| 1. |
- Axelsson, Josefine, 1992-
(författare)
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Interglacial climates in proxies and models : Utilizing sampled oxygen isotopes and model simulations to understand past Indian summer monsoon variability
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of Earth's climate system, including the mechanisms driving monsoon systems, is a key area of research within environmental sciences. Monsoons, vital for billions of people, are complex atmospheric phenomena influenced by various global factors, including orbital changes and natural climate variability. Among monsoon systems, the Indian summer Monsoon (ISM) is of particular interest due to its significant impact on the South Asian climate, agriculture, and water resources. Despite extensive study, comprehending the ISM's historical variability and its future implications remains a challenge. Utilizing natural archives like speleothems, along with stable water isotopes from precipitation and advanced climate model simulations, this thesis aims to decipher the ISM's responses to natural forcings across key interglacial periods—the Last Interglacial and the Holocene.Our findings indicate that the ISM's strength is critically influenced by slight variations in orbital configurations, leading to significant shifts in monsoon patterns. Our research also highlights the dual influence of local geographical features and distant atmospheric conditions on the ISM's annual variability. Most notably, we observed discrepancies between δ18O values obtained from isotope-enabled climate models and those derived from speleothems. This insight indicates that the models need refinement to accurately mirror the complexities observed in the proxy records and that the uncertainty parameter in speleothem records needs to be improved.The alignment between proxy and model data is crucial for a more accurate reconstruction of past climates and for enhancing the predictive capabilities of future monsoon behavior under changing climatic conditions. By advancing our knowledge of the ISM's past, we are better equipped to anticipate its future. To achieve that, this thesis stresses the importance of bridging the gap between proxy data insights and climate model simulations. This would not only enrich our historical climate knowledge but also inform future climate projections, highlighting the indispensable role of interdisciplinary research in climate science challenges.
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| 2. |
- Collin, Sven-Olof, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positive accounting theory (PAT) tries to explain corporations’ choices of accounting standards. Empirical research in this field has been focused on the choices made by large, listed corporations. We challenge this grounding through extending the empirical domain by testing PAT on Swedish municipal corporations. In order to be able to explain the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations, PAT has to be complemented by institutional factors that can consider the forces of coercive, mimetic and normative pressures presented by the environment. The sample of municipal corporations showed that the choice of standards was significantly explained by both PAT factors and institutional factors. The conclusion is that municipal corporations tend to be subject to institutional influence by accepting the practice of their auditing firm and by using specific standards order to legitimise themselves when they have reached a certain size. Additionally, they tend to act according to PAT predictions by using those standards that are able to reduce the profit to levels that society deems acceptable for municipal corporations. Accordingly, through extending the empirical domain to municipal corporations, this paper’s contribution is to show that PAT needs the complementary institutional factors in order to be capable of explaining choice of accounting standards in firms.
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| 3. |
- Collin, Sven-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Explaining the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positive accounting theory (PAT) tries to explain corporations’ choices of accounting standards. Empirical research in this field has been focused on the choices made by large, listed corporations. We challenge this grounding through extending the empirical domain by testing PAT on Swedish municipal corporations. In order to be able to explain the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations, PAT has to be complemented by institutional factors that can consider the forces of coercive, mimetic and normative pressures presented by the environment. The sample of municipal corporations showed that the choice of standards was significantly explained by both PAT factors and institutional factors. The conclusion is that municipal corporations tend to be subject to institutional influence by accepting the practice of their auditing firm and by using specific standards order to legitimise themselves when they have reached a certain size. Additionally, they tend to act according to PAT predictions by using those standards that are able to reduce the profit to levels that society deems acceptable for municipal corporations. Accordingly, through extending the empirical domain to municipal corporations, this paper’s contribution is to show that PAT needs the complementary institutional factors in order to be capable of explaining choice of accounting standards in firms.
