| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alinaitwe, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation Barriers and Enablers that Affect Productivity in Uganda Building Industry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction in Developing Countries. - Penang : Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia / Universiti Sains Malaysia Press. - 1823-6499 .- 2180-4222. ; 12:1, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The construction industry has of recent been blamed for lack of innovation. Lack of innovation in the industry is believed to be responsible for the decreasing or stagnant levels of productivity in comparison with other industries. This paper reviews the major barriers and enables to innovation in general. Propositions were made about the factors that affect innovation in the construction industry which were then formulated into a questionnaire. A survey was made on building contractors in Uganda, a developing country, targeting those with financial strength, large in size, and with high capacity to carry out big projects. The identified factors were then ranked and correlated. The level of training in science, engineering and technical education, and the level of research and development at the industry level are looked at as the greatest innovation enablers in building that will drive forward labour productivity. The size of the domestic market and the level of security are the worst innovation barriers that lead to low productivity in the building industry in Uganda. Contractors, policy makers and the government should address the identified factors in order to improve productivity.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Fibroblast phenotypes and their activity are changed in the wound healing process after lung transplantation.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117 .- 1053-2498. ; 30, s. 945-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation (LTx) is established as a life-saving treatment in end-stage lung disease. However, long-term survival is hampered by the development of chronic rejection, almost synonymous with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The rejection is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix in small airways. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix molecules such as proteoglycans. This study compared fibroblast phenotype and activity in the wound healing process at different points after LTx in patients who later did, or did not, develop BOS. METHODS: Distally derived fibroblasts from patients 6 and 12 months after LTx and from healthy controls were analyzed for production of the proteoglycans versican, perlecan, biglycan, and decorin, with and without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1). Fibroblast migration and proliferation were also studied. RESULTS: At 6 and 12 months after LTx, versican production was higher in fibroblasts from LTx patients (p < 0.01 p < 0.01) than from controls. Fibroblasts from patients who later developed BOS were more responsive to TGF-β(1)-induced synthesis of versican and biglycan than patients without signs of rejection (p < 0.05). Production of perlecan and decorin was negatively correlated with fibroblast proliferation in fibroblasts at 6 months after LTx. In a more detailed case study of 2 patients, one with and one without BOS, the altered proteoglycan profile was associated with impaired lung function. CONCLUSIONS: LTx changes the phenotype of fibroblasts to a non-proliferative but extracellular matrix-producing cell due to wound healing involving TGF-β(1). If not controlled, this may lead to development of BOS.
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| 4. |
- Barrett, James, 1969-
(författare)
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The Ergodic revisited : spatiality as a governing principle of digital literature
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines the role of the spatial in four works of digital interactive literature. These works are Dreamaphage by Jason Nelson (2003), Last Meal Requested by Sachiko Hayashi (2003), Façade by Michael Mateas and Andrew Stern (2005) and Egypt: The Book of Going Forth by Day by M. D. Coverley (2006). The study employs an original analytical method based on close reading and spatial analysis, which combines narrative, design and interaction theories. The resulting critique argues that the spatial components of the digital works define reader interaction and the narratives that result from it. This is one of very few in-depth studies grounded in the close reading of the spatial in digital interactive literature.Over five chapters, the dissertation analyzes the four digital works according to three common areas. Firstly, the prefaces, design and addressivity are present in each. Secondly, each of the works relies on the spatial for both interaction and the meanings that result. Thirdly, the anticipation of responses from a reader is evaluated within the interactive properties of each work. This anticipation is coordinated across the written text, moving and still images, representations of places, characters, audio and navigable spaces. The similar divisions of form, the role of the spatial and the anticipation of responses provide the basic structure for analysis. As a result, the analytical chapters open with an investigation of the prefaces, move on to the design and conclude with how the spaces of the digital works can be addressive or anticipate responses. In each chapter representations of space and representational space are described in relation to the influence they have upon the potentials for reader interaction as spatial practice. This interaction includes interpretation, as well as those elements associated with the ergodic, or the effort that defines the reception of the digital interactive texts.The opening chapter sets out the relevant theory related to space, interaction and narrative in digital literature. Chapter two presents the methodology for close reading the spatial components of the digital texts in relation to their role in interaction and narrative development. Chapter three assesses the prefaces as paratextual thresholds to the digital works and how they set up the spaces for reader engagement. The next chapter takes up the design of the digital works and its part in the formation of space and how this controls interaction. The fifth chapter looks at the addressivity of the spatial and how it contributes to the possibilities for interaction and narrative. The dissertation argues for the dominance of the spatial as a factor within the formation of narrative through interaction in digital literature, with implications across contemporary storytelling and narrative theory.
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| 5. |
- Benford, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Storytelling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children
- 2000. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the iterative design of two collaborative storytelling technologies for young children, KidPad and the Klump. We focus on the idea of designing interfaces to subtly encourage collaboration so that children are invited to discover the added benefits of working together. This idea has been motivated by our experiences of using early versions of our technologies in schools in Sweden and the UK. We compare the approach of encouraging collaboration with other approaches to synchronizing shared interfaces. We describe how we have revised the technologies to encourage collaboration and to reflect design suggestions made by the children themselves.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bertelsen, Niels Haldor, et al.
(författare)
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National and International Benchmarking - CREDIT Report 6
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the work undertaken in the CREDIT project and proposals for how to implement the CREDIT framework. It is the final part of the Nordic/Baltic project CREDIT: Construction and Real Estate – Developing Indicators for Transparency. The report presents the objectives and the research model for CREDIT followed by a summary of the results of CREDIT Reports 2, 3, 4 and 5. The conclusive part of the report presents national recommendations of how to implement the CREDIT framework in the Nordic/Baltic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Estonia and Lithuania.
