| 1. |
- Hansson, L-A, et al.
(författare)
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A synthesis of animal movement across scales
- 2014
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Ingår i: Animal Movement Across Scales. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199677184 ; , s. 259-267
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims at synthesizing the knowledge presented in the chapters of the book’s three sections by addressing evolutionary compromises, dispersal, gene flow, and assisted movements. How climate change and other environmental changes at different scales may affect animal movement, migration, and dispersal in the future are also summarized here. Moreover, how the different senses are utilized for navigation and orientation and how these may lead to different movement and migration patterns are also discussed. Finally, how the recent technical revolution has affected animal movement research is addressed and the view on future perspectives of animal movement research is also provided.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boholm, Max, 1982-
(författare)
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Risk, language and discourse
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis analyses the concept of risk and how it functions as an organizing principle of discourse, paying close attention to actual linguistic practice. Article 1 analyses the concepts of risk, safety and security and their relations based on corpus data (the Corpus of Contemporary American English). Lexical, grammatical and semantic contexts of the nouns risk, safety and security, and the adjectives risky, safe and secure are analysed and compared. Similarities and differences are observed, suggesting partial synonymy between safety (safe) and security (secure) and semantic opposition to risk (risky). The findings both support and contrast theoretical assumptions about these concepts in the literature. Article 2 analyses the concepts of risk and danger and their relation based on corpus data (in this case the British National Corpus). Frame semantics is used to explore the assumptions of the sociologist Niklas Luhmann (and others) that the risk concept presupposes decision-making, while the concept of danger does not. Findings partly support and partly contradict this assumption. Article 3 analyses how newspapers represent risk and causality. Two theories are used: media framing and the philosopher John Mackie’s account of causality. A central finding of the study is that risks are “framed” with respect to causality in several ways (e.g. one and the same type of risk can be presented as resulting from various causes). Furthermore, newspaper reporting on risk and causality vary in complexity. In some articles, risks are presented without causal explanations, while in other articles, risks are presented as results from complex causal conditions. Considering newspaper reporting on an aggregated overall level, complex schemas of causal explanations emerge. Article 4 analyses how phenomena referred to by the term nano (e.g. nanotechnology, nanoparticles and nanorobots) are represented as risks in Swedish newspaper reporting. Theoretically, the relational theory of risk and frame semantics are used. Five main groups of nano-risks are identified based on the risk object of the article: (I) nanotechnology; (II) nanotechnology and its artefacts (e.g. nanoparticles and nanomaterials); (III) nanoparticles, without referring to nanotechnology; (IV) non-nanotechnological nanoparticles (e.g. arising from traffic); and (V) nanotechnology and nanorobots. Various patterns are explored within each group, concerning, for example, what is considered to be at stake in relation to these risk objects, and under what conditions. It is concluded that Swedish patterns of newspaper reporting on nano-risks follow international trends, influenced by scientific assessment, as well as science fiction. Article 5 analyses the construction and negotiation of risk in the Swedish controversy over the use of antibacterial silver in health care and consumer products (e.g. sports clothes and equipment). The controversy involves several actors: print and television news media, Government and parliament, governmental agencies, municipalities, non-government organisations, and companies. In the controversy, antibacterial silver is claimed to be a risk object that negatively affects health, the environment, and sewage treatment industry (objects at risk). In contrast, such claims are denied. Antibacterial silver is even associated with the benefit of mitigating risk objects (e.g. bacteria and micro-organisms) that threaten health and the environment (objects at risk). In other words, both sides of the controversy invoke health and the environment as objects at risk. Three strategies organising risk communication are identified: (i) representation of silver as a risk to health and the environment; (ii) denial of such representations; and (iii) benefit association, where silver is construed to mitigate risks to health and the environment.