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| 4. |
- Ekengard, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A pyrazine amide – 4-aminoquinoline hybrid and its rhodium and iridium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes; evaluation of anti-mycobacterial and anti-plasmodial activities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society. - 1870-249X. ; 61:2, s. 158-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and characterization of N-(2-((7-chloroquino-lin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L), an aminoquinoline – pyrazinamide hybrid, and the complexes (N-(2-((7-chloroquino-lin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide)(cyclopentadienyl) chlorido-rhodium or iridium hexafluorophosphate ([M(L)(Cp*)Cl] PF6; M = Rh, Ir) and the corresponding chlorido salts ([M(L)(Cp*) Cl]Cl; M = Rh, Ir) are described. The ligand and the hexafluorophosphate salts of the metal complexes have been evaluated for anti-plasmodial and anti-mycobacterial activity. The rhodium and the iridium complexes were significantly more active against M. tuberculosis than the free ligand. The crystallographically determined molecular structures of complexes (N-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide)(cyclopentadienyl) chlororhodium hexafluoro-phosphate and (N-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)pyr-azine-2-carboxamide)(cyclopentadienyl)chloro-iridium chloride are presented.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Financial Support and Resilience of Self-Employed people in Sweden and Canada
- 2023
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Ingår i: <em>European Journal of Public Health</em>, Volume 33, Issue Supplement_2, October 2023. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundGlobally the COVID-19 pandemic presented major difficulties for self-employed people such as financial decline, restrictions and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures was rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effectiveness of the policy measures on small businesses. The aim of the study was to compare policies addressing government financial support in Sweden and Canada to get an understanding of how different governmental financial support measures enhanched self-employed people's resilience and improved their chances to manage the pandemic. In addition, individual interviews with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people were conducted to get an understanding of how they experienced the support measures and how these measures factored into their resilience during and after the restrictions had ended.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method study encompassing document analysis and semi-structured interviews with self-employed people in Sweden and Canada. The constant comparative method guided the data analysis and documentary and interview data were analysed together. Three categories were formed: Welfare protection and effects, Self-employed well-being and Agility during COVID-19, based on their ability to represent the overall sense of the phenomena.ResultsKey results were that self-employed people in both countries unable to telework, were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions and lockdowns, and that this negatively affected their well-being.ConclusionsPotential future policy responses in Sweden and Canada to support self-employed people during crises or adversity should consider the diversity among small businesses and tailor programmes towards viable businesses in greatest need of support, such as those in businesses unable to telework.Key messages • Self-employed people in Sweden and Canada unable to telework, were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions and lockdowns. • Future policy responses to support self-employed people during adversity should tailor programmes towards viable businesses in greatest need of support.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of governmental financial support and resilience of self-employed people in Sweden and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 83:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Josefine
(författare)
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Self-employed people navigating difficult times : business challenges and well-being from a salutogenic perspective
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundGlobally, the COVID-19 pandemic presented major difficulties for many self-employed people because it caused pressures such as decreased customer demand, production stagnation, disruptions in supply chains and increased uncertainty. The vast amount of the studies of self-employed people during the pandemic have focused on traditional pathogenic effects. Hence, overall aim of this thesis is to explore how self-employed people experienced and used internal and external salutogenic resources to navigate the pandemic, from a business challenge and an individual well-being perspective. MethodsDifferent methods of data collection and analysis were employed in the thesis. For study I, a qualitative design was used to explore whether a sense of coherence was experienced, and any general resistance resources were used by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the pandemic. For study II, a cross-sectional quantitative design was employed to investigate the well-being of self-employed people in Europe during the pandemic and whether their well-being was influenced by factors representing four socio-ecological levels. Lastly, study III applied a mixed-method design including comparative policy analysis and interviews to gain an understanding of how different governmental financial support measures aimed to aid the resilience of Swedish and Canadian self-employed people and improve their ability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Study I was analysed through a deductive content analysis, study II was analysed using independent sample t-tests, correlations and linear regression, and study III used comparative policy analysis and inductive content analysis. ResultsFindings from the interviews in study I demonstrated that it was important for the participants to comprehend and manage challenges during the pandemic in a resourceful manner, and to see meaningfulness in their situations. In study II, the findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and experiencing rules as clear affected the self-employed people’s well-being, and that these factors may be even more important for those who had difficulties running their business. Study III found that self-employed people in both Sweden and Canada who 10 were unable to telework were relatively less resilient during the pandemic. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with government financial support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people who experienced difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, which had a negative effect on their business survival. Conclusion While the three studies in this thesis had different foci, they collectively provide insights into the internal and external salutogenic resources that influenced how self-employed people navigated the pandemic. A sense of coherence, resilience and well-being were deemed important for handling the pandemic well, for both the individuals and their businesses. The research also indicated the interconnectedness between self-employed people and their businesses. For instance, financial difficulties may lead to increased stress and pressure to make decisions to sustain the business. Reduced well-being, in turn, made it harder to adapt and adjust positively to adversity. The importance of supporting factors at multiple socio-ecological levels was also highlighted, and these may be particularly important to those who had difficulties running their businesses.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Framtidens arbete – arbetets framtid. - Kiruna.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small business managers and Covid-19 – the role of a sense of coherence in coping with stressors Many businesses around the world are facing a significant impact from the Covid-19 pandemic, with the transport, tourism, and hospitality sectors being among the most affected. Compared to larger businesses, the effect on small businesses has generally been more severe due to their limited human, financial and technical resources. In addition, the degree of government financial aid, in combination with changes in the supply chain, may strongly affect the operations and survival of small businesses. The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic can have a profound effect on the work environment, health, and well-being of themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. Aim of study The aim of the study was to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. The inclusion criteria were small businesses with less than 20 employees representing different types of services in the private sector. Further criteria were that the businesses were located in comparable geographic regions in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness, and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process. Results Findings from the interviews demonstrated that it was important for the managers to comprehend and manage the challenges during the pandemic in a resourceful manner, and to see the meaningfulness in the situation. Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation. Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses or themselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor in managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Small business managers and Covid-19—The role of a sense of coherence and general resistance resources in coping with stressors
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The response of small business managers to an external event such as the pandemic canhave a profound effect on the work environment, health and well-being for themselves and their employees. Previous research on small business managers during the pandemic has mainly focused on traditional pathogenic effects, and there is a lack of studies looking at the issue from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. The aim of this study is to explore whether a sense of coherence and general resistance resources were experienced by small business managers in Sweden and Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods A qualitative design was applied through exploratory interviews with 16 managers of small businesses in Sweden and Norway. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using the sense of coherence concept by Aaron Antonovsky, with the three main components of comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability acting as a conceptual framework for the analysis process.Results Within the three main sense-of-coherence categories, six general resistance resources were identified as being important for the managers to handle uncertainty during the pandemic. These were understanding rules and regulations, social support, optimism, proactivity, problem-solving and flexibility and cooperation.Conclusions The small business managers handled the pandemic in a way that worked well in their contexts, and the pandemic generally did not have a negative effect on their businesses orthemselves. A salutogenic approach, through which the managers focused on identifying and using resources, was an important factor for managing stressors and adversity during the pandemic. Hence, the concept of salutogenesis may be used as an intervention to foster better health in small businesses, both at a personal and organisational level in order to handle future challenges effectively.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-Ecological Factors and Well-Being among Self-Employed in Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The self-employed are at increased risk of negative well-being outcomes when facing adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies that examine socio-ecological factors that may protect their well-being are warranted.Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of European self-employed people (n = 1665). The WHO-5 Well-being Index was used to examine the impact on well-being of factors at four socio-ecological levels. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and linear regression were applied to analyse differences between groups of self-employed and interactions between variables using SPSS.Results: Well-being and the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, useful work and finding the rules clear were positively correlated with well-being. For self-employed who reported that it was challenging to run their business during the pandemic, social support and finding rules clear were of significantly greater importance to their well-being.Conclusions: The findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and finding the rules clear affect well-being. The results also indicate that it is vital to consider factors at multiple socio-ecological levels to improve the well-being of the self-employed during adversity.