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| 8. |
- Bullock, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Designing interactive collaborative environments
- 2001. - 2
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Ingår i: Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Places and Spaces for Interaction. - : Springer. - 1852332441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe our experiences of creating and using a wide variety of techniques and applications to support collaboration in virtual environments for different activities and user groups. Our aim is to offer plentiful and rich possibilities for interaction across and between both real and virtual environments.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Caesar, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and root causes of cancellations for elective orthopaedic procedures : a single center experience of 17,625 consecutive cases.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Patient Safety in Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-9493. ; 8:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of the Swedish public health-care system is to provide care on equal terms for all citizens. In this, as in most other systems where taxes and/or insurances pay for most of the care, normal market forces are set aside at least in part. At times, this has, for example, resulted in long waiting lists, particularly in terms of elective orthopaedic surgery, with several negative consequences, such as cancellations of planned surgery.METHODS: The main purpose of this retrospective observational single center study was to evaluate and describe the number and reasons for cancellations in elective orthopaedic surgery. Studied were all the elective patients scheduled for joint replacement, arthroscopy and foot & ankle surgery, January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011, whose procedure was cancelled at least once.RESULTS: Of all 17,625 patients scheduled for elective surgery 6,911 (39%) received at least one, some several cancellations. The most common reason for cancelling a planned surgery was different patient-related factors 3,293 (33%). Cancellations due to treatment guarantee legislation reached 2,885 (29%) and 1,181 (12%) of the cancellations were related to incomplete pre-operative preparation of the patients. Organisational reasons were the cause of approximately 869 (9%) of the cancellations.CONCLUSIONS: In this study of patients waiting for elective orthopaedic surgery 6,911(39%) had their surgical procedure cancelled at least once, some several times. It appears that it should be possible to eliminate many of these cancellations, while others are unavoidable or caused by factors outside the responsibility of the individual clinic or even hospital. One possible way of influencing the high rate of cancellations might be to change the view of the patients and involve them in the overall planning of the care process.
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| 11. |
- Caldenby, Claes, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Varför tveka om mer kunskap?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten, för Centrum för Byggnadskultur i västra Sverige.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Castor, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare costs and productivity losses associated with county-based home-care service for sick children in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 34:4, s. 1054-1062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic College of Caring Science Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the healthcare costs and productivity losses associated with county-based home-care services (HCS) for sick children. Methods: In this observational follow-up study, a combination of hospital care and HCS was compared to estimated alternative care solely at the hospital. Data on one year of healthcare utilisation for 32 children, supplied by the hospital and HCS, were collected from administrative systems. Corresponding healthcare unit prices were collected from healthcare pricelists. The human-capital approach was applied to estimate productivity losses and the value of productivity losses for 25 parents. Family characteristics, including parental work absenteeism and income, were collected by a questionnaire distributed to parents at five time points during a year. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used for analysis and carried out with ethical approval. Results: Healthcare costs for children receiving a combination of hospital care and HCS varied among children with estimated average healthcare cost savings of SEK 50101 per child compared to the alternative of care provided only in the hospital. The reduced costs were related to children receiving nonpalliative HCS care tasks. Average annual productivity losses due to parental work absenteeism were estimated at 348hours with an associated monetary value estimated at SEK 137524 per parent. Conclusion: County-based HCS, provided as complement to and substitute for hospital care for ill children, does not increase healthcare cost and should be a prioritized area when organising paediatric health care. Productivity losses vary greatly among parents and are pronounced also when children receive HCS with signs of gender-related differences.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Nano-Sized MR Contrast Agent Mediates Strong Tumor Contrast Enhancement in an Oncogene-Driven Breast Cancer Model.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was carried out to test the potential of a new nanomaterial (Spago Pix) as a macromolecular magnetic MR contrast agent for tumor detection and to verify the presence of nanomaterial in tumor tissue. Spago Pix, synthesized by Spago Nanomedical AB, is a nanomaterial with a globular shape, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 5 nm, and a relaxivity (r1) of approximately 30 (mM Mn)-1 s-1 (60 MHz). The material consists of an organophosphosilane hydrogel with strongly chelated manganese (II) ions and a covalently attached PEG surface layer. In vivo MRI of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model was performed on a 3 T clinical scanner. Tissues were thereafter analyzed for manganese and silicon content using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The presence of nanomaterial in tumor and muscle tissue was assessed using an anti-PEG monoclonal antibody. MR imaging of tumor-bearing mice (n = 7) showed a contrast enhancement factor of 1.8 (tumor versus muscle) at 30 minutes post-administration. Contrast was retained and further increased 2-4 hours after administration. ICP-AES and immunohistochemistry confirmed selective accumulation of nanomaterial in tumor tissue. A blood pharmacokinetics analysis showed that the concentration of Spago Pix gradually decreased over the first hour, which was in good agreement with the time frame in which the accumulation in tumor occurred. In summary, we demonstrate that Spago Pix selectively enhances MR tumor contrast in a clinically relevant animal model. Based on the generally higher vascular leakiness in malignant compared to benign tissue lesions, Spago Pix has the potential to significantly improve cancer diagnosis and characterization by MRI.
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| 14. |
- Festari, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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European consensus for the diagnosis of MCI and mild dementia : Preparatory phase
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:5, s. 1729-1741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Etiological diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders of middle-old age relies on biomarkers, although evidence for their rational use is incomplete. A European task force is defining a diagnostic workflow where expert experience fills evidence gaps for biomarker validity and prioritization. We report methodology and preliminary results. Methods: Using a Delphi consensus method supported by a systematic literature review, 22 delegates from 11 relevant scientific societies defined workflow assumptions. Results: We extracted diagnostic accuracy figures from literature on the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of main forms of neurocognitive disorders. Supported by this evidence, panelists defined clinical setting (specialist outpatient service), application stage (MCI-mild dementia), and detailed pre-assessment screening (clinical-neuropsychological evaluations, brain imaging, and blood tests). Discussion: The Delphi consensus on these assumptions set the stage for the development of the first pan-European workflow for biomarkers’ use in the etiological diagnosis of middle-old age neurocognitive disorders at MCI-mild dementia stages. Highlights: Rational use of biomarkers in neurocognitive disorders lacks consensus in Europe. A consensus of experts will define a workflow for the rational use of biomarkers. The diagnostic workflow will be patient-centered and based on clinical presentation. The workflow will be updated as new evidence accrues.
