll an immature research area and that more experience reports from industry are needed before we can claim to have understood the possibilities and drawbacks of MAD.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bäckström, Ingela, 1963-
(författare)
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Quality Management for Sustainable Health : Methodologies, Values and Practices taken from Swedish Organizations
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many Western countries today, not least in Sweden, there are a lot of organizations that have great problems with sickness absence. The costs connected to the high rates of sickness absence have also risen to alarming levels. Healthy co-workers and healthy organizations are obvious goals for many leaders, but this is not always so easy to establish. Work practices and leadership that are beneficial to co-worker health are thus vital to identify. Studies have shown relationships between company-wide implementation of quality programs and improved co-worker satisfaction along with low co-worker turn over; in other words, co-worker health along with improved customer satisfaction and financial results. Despite the great problems concerning sickness absence, there are organizations that have been awarded prizes for excellence in leadership, internal partnership, working environment, and profitability. The overall purposes of the research described in this thesis are to examine and describe how management and leadership can establish sustainable health among the co-workers and examine how the leadership for sustainable health is related to Quality Management. The in-depth purpose is to examine which aspects within the values derived from the quality movement are those that primarily influence the co-workers’ perceived health. The results presented can be described in three parts and are results from four case studies carried out in five different organizations. Three of the organizations have received awards for establishing good working environment, good financial results, and low sick leaves among their co-workers; the fourth received an award for the successful implementation of quality programs. The first part consists of results from case studies in three different organizations and describes how organizations can work to achieve sustainable health among their co-workers, with practical examples. The results are methodologies, values and organizational structure, which it is considered possible for other organizations to adopt in their efforts to achieve good working conditions resulting in fewer sick leaves. The second part is an attempt to investigate if leadership for sustainable health is related to Quality Management. Methodologies, leadership values, organizational structure, and general values found in organizations which have achieved sustainable health are analyzed in the light of Deming’s 14 points, and a correlation is indicated. There is also correlation found between the TQM values and the co-workers’ perception of their health. The third part examines which of the aspects within the values grown from the quality movement are those that influence the co-workers perceived health. The results show significant correlation between the values and the co-workers’ perception of their health. Aspects found within the value “Top management commitment” were named; Empathy, Presence and Communication, Integrity, and Continuity. Within the value “Let everybody be committed” the aspects; Development, Influence and Being informed were found. These aspects are described in more detail and also in one model per value. The result implies that the TQM values; “Top management commitment”, “Improve continuously” “Let everybody be Committed” and “Focus on customers” are important for achieving healthy organizations and sustainable health among co-workers.
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| 29. |
- Börjeson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Om behoven att bygga på andras kunskap
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordisk sosialt arbeid. - 0333-1342 .- 1504-3037. ; 26:2, s. 136-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Carlqvist, Håkan, 1967-
(författare)
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Multiscale analysis of multi-channel signals
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I: Amplitude and phase relationship between alpha and beta oscillations in the human EEG We have studied the relation between two oscillatory patterns within EEG signals (oscillations with main frequency 10 Hz and 20 Hz), with wavelet-based methods. For better comparison, a variant of the continuous wavelet transform, was derived. As a conclusion, the two patterns were closely related and 70-90 % of the activity in the 20 Hz pattern could be seen as a resonance phenomenon of the 10 Hz activity. II: A local discriminant basis algorithm using wavelet packets for discrimination between classes of multidimensional signals We have improved and extended the local discriminant basis algorithm for application on multidimensional signals appearing from multichannels. The improvements includes principal-component analysis and crossvalidation- leave-one out. The method is furthermore applied on two classes of EEG signals, one group of control subjects and one group of subjects with type I diabetes. There was a clear discrimination between the two groups. The discrimination follows known differences in the EEG between the two groups of subjects. III: Improved classification of multidimensional signals using orthogonality properties of a time-frequency library We further improve and refine the method in paper2 and apply it on 4 classes of EEG signals from subjects differing in age and/or sex, which are known factors of EEG alterations. As a method for deciding the best basis we derive an orthogonalbasis- pursuit-like algorithm which works statistically better (Tukey's test for simultaneous confidence intervals) than the basis selection method in the original local discriminant basis algorithm. Other methods included were Fisher's class separability, partial-least-squares and cross-validation-leave-one-subject out. The two groups of younger subjects were almost fully discriminated between each other and to the other groups, while the older subjects were harder to discriminate.