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-Ecological Factors and Well-Being among Self-Employed in Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: 10th Nordic Health Promotion Research Conference June 14-16 2023, Halmstad June 14–16, 2023. - Halmstad.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The self-employed are at increased risk of negative well-being outcomes when facing adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies that examine socio-ecological factors that may protect their well-being are warranted. Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of European self-employed people (n = 1665). The WHO-5 Well-being Index was used to examine the impact on well-being of factors at four socio-ecological levels. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and linear regression were applied to analyse differences between groups of self-employed and interactions between variables using SPSS. Results: Well-being and the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, useful work and finding the rules clear were positively correlated with well-being. For self-employed who reported that it was challenging to run their business during the pandemic, social support and finding rules clear were of significantly greater importance to their well-being. Conclusions: The findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and finding the rules clear affect well-being. The results also indicate that it is vital to consider factors at multiple socio-ecological levels to improve the well-being of the self-employed during adversity.
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| 12. |
- Jerlström, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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A formal model for assessing the economic impact of animal welfare improvements at bovine and porcine slaughter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 31, s. 361-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between animal welfare at slaughter and slaughterhouse profitability is complex, with potential trade-offs between animal welfare costs and benefits. Slaughterhouses currently lack data support for decisions on investments that can improve both animal welfare and profitability. Therefore, this study mapped the economic impacts for slaughterhouse businesses of improved cattle and pig welfare at slaughter. Specific aims were to: (i) highlight the possible economic impact of animal welfare improvements, based on the scientific literature; (ii) develop an economic model demonstrating the theoretical contribution of animal welfare to slaughterhouse profitability; and (iii) validate the economic model through focus group interviews with slaughterhouse personnel in Sweden. The findings indicated that investing in animal welfare improvements could result in accumulation of an intangible asset that can be considered together with other production factors in the economic model. Model validation stressed the importance of selling by-products for the economic outcome and of smooth workflow for productivity. The study thus improves understanding of the economic impacts of animal welfare at slaughter and incentives for slaughterhouse businesses to improve animal welfare. The results are important for public and private policy-makers interested in enhancing animal welfare at slaughter.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Löfstrand, Pär, Universitetslektor, PhD, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Transition to Activity Based Workplaces (ABWs) in the Post Covid-19 Era
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This abstract explores the expectations and concerns associated with ABWs during a transition to ABW in a Swedish municipality (620 employees).Modern work life is changing rapidly, not at least because of the covid -19 pandemic. In the Post Covid – 19 Era many workplaces have changed towards more flexible work arrangements. This has increased the implementation of so called ABWs, not at least among public sector workplaces.Previous research has revealed that expectations surrounding ABWs relate to increased collaboration and employee well-being. By providing a variety of work settings, ABWs enable employees to choose spaces that align with their tasks, fostering communication and idea sharing. Furthermore, ABWs are anticipated to enhance employee satisfaction and productivity through increased autonomy and flexibility.Concerns exist regarding noise distractions, lack of privacy, and effective leadership. Additionally, the absence of enclosed private areas may raise concerns about confidentiality. Leadership are crucial in ABWs to create a culture of trust and collaboration.In this study we explored qualitative data from around 600 municipality employees who were in the middle of transition from cell-offices to ABW. The employees were handed a questionnaire with questions of how they perceived their work environment from a social, organizational, and psychological perspective. The survey also included three open-ended questions: What expectations do you have for your new workplace? what risks do you see in your new workplace? and, what opportunities do you see with your new workplace?This paper aims to account for employees' perceptions of moving to an ABW. Overall, understanding and addressing these expectations and concerns are essential for successful implementation of ABWs and to maximize their potential benefits while mitigating potential challenges.
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| 15. |
- Mousa, Abdelrazek H., et al.
(författare)
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Carboxylation of the Ni-Me Bond in an Electron-Rich Unsymmetrical PCN Pincer Nickel Complex
- 2020
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Ingår i: Organometallics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0276-7333 .- 1520-6041. ; 39:9, s. 1553-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of a new unsymmetrical PCN ligand bearing tert-butyl groups on the phosphorus atom and isopropyl groups on the nitrogen donor atom is presented. It reacts with the commercially available Ni(DME)Br2 precursor to offer the corresponding t-BuPCNi-Pr pincer nickel bromide complex 1 together with a paramagnetic species, which was characterized as a tetrahedral nickel complex. Complex 1 reacts with MeMgCl to give the corresponding methyl complex 3. Carboxylation of complex 3 using 4 atm of CO2 gave the PCN nickel acetate complex 4 under mild reaction conditions comparable to those for the corresponding palladium complexes with PCP ligands.
