| 1. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Shipping in the EU emissions trading system: implications for mitigation, costs and modal split
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Climate Policy. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; 24:7, s. 969-987
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU recently decided to include shipping, meaning all intra-European shipping and 50% of extra-European voyages, in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) beginning in 2024. This article provides an early assessment of the impacts of the EU ETS on the shipping sector’s potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for different types of ships. It further examines selected mitigation measures and the impact on modals split and costs. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative estimates (based on data from the EU monitoring, reporting and verification system) with qualitative data and information from interviews with key actors and from previous literature. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the EU ETS. The inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS is expected to introduce significant incentives to reduce emissions. We estimate that switching to bio-methanol at an emissions allowance price of €90–100/tCO2 will be cost-effective for a minor share of shipping segments (representing about 0.5-5% of all ships), whereas at a price above €150/tCO2 it could be cost-effective for a considerable share (potentially 75%) of ships. In the short term, the costs incurred by the EU ETS will be passed on to transport customers as a surcharge. The increased cost may, unless properly addressed, drive carbon leakage. Meanwhile, a modal shift away from shipping may occur in the roll-on, roll-off (RoRo) and roll-on passenger (RoPax) segments due to direct competition with road and rail transport and the relative ease of shifting to other modes of transport.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of including maritime transport in the EU ETS
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Green Deal from the European Commission in 2019 set a high aim: that EU will become climate neutral by 2050. As a part of this, the European Commission proposed that the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), is extended to include the maritime sector. This report assesses different design features of shipping in ETS, analyse the impact on the shipping industry and the environment. The report investigates what impacts the inclusion of shipping may have on incentives for abatement, what types of emission reductions may follow, if the policy will lead to modal shifts or carbon leakage (meaning that vessels avoid EU ports in order to evade the policy) and what attitudes and expectations can be found among Swedish shipping lines and transport customers.
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| 3. |
- Olovsson, Tord Göran, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
På väg mot kollektivt lärande – inom ramen för samverkan mellan skola och universitet
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Forskning och utveckling i förskola och skola (Fufos). - Piteå : Utbildningsförvaltningen, Piteå kommun. - 2004-3635. ; 3:1, s. 62-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln, författad av forskare, förstelärare och skolledande personal, bygger på ett samverkansprojekt med målet att utveckla en gymnasieskolas kollektiva lärande. Artikeln syftar till att bidra till förståelse av vad ett sådant utvecklingsarbete kan innebära. Metoder som användes var enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Dataanalys genomfördes med stöd av tematisk analys i olika steg (jfr Braun & Clarke, 2006) och teoretiska begrepp som kollektivt och kollegialt lärande (Larsson, 2018) samt olika former av begreppet tillit (Jederlund, 2019). Resultaten visar att förstelärare som leder utvecklingsarbete påverkas av tidigare erfarenheter från utvecklingsarbete och att det är viktigt att lärare som medverkar känner tillit till enskilda kollegor, till den större grupp de ingår i samt till processen bakom utvecklingsarbetet. Samverkansprojektet bidrog till skapande av strukturer för fortsatt utveckling samt till insikt om att utvecklingsarbete främst handlar om att utveckla arbetssätt som är lämpliga för den egna verksamheten.
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| 4. |
- Ardeshiri, Tohid, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Convex Optimization Approach for Time-Optimal Path Tracking of Robots with Speed Dependent Constraints
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The task of generating time optimal trajectories for a six degrees of freedom industrial robot is discussed and an existing convex optimization formulation of the problem is extended to include new types of constraints. The new constraints are speed dependent and can be motivated from physical modeling of the motors and the drive system. It is shown how the speed dependent constraints should be added in order to keep the convexity of the overall problem. A method to, conservatively, approximate the linear speed dependent constraints by a convex constraint is also proposed. A numerical example proves versatility of the extension proposed in this paper.
