| 1. |
- Hansson, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Child Neuropsychological Assessment With a Collaborative and Therapeutic Approach : A Preliminary Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2162-2965 .- 2162-2973. ; 5:2, s. 97-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This preliminary study explored if a collaborative and therapeutic approach (CTA) could reduce self-reported psychiatric symptoms (Beck Youth Inventories [BYI]) in children referred for neuropsychological assessment. Participants included 11 children (M-age=12.4 years) receiving CTA, 11 (M-age=12.6 years) receiving parent support, and 9 (M-age=12.3 years) remaining on a waiting list. Contrary to both comparison groups, the CTA group reported fewer psychiatric symptoms on most BYI subscales after intervention, and this decrease was sustained for the Anger and Anxiety subscales at 6-month follow-up. Findings support a potential effectiveness of CTA in the neuropsychological assessment of children in a child psychiatric setting.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Sara Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Experienced consequences of being diagnosed with ADHD as an adult - a qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 15:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite increasing knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the life span, there is still little research on adults' own experiences of being diagnosed with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to explore and describe patients' experiences and perceptions of being diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood. The study can be seen as an attempt to validate the diagnosis from a patient perspective. Methods: Twenty-one adults diagnosed with ADHD were individually interviewed. The interviews were open-ended and exploratory, analysed with a qualitative phenomenographical approach, and the results were described in categories. Results: Positive experiences were dominant, but there was a complex intra-and inter-individual variation of experiences. Descriptions focused on the diagnosis, on identity, and on life. The diagnosis was described as explaining a previously inexplicable life history, but was also questioned, both as a phenomenon and in relation to the individual (the diagnosis in focus). It was experienced as providing self-knowledge and increased value, but could also cause devaluation and concern about identity (identity in focus). It meant help to achieve a better life, but was also perceived to restrict possibilities and cause disappointment over lack of professional help. It could lead to a wish for an earlier diagnosis that could have spared suffering, as well as to a changed view of the participants' relatives (life in focus). All but one of the interviewees expressed important positive consequences of being diagnosed with ADHD. About half of them acknowledged negative aspects of being diagnosed, but none regretted going through the neuropsychiatric evaluation. Conclusions: From a patient perspective, there are major positive consequences of being diagnosed with ADHD, compared to the undiagnosed situation. Knowledge of the individual's combination of experiences is important for professionals, as these experiences can affect well-being and interfere with treatment. Negative experiences in particular might need to be addressed in the treatment work.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems are intercorrelated and dimensionally distributed in the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Open Psychiatry Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-3544. ; 2, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Autism – Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) is a comprehensive interview for evaluating problems related to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), tic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and common comorbid conditions in children and adolescents. A-TAC telephone interviews were administered to parents of 2,957 children aged nine- or twelve-years, representing one in each twin pair included in the population- based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). A total of 16.4% were screen-positive for one or several of the targeted disorder, 1.3% for ASD and 5.6% for AD/HD. All types of problems were more common among boys, with the exception of those related to “eating habits”. They were all dimensionally/continuously distributed, highly inter-correlated, and overlapped across types. They aggregated in three ba- sic factors corresponding to externalizing/disruptiveness, socio-communicative problems, and compulsiveness. Population-based data on problems in children thus challenge current categorical diagnostic definitions, calling for dimen- sional and complementary models of problem descriptions.
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| 6. |
- Asher, Itay, et al.
(författare)
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The educative and scalable functions of authoring tools to support inquiry-based science learning
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specialized authoring tools enable non-programmers to develop computer-based learning environments that reflect a particular task model. Large-scale implementation of novel but pedagogically sound environments is made possible if the resulting environments reflect the intended essential pedagogical features. We explore the balance between constraints and generativity through five teams' experiences with a specialized authoring tool, STOCHASMOS. We hope to spark a critical discussion of the role of specialized authoring tools in scalability. We also suggest that future research examine the educative function of these tools.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Study for Improving Maternal Pregnancy And Child ouTcomes (IMPACT): a study protocol for a Swedish prospective multicentre cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2044-6055. ; 10:9, s. e033851-e033851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction First-trimester pregnancy risk evaluation facilitates individualised antenatal care, as well as application of preventive strategies for pre-eclampsia or birth of a small for gestational age infant. A range of early intervention strategies in pregnancies identified as high risk at the end of the first trimester has been shown to decrease the risk of preterm pre-eclampsia (<37 gestational weeks). The aim of this project is to create the Improving Maternal Pregnancy And Child ouTcomes (IMPACT) database; a nationwide database with individual patient data, including predictors recorded at the end of the first trimester and later pregnancy outcomes, to identify women at high risk of pre-eclampsia. A second aim is to link the IMPACT database to a biobank with first-trimester blood samples. Methods and analysis This is a Swedish prospective multicentre cohort study. Women are included between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. At inclusion, pre-identified predictors are retrieved by interviews and medical examinations. Blood samples are collected and stored in a biobank. Additional predictors and pregnancy outcomes are retrieved from the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Inclusion in the study began in November 2018 with a targeted sample size of 45 000 pregnancies by end of 2021. Creation of a new risk prediction model will then be developed, validated and implemented. The database and biobank will enable future research on prediction of various pregnancy-related complications. Ethics and dissemination Confidentiality aspects such as data encryption and storage comply with the General Data Protection Regulation and with ethical committee requirements. This study has been granted national ethical approval by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Uppsala 2018-231) and national biobank approval at Uppsala Biobank (18237 2 2018 231). Results from the current as well as future studies using information from the IMPACT database will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Ylva, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the results from a Swedish pregnancy cohort using data from three automated placental growth factor immunoassay platforms intended for first-trimester preeclampsia prediction.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; :8, s. 1084-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Risk evaluation for preeclampsia in early pregnancy allows identification of women at high risk. Prediction models for preeclampsia often include circulating concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF); however, the models are usually limited to a specific PlGF method of analysis. The aim of this study was to compare three different PlGF methods of analysis in a Swedish cohort to assess their convergent validity and appropriateness for use in preeclampsia risk prediction models in the first trimester of pregnancy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: First-trimester blood samples were collected in gestational week 11+0 to 13+6 from 150 pregnant women at Uppsala University Hospital during November 2018 until November 2020. These samples were analyzed using the different PlGF methods from Perkin Elmer, Roche Diagnostics, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.RESULTS: There were strong correlations between the PlGF results obtained with the three methods, but the slopes of the correlations clearly differed from 1.0: PlGFPerkinElmer = 0.553 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.518-0.588) * PlGFRoche -1.112 (95% CI -2.773 to 0.550); r = 0.966, mean difference -24.6 (95% CI -26.4 to -22.8). PlGFPerkinElmer = 0.673 (95% CI 0.618-0.729) * PlGFThermoFisher -0.199 (95% CI -2.292 to 1.894); r = 0.945, mean difference -13.8 (95% CI -15.1 to -12.6). PlGFRoche = 1.809 (95% CI 1.694-1.923) * PlGFPerkinElmer +2.010 (95% CI -0.877 to 4.897); r = 0.966, mean difference 24.6 (95% CI 22.8-26.4). PlGFRoche = 1.237 (95% CI 1.113-1.361) * PlGFThermoFisher +0.840 (95% CI -3.684 to 5.363); r = 0.937, mean difference 10.8 (95% CI 9.4-12.1). PlGFThermoFisher = 1.485 (95% CI 1.363-1.607) * PlGFPerkinElmer +0.296 (95% CI -2.784 to 3.375); r = 0.945, mean difference 13.8 (95% CI 12.6-15.1). PlGFThermoFisher = 0.808 (95% CI 0.726-0.891) * PlGFRoche -0.679 (95% CI -4.456 to 3.099); r = 0.937, mean difference -10.8 (95% CI -12.1 to -9.4).CONCLUSION: The three PlGF methods have different calibrations. This is most likely due to the lack of an internationally accepted reference material for PlGF. Despite different calibrations, the Deming regression analysis indicated good agreement between the three methods, which suggests that results from one method may be converted to the others and hence used in first-trimester prediction models for preeclampsia.