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| 15. |
- Forsman, Anna K, et al.
(författare)
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Research priorities for public mental health in Europe: recommendations of the ROAMER project.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:2, s. 249-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ROAdmap for MEntal health Research in Europe project aimed to create an integrated European roadmap for mental health research. Leading mental health research experts across Europe have formulated consensus-based recommendations for future research within the public mental health field.
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| 16. |
- Frisoni, Giovanni B., et al.
(författare)
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European intersocietal recommendations for the biomarker-based diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 23:3, s. 302-312
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent commercialisation of the first disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease emphasises the need for consensus recommendations on the rational use of biomarkers to diagnose people with suspected neurocognitive disorders in memory clinics. Most available recommendations and guidelines are either disease-centred or biomarker-centred. A European multidisciplinary taskforce consisting of 22 experts from 11 European scientific societies set out to define the first patient-centred diagnostic workflow that aims to prioritise testing for available biomarkers in individuals attending memory clinics. After an extensive literature review, we used a Delphi consensus procedure to identify 11 clinical syndromes, based on clinical history and examination, neuropsychology, blood tests, structural imaging, and, in some cases, EEG. We recommend first-line and, if needed, second-line testing for biomarkers according to the patient's clinical profile and the results of previous biomarker findings. This diagnostic workflow will promote consistency in the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders across European countries.
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| 17. |
- Gusarova, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an endogenous inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase that modulates lipid levels, coronary atherosclerosis risk, and nutrient partitioning. We hypothesize that loss of ANGPTL4 function might improve glucose homeostasis and decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigate protein-altering variants in ANGPTL4 among 58,124 participants in the DiscovEHR human genetics study, with follow-up studies in 82,766 T2D cases and 498,761 controls. Carriers of p.E40K, a variant that abolishes ANGPTL4 ability to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, have lower odds of T2D (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.92, p = 6.3 × 10-10), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D.
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| 18. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Bra kontakter kan bli bättre : Utvärdering av kontakter mellan brukare, handläggare och politiker inom miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet i Hallands län och Borås stad
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att få återkoppling från de som berörs av miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsyn och rådgivning, det vill säga brukarna, är viktigt i det ständiga förbättringsarbetet. Denna studie ”Bra kontakter kan bli bättre” handlar därför om hur mötet mellan myndighet (handläggare och nämndledamöter) och brukare kan utvärderas på bästa sätt. Studien fokuserar på miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsynen av två olika grupper av brukare: verksamhetsutövare med enskilda avlopp (som ofta är privata fastighetsägare) och verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedel (som ofta är företagare), i Hallands län samt i Borås stad.Studien tog utgångspunkt i metoden grundad teori där resultatet tas fram och valideras i en process där framväxande faktorer testas i datamaterialet, för att sedan modifieras och testas igen. I denna studie innebar detta en analys av fritextsvar från över 500 tidigare utskickade enkäter, gruppintervjuer med totalt 17 tjänstemän och närmare 30 nämndledamöter samt 23 intervjuer med brukare varav 8 innebar längre samtal vid platsbesök. Analysarbetet fortgick tills faktorerna var kompletta och mättnad uppstod, dvs. inga nya aspekter som ändrade faktorerna kom fram.Av analyserna framgår att brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter har en gemensam syn på vilka faktorer som är viktiga i miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet, även om de olika rollerna ibland leder till delvis olika tolkningar av vad dessa innebär. Brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter är överens om att brukaren har rätt Att bli rättvist behandlad med korrekt bemötande på jämlik nivå och med hänsyn tagen till omständigheterna kring den egna verksamheten. Det är också viktigt som brukare Att få stöd, men det kan vara svårt för handläggaren i sin dubbla roll som rådgivare och inspektör. Både brukare och handläggare upplevde att dialog är nyckeln till god kommunikation, ur brukarnas synpunkt uttryckt som Att bli lyssnad på. Att få kontakt och besked, gärna muntligt, under arbetets gång är centralt. Kontakt med samma handläggare ger möjlighet till Att få kontinuitet, men likartad handläggning oavsett handläggare är viktigast. De avgifter som brukarna betalar för miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsynen upplevdes ibland, av både brukare och handläggare, som svårmotiverade. Upplevelsen Att få valuta för pengarna kan ökas med ökad samsyn av vad miljö- och hälsoskyddstillsyn innebär.Resultatet gav också en bild av vad brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter efterfrågar av utvärderingar kopplade till miljö- och hälsoskyddskontorens arbete. Brukarnas motiv är möjligheten att få uttrycka en åsikt och påverka tillsynsarbetet. Handläggare och nämndledamöter vill kunna använda utvärderingar för att få svar på vad brukarna tycker om tillsynsarbetet och deras bemötande. De vill att resultaten från utvärderingar värderas och leder till kunskap om vad som kan förbättras så att förbättringsåtgärder sätts in där de blir som mest effektiva. En utvärdering ska ge klara svar och förhoppningsvis leda till samsyn mellan olika handläggare och nämndledamöter samt mellan olika kommuner.Resultatet som identifierades i studien handlar mycket om kommunikation och behovet av ömsesidig förståelse mellan parterna. Att arbeta för en gemensam samsyn av vad miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbete innebär skulle kunna vara en väg att ytterligare förbättra kontakterna. Svårigheter som uppstår kan bero på att brukare, handläggare och nämndledamöter har olika målbild. Utifrån vad som framkommit i studien och tidigare erfarenheter ger vi ett förslag på hur framtida utvärderingar kan utformas. Förslaget ska ses som ett diskussionsunderlag, snarare än ett färdigt förslag.