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| 5. |
- Ardeshiri, Tohid, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Convex Optimization Approach for Time-Optimal Path Tracking of Robots with Speed Dependent Constraints
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress. - : IFAC. - 9783902661937 ; , s. 14648-14653
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The task of generating time optimal trajectories for a six degrees of freedom industrial robot is discussed and an existing convex optimization formulation of the problem is extended to include new types of constraints. The new constraints are speed dependent and can be motivated from physical modeling of the motors and the drive system. It is shown how the speed dependent constraints should be added in order to keep the convexity of the overall problem. A method to, conservatively, approximate the linear speed dependent constraints by a convex constraint is also proposed. A numerical example proves versatility of the extension proposed in this paper.
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| 6. |
- Falkeborn, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-Rank Exploitation in Semidefinite Programming for Control
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9781424453542 - 9781424453559 ; , s. 24-28
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many control related problems can be cast as semidefinite programs but, even though there exist polynomial time algorithms and good publicly available solvers, the time it takes to solve these problems can be long. Something many of these problems have in common, is that some of the variables enter as matrix valued variables. This leads to a low-rank structure in the basis matrices which can be exploited when forming the Newton equations. In this paper, we describe how this can be done, and show how our code can be used when using SDPT3. The idea behind this is old and is implemented in LMI Lab, but we show that when using a modern algorithm, the computational time can be reduced. Finally, we describe how the modeling language YALMIP is changed in such a way that our code can be interfaced using standard YALMIP commands, which greatly simplifies for the user.
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| 7. |
- Falkeborn, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-Rank Exploitation in Semidefinite Programming for Control
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Control. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7179 .- 1366-5820. ; 84:12, s. 1975-1982
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many control-related problems can be cast as semidefinite programs. Even though there exist polynomial time algorithms and excellent publicly available solvers, the time it takes to solve these problems can be excessive. What many of these problems have in common, in particular in control, is that some of the variables enter as matrix-valued variables. This leads to a low-rank structure in the basis matrices which can be exploited when forming the Newton equations. In this article, we describe how this can be done, and show how our code, called STRUL, can be used in conjunction with the semidefinite programming solver SDPT3. The idea behind the structure exploitation is classical and is implemented in LMI Lab, but we show that when using a modern semidefinite programming framework such as SDPT3, the computational time can be significantly reduced. Finally, we describe how the modelling language YALMIP has been changed in such a way that our code, which can be freely downloaded, can be interfaced using standard YALMIP commands. This greatly simplifies modelling and usage.
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| 8. |
- Forsling, Robin, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Conservative Linear Unbiased Estimation Under Partially Known Covariances
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - : IEEE. - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 70, s. 3123-3135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mean square error optimal estimation requires the full correlation structure to be available. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to maintain full knowledge about the correlations. One example is decentralized data fusion where the cross-correlations between estimates are unknown, partly due to information sharing. To avoid underestimating the covariance of an estimate in such situations, conservative estimation is one option. In this paper the conservative linear unbiased estimator is formalized including optimality criteria. Fundamental bounds of the optimal conservative linear unbiased estimator are derived. A main contribution is a general approach for computing the proposed estimator based on robust optimization. Furthermore, it is shown that several existing estimation algorithms are special cases of the optimal conservative linear unbiased estimator. An evaluation verifies the theoretical considerations and shows that the optimization based approach performs better than existing conservative estimation methods in certain cases.