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| 9. |
- Cedervall, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Species-specific in vivo engraftment of the human BL melanoma cell line results in an invasive dedifferentiated phenotype not present in xenografts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 69:9, s. 3746-3754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For clinically relevant studies on melanoma progression and invasiveness, in vivo experimental systems with a human cellular microenvironment would be advantageous. We have compared tumor formation from a human cutaneous malignant melanoma cell line (BL), after injection as conventional xenografts in the mouse, or when injected into a predominantly species-specific environment of human embryonic stem cell-derived teratoma induced in the mouse (the hEST model). The resulting melanoma histology was generally analogous, both systems showing delimited densely packed areas with pleomorphic cells of malignant appearance. A specificity of the integration process into the human embryonic teratoma tissues was indicated by the melanoma exclusively being found in areas compatible with condensed mesenchyme, similar to neural crest development. Here, also enhanced neovascularization was seen within the human mesenchymal tissues facing the BL melanoma growth. Furthermore, in the hEST model an additional melanoma cell phenotype occurred, located at the border of, or infiltrating into, the surrounding human loose mesenchymal fibrous stroma. This BL population had a desmoplastic spindle-like appearance, with markers indicative of dedifferentiation and migration. The appearance of this apparently more aggressive phenotype, as well as the induction of human angiogenesis, shows specific interactions with the human embryonic microenvironment in the hEST model. In conclusion, these data provide exciting options for using the hEST model in molecular in vivo studies on differentiation, invasiveness, and malignancy of human melanoma, while analyzing species-specific reactions in vivo.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Playful learning about light and shadow : a learning study project in early childhood education
- 2016
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Ingår i: Creative Education. - 2151-4755 .- 2151-4771. ; 7:2, s. 333-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the project was to explore how a learning study (LS) based on variation theory could support the development of playful physics learning in early childhood education. The study explored what patterns of variation used during a three-cycle LS challenged and developed children’s ways of discerning why a shadow occurred. The empirical material comprised a screening (n = 7), three video-documented interventions, and 78 individual pre- and post-test interviews (n = 39) at 4 - 5 years old. Three somewhat different patterns of variation were implemented within a playful frame in the three groups. The results indicate low and non/significant improvements in cycle A, somewhat higher and significant improvements in cycle B, and substantially higher and significant improvements in cycle C. The study indicates a promising ability to combine a playful approach with the variation theory perspective to stimulate children’s understanding of a quite advanced scientific phenomenon. The careful process of identifying potential critical aspects, the awareness of the relationship between the whole and its parts, and the concretization of simultaneity are discussed as key aspects of these findings.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Playful learning about light and shadow : a learning study project in early childhood education
- 2016
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Ingår i: Creative Education. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2151-4755 .- 2151-4771. ; 7:2, s. 333-348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the project was to explore how a learning study (LS) based on variation theory could support the development of playful physics learning in early childhood education. The study explored what patterns of variation used during a three-cycle LS challenged and developed children’s ways of discerning why a shadow occurred. The empirical material comprised a screening (n = 7), three video-documented interventions, and 78 individual pre- and post-test interviews (n = 39) at 4 - 5 years old. Three somewhat different patterns of variation were implemented within a playful frame in the three groups. The results indicate low and non/significant improvements in cycle A, somewhat higher and significant improvements in cycle B, and substantially higher and significant improvements in cycle C. The study indicates a promising ability to combine a playful approach with the variation theory perspective to stimulate children’s understanding of a quite advanced scientific phenomenon. The careful process of identifying potential critical aspects, the awareness of the relationship between the whole and its parts, and the concretization of simultaneity are discussed as key aspects of these findings.
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| 12. |
- Hall, Kirsten Sundby, et al.