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| 31. |
- Cederlund, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av metod för att bedöma behovet av ogräsbekämpning i spår
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A system for weed management on railway embankments that is both adapted to the environment and efficient in terms of resources requires knowledge and understanding about the growing conditions of vegetation so that methods to control its growth can be adapted accordingly. Automated records could complement present-day manual inspections and over time come to replace these. One challenge is to devise a method that will result in a reasonable breakdown of gathered information that can be managed rationally by affected parties and, at the same time, serve as a basis for decisions with sufficient precision. The project examined two automated methods that may be useful for the Swedish Transport Administration in the future: 1) A machine vision method, which makes use of camera sensors as a way of sensing the environment in the visible and near infrared spectrum; and 2) An N-Sensor method, which transmits light within an area that is reflected by the chlorophyll in the plants. The amount of chlorophyll provides a value that can be correlated with the biomass. The choice of technique depends on how the information is to be used. If the purpose is to form a general picture of the growth of vegetation on railway embankments as a way to plan for maintenance measures, then the N-Sensor technique may be the right choice. If the plan is to form a general picture as well as monitor and survey current and exact vegetation status on the surface over time as a way to fight specific vegetation with the correct means, then the machine vision method is the better of the two. Both techniques involve registering data using GPS positioning. In the future, it will be possible to store this information in databases that are directly accessible to stakeholders online during or in conjunction with measures to deal with the vegetation. The two techniques were compared with manual (visual) estimations as to the levels of vegetation growth. The observers (raters) visual estimation of weed coverage (%) differed statistically from person to person. In terms of estimating the frequency (number) of woody plants (trees and bushes) in the test areas, the observers were generally in agreement. The same person is often consistent in his or her estimation: it is the comparison with the estimations of others that can lead to misleading results. The system for using the information about vegetation growth requires development. The threshold for the amount of weeds that can be tolerated in different track types is an important component in such a system. The classification system must be capable of dealing with the demands placed on it so as to ensure the quality of the track and other pre-conditions such as traffic levels, conditions pertaining to track location, and the characteristics of the vegetation. The project recommends that the Swedish Transport Administration: Discusses how threshold values for the growth of vegetation on railway embankments can be determined Carries out registration of the growth of vegetation over longer and a larger number of railway sections using one or more of the methods studied in the project Introduces a system that effectively matches the information about vegetation to its position Includes information about the growth of vegetation in the records that are currently maintained of the track’s technical quality, and link the data material to other maintenance-related databases Establishes a number of representative surfaces in which weed inventories (by measuring) are regularly conducted, as a means of developing an overview of the long-term development that can serve as a basis for more precise prognoses in terms of vegetation growth Ensures that necessary opportunities for education are put in place
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| 32. |
- Cederlund, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av metod för att bedöma behovet av ogräsbekämpning i spår
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En miljöanpassad och resurseffektiv hantering av ogräs i spår ställer krav på god kunskap om vegetationsförhållanden för att behovsanpassa bekämpningsinsatserna. En automatiserad registrering skulle kunna utgöra ett komplement till dagens manuella inspektioner och skulle över tiden helt eller delvis kunna ersätta dessa. En utmaning är att hitta en metod som ger en rimlig upplösning i informationen som samlas in, så att den kan hanteras rationellt av berörda aktörer och samtidigt utgöra ett beslutsunderlag med tillräcklig precision. Projektet studerade två automatiserade metoder som kan vara aktuella för Trafikverket att använda i framtiden: 1) Machine vision metoden utnyttjar kamerasensorer för att känna av sin omgivning i det synliga respektive nära infraröda spektrumet. 2) N-sensorn sänder ut ljus inom det område som reflekteras av växternas klorofyll. Mängden klorofyll ger ett mätvärde som kan korreleras till biomassan. Valet av teknik beror på vad informationen ska användas till. Om syftet är att översiktligt kartlägga vegetationsförekomst i spår, för att planera åtgärder för underhåll, kan N-sensortekniken vara lämplig. Om man över ytan och tiden vill övervaka och kartlägga aktuell och precis vegetationsstatus, för att kunna bekämpa utvald vegetation med rätt insats, är machine vision tekniken bättre lämpad. Såväl machine vision metoden som N-sensortekniken bygger på registrering av data tillsammans med en GPS-positionering. På sikt kan denna information läggas i databaser som är direkt åtkomliga för berörda organisationer och t o m online i fält under eller i samband med en bekämpningsåtgärd. De två teknikerna jämfördes med manuella (visuella) skattningar av ogräsförekomsten. Den