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| 9. |
- Granhag, Lena, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Size-specific clearance rates of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi based on in situ gut content analyses
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 33:7, s. 1043-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi can consume large amounts of zooplankton prey.However, quantitative measurements of feeding rates, based on field data, arescarce. We measured the time required by the invasive M. leidyi to digest naturallyoccurring prey species in the Gullmar fjord, Sweden. Digestion times were relatedto prey size and type, number of prey in the gut and size of the predator. Largeprey species or many prey in the gut resulted in longer digestion times comparedwith small or few prey, but digestion time also varied with the size of M. leidyi. Theprey- and predator-specific digestion times were used together with in situ preyconcentrations and gut contents of M. leidyi to calculate the clearance rates.Clearance rate as a function of ctenophore size is presented for the most abundantmesozooplankton: Acartia sp., Oithona sp., Oikopleura dioica and Penilia avirostris. Onthe basis of the relation between digestion time and the carbon content ratiobetween prey and predator, we discuss the possible effects of mixed prey assemblageson the estimates of clearance rates.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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De svensk-norska försöken med en ny revolver år 1877
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Varia: Svenska vapenhistoriska sällskapets tidskrift. - Stockholm : Svenska vapenhistoriska sällskapet. - 0347-0733. ; :1, s. 35-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Hansson, Johan, Doktor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalising student teachers’ practicum : working towards a joint understanding
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research topic: Swedish teacher education programs comprise a coherent practicum period for 12 weeks (30 ects) at local schools. Under supervision of a local experienced teacher, student teachers’ practicum involves to plan, carry through and evaluate teaching and learning with pupils. The role of the local supervisor involves support for teacher educators’ assessment of student teachers’ abilities (e.g. subject didactical skills), which has become a burden due to heavy written analogue documentation. When the documentation fails, student teachers feel the feedback as non-relevant, vague, or as low-quality supervision. The supervisors have for a long time requested a digital version of the analogue assessment document, and in parallel, the teacher education institution has sought ways to develop opportunities for equal and high-quality supervision of student teachers. Taken this background into account, this study aims to explore change regarding opportunities and challenges of digitalising student teachers’ evaluation of practicum. Theoretical framework: Cultural Historical Activity Theory is applied to analyse this change and the expansive learning such a change result in (Engeström & Sannino, 2016). Expansive learning is based on a 7-step cyclic process where the first four steps include the collective learning actions of 1) questioning, 2) analysing, 3) modelling a new solution, and 4) examining and testing the new model. In accordance with these four steps, the supervisors questioned the analogue assessment document, teacher education sought ways to develop equal and high-quality supervision, and the municipality asked for quality in student teachers’ practicum (1). The concept and the digital service Teaching Analytics (TA) was seen as mean to digitalising student teachers’ evaluation of practicum (2). Teacher educators held workshops in TA with supervisors and student teachers and presented a time frame (3). In practicum, student teachers and supervisors were asked to use TA (4). These four steps are further scrutinized through the concepts of stimulus, contradictions, and agency. Methodology: The study was based on a single case study design of 8 invited student teachers practicum at upper secondary school in a municipality and 8 supervisors. Three types of data were collected: (i) interviews with the supervisors regarding use of TA and with one school leader at municipality level, (ii) a questionnaire to student teachers, and (iii) visualisations of student teachers’ evaluation of practice. Expected results: The preliminary findings indicate that the digitalisation of student teachers’ evaluation of practicum provide opportunities and challenges. Municipality stakeholders indicate a vision of good and equal supervision for student teachers due to a standardised language in TA. Student teachers indicate challenges based on contradictions about the threshold for learning Teaching Analytics and limited skills about the approach and vocabulary to analyse lessons. A second challenge concern a teacher education perspective and the perception what could manifest a digital service of the analogue assessment document. Hence, contradictions emerge between the analogue assessment document and TA. Relevance to Nordic educational research: Few studies have used software as a service in the evaluation and analysis of student teachers’ practicum.
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Educational Activities at the Sami Folk High School 1942-1982
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Creative Education. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2151-4755 .- 2151-4771. ; 6:9, s. 880-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sami folk high school started in 1942 as a school for young Sami that needed more education that the Swedish folk school or nomadic school offered its pupils. The school was managed by the Swedish mission society, an organization within the Swedish church. The school was successful but struggled with financial problems. The result was that a foundation with Sami representation managed the school instead after 1972. The following year was even more successful. The number of students increased, and the management could offer more courses and their curriculum had more Sami elements than earlier. However, there was also some conflicts during the 1970s. The largest one being the language boycott addressing the issue of Sami languages at the Sami folk high school as a subject in the school, and as an important part of the Sami culture and identity. This article describes the education of the Sami folk high school’s first 40 years with the help of a model for Sami pedagogy developed by Keskitalo and Määttä. The model shows that the education is to a large extent affected by outer factors—self determination, as well as inner factors—language issues and the curriculum.