(författare)
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Adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk soft tissue sarcoma patients defined by biological risk factors-A Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study (SSG XX)
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 99, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the outcome following adjuvant doxorubicin and ifosfamide in a prospective non-randomised study based on a soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patient subgroup defined by specific morphological characteristics previously shown to be at a high-risk of metastatic relapse. The expected 5-year cumulative incidence of metastases in patients with this risk profile has previously been reported to be about 50% without adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: High-risk STS was defined as high-grade morphology (according to the Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer [FNCLCC] grade II-III) and either vascular invasion or at least two of the following criteria: tumour size >= 8.0 cm, infiltrative growth and necrosis. Six cycles of doxorubicin (60 mg/m(2)) and ifosfamide (6 g/m(2)) were given. Postoperative accelerated radiotherapy was applied and scheduled between cycles 3 and 4.Results: For the 150 eligible patients, median follow-up time for metastases-free survival was 3.9 years (range 0.2-8.7). Five-year metastases-free survival (MFS) was 70.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.1-78.4) with a local recurrence rate of 14.0% (95% CI: 7.8-20.2). For overall survival (OS), the median follow-up time was 4.4 years (range: 0.2-8.7). The five-year OS was 76.1% (95% CI: 68.8-84.2). Tumour size, deep location and reduced dose intensity (<80%) had a negative impact on survival. Toxicity was moderate with no treatment-related death.Conclusions: A benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, compared to similar historical control groups, was demonstrated in STS patients with defined poor prognostic factors. Vascular invasion, tumour size, growth pattern and necrosis may identify patients in need of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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| 13. |
- Hallgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic estrogen directly affects fish biomass and may indirectly disrupt aquatic food webs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268. ; 33:4, s. 930-936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are known to alter the fitness of individual organisms via changes in growth, behavior, and reproduction. It is largely unknown, however, whether these effects cascade through the food web and indirectly affect other, less sensitive organisms. The authors present results from a mesocosm experiment whereby the effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were quantified in pelagic communities. Treatment with EE2 at a concentration of 28 ng/L had no large effects on the pelagic communities composed only of phytoplankton and zooplankton. In communities where planktivorous roach (Rutilus rutilus) were also present, however, EE2 caused a significant reduction in fish biomass. Moreover, zooplankton biomass was higher in the EE2 treatments, suggesting that zooplankton may have been released from fish predation. Hence, the direct effect of EE2 on roach may have cascaded down the food web to produce positive indirect effects on zooplankton. This result was supported in complementary foraging experiments with roach, showing reduced foraging performance after exposure to EE2. Despite the observed negative effect of EE2 on roach and the positive indirect effect on zooplankton, these effects did not cascade to phytoplankton, possibly because only copepods, but not cladocerans—the major grazers in these systems—were released from fish predation. The authors conclude that the known reproductive impairment in fish by EE2 in combination with the disturbed foraging performance observed in the present study may be a disadvantage to fish that may result in increasing abundance or biomass of prey such as zooplankton. Hence, EE2 may have consequences for both the structure and function of freshwater communities.
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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LEVA mellersta Halland – utveckling av åtgärdssamordning för jordbruket i Falkenbergs, Halmstads och Varbergs kommuner
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningSom ett led i att minska övergödningen av sjöar, vattendrag och havsmiljön har Havs- och vattenmyndigheten på uppdrag av regeringen initierat projektet ”LEVA - Lokalt engagemang för vatten” som fördelas över 20 olika pilotprojekt inom vattenvårdsarbetet i Sverige. Ett av dessa pilotprojekt (LEVA mellersta Halland – utveckling av åtgärdssamordning för jordbruket i Falkenbergs, Halmstads och Varbergs kommuner) redovisas här och är ett samverkansprojekt mellan Falkenbergs, Halmstads och Varbergs kommuner, Högskolan i Halmstad och LRF Halland.Baserat på tidigare erfarenhet av vattenvårdsarbete på landsbygden har fokus för projektet varit att utreda hur nya arbetssätt via åtgärdssamordning kan stimulera till fler åtgärder inom jordbruket för att minska näringsläckage till sjöar och vattendrag. Åtgärdssamordnare anställdes inom projektet med förhoppning om att de skulle kunna fylla en funktion som saknats inom vattenvårdsarbetet. En funktion som innebar att knyta samman markägarnas möjligheter till och behov av åtgärder på sin marker med myndigheternas mål om att uppnå god ekologisk status för vattendragen genom att bedriva myndighetsarbete och tillsyn. Syftet med projektet har varit att identifiera hur åtgärdsplanering kan stärkas och vad som behövs för att fler åtgärder ska kunna genomföras. Utefter åtgärdssamordnarnas arbete har processer och arbetsmetoder dokumenteras och analyserats i ett följeforskningsprojekt med mål att identifiera framgångsfaktorer för ett effektivt åtgärdsarbete. Vidare har mål för projektet varit att utveckla en ökad förståelse för ett framgångsrikt åtgärdsarbete för att motverka övergödning, ge nya kunskapsunderlag för politik och förvaltning, förstärka samverkan om havs- och vattenmiljö, öka kunskapen om övergödningsproblematik och kostnadseffektiva åtgärder bland markägare samt höja kompetensen hos projektets deltagare och intressenter om vattenfrågornas betydelse för en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling. Projektet sammanfattar praktiska erfarenheter av åtgärdssamordning, markägarnas upplevelse av vattenvårdsarbete samt projektdeltagarnas upplevelser av projektets utveckling genom flera olika delstudier. Dessa inbegriper rapportering av projektets struktur, olika aktiviteter som åtgärdssamordnarna genomfört, provtagning inom pilotområdena, enkätstudier samt intervjustudier med markägare och projektdeltagare. Åtgärdssamordnarnas arbete och rapporteringar under projektets gång samt de delstudier som genomförts inom följeforskningen har gett en samlad och utvecklad bild av hur vattenvårdsarbetet och dess samordning kan stärkas så att fler åtgärder kan genomföras. Utefter detta har framgångsfaktorer för ett effektivt åtgärdsarbete tagits fram. Framgångsfaktorerna fokuserar på den organisatoriska nivån av åtgärdssamordningen med målsättning att vara applicerbara för åtgärdsarbete inom olika typer av avrinningsområden med olika fokus och förutsättningar. Totalt har sex framgångsfaktorer identifierats och delats in i tre kategorier som belyser och nyanserar vikten av organisering av åtgärdssamordning (Åtgärdssamordning i team och Tydliggörande av roller och strukturer), stöd för åtgärdssamordning (Samverkan med andra aktörer och grupper samt Nätverk mellan åtgärdssamordnare) och genomförande av åtgärdssamordning (Samordning från idé till åtgärd och Behovsanpassat arbetssätt). Utefter framgångsfaktorerna och den omfattande erfarenhetsgenerering och kunskapsinsamling som föregått dessa, visar projektet att fortsatt utveckling av ett lyckat vattenvårdsarbete genom åtgärdssamordning främst bör fokusera på att: Skapa långsiktighet