visuella skattningen av yttäckningsgrad av ogräs i fält skiljde sig statistiskt mellan olika bedömare. När det gäller att uppskatta frekvensen (antalet) vedartade växter (träd och buskar) inom provytorna så var observatörerna relativt överens. Samma person är ofta konsekvent i sitt bedömande, men att jämföra med andra personers bedömning kan ge missvisande resultat. Systemet för användning av informationen om ogräsförekomst behöver utvecklas som helhet. Tröskelvärden för hur mycket ogräs som kan tolereras på olika typer av spår/driftsplatser är en viktig komponent i ett sådant system. Klassificeringssystemet ska kunna hantera de krav som ställs för att säkerställa banans kvalitet och olika förutsättningar som trafikförhållanden, platsgivna förutsättningar för banan och vegetationens egenskaper. Projektet rekommenderar Trafikverket att: diskutera hur tröskelvärden för vegetationsförekomst på spår kan fastställas genomföra registrering av vegetationsförekomst över längre och fler sträckor med en eller flera av de metoder som studerats i projektet inleda införande av system som effektivt kopplar informationen om vegetation till position inkludera förekomst av vegetation i den registrering som idag sker av spårens (banans) tekniska kvalitet och ansluta datamaterialet till övriga underhållsrelaterade databaser inrätta ett antal representativa ytor där ogräsfloran på spåren regelbundet inventeras och mäts för att få en bild av den långsiktiga utveckling som grund för säkrare prognoser för vegetationsutveckling säkerställa att nödvändiga utbildningsinsatser genomförs
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| 33. |
- Claquin, T, et al.
(författare)
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Radiative forcing of climate by ice-age atmospheric dust
- 2003
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0894 .- 0930-7575. ; 20:2-3, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During glacial periods, dust deposition rates and inferred atmospheric concentrations were globally much higher than present. According to recent model results, the large enhancement of atmospheric dust content at the last glacial maximum (LGM) can be explained only if increases in the potential dust source areas are taken into account. Such increases are to be expected, due to effects of low precipitation and low atmospheric (CO2) on plant growth. Here the modelled three-dimensional dust fields from Mahowald et al. and modelled seasonally varying surface-albedo fields derived in a parallel manner, are used to quantify the mean radiative forcing due to modern (non-anthropogenic) and LGM dust. The effect of mineralogical provenance on the radiative properties of the dust is taken into account, as is the range of optical properties associated with uncertainties about the mixing state of the dust particles. The high-latitude (poleward of 45degrees) mean change in forcing (LGM minus modern) is estimated to be small (-0.9 to +0.2 W m(-2)), especially when compared to nearly -20 W m(-2) due to reflection from the extended ice sheets. Although the net effect of dust over ice sheets is a positive forcing (warming), much of the simulated high-latitude dust was not over the ice sheets, but over unglaciated regions close to the expanded dust source region in central Asia. In the tropics the change in forcing is estimated to be overall negative, and of similarly large magnitude (-2.2 to -3.2 W m(-2)) to the radiative cooling effect of low atmospheric (CO2). Thus, the largest long-term climatic effect of the LGM dust is likely to have been a cooling of the tropics. Low tropical sea-surface temperatures, low atmospheric (CO2) and high atmospheric dust loading may be mutually reinforcing due to multiple positive feedbacks, including the negative radiative forcing effect of dust.
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| 34. |
- Cohn, Corey, et al.
(författare)
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Fate of prebiotic adenine
- 2001
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Ingår i: Astrobiology. ; 1, s. 477-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of pre-participation cardiac evaluation recommendations among athletes participating in World Athletics Championships
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:14, s. 1480-1490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Athletes competing in athletics (track and field) at international level may be participating with underlying undiagnosed life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. Our objective was to analyse variations in pre-participation cardiac evaluation prevalence among athletes participating in two International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Athletics Championships, with regard to the human developmental level and global region of their home countries, as well as athletes’ age category, gender, event group and medical insurance type.Design Cross-sectional web-based survey.MethodsA total of 1785 athletes competing in the IAAF World Under 18 Championships Nairobi 2017 and World Championships London 2017 were invited to complete a pre-participation health questionnaire investigating the experience of a pre-participation cardiac examination.Results A total of 704 (39%) of the athletes participated. Among these, 59% (60% of women; 58% of men) reported that they had been provided at least one type of pre-participation cardiac evaluation. Athletes from very high income countries, Europe and Asia, showed a higher prevalence of at least one pre-participation cardiac evaluation.Conclusions The prevalence of pre-participation cardiac evaluation in low to middle income countries, and the African continent in particular, needs urgent attention. Furthermore, increases in evaluation prevalence should be accompanied by the development of cost-effective methods that can be adopted in all global regions.