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
-
Etisk granskning
- 2007
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Ingår i: Forska rätt. - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 9789172644717 ; , s. 25-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beskriver problematik kring deltagande observation i sammanhang där minderåriga finns, i detta fall skolan, samt skydd av forskningspersoner. Artikeln skildrar hur etiska överväganden förändrade ett forskningsprojekts metoder och undersökningsobjekt. Från en longitudinell studie, med framför allt klassrumsobservationer som metod, av tonåringars historiemedvetande till lärares och elevers uppfattningar om historia och historieundervisning och enkäter och intervjuer som metod.
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| 15. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Ett enande band bland Nordens alla samer : Slöjd på Samernas folkhögskola/Sámij álmmukallaskåvllå
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Educare. - Malmö : Faculty of Education and Society, Malmö University. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From its establishment in 1942, the Sami folk high school included crafts as an important part of its education program. The Swedish Mission Society, who founded the school, not only wanted to educate Sami youth to better their chances on the labour market but also to give them the opportunity to get acquainted with their Sami culture. Thus Sami crafts had a crucial role in educational activities at the folk high school. With the help of Gert Biesta’s concepts, the article shows that crafts had a socializing function. The teaching strengthened the students’ collective identity and provided them with traditional skills and knowledge. However, Lennart Wallmark, the school principal (1942-1972), stressed the importance of learning crafts for other purposes. Influenced by religious thinkers, he stated that the students would also be strengthened as individuals: a process of subjectification. Moreover, the crafts lessons had a third function: qualification. Though the studies were not vocational as such, they could simplify the process of procuring the quality label bestowed by the Sami organization Same Ätnam to crafts of especially high quality. Wallmark and the teachers in crafts were important for the development of craft education at the folk high school. However, Same Ätnam’s ideas of Sami handicraft and government regulations were also influential. These inner and outer forces contributed to the teaching so that it, on one hand, did not change much but, on the other hand, was congruous with the rest of the society.
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Historieintresse och historieundervisning : Elevers och lärares uppfattning om historieämnet
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies teachers’ and students’ conceptions of history and history teaching and aims to explain the importance of an interest in history among teachers and students of the subject. Research on teachers’ conceptions (e.g. Martin 2005) shows that the didactical question “Why?” influences the “How?” and “Why?” questions and that teachers’ thinking about their own practice is mainly influenced by their background and their experiences from teaching. Research on students’ opinions (e.g. Youth and History, 1997) shows that they enjoy history shown in films, that they appreciate museums, and that the preferred topic is 20th century history. In this thesis learning is envisaged as something individual but it is the learners’ social context that defines what is important, meaningful and interesting to learn. The research methods consist of a survey study concerning the pupils’ attitudes towards history and history education, and an interview study with their teachers about their teaching and their opinions about history in general. Nine teachers and their 217 pupils participated.It is mainly topics from 20th century that are described as interesting by both students and teachers. The teachers had different views on the didactical whyquestion, which they described either as student oriented or subject oriented. Their views on why history is important influenced their teaching methods. The student oriented teachers stated that their pupils’ needs and wishes affect their methods while the subject oriented teachers said that they give varying lessons, and have a more student active teaching, but decide for themselves what teaching methods are to be used. The subject matter is influenced by the teachers’ personal interest in history, in most cases a Eurocentric political history. This choice of content, and the teachers own interest, are explained by the historical culture of Swedish society rather than the curriculum. The teachers state that exciting stories and dramatic events related in books or films were, and still are, important to their interest in history. Their individual interpretation of what is important and meaningful in their historical culture influences teachers’ personal interest, their knowledge, and the content of their history teaching. The students’ attitudes to history are also influenced by various factors, of which history education at school is merely one.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Samernas folkhögskola och de samiska språken 1942–1990