i vattenvårdsarbetetInförandet av åtgärdssamordnare kan säkerställa en kontinuitet inom vattenvårdsarbetet som saknas när de flesta projekt drivs med hjälp av konsulter, Kan åtgärdssamordnarna dessutom arbeta i team och/eller i nätverk med andra åtgärdssamordnare skapas en mer robust organisation som bibehåller kunskaperna och möjliggör utveckling av rollen. Genom åtgärdssamordnare som arbetar långsiktigt med överbryggande frågor byggs nya former av kompetenser upp som gränsar både till expertisen hos konsulterna och myndighetsuppdraget hos tjänstemännen. Främja ett flexibelt arbetssättAtt fortsatt låta åtgärdssamordnarrollen vara fri från myndighetsutövning, även om den kan vara kopplad till myndigheten, säkerställer att det framgångsrika, behovsanpassade arbetssättet bibehålls. Detta arbetssätt tillåter åtgärdssamordnarna att arbeta motiverande, ge praktisk hjälp med ansökningar och åtgärder samt att vara en mer neutral länk mellan myndighet och markägare, något som undanröjer flera hinder i vattenvårdsarbetet så att åtgärder kan genomföras. Underlätta organisationsstrukturen för åtgärdssamordningVid en långsiktig planering av åtgärdssamordningen är det gynnsamt för de organisationer där åtgärdssamordningen ska vara placerad att erhålla förslag på ramar för en organisationsstruktur som kan underlätta arbetet, särskilt gällande praktiska frågor kring anställning och ansvarsfördelning, Det är viktigt för åtgärdssamordnarnas trygghet och legitimitet att det finns en ytterst ansvarig samt en tydlig uppdragsgivare och uppdragsbeskrivning. Det öppna förhållningssättet kring åtgärdssamordningen som LEVA-projektet haft i denna satsning ger en värdefull lokalförankring men skapar också behov hos åtgärdssamordnarna av att ha en samlad kompetens- eller referensgrupp som stöd i sitt arbete för att redan initialt ha tillgång till ett lokalt nätverk för de aktuella frågorna. Bilda nätverk för åtgärdssamordning och etablera en kunskapsbankÅtgärdssamordnarnas arbete kan underlättas genom att etablera nätverksstrukturer för informationssamling och kontaktskapande. En interaktiv plattform som utgör både kunskapsbank och möjliggör möten skulle kunna bidra till att erfarenheter och arbetssätt lättare sprids mellan åtgärdssamordnare och att de kontinuerligt dokumenteras. En sådan plattform skulle också kunna tillgängliggöras för markägare som på så sätt lättare skulle få tillgång till kunskap och kontakt med åtgärdssamordnarna. Ett sådant nätverk kan även underlätta för nya åtgärdssamordnare, användas för gemensamma utbildningsinsatser och informationsspridning samt ge en samlad bild av det svenska åtgärdsarbetet för vatten i en internationell kontext.
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| 15. |
- Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cyanobacterial chemical warfare alters zooplankton commuinty composition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 52:7, s. 1290-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1) Toxic algal blooms widely affect our use of water resources both with respect to drinking water and recreation. However, it is not only humans, but also organisms living in freshwater and marine ecosystems, that may be affected by algal toxins. 2) In order to assess if cyanobacterial toxins affect the composition of natural zooplankton communities, we quantified the temporal fluctuations in microcystin concentration and zooplankton community composition in six lakes. 3) Microcystin concentrations generally showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in early summer and in autumn, and total zooplankton biomass was negatively correlated with microcystin concentrations. Separating the zooplankton assemblages into finer taxonomic groups revealed that high microcystin concentrations were negatively correlated with Daphnia and calanoid copepods, but positively correlated with small, relatively inefficient phytoplankton feeders such as cyclopoid copepods, Bosmina and rotifers. 4) In a complementary, mechanistic laboratory experiment using the natural phytoplankton communities from the six lakes, we showed that changes in in situ levels of microcystin were coupled with reduced adult size and diminished juvenile biomass in Daphnia. 5) We argue that in eutrophic lakes, large unselective herbivores, such as Daphnia, are ”sandwiched” between high fish predation and toxic food (cyanobacteria). In combination, these two mechanisms may explain why the zooplankton community in eutrophic lakes is generally comprised of small forms (e.g. rotifers and Bosmina) and selective raptorial feeders, such as cyclopoid copepods, whereas large, unselective herbivores, such as Daphnia, are rare. Hence, this cyanobacterial chemical warfare against herbivores may add to our knowledge on population and community dynamics among zooplankton in eutrophic systems.
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Lina S., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Pointing out sickness : Detection of sickness from gait patterns
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 98, s. 21-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The ability to detect sick individuals is crucial for survival, by allowing avoidance of contagion. We have shown that humans can detect sick individuals from facial cues and body odors, but perception of these cues requires close proximity to the infectious person. Given that gait patterns can be detected from a distance and are altered during sickness, it would be beneficial to detect sickness from biological motion. Methods: We collected videos and point-light displays of walking individuals who were either made sick experimentally with an injection of lipopolysaccharide, or who were healthy (placebo). In study 1, 106 naive subjects watched these displays and rated them as coming from someone sick or healthy. In study 2, 106 other subjects rated health, sadness and tiredness of the displays on a VAS scale. Results: In Study 1, the sensitivity was 59% for videos and 57% for point-light displays, while the specificity was 74% for videos and 61% for point-light displays. Additional results will be presented at the conference. Conclusion: This study will indicate if sickness can be detected from gait patterns, possibly adding to immune defensive behaviors by facilitating avoidance of contagious peers.
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| 17. |
- Hansson, Lina S., et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of emotions during experimental endotoxemia : A pilot study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 93, s. 420-424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though dysfunctional emotion regulation is prominent in depression and a link between depression and inflammation is well established, there is little knowledge about how inflammation affects the regulation of emotions. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effect of experimentally induced inflammation on the cognitive reappraisal of emotions, and to assess domain specificity by comparing success in regulation of emotions towards two unpleasant stimuli classes (general negative stimuli and disgust stimuli). In a between-subject design, ten healthy participants were injected with an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg body weight) and eleven were injected with saline. Participants performed a cognitive reappraisal task, in which they had to down-regulate or up-regulate their emotions towards general negative stimuli and disgust stimuli, 5–6 h post-injection. Contrary to our hypotheses, participants injected with lipopolysaccharide reported greater success in down-regulating emotional responses towards unpleasant stimuli as compared to the saline group. In addition, both groups were poorer at down-regulating emotions towards disgust stimuli as compared to general negative stimuli. The current pilot study indicates that cognitive reappraisal of emotions is affected during experimental endotoxemia, and suggests that disgust stimuli might be difficult to reappraise.
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Lina S., et al.