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| 16. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonizing the Dynamics of Employeeship, Motivation, Leadership, Management, and Ambassadorship : Insights from a Study in Swedish Public Workplaces
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the interconnected dynamics of employeeship, motivation, leadership, management, and ambassadorship within the contemporary public workplace. Employeeship, a concept embodying commitment, accountability, and proactive participation, forms the foundation of a thriving organizational culture. Motivation, a driving force behind individual and collective performance, emerges as a critical factor influencing employeeship. Effective leadership, characterized by inspiration, guidance, and a strategic vision, serves as a catalyst for fostering a culture of employeeship and motivation.Ambassadorship extends beyond organizational boundaries, emphasizing employees as brand advocates, influencing external perceptions. Robust assessment mechanisms play a key role in gauging employees' contributions, identifying areas for improvement, and aligning organizational goals with individual aspirations.This study underscores the symbiotic relationship among these elements, positing that a harmonious blend can cultivate a resilient and high-performing workforce. As organizations navigate the evolving landscape of work dynamics, understanding and optimizing these facets contribute to a holistic approach that fosters employee engagement, work satisfaction, and sustained organizational success.The study includes data from around 10000 employees and leaders in two Swedish municipalities. Preliminary results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the studied factors: motivation, leadership, management, and ambassadorship. However, the data also reveal differences according to factors such as gender and position (leader – employee). This study also raises theoretical questions and suggests improvements of the assessment methods often used to measure employee satisfaction in the Swedish public sector.
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| 17. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledares arbetsvillkor och arbetsmiljöarbete i småföretag under pandemin : lärdomar för framtiden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Framtidens arbete – arbetets framtid. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. ; , s. 76-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covid-19 pandemin har påverkat många företag världen över med kraftigt lägre orderingång, negativa ekonomiska effekter och behov av ekonomiska bidrag för dessa företag. Det är troligt att de små företagen är särskilt sårbara för kriser då de har färre personella, finansiella och teknologiska resurser jämfört med större företag. Förutom negativ påverkan på företagets verksamhet visar forskning på negativa effekter i form av stress, oro och osäkerhet både bland ledare och medarbetare i småföretag. Det finns också småföretag som klarat pandemin bra och kunnat hantera denna och till och med ökat företagets omsättning. Det är troligt att den pågående pandemin innebär ökad belastning på ledare och medarbetare i små företag med effekter på arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsa. Studier om hur pandemin påverkat dessa faktorer och hur ledare hanterat pandemin är av betydelse för att bidra till lärdomar inför framtida kriser. Syfte: I ett pågående projekt finansierat av AFA Försäkring genomförs kvantitativa studier av europeiska småföretag och kvalitativa studier fokuserade på ledare i svenska och norska småföretag. Projektets syfte är att bidra till kunskap om hur ledare i små företag upplever och hanterar pågående pandemi med särskilt fokus på deras arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsa. Syften är också att bidra med kunskap om hur de uppfattar och använder olika statliga stöd och vilka lärdomar som kan dras inför framtida kriser. Metod: Projektet har så här långt genomfört sju delstudier. En enkät till ledare i svenska små företag besvarades av 814 personer, en enkät till ledare i europeiska småföretag besvarades av 5500 personer. Dessa data har legat till grund för studier av ledares arbetsvillkor, sjuknärvaro, livstillfredsställelse och hälsa. Genomförda intervjuer av 18 svenska och norska ledare har legat till grund för tre studier varav en studie har använt en longitudinell design med intervjuer av samma ledare före och under pandemin.Intervjuerna har analyserats med innehållsanalys, tematisk analys och longitudinell design (LQR). I denna presentation redovisas resultat från några av de genomförda studierna. Resultat: Drygt hälften av de svenska ledarna rapporterar att de förlorat kontrakt under pandemin och runt 40 procent att de infört nya produkter eller tjänster. Runt hälften av de svarande rapporterar att de försökt hitta nya kunder. Ett flertal ledare är kritiska till olika statliga stöd och anser inte att de transparenta och rättvisa och når de som behöver dem bäst. Några kvantitativa resultat är att ledare i små europeiska företag rapporterar högre livstillfredsställelse jämfört med anställda före pandemin, men det motsatta gäller efter pandemin. Regressionsanalyser visar att påverkan på företaget, ökade arbetstimmar, konflikt mellan arbete-fritid och mental hälsa förklarar en stor del av svenska ledares sjuknärvaro. När det gäller europeiska ledare i småföretag finns signifikanta skillnader mellan de som upplevt det svårt att driva företaget och de som klarat pandemin bra vad gäller mental hälsa, socialt stöd, resurser och upplevelser av statliga stöd. En longitudinell analys av intervjuer med svenska och norska ledare resulterade i två teman,motståndskraft i kristider och krävande arbetsmiljöförhållanden, samt fem kategorier. Dessa resultat tyder på att ett flertal ledare hittat strategier för att hantera pandemin, även om denna också medfört ett flertal påfrestningar för ledarna och dess anställda.Genomförda studier pekar på behov av att anpassa statliga stöd till de små företagens villkor och på behov av stöd för insatser på organisations- och individnivå i dessa företag.