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| 36. |
- Davies, John R, et al.
(författare)
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Inherited variation in the PARP1 gene and survival from melanoma
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 135:7, s. 1625-1633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the association of an inherited variant located upstream of the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) gene (rs2249844), with survival in 11 BioGenoMEL melanoma cohorts. The gene encodes a protein involved in a number of cellular processes including single-strand DNA repair. Survival analysis was conducted for each cohort using proportional hazards regression adjusting for factors known to be associated with survival. Survival was measured as overall survival (OS) and, where available, melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Results were combined using random effects meta-analysis. Evidence for a role of the PARP1 protein in melanoma ulceration and survival was investigated by testing gene expression levels taken from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors. A significant association was seen for inheritance of the rarer variant of PARP1, rs2249844 with OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 per allele, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.28, p=0.005, eleven cohorts) and MSS (HR=1.20 per allele, 95% CI 1.01-1.39, p=0.03, eight cohorts). We report bioinformatic data supportive of a functional effect for rs2249844. Higher levels of PARP1 gene expression in tumors were shown to be associated with tumor ulceration and poorer OS. What's new? Although staging systems predict outcome fairly well for melanoma, survival still varies among individual patients. In this meta-analysis, the authors found that inheritance of a rare genetic variant of PARP1 was associated with improved survival of melanoma patients. Increased expression of PARP1 has been associated with poorer outcome, and depletion of PARP1 may reduce both melanoma growth and angiogenesis. The identification of this and other germline variants that affect survival may help to identify key biological pathways active in host/tumor interactions, which may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for treating advanced melanoma. Epidemiology
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| 37. |
- De Alwis, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Size-based isolation and detection of renal carcinoma cells from whole blood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular and clinical oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 2049-9450 .- 2049-9469. ; 16:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumour type with an indolent growth pattern and rather vague symptoms. The present study developed a platform for liquid biopsy of RCC based upon the isolation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Founded on the observation that RCC tumour cells are considerably larger than leucocytes, the present study employed a microfluidics-based system for isolation of RCC CTCs from whole blood. Using this system, it was revealed that 66% of spiked-in RCC tumour cells could be retrieved using this approach. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that these cells could be molecularly detected with digital PCR using RCC-specific genes down to one tumour cell, whilst avoiding detection in samples lacking tumour cells. Finally, subtype specific transcripts were identified to distinguish the different subtypes of RCC, which were then validated in patient tumours. The present study established a novel workflow for the isolation of RCC CTCs from whole blood, with the potential to detect these cells irrespective of subtype.
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| 38. |
- Demenais, F, et al.
(författare)
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Association of MC1R Variants and Host Phenotypes With Melanoma Risk in CDKN2A Mutation Carriers: A GenoMEL Study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 102, s. 1568-1583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Carrying the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) germline mutations is associated with a high risk for melanoma. Penetrance of CDKN2A mutations is modified by pigmentation characteristics, nevus phenotypes, and some variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R), which is known to have a role in the pigmentation process. However, investigation of the associations of both MC1R variants and host phenotypes with melanoma risk has been limited. Methods We included 815 CDKN2A mutation carriers (473 affected, and 342 unaffected, with melanoma) from 186 families from 15 centers in Europe, North America, and Australia who participated in the Melanoma Genetics Consortium. In this family-based study, we assessed the associations of the four most frequent MC1R variants (V60L, V92M, R151C, and R160W) and the number of variants (1, ≥2 variants), alone or jointly with the host phenotypes (hair color, propensity to sunburn, and number of nevi), with melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutation carriers. These associations were estimated and tested using generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Carrying any one of the four most frequent MC1R variants (V60L, V92M, R151C, R160W) in CDKN2A mutation carriers was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk for melanoma across all continents (1.24 × 10(-6) ≤ P ≤ .0007). A consistent pattern of increase in melanoma risk was also associated with increase in number of MC1R variants. The risk of melanoma associated with at least two MC1R variants was 2.6-fold higher than the risk associated with only one variant (odds ratio = 5.83 [95% confidence interval = 3.60 to 9.46] vs 2.25 [95% confidence interval = 1.44 to 3.52]; P(trend) = 1.86 × 10(-8)). The joint analysis of MC1R variants and host phenotypes showed statistically significant associations of melanoma risk, together with MC1R variants (.0001 ≤ P ≤ .04), hair color (.006 ≤ P ≤ .06), and number of nevi (6.9 × 10(-6) ≤ P ≤ .02). Conclusion Results show that MC1R variants, hair color, and number of nevi were jointly associated with melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutation carriers. This joint association may have important consequences for risk assessments in familial settings.