(författare)
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The walking sick : Perception of experimental sickness from biological motion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 113, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of sick conspecifics allows for avoidance of infectious threats, and is therefore an important behavioral defense against diseases. Here, we investigated if humans can identify sick individuals solely from biological motion and posture (using point-light displays). Additionally, we sought to determine which movements and sickness parameters would predict such detection. We collected video clips and derived point-light displays (one stride presented in a loop) of sick walkers (injected with lipopolysaccharide at 2.0 ng/kg body weight) and the same walkers when healthy (injected with saline). We then presented these displays to two groups, one group classified each walker as sick or healthy (study 1, n = 106), and the other group scored the walkers’ health on a visual analogue scale (study 2, n = 106). The raters were able to identify sick individuals above chance, and rated sick walkers as having worse health, both from observing video clips and point-light displays. Furthermore, both sickness detection and worse apparent health were predicted by inflammation-induced increase in rigidity and slower walking, but not other cues. Altogether, these findings indicate that biological motion can serve as a sickness cue, possibly allowing humans to identify sick conspecifics from a distance, and thereby allowing for disease avoidance.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Lina S., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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The walking sick : what predicts the detection of walking sick individuals?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 106, s. 36-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Methods: In two studies, raters watched video recordings and point-light displays (i.e. dots depicting the body joints) of walking individuals who were either experimentally sick (after injection with lipopolysaccharide at 2.0 ng/kg bw) or healthy (after a placebo injection). In study 1, 106 raters classified each walking individual as either sick or healthy. In study 2, 106 other raters graded health of the stimuli on a visual analogue scale. We assessed the predicting effect on sickness detection (study 1) and apparent health (study 2) of walking parameters (objective measures of stride length, width, time, as well as knee angle, arm angle, and head angle) and well-known sickness responses (Sickness Questionnaire score, pain intensity, body temperature, and interleukin-6 concentration).Results: In study 1, shorter steps was the only predictor of the detection of sick individuals from video recordings (β=0.712(0.257), p=0.02). In the point-light displays, slower, wider, stiffer and shorter steps, all predicted a better sickness detection (β=0.0003(0.0001)-0.415(0.126), p<0.05).In study 2, lipopolysaccharide-induced slower, shorter and stiffer steps (B=5.214(1.888)-6.385(2.083), p<0.01), as well as higher interleukin-6 concentrations (B=0.051(0.020), p=0.01), predicted worse health ratings of sick individuals in the video recordings. In the point-light displays, lipopolysaccharide-induced slower, shorter and stiffer steps, and more head tilting, predicted worse health ratings of sick individuals (B=4.185(1.892)-6.701(2.092), p<0.05).Conclusions: The results imply that specific changes in walking parameters may aid in sickness detection, possibly regulating approach-avoidance behaviors towards sick peers.
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| 20. |
- Hansson, Sara Lina
(författare)
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On the validity of neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Introduction: Validity is important at different levels in psychiatry. Valid structured instruments are important aids in screening and diagnostics, in both research and clinical practice. An aim of the diagnostic procedure is to yield valid diagnoses. Ultimately, the validity of structured instruments (non-empirical) and clinical diagnoses depends on the validity of the diagnostic classification system and its constructs. Aims and methods: (1) To validate the Autism – Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC), developed for screening in large-scale studies, against clinical diagnoses and an established screening instrument (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). (2) To determine prevalence rates and distributions of neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) and general psychiatric problems as well as patterns of co-occurrence in a general population sample according to the A-TAC. (3) To qualitatively explore patients’ own experiences of being diagnosed with ADHD as an adult in an attempt to validate the diagnosis from a patient perspective. Results: The A-TAC showed excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC ≥0.97). ICCs for test-retest reliability were 0.77-0.97 for most modules. AUCs were around 0.90 for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and ADHD, and 0.71-0.84 for the other NDPs. Optimal cut-offs gave sensitivity around 0.90 and specificity around 0.75 for ASDs and ADHD. Cohen’s κ was > 0.60 for ASDs and ADHD. Sensitivity and Cohen’s κ were lower for the other NDPs. The A-TAC had moderate convergent validity with the CBCL on subscales that tended to target the same areas, but provided a more detailed and specific assessment of ASDs and related NDPs. Problems were continuously distributed and highly inter-correlated across types. There was a complex intra- and inter-individual variation of experiences of being diagnosed with ADHD, focused on diagnosis, identity, and life, but positive experiences were dominant. All but one interviewee expressed important positive consequences of being diagnosed. About half of them acknowledged negative aspects, but none regretted going through the neuropsychiatric evaluation. Conclusions: The results support the reliability and validity of the A-TAC in identifying ASDs, ADHD, and common comorbid NDPs. From a patient perspective, an ADHD diagnosis brings major benefits compared to the undiagnosed situation. Knowledge of an individual’s experiences is important for professionals as they can affect well-being and interfere with different treatments. Negative experiences especially might need to be addressed in the treatment work. Using the patient’s perspective may help validate psychiatric diagnoses, and is consistent with the idea of incorporating consequences into the concept of validity.
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| 21. |
- Hansson, Sara Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism - tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC): preliminary reliability and validity.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 187, s. 262-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reliable, valid and easily administered screening instruments would greatly facilitate large-scale neuropsychiatric research. AIMS: To test a parent telephone interview focused on autism - tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other comorbidities (A-TAC). METHOD: Parents of 84 children in contact with a child neuropsychiatric clinic and 27 control children were interviewed. Validity and interrater and test - retest reliability were assessed. RESULTS: Interrater and test - retest reliability were very good. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves between interview scores and clinical diagnoses were around 0.90 for ADHD and autistic spectrum disorders, and above 0.70 for tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder. Using optimal cut-off scores for autistic spectrum disorder and ADHD, good to excellent kappa levels for interviews and clinical diagnoses were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The A-TAC appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for identifying autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD, tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder.
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| 22. |
- Hansson, Sara Lina, et al.
(författare)
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The Autism--Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) telephone interview: convergence with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:3, s. 218-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare telephone interview screening for child psychiatric/neuropsychiatric disorders using the inventory of Autism-Tics, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) with results from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Background: The A-TAC is a parent telephone interview focusing on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and co-existing problems, developed for lay interviewers. Subjects and methods: A-TAC telephone interviews and CBCL questionnaires were obtained from parents of 106 Swedish twin pairs aged 9 and 12 years. Results: Correlations between A-TAC modules and CBCL scales aimed at measuring similar concepts were generally significant albeit modest, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.30 through 0.55. Conclusion: The A-TAC has convergent validity with the CBCL in several problem areas, but the A-TAC also provides more detailed and specific assessments of ASD symptoms and related neuropsychiatric problems.
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| 23. |
- Hensvold, Aase, et al.