- Syftet med utvärderingen och hur resultatet ska användas klargörs gemensamt av handläggare och nämndledamöter.- En övergripande enkät, där det finns möjlighet att följa arbetet över åren och att jämföra kommuner, gärna nationellt, skickas ut även i fortsättningen. Resurser läggs på att få in så många svar som möjligt och att analysera resultaten.- Mer detaljerad kunskap om brukarnas upplevelse av miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet studeras i samband med utvärdering av själva verksamheten.- I utvärdering av en riktad satsning, eller av ett delområde inom den löpande verksamheten, utifrån de kriterier som respektive kommun använder, t.ex. nyckeltal för miljönytta eller kvalitetsmätningar, bör utvärdering av brukarnas upplevelse ingå och belysas av handläggare och nämndledamöter.- Utvärderingen bör göras av utredare utanför miljö- och hälsoskyddskontoren med kunskap om utvärderingar, t.ex. av kommunens utredningsavdelning eller av en fristående konsult.- Resultatet av utvärderingen, dvs. utvärdering av verksamhet där även brukare, handläggare och nämnledamöters synpunkter synliggörs, återkopplas till brukare som har ärenden inom det studerade ärendeområdet.- Utvärderingen ger nämndledamöter ökad kunskap om verksamheten och om hur brukare och handläggare uppfattar den.- Utvärderingen ger handläggare återkoppling på sitt arbete och en bas för det fortsatta förbättringsarbetet.- Utvärderingen ger brukarna möjlighet att se hur deras perspektiv beaktas och öka sin förståelse för miljö- och hälsoskyddsarbetet.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hansson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Byggprocessforum för en effektivare process
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Construction Process Forum was initiated by the Construction Council. The Construction Council is an organisation which supports cooperation between universities and the construction industry. The Construction Process Forum was formed through that chosen key persons were asked to come up with suggestions on how to create a more effective construction process plus how to improve the image of construction. The aim was also to increase the awareness among the participants of Construction Process Forum. This report narrates the result of one years work within the Construction Process Forum. The focus of this first year was the construction site and the changes needed of the construction process to create better conditions for the construction site. The Construction Process Forum ended with the formulation of a plan of action for the development of construction.
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| 24. |
- Hansson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Project Assessments in Construction and Real Estate - Analysing management of end-user needs and ensuring performance in the building life cycle. CREDIT Report 4
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report a generic model for the capture and assessment of end-user requirements and needs, the CREDIT carpenter model, has been developed. The main determinants of the model is the need for the project organisation (including the facilities management organisation) to ensure a thorough understanding of the end-user requirements and needs as well as an assessment through out the project process. The end-users and the project organisation are often working in two different value chains. This, among other things, means that they may not share a common understanding of the process. Apart from just assessing to what extent the requirements and needs has been achieved it is important to assess the process of accomplishing the desired result. This way it is possible to learn from what has worked well and what has not. There is some variation in what and how it is being assessed depending on what type of building it is. Assessments on housing are more inclined to focus on softer aspects, for example perception etc. In the other cases there are, generally, a more technical perspective. It may be an affect of how knowledgeable the users are. In regard to housing the users have possible less experience of construction and communicating their needs than in the case of offices etc. There is also a notable difference between approaches and interest on what to assess in the different countries. Sweden has a much more soft approach and an ambition of getting as many as possible to understand what is being assessed and for what reasons while Finland has a much more technical and measurable approach. The clients, naturally, play a large part in the construction process, also when it come to capturing and transferring the requirements and needs of the end-users. It is mainly the clients that initiate it. Maybe more surprisingly, they do perform a lot of the work themselves as well. Designers play an important role as do known end-users as well. During the project it is mainly the client that initiates the assessments, but the actors of the project process, designers and producers that perform it. Evaluating the degree of fulfilling the requirements and needs as well as assessing the process to enable learning is again mainly a client action both initiating and performing, the rest of the actors do not engage to any larger degree. The processes from begin of the brief to the end of construction have well developed routines as a part of the project management system. These routines are good enough to successfully fulfil the studied project and the control of the process in order to get internal efficiency in the short run perspective. But there is almost no case that shows any assessment tool that support feedback, the knowledge development and the innovation process which is important in the long-run perspective. The missing feedback is marked in the carpenter model. Found in the study there are two examples of tools that together may to some extent overrun this issue. Building Information Models have the potential of acting as an information carrier within a project, storing all types of information needed for assessing a number of different aspects. The main issue is to get the right information and presenting it in a way suitable for the target group. This is done in the case of Falk in Skanska (in Norway). It is a system gathering and presenting a multitude of KPIs, from a number of different systems, in an easy to understand layout.
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| 25. |
- Hansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental limitations of case isolation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: medRxiv. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Case isolation is a strategy with the potential to curb infectious disease epidemics. Expressions for the stability boundary of a case isolation scheme defined through the proportion of the infectious population that it isolates with a given delay have recently been established. Here we quantify how this stability boundary moves when heterogeneity of the inter-individual contact network increases, and explain the underlying mechanism through insightful examples.