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| 39. |
- Drevin, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' views on using human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson's disease : an interview study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6939. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as a source for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products are considered for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Research has shown promising results and opened an avenue of great importance for patients who currently lack a disease modifying therapy. The use of hESC has given rise to moral concerns and been the focus of often heated debates on the moral status of human embryos. Approval for marketing is still pending.Objective: To Investigate the perspectives and concerns of patients with PD, patients being the directly concerned stakeholders in the ethical discussion.Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews related to this new therapy in seventeen patients from two Swedish cities.Results: The participants expressed various interests related to the use of human embryos for development of medicinal therapies; however, overall, they were positive towards the use of hESC for treatment of PD. It was deemed important that the donating woman or couple made the choice to donate embryos voluntarily. Furthermore, there were concerns that the industry does not always prioritise the patient over profit; thus, transparency was seen as important.
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| 40. |
- Ekman, A, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Clean Air and Climate Research Programme – SCAC Final report second phase
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SCAC-2 program was initiated to provide an extended scientific knowledge base in national and international discussions and negotiations on the development of new air pollution policies and measures. Specifically, the program was focused on four main areas where additional knowledge was needed to support further actions: air pollution and climate interactions and hemispheric transport; air pollution and human health with focus on particles from transport and domestic wood burning; ecosystem effects (and air pollution – climate interactions) of ozone and nitrogen, the latter with emphasis on national nitrogen budgets and biodiversity. Finally, integrated assessment modelling and identification of the most efficient abatement strategies was included.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Ferreira, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The interactive effect of demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume : A multicohort study on 1958 cognitively normal individuals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hippocampus. - : Wiley. - 1050-9631 .- 1098-1063. ; 27:6, s. 653-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. Other factors also influence the hippocampal volume, but their interactive effect has not been investigated before in cognitively healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactive effect of key demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume, in contrast to previous studies frequently investigating these factors in a separate manner. Also, to investigate how comparable the control groups from ADNI, AIBL, and AddNeuroMed are with five population-based cohorts. In this study, 1958 participants were included (100 AddNeuroMed, 226 ADNI, 155 AIBL, 59 BRC, 295 GENIC, 279 BioFiNDER, 398 PIVUS, and 446 SNAC-K). ANOVA and random forest were used for testing between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables. Multiple regression was used to study the influence of demographic-clinical variables on hippocampal volume. ANCOVA was used to analyze whether between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables explained between-cohort differences in hippocampal volume. Age and global brain atrophy were the most important variables in explaining variability in hippocampal volume. These variables were not only important themselves but also in interaction with gender, education, MMSE, and total intracranial volume. AddNeuroMed, ADNI, and AIBL differed from the population-based cohorts in several demographic-clinical variables that had a significant effect on hippocampal volume. Variability in hippocampal volume in individuals with normal cognition is high. Differences that previously tended to be related to disease mechanisms could also be partly explained by demographic and clinical factors independent from the disease. Furthermore, cognitively normal individuals especially from ADNI and AIBL are not representative of the general population. These findings may have important implications for future research and clinical trials, translating imaging biomarkers to the general population, and validating current diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and predementia stages.