(författare)
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The human bone marrow plasma cell compartment in rheumatoid arthritis-Clonal relationships and anti-citrulline autoantibody producing cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411 .- 1095-9157. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A majority of circulating IgG is produced by plasma cells residing in the bone marrow (BM). Long-lived BM plasma cells constitute our humoral immune memory and are essential for infection-specific immunity. They may also provide a reservoir of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA). Here we investigated paired human BM plasma cell and peripheral blood (PB) B-cell repertoires in seropositive RA, four ACPA+ RA patients and one ACPA- using two different single-cell approaches, flow cytometry sorting, and transcriptomics, followed by recombinant antibody generation. Immunoglobulin (Ig) analysis of >900 paired heavy-light chains from BM plasma cells identified by either surface CD138 expression or transcriptome profiles (including gene expression of MZB1, JCHAIN and XBP1) demonstrated differences in IgG/A repertoires and N-linked glycosylation between patients. For three patients, we identified clonotypes shared between BM plasma cells and PB memory B cells. Notably, four individuals displayed plasma cells with identical heavy chains but different light chains, which may indicate receptor revision or clonal convergence. ACPA-producing BM plasma cells were identified in two ACPA+ patients. Three of 44 recombinantly expressed monoclonal antibodies from ACPA+ RA BM plasma cells were CCP2+, specifically binding to citrullinated peptides. Out of these, two clones reacted with citrullinated histone-4 and activated neutrophils. In conclusion, single-cell investigation of B-cell repertoires in RA bone marrow provided new understanding of human plasma cells clonal relationships and demonstrated pathogenically relevant disease-associated autoantibody expression in long-lived plasma cells.
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| 24. |
- Hompland, Ivar, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma for patients treated with multimodal therapy : Results from the EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 151, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The role of chemotherapy for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is still under discussion. Here, we present the outcome in patients with DDCS treated with intensive chemotherapy from the EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study. Materials and methods: The chemotherapy regimen included doxorubicin, ifosfamide and cisplatin. Postoperative methotrexate was added in case of poor histological response. Toxicity was graded based on the National Cancer Institute expanded common toxicity criteria, version 2.0, and survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests and univariate Cox regression models. Results: Fifty-seven patients with DDCS (localised, 34 [60%]; metastatic, 23 [40%]) aged 42–65 years were included. Surgical complete remission (SCR) was achieved in 36 (63%) patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 24 months (95% confidence interval, 22–25), and the 5-year OS was 39%. Patients with extremity localisation had a 5-year OS of 49% compared with 29% in patients with a central tumour (P = 0.08). Patients with localised disease had a 5-year OS of 46%, whereas patients with metastatic disease had a 5-year OS of 29% (P = 0.12). Patients in SCR had a 5-year OS of 49%, whereas patients not in SCR had a 5-year OS of 23% (P = 0.004). Chemotherapy toxicity was considerable but manageable. There was no treatment-related death, and 39 (70%) patients received ≥6 cycles of the planned nine chemotherapy cycles. Conclusions: Adding intensive chemotherapy to surgery for treatment of DDCS is feasible and shows favourable survival data compared with previous reports. With the limitations of data from a non-controlled trial, we conclude that chemotherapy could be considered in the management of patients aged >40 years.
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| 25. |
- Humar, Miha, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of the COST FP 1303 Cooperative Performance Test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 46th IRG Annual Meeting.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- COST Action FP 1303 “Performance of bio-based building materials” successfully started in October 2013 and an ambitious program was set up for the four year programme. COST Actions provide an excellent opportunity for collaborative research, e.g. in the frame of Round Robin tests.The idea of this respective test was to distribute a fairly simple test set up to as many places in Europe as possible in order to collect performance data reflecting the range of climatic exposure conditions. Furthermore we wanted to consider performance in its manifold meaning, i.e. optical, aesthetical, moisture and functional performance and durability. In contrast to traditional Round Robin tests aiming on comparative evaluation and validation of results from different test laboratories, this initiative aims on collecting performance data under climatically different exposure conditions. Therefore it was required to provide weather data from the respective test sites to allow establishing relationships between climate conditions and the following measured, which shall be evaluated regularly: decay, discolouration, development of mould and other staining fungi, corrosion, formation of cracks and moisture performance (if data logging device is included). Further details about the test and the first outcomes are presented in this paper.
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| 26. |
- Kristoffersen, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Aglomerular hemipteran antennal lobes – Basic neuroanatomy of a small nose
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3553 .- 0379-864X. ; 33, s. 771-778
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compared the basic organization of the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), in 4 hemipteran species representing the 2 major lineages in this order. The Homoptera were represented by the psyllid Trioza apicalis and its aphid relatives the grain aphid Sitobion avenae Fabricius and the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum Walker, whereas the Heteroptera were represented by the pentatomid stink bug Euschistus heros Fabricius. The olfactory systems of psyllids and aphids are generally very small, with low numbers of afferents in comparison to other insect groups, and the smallest described so far belongs to T. apicalis, comprising less than 50 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Originally, we tried to estimate numbers of olfactory glomeruli in the AL of T. apicalis, which in insects generally correspond closely to the number of different types of ORNs. Neither immunocytochemical staining nor anterograde staining of ORNs revealed any glomerular structures in the ALs of T. apicalis or the 2 aphids that were included for comparison. In contrast, the ALs of the pentatomid stink bug E. heros displayed numerous distinct and well-delineated glomeruli, showing that aglomerular ALs are not typical of all insects within the order Hemiptera. Glomeruli are hallmark features of olfactory lobes in many different phyla, and the absence of glomerular structures in psyllids and aphids appears to be unique in insects that depend on olfactory orientation.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 32. |
- Mawdsley, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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YOUR RIGHT TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION : The Swedish PRTR
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to impact the environment around you, you have to have knowledge about the state of the environment. The Swedish PRTR provides information on the amount of pollutants that are released to the environment around you and throughout Sweden. You can use this information as support when you want to impact different actors in issues concerning the environment. In this way, you can contribute to reducing pollution of our environment.