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 3:1, s. 95-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sami folk high school and the Sami languages 1942–1990The Swedish Mission Society – SMS (Svenska missionssällskapet – SMS), wanted to improve the opportunities’ for Sami youth in Sweden and therefore they started a folk high school (folkhögskola) for the Sami in 1942. One of the aims of SMS was to help the Sámi to preserve and develop the Sami culture and languages. Over time Sami themes, the languages being one, became more prominent at the school. However some of the problems regarding the language teaching remained: the students wanted to learn different Sami languages, their linguistic skills varied a lot, and there was not that many students who wanted to learn Sami. Despite these problems, the teaching improved over the years and the Sami folk high school remained important for the Sami people during the researched period.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Svenska Missionssällskapet och Samernas folkhögskola
- 2016
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Ingår i: De historiska relationerna mellan Svenska kyrkan och samerna. - Skellefteå : Artos & Norma. - 9789175807959 - 9789152635858 ; , s. 439-467
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- År 1942 startades Samernas folkhögskola (SF) av Svenska Missionssällskapet (SMS). Från år 1945 var verksamheten förlagd till Jokkmokk. Skolans mål: förbereda unga samer för det moderna Sverige och förse dem med fördjupade kunskaper i den samiska kulturen och fostran i kristna värderingar. SMS ordförande var boiskop i Luleå och organisationen var integrerad i Svenska kyrkan. Den prästvigde Lennart Wallmark tillsattes vid starten som rektor, en tjänst som han hade i nästan 30 år. Wallmarks uppfattning om vad de unga samerna behövde påverkade undervisningen. Där fanns allmänna skolämnen, och stora inslag av praktiska skolämnen främst slöjd. Efter några år anpassades mer efter planen för folkhögskolornas allmänna linje. Det innebar mer tid till med mer tid till teoretiska skolämnen. Samisk slöjd hade detta till trots ett stort utrymme i timplanen. Undervisningen i samiska var problematisk med få elever och dålig tillgång på lärare i de olika språken. Utöver undervisningen ordnades gästföreläsningar, studiebesök och skolresor. Den religiösa närvaron vid SF var stark och tog sig bland annat uttryck i strikta ordningsregler och deltagande i gudstjänster. På 1960-talet minskade elevantalet, trots åtgärder som att tillåta icke-samiska elever. Detta tillsammans med att Svenska kyrkan inte längre gav bidrag till verksamheten gjorde att SMS lämnade SF i början av 1970-talet. Då trädde i stället en stiftelse in som huvudman, där såväl samiska organisationer som företrädare för Jokkmokks kommun var representerade, en ordning som består än i dag.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hansson, Johan, 1974-
(författare)
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Undervisning om Sveriges nationella minoriteter
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nordic Conference on Teaching and Learning in Curriculum Subjects (NOFA), Stockholm, May 13.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I de nu gällande kursplanerna för skolämnena svenska, historia och samhällskunskap nämns Sveriges nationella minoriteter bland de centrala innehållen och i samhällskunskapsämnet finnsdessutom kunskapskrav. Dessa kunskapskrav säger att eleverna ska ha kunskaper om de nationella minoriteterna och deras rättigheter, men skiljer sig från de övriga eftersom det inte är någon skillnad för betygen E eller A. Då projektets lärare började använda kursplanerna från 2011 kom de att diskutera de utmaningar som fanns med förändringarna, lärostoffet om minoriteterna. Utifrån sina samtal försökte de finna möjliga vägar till en undervisning om minoritetsfrågor på sin grundskola.Trots att de hade få elever fanns det många faktorer att hantera, exempelvis en upplevelse av stoffträngsel och de egna kunskapsluckorna, men också elevernas uppfattningar och skolans geografiska belägenhet.Tack vare medel från Lärarhögskolan, Umeå universitet samt Umeå kommun kunde en av skolans lärare arbeta med att skapa ett undervisningsupplägg som skulle kunna nyttjas av kollegor på den egna skolan men även på andra skolor. Därutöver undersöktes lärarnas didaktiska praktik. Undersökningen genomfördes enligt Uljens teoretiska modell för didaktisk