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| 26. |
- Hansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Limitations of time-delayed case isolation in heterogeneous SIR models
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Control Conference. ; 2022, s. 2994-2999
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of methods to evaluate mechanical function of donated hearts in the context of transplantation imposes large precautionary margins, translating into a low utilization rate of donor organs. This has spawned research into cyber-physical models constituting artificial afterloads (arterial trees), that can serve to evaluate the contractile capacity of the donor heart. The Windkessel model is an established linear time-invariant afterload model, that researchers committed to creating a cyber-physical afterload have used as a template. With aortic volumetric flow as input and aortic pressure as output, it is not directly obvious how a Windkessel model will respond to changes in heart contractility. We transform the classic Windkessel model to relate power, rather than flow, to pressure. This alters the model into a differential-algebraic equation, albeit one that is straightforward to simulate. We then propose a power signal model, that is based on pressure and flow measurements and optimal in a Bayesian sense within the class of C2 signals. Finally, we show how the proposed signal model can be used to create relevant simulation scenarios, and use this to illustrate why it is problematic to use the Windkessel model as a basis for designing a clinically relevant artificial afterload.
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| 27. |
- Hansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation relay autotuners—analysis and implementation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Control Technologies and Applications (CCTA) 2021. ; , s. 1075-1982
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to produce models for automatic controller tuning, this paper proposes a method that combines a short experiment with a novel scheme for approximating processes using low-order time-delayed models. The method produces models aimed to tune PI and PID controllers, but they could also be used for other model-dependent controllers like MPC. The proposed method has been evaluated in simulations on benchmark processes. It has also been implemented in an industrial controller and tested experimentally on a water-tank process. It is shown that our method is successful in estimating models for a variety of processes such as lag-dominated, delay-dominated, balanced, and integrating processes. We also demonstrate that the experiment time is both shorter and more predictable than currently used autotuners.
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| 28. |
- Hansson, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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A 15-year follow-up of former self-harming inpatients in child & adolescent psychiatry - a qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 74:4, s. 273-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Self-harm is common among adolescents, and is even more frequent among psychiatric populations. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge and understanding of different aspects of life for adults who, when adolescents, had engaged in severe self-harm during inpatient stays.Material and methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were held with seven former inpatients with a history of severe self-harm during inpatient stay in their adolescence. The interviews were analysed using a qualitative method, and the results were described in the form of categories and sub-categories.Results: Five categories, with 16 sub-categories, were found to be related to the former patients' experiences of their lives. At the time of the interviews, the subjects were in their early thirties and had no ongoing self-harm. In childhood they had experienced a dysfunctional relationship with one or both of their parents, and self-harm was one of several destructive behaviours. Friendships outside the unit were difficult during adolescence. Soon after admission to the psychiatric inpatient unit, relationships with other patients became important and contributed to them wanting to stay at the unit. Meaningful relationships and being part of a social context with healthy expectations were seen as important factors for stopping self-harm at a later stage. The subjects' experiences of their life today ranged from not enjoying it to accepting their current situation.Conclusion: These findings are based on a small sample, but they indicate the importance of relationships and the social context in contributing to and then ending self-harm.
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| 29. |
- Hansson, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Issues in Child and Adolescent Inpatient Assessment and Evaluation After Discharge : Protocol for App Development and a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications. - 1929-0748. ; 7:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: New methods are needed for collecting data of in- and outpatients and for improving outpatient compliance after discharge. Mobile technologies, such as smartphone apps, have shown promising results, (eg, helping unwell people by offering support and resources). Screening for the condition, including comorbidities, is a vital part of psychiatric care. Comorbid conditions, especially in emergency evaluation, are often missed, leading to inaccurate diagnosis and treatment. One way of improving diagnostic accuracy is to use a structured diagnostic process. Digitalized screening and follow-up have the advantage of making administration and scoring easier and less time consuming, thereby increasing response rate. To address these problems, we decided to create a smartphone app called The Blue App. The Blue App was developed through 6 steps, described in the manuscript. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to describe (1) the development of The Blue App and (2) 2 planned research studies to evaluate the app. METHODS: Two studies will be performed. Study 1 has a descriptive design, mapping comorbidities before and after the introduction of The Blue App. Study 2 has a randomized controlled design, measuring compliance with outpatient treatments as well as depressive symptoms, rated as changes in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale scores during a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: We have described app development. Data collection for Study 1 started in autumn 2017. Study 2 will start in autumn 2018. We expect to have enrolled the 150 patients in Study 2 by December 2019. Final results will be published in a scientific journal. CONCLUSIONS: A technically advanced and easy-to-use Web-based mobile phone app corresponding to the unit's needs was developed, and 2 studies are planned to evaluate its usefulness. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/10121.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic targeting of KSP in preclinical models of high-risk neuroblastoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy with often dismal prognosis; relapse is common despite intense treatment. Here, we used human tumor organoids representing multiple MYCN-amplified high-risk neuroblastomas to perform a high-throughput drug screen with approved or emerging oncology drugs. Tumor-selective effects were calculated using drug sensitivity scores. Several drugs with previously unreported anti-neuroblastoma effects were identified by stringent selection criteria. ARRY-520, an inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), was among those causing reduced viability. High expression of the KSP-encoding gene KIF11 was associated with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Genome-scale loss-of-function screens in hundreds of human cancer cell lines across 22 tumor types revealed that KIF11 is particularly important for neuroblastoma cell viability. KSP inhibition in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells resulted in the formation of abnormal monoastral spindles, mitotic arrest, up-regulation of mitosis-associated genes, and apoptosis. In vivo, KSP inhibition caused regression of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma PDX tumors. Furthermore, treatment of mice harboring orthotopic neuroblastoma PDX tumors resulted in increased survival. Our results suggested that KSP inhibition could be a promising treatment strategy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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| 32. |
- Huovila, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
-
National and International Benchmarking - CREDIT Report 5.