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| 43. |
- Gasch, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Concrete Support Structure for Hydroelectric Generators Subjected to Rotor Dynamic Loads
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Dams in a Global Enviromental Challange. - Bali.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In earlier times, the generators of the hydropower plants ran more or less continuously, while nowadays there are many planned starts and stops. The hydropower stations are thereby, due to the new pattern of operation, subjected to loads that they were not originally designed for. The aim of this study is to understand the complex interaction between the power generating system and the supporting concrete structure, during this new operational pattern.During inspections, cracks were discovered in the concrete structure of the power house, near the stator and rotor spider supports, at several hydropower stations in Sweden. In a previous phase of this project it was shown that these cracks initiated due to the combined effect of drying shrinkage, mechanical loads and variations in temperature due to starts and stops. Cracking of the concrete structure reduces its stiffness, which may result in larger loads acting on the structure and vibrations exceeding the unit’s strict tolerance limits.In this part of the study, the behaviour of a concrete support structure subjected to rotor dynamic loads during normal operation has been studied. A detailed 3D numerical model has been developed which include hydropower unit. The results of this study show that a reduced structural stiffness of the concrete support structure, due to cracking, influences the behaviour of the rotating system.
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| 44. |
- Gasch, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Cracking in the concrete foundation for hydropower generators : Part II
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An extensive program for improvement of the hydropower plants in Sweden is currently on-going. The aims are to secure future production and to maintain and further develop an already high dam safety.During inspection, cracks were discovered in the concrete foundation, near the stator and rotor spider supports, at some hydropower stations in Sweden. The cracks were believed to be related to new patterns for generator operation, thereby changing the dynamic loading of the stator and rotor spider supports. Previously the generators ran continuously, while nowadays there are an increased number of stops and starts, sometimes even several times during one day. Increased dynamic forces due to runaways, and also other dynamic events such as emergency stops, may also contribute to increased stress levels and cracking of the foundation. Furthermore, although extreme loads such as short circuits of the generator seldom occurs, the influence on the dynamic forces acting on the supporting structure and concrete foundation may be strongly influenced during such events.The objective of this study is to understand the complex interaction between the power generating system (stator, rotor, turbine, etc.) and its supporting concrete structure. It is important from a dam safety perspective to determine the causes of existing structural cracks in the foundation. Furthermore, to be able to predict further crack propagation of the concrete foundation will help to determine future maintenance requirements.A three dimensional non-linear finite element model developed earlier was used to evaluate a methodology for analyses of the interaction between the generator and the concrete foundation. The influence of cracks in the concrete foundation was investigated by including the fracture pattern obtained in earlier FE analyses of time-dependent thermal and moisture gradients. These analyses showed that the drying shrinkage induced cracking inside the concrete foundation and especially close to the supports of the stator and the rotor spider. The obtained fracture pattern for the previous analysis was used as input for this study, with the concrete foundation’s changed structural properties and their influence on the interaction with the generator considered in the analyses. Furthermore, deadweight and operational load were also included in the analyses.The study show that FE models with a cracked concrete foundation can be used to analyse structural interaction betwee foundation and generator components during operation of a hydro power generator. The crack pattern can be determined by FE analyses, or by in-situ measurements of existing concrete cracks for a specific concrete foundation. The analyses show that further studies are needed regarding the combined effects from thermo-mechanical loads, drying shrinkage, creep and dynamical loads caused by the generator. The combined effects may further increase the stress levels for the concrete foundation, especially locally near perforations, and stator and rotor spider supports. These analyses should be performed with an increased numerical resolution for both the concrete foundation and the supporting structure for the generator, with an increased accuracy for the local stress variations near perforations of the foundation and also at the supports for the generator. This research area will be further investigated within a recently started research project at KTH, financed by the Swedish Hydropower Centre.
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| 45. |
- Goldstein, Alisa M., et al.
(författare)
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High-risk melanoma susceptibility genes and pancreatic cancer, neural system tumors, and uveal melanoma across GenoMEL
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445 .- 0008-5472. ; 66:20, s. 9818-9828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GenoMEL, comprising major familial melanoma research groups from North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia has created the largest familial melanoma sample yet available to characterize mutations in the high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes CDKN2A/alternate reading frames (ARF), which encodes p16 and p14ARF, and CDK4 and to evaluate their relationship with pancreatic cancer (PC), neural system tumors (NST), and uveal melanoma (UM). This study included 466 families (2,137 patients) with at least three melanoma patients from 17 GenoMEL centers. Overall, 41% (n = 190) of families had mutations; most involved p16 (n = 178). Mutations in CDK4 (n = 5) and ARF (n = 7) occurred at similar frequencies (2-3%). There were striking differences in mutations across geographic locales. The proportion of families with the most frequent founder mutation(s) of each locale differed significantly across the seven regions (P = 0.0009). Single founder CDKN2A mutations were predominant in Sweden (p.R112_L113insR, 92% of family's mutations) and the Netherlands (c.225_243del19, 90% of family's mutations). France, Spain, and Italy had the same most frequent mutation (p.G101W). Similarly, Australia and United Kingdom had the same most common mutations (p.M53I, cdVS2-105A > G, p.R24P, and p.L32P). As reported previously, there was a strong association between PC and CDKN2A mutations (P < 0.0001). This relationship differed by mutation. In contrast, there was little evidence for an association between CDKN2A mutations and NST (P = 0.52) or UM (P = 0.25). There was a marginally significant association between NST and ARF (P = 0.05). However, this particular evaluation had low power and requires confirmation. This GenoMEL study provides the most extensive characterization of mutations in high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes in families with three or more melanoma patients yet available.