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| 33. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 34. |
- Nikoleris, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) treatment of wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) during early life development disrupts expression of genes directly involved in the feedback cycle of estrogen.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0456. ; 180, s. 56-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish are more sensitive to introduced disturbances from synthetic endocrine disrupting compounds during early life phases compared with mature stages. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), which is the active compound in human oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies, is today ever present in the effluents from sewage treatment plants. EE2 targets and interacts with the endogenous biological systems of exposed vertebrates resulting in to large extents unknown short- and long-term effects. We investigated how EE2 exposure affects expression profiles of a large number of target genes during early life of roach (Rutilus rutilus). We exposed fertilized roach eggs collected from a lake in Southern Sweden to EE2 for 12weeks together with 1+-year-old roach in aquaria. We measured the gene expression of the estrogen receptor (esr)1/2a/2b, androgen receptor (ar), vitellogenin, cytochrome P450 (cyp)19a1a/1b in fertilized eggs; newly hatched larvae; 12-week-old fry; and juvenile wild roach (1+-year-old). Results shows that an EE2 concentration as low as 0.5ng/L significantly affects gene expression during early development. Gene expression responses vary both among life stages and molecular receptors. We also show that the gene profile of the estrogen feedback cycle to a large extent depends on the relationship between the three esr genes and the two cyp19a1 genes, which are all up-regulated with age. Results indicate that a disruption of the natural activity of the dominant esr gene could lead to detrimental biological effects if EE2 exposure occurs during development, even if this exposure occurred for only a short period.
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| 35. |
- Nikoleris, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling the estrogen receptor (er) genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reveals expression differences between the two adult life stages but little impact from polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) load.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 400:C, s. 10-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen receptors (ers) not only are activated by hormones but also interact with many human-derived environmental contaminants. Here, we present evidence for four expressed er genes in Atlantic salmon cDNA - two more ers (erα2 and erβ2) than previously published. To determine if er gene expression differs between two adult life-stages we sampled 20 adult salmon from the feeding phase in the Baltic Sea and during migration in the River Mörrum, Sweden. Results show that all four er genes are present in the investigated tissues, except for erα2 not appearing in the spleen. Overall, a profile analysis reveals the erα1 gene to be the most highly expressed er gene in both female and male Baltic Sea salmon tissues, and also in female River Mörrum salmon. In contrast, this gene has the lowest gene expression level of the four er genes in male salmon from the River Mörrum. The erα2 gene is expressed at the lowest levels in both female/male Baltic Sea salmon and in female River Mörrum salmon. Statistical analyses indicate a significant and complex interaction where both sex and adult life stage can impact er gene expression. Regression analyses did not demonstrate any significant relationship between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden and er gene expression level, suggesting that accumulated pollutants from the Baltic Sea may be deactivated inside the salmon's lipid tissues and have limited impact on er activity. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of four er gene expression levels in two wild salmon populations from two different adult life stages where information about PCB load is also available.
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| 36. |
- Nyström, Lina
(författare)
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Microgels as Carriers for Antimicrobial Peptides : Surface-bound microgels, and factors affecting peptide interactions
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a growing number of multi-resistant bacteria against conventional antibiotics, there is an urgent need to identify new antimicrobial therapeutics. One example that has gained considerable interest is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). For AMPs to reach their full potential as therapeutics, as well as for other peptide and protein drugs, the right drug delivery system may overcome reported shortcomings, such as fast clearance in the bloodstream and proteolytic degradation. Microgels are weakly cross-linked polymer colloids, which can be made responsive to various stimuli. In the context of drug delivery, microgels are of particular interest as carriers for biomacromolecular drugs, such as peptides and proteins, as their water-rich environment offers both protection against enzymatic degradation and triggered release possibilities. Combining these, the aim of this thesis was to investigate electrostatically triggered surface-bound microgels as a delivery system for AMPs, as well as evaluate such systems as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory coating for biomaterials.Results presented in this thesis demonstrate effects of microgel charge density, pH, and ionic strength on microgel volume transitions at solid interfaces, surface-induced microgel deformation and nanomechanical properties. In addition, effects of both microgel properties (charge density) and peptide properties (molecular weight, charge density, and posttranslational modifications) on peptide loading and release from surface-bound microgels were investigated. The presented thesis also reports in vitro studies of AMP-loaded microgels in dispersion and surface-bound, as either mono- or multilayers. Notably, the interplay between surface- and release-related effects for the antimicrobial properties of AMP-loaded microgels are investigated. In addition, anti-inflammatory properties of AMP-loaded microgels are also reported.Taken together, microgels prove an interesting and versatile drug delivery system for AMPs. Results obtained in this thesis have demonstrated that several key factors need to be taken into consideration in the development of surface-bound microgels as a carrier for AMPs, and that small changes in microgel and peptide properties can alter peptide loading and release profiles.
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| 37. |
- Osborn, David, et al.
(författare)
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Ocean acidification: impacts and governance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Economics and Management of Sustainable Oceans. Eds.: Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Lisa Emelia Svensson, Anil Markandya.. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishers & UNEP. - 9781786430717 ; , s. 396-415
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
- Pick, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 43:6, s. 527-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
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| 39. |
- Pick, Cari M., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.
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| 40. |
- Pick, Cari. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Publisher Correction : Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves (Scientific Data, (2022), 9, 1, (499), 10.1038/s41597-022-01579-w)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the html version of this article the affiliation details for Marco Antonio Correa Varella were incorrectly given as ‘eduLab21, Ayrton Senna Institute, São Paulo, 05423-040, Brazil’, but should have been ‘Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version of the Article was correct at the time of publication.
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| 41. |
- Smith, Laura B., et al.
(författare)
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Psychological manifestations of celiac disease autoimmunity in young children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 139:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychological symptoms can be associated with celiac disease; abstract however, this association has not been studied prospectively in a pediatric cohort. We examined mother report of psychological functioning in children persistently positive for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA), defined as celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA), compared with children without CDA in a screening population of genetically at-risk children. We also investigated differences in psychological symptoms based on mothers' awareness of their child's CDA status. METHODS: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study followed 8676 children to identify triggers of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Children were tested for tTGA beginning at 2 years of age. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist assessed child psychological functioning at 3.5 and 4.5 years of age. RESULTS: At 3.5 years, 66 mothers unaware their child had CDA reported more child anxiety and depression, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems than 3651 mothers of children without CDA (all Ps ≤ .03). Unaware-CDA mothers also reported more child anxiety and depression, withdrawn behavior, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems than 440 mothers aware of their child's CDA status (all Ps ≤.04). At 4.5 years, there were no differences. CONCLUSIONS: In 3.5-year-old children, CDA is associated with increased reports of child depression and anxiety, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems when mothers are unaware of their child's CDA status. Mothers' knowledge of their child's CDA status is associated with fewer reports of psychological symptoms, suggesting that awareness of the child's tTGA test results affects reporting of symptoms.