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarizes findings and recommendations from 24 case studies from seven participating countries addressing performance indicator benchmarking at a sectoral, national or international scale. Their distribution in scope is: – benchmarking systems and indicators (4 case studies) – offices (7 case studies) – housing (6 case studies) – school and nursery (4 case studies) – shopping centres (3 case studies). In addition, actual performance benchmarking was done between six Finnish and Norwegian office buildings using CREDIT Key Performance Indicators and a web-based benchmarking tool, developed in CREDIT for that purpose. Some good benchmarking practices exist already at a national and international level. They focus on process issues, investment aspects and environmental properties. These existing schemes contribute to the CREDIT framework, but don't cover well the performance dimension. There isn't yet any commonly agreed European Key Performance Indicator system, or building and real estate performance indicator standard. CREDIT made a contribution to their development from the Nordic/Baltic perspective. It also provided valuable input from the performance and social sustainability point of view to existing economic and environmental oriented schemes that are continuously updated and amended. CREDIT made progress in performance indicator framework and actual performance indicators and tools, some of which were already tested in the case studies. Understanding on existing benchmarking schemes is also improved. The results of CREDIT WP6 performance indicator benchmarking at a sectoral, national or international scale can be exploited in number of ways, such as – the front runner companies adopt the core performance indicators in their practices and influence in forming their use a sector based practice – further development of standardization, tool development (IFCs), benchmarking schemes and rating systems makes use of the results.
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| 33. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Cerebral Amyloid-β Aggregation With Cognitive Functioning in Persons Without Dementia.
- 2018
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 84-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early event in Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the association between amyloid aggregation and cognitive manifestation in persons without dementia is important for a better understanding of the course of AD and for the design of prevention trials.To investigate whether amyloid-β aggregation is associated with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia.This cross-sectional study included 2908 participants with normal cognition and 4133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from 53 studies in the multicenter Amyloid Biomarker Study. Normal cognition was defined as having no cognitive concerns for which medical help was sought and scores within the normal range on cognitive tests. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to published criteria. Study inclusion began in 2013 and is ongoing. Data analysis was performed in January 2017.Global cognitive performance as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and episodic memory performance as assessed by a verbal word learning test. Amyloid aggregation was measured with positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and dichotomized as negative (normal) or positive (abnormal) according to study-specific cutoffs. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between amyloid aggregation and low cognitive scores (MMSE score ≤27 or memory z score≤-1.28) and to assess whether this association was moderated by age, sex, educational level, or apolipoprotein E genotype.Among 2908 persons with normal cognition (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [12.8] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory scores after age 70 years (mean difference in amyloid positive vs negative, 4% [95% CI, 0%-7%] at 72 years and 21% [95% CI, 10%-33%] at 90 years) but was not associated with low MMSE scores (mean difference, 3% [95% CI, -1% to 6%], P=.16). Among 4133 patients with MCI (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [8.5] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory (mean difference, 16% [95% CI, 12%-20%], P<.001) and low MMSE (mean difference, 14% [95% CI, 12%-17%], P<.001) scores, and this association decreased with age. Low cognitive scores had limited utility for screening of amyloid positivity in persons with normal cognition and those with MCI. In persons with normal cognition, the age-related increase in low memory score paralleled the age-related increase in amyloid positivity with an intervening period of 10 to 15 years.Although low memory scores are an early marker of amyloid positivity, their value as a screening measure for early AD among persons without dementia is limited.
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| 34. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum.
- 2022
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Ingår i: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 79:3, s. 228-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates.This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria.Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF.Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations.Among the 19097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10148 women [53.1%]) included, 10139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P=.04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P=.004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P=.18).This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Children developing type 1 diabetes before 6 years of age have increased linear growth independent of HLA genotypes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:9, s. 1623-1630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis High birthweight and increased childhood growth are risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Relative birthweight is associated with HLA genotypes that confer a high risk of diabetes. Our aims were to test whether young children prior to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes have increased: (1) birthweight or birth length standard deviation scores (SDS), (2) height development SDS, or (3) BMI SDS during first 18 months of life and whether these parameters are related to HLA genotypes or mid-parental height (MPH). Methods Birthweight, birth length, weight and height were obtained from 58 type 1 diabetes children and 155 controls matched for HLA or not in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane study. Results Birth length SDS corrected for MPH was increased in children developing diabetes compared with all (p < , 0.048) and with non-HLA- (p < , 0.050) but not with HLA-matched controls. Children developing diabetes had increased height gain at 0 to 18 months of age (p < ; 0.005). Diabetic children were significantly taller from 6 to 18 months of age when correcting for MPH compared with non-HLA-matched as well as HLA-matched controls, but BMI was not increased. Conclusions/interpretation Birth length SDS was associated with diabetes risk HLA. When corrected for MPH, children developing diabetes were taller at birth than non-HLA- but not taller than HLA-matched controls. Diabetic children had increased MPH-corrected height up to 18 months of age compared with both HLA- and non-HLA-matched controls. High-risk HLA affects prenatal growth, but other factors may explain the increased postnatal linear growth in children developing diabetes.
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes-associated HLA genotypes affect birthweight in the general population.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 48:Jul 1, s. 1484-1491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesisThe aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that HLA genotypes conferring risk of diabetes, cord blood autoantibodies, or both are associated with increased birthweight. Methods: HLA genotypes were determined in dried blood spots of cord blood from a total of 16,709 children born to healthy mothers in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study, a population-based observational clinical investigation of newborn children. Children born to mothers with diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were determined in standard radioligand binding assays. Birthweight was adjusted for gestational age and divided into quartiles. The upper quartile was defined as high relative birthweight (HrBW) and the lower quartile as low relative birthweight (LrBW). Results: Genotypes conferring risk of type 1 diabetes were strongly associated with relative birthweight (rBW) (p=0.01). The high-risk HLA-DQ2/8, DQ8/0604 and DQ8/X genotypes were associated with HrBW (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]=1.20 [1.08-1.33], p=0.0006). The HLA-DQB1*0603 allele, which is negatively associated with type 1 diabetes, was also associated with HrBW (p=0.025), confirming a previous report on DQB1*0603-linked HLA-DR13. GAD65Ab were negatively associated with HrBW (OR [95% CI]=0.72 [0.56-0.93], p=0.01). Regression analysis showed that the HLA-associated increase in rBW was independent of confounding factors. Conclusions/Interpreation: HLA genotypes may be associated with intrauterine growth independent of type 1 diabetes risk. The epidemiological observation that high birthweight is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes could possibly result from a moderating effect on intrauterine growth of HLA genotypes conferring a high risk of diabetes.