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| 46. |
- Grauman, Åsa, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and values among the Swedish general public to using human embryonic stem cells for medical treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6939. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of human embryonic stem cells (ES cells) for the development of medical therapies is surrounded with moral concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the public's attitudes toward the use of ES cells for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other diseases, what factors are most important to consider when using ES cells for drug development, and if there is an association between religious beliefs and attitudes toward using ES cells for medical treatment.Methods: A randomly selected sample of the Swedish public, aged 18-87-years-old, completed an online survey (n = 467). The survey assessed socio-demographics, religious views, perceived moral status of the embryo, and attitudes toward using ES cells for medical treatment of PD and other diseases. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for positive vs. negative attitude toward using ES cells for drug development were computed using logistic regression.Results: The respondents were positive about using ES for treatment; specifically, 70% totally agreed that it is acceptable to use ES cells for treatment of PD, while 40% totally agreed that it is acceptable to use ES cells for treatment but induced pluripotent cells is just as efficient. Religion being of little importance in one's life was associated with a positive attitude toward using ES cells for treatment of PD (adjusted OR 6.39, 95% CI 2.78-14.71). The importance of being able "to access new, effective treatments against diseases that do not have any treatment available " was ranked as the most important factor to consider when using ES cells for drug development.Conclusion: Most respondents are positive about using ES cells for drug development, and making effective treatments accessible to those who do not have any. However, these attitudes are influenced by the specific disorder that the drug development is intended for, as well as the religious views and perceived moral status of the early embryo.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hall, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We here investigate levels of inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD) compared with neurologically healthy controls. We included 131 patients with PD and 27 PD with dementia (PDD), 24 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 14 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 50 controls, all part of the Swedish BioFINDER study. CSF was analyzed for CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, YKL-40 and MCP-1 (CCL2) as well as alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), tau, tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (P-tau), A beta(42) and NfL. In this exploratory study, we found higher levels of the inflammatory biomarker SAA in PDD and MSA compared with controls and PD and higher levels of CRP in PDD and MSA compared with PD. YKL-40 was lower in PD compared with controls. There were multiple positive correlations between the inflammatory markers, a-syn and markers of neuroaxonal injury (NfL and tau). In PD, higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlated with worse motor function and cognitive impairment. Thus, inflammatory biomarkers were increased in PDD and MSA. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers correlated with more severe disease regarding motor symptoms and cognitive impairment in PD, indicating an association between inflammation and more aggressive disease course. However, the results need confirmation in follow-up studies.
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- Hallberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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A biological or a synthetic mesh in immediate breast reconstruction? A cohort-study of long-term Health related Quality of Life (HrQoL)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 45:10, s. 1812-1816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Meshes/matrices are commonly used in immediate breast reconstruction. There are few studies comparing biological and synthetic meshes and it is unknown what type of mesh gives the best long-term results. The aim of this study was to compare long-term health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and patient satisfaction in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction with a biological mesh (Surgisis ® ) with that of patients reconstructed with a synthetic mesh (TIGR ® Matrix Surgical Mesh). Material and methods: Both cohorts were prospectively included and consecutively operated. Clinical data was collected. HrQoL was evaluated with EuroQoL-5 dimension – 3 levels questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Breast-Q. Results and conclusion: Seventy-one patients were operated on in the biological group and 49 in the synthetic group. The response rates were 75 and 84 per cent, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 74 months and 23 months, respectively. There were no statistical differences in satisfaction and quality of life between the two groups. Complications and radiation seem to lead to a lower satisfaction. Our findings could indicate that biological and synthetic meshes give an equal long-term result as regards patients’ perceived quality of life.
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