utveckling med aktionsforskning som forskningsmetod. Källmaterialet utgörs främst av lärarnas planeringar och deras skriftliga instruktioner samt lärarnas diskussioner om sin undervisning. Det fram arbetatde upplägget är genomförbart, men undersökningen var problematisk på grund av personalomsättning och förändringar i organisationen.I korthet beskrivs upplägget på följande sätt: I årskurs sju studeras de nationella minoriteterna isamhällskunskapsundervisningen. Eleverna får lära sig faktakunskaper om minoriteterna, men även begrepp som identitet, etnicitet och kultur samt hur ungdomar i sina möten med människorformar sin identitet. I årskurs åtta fokuseras en del av undervisningen i svenska påminoritetsspråken och de rättigheter som skyddar dem. I årskurs nio ägnas en del avhistorieundervisningen till studier av samers och romers situation under 1900-talet ur ett Svenskt och Europeiskt perspektiv.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Klingspor, Måns, 1989-
(författare)
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Low-rank optimization in system identification
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the use of low-rank approximations in connection with problems in system identification is explored. Firstly, the motivation of using low-rank approximations in system identification is presented and the framework for low-rank optimization is derived. Secondly, three papers are presented where different problems in system identification are considered within the described low-rank framework. In paper A, a novel method involving the nuclear norm forestimating a Wiener model is introduced. As shown in the paper, this method performs better than existing methods in terms of finding an accurate model. In paper B and C, a group lasso framework is used to perform input selection in the model estimation which also is connected to the low rank framework. The model structures where these novel methods of input selection is used on are ARX models and state space models, respectively. As shown in the respective papers, these strategies of performing input selection perform better than existing methods in both terms of estimation and input selection.
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| 25. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Biological and environmental predictors of heterogeneity in neurocognitive ageing : Evidence from Betula and other longitudinal studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 64
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others. Genetic and lifestyle factors are assumed to influence cognitive performance in aging by affecting the magnitude and extent of age-related brain changes (i.e., brain maintenance or atrophy), as well as the ability to recruit compensatory processes. The purpose of this review is to present findings from the Betula study and other longitudinal studies, with a focus on clarifying the role of key biological and environmental factors assumed to underlie individual differences in brain and cognitive aging. We discuss the vital importance of sampling, analytic methods, consideration of non-ignorable dropout, and related issues for valid conclusions on factors that influence healthy neurocognitive aging.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Technological development for sustainability : The role of network management in the innovation policy mix
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 138, s. 309-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the key role of actor networks in progressing new sustainable technologies, there is a shortage of conceptual knowledge on how policy can help strengthen collaborative practices in such networks. The objective of this paper is to analyze the roles of such policies – so-called network management – throughout the entire technological development processes. The analysis draws on the public management and sustainability transitions literatures, and discusses how various network characteristics could affect the development of sustainable technologies, including how different categories of network management strategies could be deployed to influence actor collaborations. The paper's main contribution is an analytical framework that addresses the changing roles of network management at the interface between various phases of the technological development process, illustrated with the empirical case of advanced biorefinery technology development in Sweden. Furthermore, the analysis also addresses some challenges that policy makers are likely to encounter when pursuing network management strategies, and identifies a number of negative consequences of ignoring such instruments in the innovation policy mix. The latter include inefficient actor role-taking, the emergence of small, ineffective and competing actor networks in similar technological fields, and a shortage of interpretative knowledge.