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| 42. |
- Törn, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Complement gene variants in relation to autoantibodies to beta cell specific antigens and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 15 SNPs within complement genes and present on the ImmunoChip were analyzed in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. A total of 5474 subjects were followed from three months of age until islet autoimmunity (IA: n = 413) and the subsequent onset of type 1 diabetes (n = 115) for a median of 73 months (IQR 54-91). Three SNPs within ITGAM were nominally associated (p < 0.05) with IA: rs1143678 [Hazard ratio; HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.98; p = 0.032], rs1143683 [HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65-0.98; p = 0.030] and rs4597342 [HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.32; p = 0.041]. When type 1 diabetes was the outcome, in DR3/4 subjects, there was nominal significance for two SNPs: rs17615 in CD21 [HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05-2.20; p = 0.025] and rs4844573 in C4BPA [HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.92; p = 0.017]. Among DR4/4 subjects, rs2230199 in C3 was significantly associated [HR 3.20; 95% CI 1.75-5.85; p = 0.0002, uncorrected] a significance that withstood Bonferroni correction since it was less than 0.000833 (0.05/60) in the HLA-specific analyses. SNPs within the complement genes may contribute to IA, the first step to type 1 diabetes, with at least one SNP in C3 significantly associated with clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
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| 43. |
- Ulugut, Hulya, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical recognition of frontotemporal dementia with right anterior temporal predominance : A multicenter retrospective cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - 1552-5260.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Although frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with right anterior temporal lobe (RATL) predominance has been recognized, a uniform description of the syndrome is still missing. This multicenter study aims to establish a cohesive clinical phenotype. METHODS: Retrospective clinical data from 18 centers across 12 countries yielded 360 FTD patients with predominant RATL atrophy through initial neuroimaging assessments. RESULTS: Common symptoms included mental rigidity/preoccupations (78%), disinhibition/socially inappropriate behavior (74%), naming/word-finding difficulties (70%), memory deficits (67%), apathy (65%), loss of empathy (65%), and face-recognition deficits (60%). Real-life examples unveiled impairments regarding landmarks, smells, sounds, tastes, and bodily sensations (74%). Cognitive test scores indicated deficits in emotion, people, social interactions, and visual semantics however, lacked objective assessments for mental rigidity and preoccupations. DISCUSSION: This study cumulates the largest RATL cohort unveiling unique RATL symptoms subdued in prior diagnostic guidelines. Our novel approach, combining real-life examples with cognitive tests, offers clinicians a comprehensive toolkit for managing these patients. Highlights: This project is the first international collaboration and largest reported cohort. Further efforts are warranted for precise nomenclature reflecting neural mechanisms. Our results will serve as a clinical guideline for early and accurate diagnoses.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Wedin Hansson, Lina
(författare)
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Going Green : A Study of Public Procurement Regulation
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sociology of Law the discussions about regulation have been extensive and the issue of public procurement is gaining momentum as its true financial value and potential to impact markets are realised. This thesis aims to look at the regulation of green public procurement (GPP) by analysing findings from an in-depth case study in a Swedish context, using interviews with procurement officers as well as analyses of court cases. The thesis highlights relevant findings to discuss the regulatory context of GPP in terms of norms and to analyse it in terms of legal rationalities. Empirical results are presented in the appended articles illustrating some of the elements of public procurement and GPP. A model for studying and analysing the findings is developed using norms and legal rationalities and is subsequently applied using empirical findings presented in the articles. The final chapter highlights the findings of what structure the regulation takes in order to cope with the infusion of green into public procurement – a mixed system of legal rationalities allowing for the generation of necessary knowledge to compensate for cognitive limitations.
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| 47. |
- Wedin Hansson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbar offentlig upphandling av renovering
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social hållbarhet med fokus på bostadsrenovering - En antologi. - 9789188001801 ; , s. 143-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Wedin Hansson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbar samverkan? : En fallstudie av samverkan i hållbar offentlig byggupphandling
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Offentlig upphandling spelar en central roll i samhällsplanering och stadsomvandlingsprojekt, där möjligheten att integrera hållbarhetshänsyn har kommit att uppmärksammas alltmer under de senaste decennierna. Bakgrunden till denna rapport härstammar ur projektet ”Samverkan och hållbarhetshänsyn i bygginköpsprocessen”, finansierat av Formas (Forskningsrådet för miljö, areella näringar och samhällsbyggande) samt med samfinansiering från Miljöförvaltningen, Malmö stad.Malmö stads stadsomvandlingsprojekt ”Hållbara Rosengård” utgör ett aktuellt exempel på en satsning där offentlig upphandling inom bl.a. byggentreprenader har använts som ett medel för att bidra till hållbar stadsutveckling. Denna rapport presenterar en fallstudie av ett specifikt byggprojekt som genomfördes inom ramen för Hållbara Rosengård och som inkluderade både sociala och miljömässiga hållbarhetskrav i upphandlingen. Rapporten redovisar och diskuterar några centrala empiriska resultat från denna studie, med särskilt fokus på offentlig-privat samverkan å ena sidan och beslutsprocesser och hållbarhetsincitament å andra sidan. Rapporten syftar härutöver till att identifiera några särskilt viktiga områden för fortsatt forskning och utveckling, och att vara till nytta för det fortsatta implementeringsarbetet gällande samverkan kring hållbar offentlig upphandling.
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| 49. |
- Wedin Hansson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional Incentives for Sustainable Public Procurement : a Case Study of Sustainability Considerations in the Swedish Construction Sector
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Public Procurement Law Review. - 0963-8245. ; 26:5, s. 220-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to integrate sustainability considerations in the public procurement process has been debated over recent decades, resulting in several legislative changes. Collaboration between public and private sectors is emphasised as important in the development of sustainable public procurement but few studies focus on public-private collaboration related to sustainable public procurement. This article contributes to this area of research through an empirical case study of the integration of social and environmental considerations in Swedish public procurement of construction work. A pilot project to enable employment of youth in a construction project is used as a case study. An analysis is conducted of the institutional incentives that exist regarding sustainability considerations, both from the perspective of the public sector actor (the procuring authority) and the private sector actor (the contractor). A model of institutional incentives is developed that broadens the concept of incentives for use beyond merely regulative incentives or financial or contractual incentives. The findings show that regulative incentives have been subordinated other types of institutional incentives in sustainable public procurement practice. The complexity of institutional incentives is important to highlight in order to understand sustainable public procurement in practice, and what factors may contribute as well as hinder the decision-making processes related to sustainability objectives.
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| 50. |
- Wedin Hansson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Kan man köpa framtiden?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 15 hållbara lösningar för framtiden. - 9789198157758 ; , s. 35-44
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The chapter discusses the potential of public procurement to contribute to sustainable development through circular economy ideas.
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