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between increased relative birthweight and infections during pregnancy in children with a high-risk diabetes HLA genotype.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 50:6, s. 1161-1169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Children with high-risk type 1 diabetes HLA genotype have increased risk of high relative birthweight (HrBW), while cord blood islet autoantibodies decrease the risk. As gestational infections may affect offspring type 1 diabetes risk, the aims were to test whether: (1) children of mothers reporting gestational infections have increased HrBW; (2) gestational infections explain islet autoantibody reduction of HrBW; and (3) gestational infections affect the association between HLA and HrBW. Subjects and methods HLA genotypes and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein 2 and insulin were determined in cord blood of children born to non-diabetic mothers in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study. Mothers reported gestational infections when the child was 2 months old. Results Fever or gastroenteritis during pregnancy was reported by 2,848/19,756 mothers (14%); 339 in more than one trimester. Children whose mothers reported infections had increased risk of HrBW (p=0.0003), particularly in the absence of cord blood islet autoantibodies (interaction between HrBW, islet autoantibodies and infections, p=0.0005). The effect on HrBW by high-risk HLA-DQ2/8 was aggravated by infections in more than one trimester (odds ratio [OR]=5.24; p=0.003) (interaction; p=0.022). When infections were reported, cord blood islet autoantibodies decreased HrBW (OR=0.34; p=0.0002). Conclusions/intrepretation This study revealed that: (1) gestational fever, gastroenteritis, or both, increased the risk of HrBW; (2) cord blood islet autoantibodies decreased the risk of HrBW only in combination with infections; and (3) infections aggravated the association between HLA-DQ2/8 and HrBW. These data suggest an interaction between HLA, gestational infections, islet autoantibodies and fetal growth.
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| 38. |
- Lernmark, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Parent responses to participation in genetic screening for diabetes risk.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - 1399-543X. ; 5:4, s. 174-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) risk in newborns has little negative emotional impact on mothers. In this study, the impact on the mother and the father was evaluated both in the general population and in families with diabetes. All parents with a newborn in Skåne, Sweden, were invited to a screening for T1DM risk in their children (the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS)). Blood was obtained at delivery from the mother and the child. When the child was 2 months old, parents gave written consent and filled out questionnaires, but were not informed about the genetic risk. Of the 10 538 invited families, 6831 (64.8%) consented and 806 (7.7%) declined participation. Five questions addressing both parents were filled out by 6676 (63.4%) mothers and 6099 (57.8%) fathers. In 146/6676 (2.2%) families, one family member had diabetes (D-families). Participation in DiPiS did not affect most parents and the majority was satisfied with the information. The majority of parents (28.9%) were reassured and only 1.1% (140/12 670) reported increased worries because of participation, compared to 2.8% of the mothers in D-families. Parents in D-families more often ascribed diabetes risk to their child as well as the risk being higher. Mothers and fathers differed in their answers on four of the five study questions, with mothers being more satisfied with the information, reporting more knowledge of diabetes, estimating lower risk of their child to get diabetes, but reporting more worries of possible future chronic disease in the child. Parents with lower education, being born abroad, or being younger who reported worries of chronic disease in the child were also reassured by participation in the study. These results confirm that screening for T1DM risk in newborns does not create worries in most parents, but stress that fathers differ from mothers in opinions and reactions, that parents' reactions are affected by diabetes in the family, and that demographic factors might be important for the parents' reports.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lundahl, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Youth politics and local constructions of youth
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sociology of Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-5692 .- 1465-3346. ; 25:2, s. 161-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 1990s, temporary youth projects became a common approach to handling youth unemployment and the social integration of young people in Sweden. In a longitudinal, qualitative study, 35 unemployed men and women, attending local youth projects in three Swedish municipalities, were followed over a two-year period. The selected contexts represented a wide variety of socio-economic, demographic and geographic characteristics. Central questions concerned the significance of the locality in constructing young people and youth politics, the functions of youth projects for young people, and how youth policy translates in practice. It was concluded that despite striking similarities in project description and organisation, their actual functions differed, both vis-à-vis the individuals and the municipalities involved. The youth projects studied here served as a social distributive apparatus, as a labour market measure, and as a space for leisure and waiting, respectively. Local youth projects tend to stress the responsibilities of a self-governing individual on the one hand, but to reproduce local structures and inequalities on the other. They both realise locally recontextualised national policies and locally formulated policies.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 43. |
- Lundh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Model optimization for autotuners in industrial control systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - 9781728129891 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic tuning of PID controllers using relay feedback experiments has received attention on and off since it was first proposed and industrially implemented in a control system in the 1980s. While optimal experiment design and modern system identification easily outperform the original automatic tuner, they rely on computational resources that are not always available in industrial control systems. Here we present a combination of experiment and subsequent output-error identification of continuoustime first-order time-delayed (FOTD) system models, that requires very little in terms of computations and memory. The method has been extensively evaluated in simulation, and a prototype has been implemented for the ABB AC 800M controller family.