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| 28. |
- Tunved, Peter, 1974-
(författare)
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On the lifecycle of aerosol particles : Sources and dispersion over Scandinavia
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aerosol particles are likely important contributors to our future climate. Further, during recent years, effects on human health arising from emissions of particulate material have gained increasing attention. In order to quantify the effect of aerosols on both climate and human health we need to better quantify the interplay between sources and sinks of aerosol particle number and mass on large spatial scales. So far long-term, regional observations of aerosol properties have been scarce, but argued necessary in order to bring the knowledge of regional and global distribution of aerosols further. In this context, regional studies of aerosol properties and aerosol dynamics are truly important areas of investigation.This thesis is devoted to investigations of aerosol number size distribution observations performed through the course of one year encompassing observational data from five stations covering an area from southern parts of Sweden up to northern parts of Finland. This thesis tries to give a description of aerosol size distribution dynamics from both a quantitative and qualitative point of view. The thesis focuses on properties and changes in aerosol size distribution as a function of location, season, source area, transport pathways and links to various meteorological conditions.The investigations performed in this thesis show that although the basic behaviour of the aerosol number size distribution in terms of seasonal and diurnal characteristics is similar at all stations in the measurement network, the aerosol over the Nordic countries is characterised by a typically sharp gradient in aerosol number and mass. This gradient is argued to derive from geographical locations of the stations in relation to the dominant sources and transport pathways. It is clear that the source area significantly determine the aerosol size distribution properties, but it is obvious that transport condition in terms of frequency of precipitation and cloudiness in some cases even more strongly control the evolution of the number size distribution. Aerosol dynamic processes under clear sky transport are however likewise argued to be highly important.Southerly transport of marine air and northerly transport of air from continental sources is studied in detail under clear sky conditions by performing a pseudo-Lagrangian box model evaluation of the two type cases. Results from both modelling and observations suggest that nucleation events contribute to integral number increase during southerly transport of comparably clean marine air, while number depletion dominates the evolution of the size distribution during northerly transport. This difference is largely explained by different concentration of pre-existing aerosol surface associated with the two type cases. Mass is found to be accumulated in many of the individual transport cases studied. This mass increase was argued to be controlled by emission of organic compounds from the boreal forest. This puts the boreal forest in a central position for estimates of aerosol forcing on a regional scale.
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| 29. |
- Wennman, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Fast track to stroke unit for patients not eligible for acute intervention, a case-control register study on 1066 patients.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke patients not eligible for acute intervention often have low priority and may spend long time at the emergency department (ED) waiting for admission. The aim of this retrospective case-control register study was to evaluate outcomes for such "low priority" stroke patients who were transported via Fast Track directly to the stroke unit, according to pre-specified criteria by emergency medical service (EMS). The outcomes of Fast Track patients, transported directly to stroke unit (cases) were compared with the outcomes of patients who fulfilled these critera for Fast Track, but instead were transported to the ED (controls). In all, 557 cases and 509 controls were identified. The latter spent a mean time of 237 min in the ED before admission. The 90-day mortality rate was 12.9% for cases and 14.7% for controls (n.s.). None of the secondary outcome events differed significantly between the groups: 28-day mortality rate; death rate during hospitalisation; proportion of pneumonias, falls or pressure ulcers; or health-related outcomes according to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. These findings indicates that the Fast Track to the stroke unit by an EMS is safe for selected stroke patients and could avoid non-valuable time in the ED.