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| 18. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Små företag och COVID-19 – ledares upplevelser av arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Konferensbok FALF 14–16 juni 2021. - Västerås : Mälardalens högskola. ; , s. 133-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- De flesta EU-länder erbjuder olika former av ekonomiskt stöd till småföretag för att mildra effekterna av coronaviruset. Fyra av tio svenska småföretag bedömer att de påverkas avcoronavirusets spridning enligt en undersökning. I media nämns om kraftigt lägre orderingång, negativa ekonomiska effekter och behov av ekonomiska bidrag för dessa företag. Forskning visar att de små företagen har mer begränsade ekonomiska och personella resurser för arbete med arbetsmiljö- och hälsoförbättrande insatser. Forskning visar också attl edare i små företag är exponerade för höga arbetskrav och varierade och fragmenterade arbetsuppgifter. Det är troligt att den pågående pandemin innebär ökad belastning på ledare och medarbetare i små företag med påverkan på arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsa. Studier om nämnda förhållanden är av betydelse för att bidra till lärdomar inför framtida kriser. Syfte: Projektets syfte är att bidra till kunskap om hur ledare i små företag upplever pågående pandemi med fokus på deras arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsa. Syften är också att bidra med kunskap om hur de uppfattar och använder olika statliga stöd och lärdomar inför framtida kriser.Metod: Projektet är pågående och genomförs via analyser av en enkätundersökning till svenska småföretag med färre än 50 anställda och en enkätundersökning som riktas till personer i länder inom EU. I projektet ingår också intervjuer med norska och svenska ledare. De kvantitativa analyserna av data från drygt 800 svenska småföretagsledare fokuseras på beskrivande data,jämförelser mellan ledare i olika företagsstorlekar och relationer mellan arbetsvillkor, balans arbete-fritid och hälsoutfall. Genomförda intervjuer analyseras med innehållsanalys och tematisk analys. I denna presentation redovisas preliminära resultat utifrån främst studier av svenska ledare. Resultat: Drygt hälften av ledarna rapporterar att de förlorat kontrakt under pandemin och runt 40 procent att de infört nya produkter eller tjänster. Runt hälften av de svarande rapporterar att de försökt hitta nya kunder. Ett flertal ledare är kritiska till olika statliga stöd och anser inte att de transparenta och rättvisa och når de som behöver dem bäst. När det gäller arbetsvillkor, påverkan av arbete på privatlivet och hälsa är resultaten motstridiga – en del ledare rapporterar negativ påverkan av pandemin, andra rapporterar begränsad eller ingen påverkan. Analys av intervjuerna resulterade i tre teman: förändrad ledarroll, påverkan på privatlivet och påverkan på välmående. En majoritet av ledarna pekar på att pandemin medfört utvidgade arbetsuppgifter, ökade arbetskrav och arbete med strategier för företagets överlevnad. Flera ledare anger att balansen mellan arbete och privatliv försämrats med sämre möjligheter till återhämtning. Av resultaten framgår också att en del ledare hittat nya affärsmöjligheter och att de inte påverkats negativt av pandemin.