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| 44. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in amyloid beta positive subjects across the spectrum of Alzheimers disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:7, s. 913-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimers disease (AD), but its prevalence is unclear because earlier studies did not require biomarker evidence of amyloid beta(A beta) pathology. Methods: We included 3451 A beta+ subjects (853 AD-type dementia, 1810 mild cognitive impairment, and 788 cognitively normal). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess APOE epsilon 4 prevalence in relation to age, sex, education, and geographical location. Results: The APOE epsilon 4 prevalence was 66% in AD-type dementia, 64% in mild cognitive impairment, and 51% in cognitively normal, and it decreased with advancing age in A beta+ cognitively normal and A beta+ mild cognitive impairment (P amp;lt;.05) but not in A beta+ AD dementia (P =.66). The prevalence was highest in Northern Europe but did not vary by sex or education. Discussion: The APOE E4 prevalence in AD was higher than that in previous studies, which did not require presence of A beta pathology. Furthermore, our results highlight disease heterogeneity related to age and geographical location. (C) 2018 the Alzheimers Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in amyloid β positive subjects across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:7, s. 913-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its prevalence is unclear because earlier studies did not require biomarker evidence of amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. Methods: We included 3451 Aβ+ subjects (853 AD-type dementia, 1810 mild cognitive impairment, and 788 cognitively normal). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess APOE ε4 prevalence in relation to age, sex, education, and geographical location. Results: The APOE ε4 prevalence was 66% in AD-type dementia, 64% in mild cognitive impairment, and 51% in cognitively normal, and it decreased with advancing age in Aβ+ cognitively normal and Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment (P <.05) but not in Aβ+ AD dementia (P =.66). The prevalence was highest in Northern Europe but did not vary by sex or education. Discussion: The APOE ε4 prevalence in AD was higher than that in previous studies, which did not require presence of Aβ pathology. Furthermore, our results highlight disease heterogeneity related to age and geographical location.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Olander, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity comparisons, are they possible or even desirable?
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - Salford : University of Salford. ; , s. 58-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased productivity is of societal good and efforts to achieve this should be a relevant task for all businesses. However, the concept of productivity is not clear as to what is to be measured. This becomes a problem especially when statements are made that the development of productivity in the construction industry is not as good as other sectors of industry. It is not clear if this comparison is relevant or even possible to make. This study aims to address and discuss the problem surrounding productivity measurements and comparison of them and is based on literature reviews that address the problem of evaluating productivity, with special focus on construction productivity. The results show that there is no uniform measure for construction productivity that can be used. Different situation calls for different measures. There unique circumstances for various construction activities, such as housing, commercial, industrial, infrastructure etc, that makes comparison of productivity between them virtually impossible. If statements of productivity are made without the knowledge of what the measures really show or is based on, there is a risk that these lead to misleading conclusions. Every study of productivity needs to be critically scrutinised with a high degree of scepticism. Instead of trying to achieve one uniform measure of productivity a set of key performance indicators can be used instead in order to obtain more qualitative facts about the state of the construction industry.
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| 48. |
- Pemsel, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Managing end user requirements in construction projects
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 5th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organisation. ; 1, s. 44-55, s. 44-55
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The research presented is the initial part of a project with the aim of increasing the use of end-user requirement through out the construction process. This initial part maps how Swedish real estate companies manage end-user requirements and evaluate the outcome. Methodological approach The focus of the study was on methods for capturing and managing end-user requirements and for measuring their satisfaction with the outcome. The study was conducted as a desktop study using literature databases and through interviews with key personnel from 12 different companies; from housing, office and school real estate management to health care facilities management. Results The literature review showed that there are a number of different methods that could be used for parts, but that there exist no method that cover the whole process. There are different ways to combine methods for achieving an end-user focus throughout the project. The Swedish real estate companies did, in most cases, measure end-user satisfaction; not in relation to construction projects, but on a general level. Feeding back the knowledge, gained from the evaluations, into construction projects were found difficult and thereby not done. The companies were all interested in new ways of working and thought that it would improve there business. Status The paper is based on work made in the spring of 2008 this initial part of the study is almost finished and will be completely finished by the time of full paper submission. Contribution The work identifies the problems of keeping an end-user approach through the whole building cycle; from briefing to evaluating the building in use. The paper gives a collection of different methods and indicators and how these could be combined to create greater value for the end-users as well as the state of the art of work methods in practice in Sweden.
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| 49. |
- Pemsel, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Managing the needs of end-users in the design and delivery of construction projects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Facilities. - Bingley : Emerald. - 0263-2772 .- 1758-7131. ; 28:1/2, s. 17-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The two-fold purpose of this paper is identifying areas of difficulty in managing the needs of end-users in the course of the design and delivery of construction projects and suggesting possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach – The focus of the paper is the interaction between three principal parties: end-users, project leader (a selected end-user) and facility planner (a facilities professional). The context is two projects in the public sector: a university and a hospital. The end-users of both are known from the start and participate in the whole process. The paper is based on a case study comprising 12 interviews – seven end-users and five professionals. Findings – The research shows that during the project's design and delivery, communication and attitudinal problems have to be managed alongside the inherent difficulty of understanding end-users' real needs. To help in managing these issues, facility planners relied heavily on pedagogical and behavioural skills, rather than formalised methods as found in the literature. Practical implications – The findings highlight areas of difficulty for managers and planners and how these areas were handled in practice. Suggestions on how to resolve some of the areas are presented and discussed. Originality/value – Much of the research related to managing end-users focuses on how to extract value from the construction process, for instance providing greater flexibility and improved air quality. This paper concentrates on relations between parties who are central to the briefing, design and delivery process
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| 50. |
- Pigot, Harry, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of cardiac afterload dynamics from data
- 2021
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 54, s. 508-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prospect of ex vivo functional evaluation of donor hearts is considered. Particularly, the dynamics of a synthetic cardiac afterload model are compared to those of normal physiology. A method for identification of continuous-time transfer functions from sampled data is developed and verified against results from the literature. The method relies on exact gradients and Hessians obtained through automatic differentiation. This also enables straightforward sensitivity analyses. Such analyses reveal that the 4-element Windkessel model is not practically identifiable from representative data while the 3-element model underfits the data. Pressure–volume (PV) loops are therefore suggested as an alternative for comparing afterload dynamics.
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