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| 30. |
- Zetterberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Shipping in the EU ETS - Policy brief
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This policy brief identifies and discusses key design features for including shipping in the EU ETS and assesses modal split impacts and economic implications. The ambition has not been to provide recommendations but rather to provide an overview and brief assessment of the options that has been part of the discussion pending the final legislative proposal, including: Covered ship categories. If shipping is included in the EU ETS the system will most likely cover the same ship categories as the shipping MRV (monitoring, reporting and verification) regulation, i.e., Ships >5000 gross tonnage. This would mean that 55% of all ships calling into EEA (European Economic Area) ports (together responsible for more than 90% of the CO2 emission from shipping) would be covered by the scheme. Geographical coverage. We have identified three main options: 1) EU internal routes; 2) all incoming and outgoing routes from EU/EEA ports; and 3) semi-full coverage meaning EU internal routes plus 50% of the routes to international ports. Only targeting internal-EU shipping would significantly reduce the overall shipping emissions covered but could be an easier political sell. The shipping industry has raised concerns that a ‘global’ scope may lead to perverse incentives, e.g. ships from international ports calling at a port just outside the EU before sailing to an EU port. However, recent estimates (Transport & Environment, 2020b) suggest that the added cost associated with port stops for the purpose of evading CO2 prizing rarely makes economic sense. Included Greenhouse gases. The system will initially most likely only cover carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from shipping. Regulated entity. The ship owner is an obvious choice since they have the power to reduce emissions, by technical choices such as vessel form, power trains etc. However, for some categories of shipping it is common that the operators lease the ships. In these cases, operators may be a better choice as the regulated entity since they have power to reduce emissions by efficient routing, efficient loading and logistics. Choosing the fuel supplier will come with a high risk that fueling will occur outside the EU. Transport buyers could be the regulated entity since they are responsible for transporting the cargo and can choose other transport modes (substitution). However, it would be more administratively burdensome. Allocation of allowances. Auctioning is the main method for allocating allowances in the EU ETS. Auctioning is consistent with the polluter pays principle, transparent and creates high incentives for reducing emissions. If shipping is included in the EU ETS with semi-full geographical coverage, allowance auctioning and an allowance price of 50 EUR per ton, we estimate the compliance cost to be approximately 100 EUR per ton fuel used. This can be compared to the price of fuel which is currently at 480 EUR/ton and has varied between 200 and 500 the last 12 months. If we assume that fuel costs account for one third of total transport costs, the compliance cost for shipping in the EU ETS will be less than 7% of the total transport related costs. If instead 85% of allowances are allocated for free by benchmarking under a semi-full geographical scope, assuming an allowance price of 50 EUR per ton, we estimate the compliance cost to be 15 EUR per ton fuel used (on average for the whole sector) or approximately 1% the total transport related costs. Transport & Environment (2020b) has also investigated compliance costs, applying auctioning under a semi-full scope ETS design. They conclude that CO2 costs would add only a very small 4 amount to the overall transport costs. For transporting a standard container (TEU) from Spain to Singapore, the CO2 costs would represent less than 1% of the overall transport costs. Modal shift. Senders of goods consider transport costs to be one of the most important factors when choosing transport modes. This suggests that inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS could lead to modal shifts when there are other transport modes available. In the EU, RoRo and RoPax mostly operates on routes where there is a land-based transport option and largely utilizing road based load units, such as trucks and trailers, which makes this the most exposed segment to a potential modal shift. The extent of any modal shift will largely depend on the characteristics and competition for each route, although the currently estimated cost of EU ETS is in itself not likely to cause any major modal shift. The container feeder segment is also subject to a direct modal competition with road and rail, although to a lesser extent due to more relaxed transport time requirements and the dimensions of containers which are adapted to sea transport and are less efficiently transported by road. However, port rail shuttles could potentially compete with feeder traffic from continental Europe. We expect that bulk shipping will not be particularly impacted by the introduction of EU ETS, since typical bulk freight are often heavy weight and lower value (per ton) and cannot be efficiently transported by road. Rail has a better chance at competing in this segment, although the modal shift is also expected to be low, one reason being that the market already absorbs large fluctuations in bulk transport costs. Although EU ETS is not likely to be a major cost item for shipping, it obviously adds to total costs and might in the long run incur changes in trade patterns and localization of industry and terminals.
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