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- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Småföretag och Covid-19 : – ledares lärdomar inför framtida kriser
- 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektets syfte har varit att bidra till kunskap om hur Covid-19 pandemin påverkat arbetsmiljö, hälsa och balans mellan arbete och privatliv bland egenföretagare och ledare i små företag i olika europeiska länder samt bidra till fördjupad kunskap om hur norska och svenska små företag kan implementera genomförda statliga stödåtgärder och hantera arbetsmiljö- och hälsofrågor. En ambition har också varit att bidra till kunskap om hur lärdomar om nämnda faktorer kan användas vid framtida kriser. I det AFA-finansierade projektet har genomförts nio delstudier – fyra kvantitativa studier baserade på europeiska och svenska enkätdata, två kvalitativa intervjustudier av norska och svenska egenföretagare och tre med en blandad design. Projektet har resulterat i nio publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar, en licentiatavhandling, deltagande i sju vetenskapliga konferenser, presentationer i några populärvetenskapliga sammanhang och i tidningar och övrig media.Av resultaten framgår att pandemin påverkat norska, svenska, andra europeiska och kanadensiska egenföretagare när det gäller verksamhet, arbets- och livsvillkor samt hälsa och välbefinnande på flera sätt. Även om en delstudie visar på lägre konflikt mellan arbete och privatliv och högre mentalt välbefinnande bland egenföretagare jämfört med andra grupper, visar en annan delstudie på signifikant lägre nivå av livstillfredsställelse bland egenföretagare än anställda under pandemin. Delstudier baserade på ett omfattande europeiskt enkätmaterial visar att företagare som rapporterar att de hanterat sin verksamhet på ett bra sätt har goda hälsoutfall, men att företagare som anser det vara utmanande att driva sina företag under pandemin rapporterar sämre hälsa. Regressionsanalyser i en delstudie av europeiska egenföretagare visar att faktorerna egen motståndskraft, tillgång till socialt stöd, meningsfullhet och tydliga regler för statligt stöd är signifikant associerade med mentalt välbefinnande. För egenföretagare som upplever svårigheter att driva företaget under pandemin är faktorerna socialt stöd och tydliga regler för statligt stöd av särskild betydelse för deras välbefinnande.Genomförda studier av norska och svenska företag visar att för flera företag adderar en kritisk händelse som en pandemi till en redan hög arbetsbelastning bland egenföretagarna, vilket kan ha negativa effekter på verksamheten och hantering av arbetsmiljö- och hälsofrågor. De intervjuade personerna rapporterarviiiatt de förändrat och breddat sin ledarroll under pandemin med fokus på att finna nya lösningar för sina företag och stödja sina medarbetare när det gäller risker för ohälsa och oro kopplat till pandemins effekter. Flera av de intervjuade cheferna anger att de med ett salutogent förhållningssätt kunnat hantera pandemin på ett bra sätt och att denna inte märkbart påverkat deras verksamhet eller dem själva negativt.När det gäller egenföretagarnas och chefernas attityder till de ekonomiska stödåtgärderna tyder dessa på en bristande överensstämmelse mellan småföretagens behov under Covid-19-pandemin och hur samhället tillhandahåller resurser genom olika stödsystem. Resultaten visar också att många egenföretagare och chefer i små företag inte sökt och erhållit statligt finansiellt stöd. Den genomförda intervjustudien av svenska och kanadensiska chefer bekräftar dessa resultat där många egenföretagare i hårt drabbade branscher angav att de var missnöjda med åtgärderna och fann dessa vara orättvist fördelade. Ett resultat var också att egenföretagare i de båda länderna som inte kunde distansarbeta var mindre motståndskraftiga under pandemin på grund av ekonomiska problem och olika restriktioner.I rapportens avslutande del redovisas praktiska och forskningsmässiga implikationer med koppling till arbetsmiljö- och hälsoaspekter och statliga åtgärder under kriser som en pandemi. Insatser är av särskild betydelse för egenföretagare och små företag, som utgör en dominerande andel i privat sektor i de flesta länder. Fortsatt kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning, särskilt med en longitudinell ansats, är viktig för att få lärdomar inför framtida kriser.
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