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| 5. |
- Boholm, Max, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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The Concepts of Risk, Safety, and Security : Applications in Everyday Language
- 2016
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Ingår i: Risk Analysis. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0272-4332 .- 1539-6924. ; 36:2, s. 320-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concepts of risk, safety, and security have received substantial academic interest. Several assumptions exist about their nature and relation. Besides academic use, the words risk, safety, and security are frequent in ordinary language, for example, in media reporting. In this article, we analyze the concepts of risk, safety, and security, and their relation, based on empirical observation of their actual everyday use. The "behavioral profiles" of the nouns risk, safety, and security and the adjectives risky, safe, and secure are coded and compared regarding lexical and grammatical contexts. The main findings are: (1) the three nouns risk, safety, and security, and the two adjectives safe and secure, have widespread use in different senses, which will make any attempt to define them in a single unified manner extremely difficult; (2) the relationship between the central risk terms is complex and only partially confirms the distinctions commonly made between the terms in specialized terminology; (3) whereas most attempts to define risk in specialized terminology have taken the term to have a quantitative meaning, nonquantitative meanings dominate in everyday language, and numerical meanings are rare; and (4) the three adjectives safe, secure, and risky are frequently used in comparative form. This speaks against interpretations that would take them as absolute, all-or-nothing concepts.
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| 6. |
- Broman, Marcus E., et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Heart Rate and Body Temperature in Critically Ill Patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 49:3, s. 327-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The presence of tachycardia in critically ill patients is frequently used as an indication of severity of illness and to guide treatment decisions but can be influenced by body temperature, thus confounding its interpretation. There are few data available on the relationship between body temperature and heart rate in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Mixed medical-surgical university hospital ICU. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to the ICU between November 2006 and August 2019. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Body temperature was recorded in the electronic medical records at least hourly, from invasive measurements (esophageal probe, indwelling urinary catheter, pulse contour cardiac output monitoring system, or pulmonary artery catheter) or manual tympanic recordings. Heart rate was monitored continuously and hourly values were recorded in the electronic medical record. Change in heart rate with change in body temperature was assessed by extracting pairs of simultaneous body temperature and corresponding heart rate measurements from the electronic medical record: 472,941 simultaneous pairs were obtained from the 9,046 patients admitted during the study period. Each 1°C increase in body temperature between 32.0°C and 42.0°C was associated with an 8.35 beats/min increase in heart rate. Crude linear regression showed an r2of 0.855 between body temperature and heart rate. Heart rate increased more in females than in males (9.46 vs 7.24 beats/min for each 1°C, p < 0.0001); this relationship was not affected by age or adrenergic drugs. The increase in heart rate was related to the severity of organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in body temperature is associated with a linear increase in heart rate of 9.46 beats/min/°C in female and 7.24 beats/min/°C in male patients. These observations will help to correctly interpret heart rate values at different body temperatures and enable more accurate evaluation of other factors associated with tachycardia.
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| 7. |
- Chuan Chen, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature activation of B implantation of Si subcell fabrication in III-V/Si tandem solar cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 36<sup>th</sup> EU PVSEC 2019. - : WIP. - 3936338604 ; , s. 764-768
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, we investigated the Si pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) assisted low temperatureannealing process to activate boron implantation in n-Si in a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) reactor, which canbe used for the Si subcell fabrication in the III-V/Si tandem solar cells enabled by the corrugated epitaxial lateralovergrowth (CELOG). A uniform boron activation in Si and a low emitter sheet resistance of 77 /sq was obtained atannealing temperatures of 600-700°C. High-resolution x-ray diffraction was used to study the recrystallization ofamorphous silicon and the incorporation of boron dopants in Si. Hall measurements revealed p-type carrierconcentrations in the order of 1020 cm-3. The n-Si wafers with B implantation activated at 700°C by HVPE wereprocessed to solar cells and characterized by the standard light-current-voltage measurement under AM1.5 spectrumand external quantum efficiency measurements. The developed B implantation and low temperature activationprocesses are applied to the InP/Si seed template preparation for CELOG, on which CELOG GaInP over a Si subcellwith a direct heterojunction was demonstrated.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Viltvårdsavgiften : En studie av svenskarnas vilja att betala det statliga jaktkortet
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viltvårdsavgiften ska enligt Jaktförordningen (SFS 1987:905, 49 §) betalas av alla över 18 år som jagar i Sverige. Avgiften är 300 kr och gäller för ett jaktår, vilket omfattar tiden 1 juli–30 juni. Det statliga jaktkortet är ett kvitto på att denna avgift är betald. Under de senaste decennierna har antalet personer som löser det statliga jaktkortet minskat. I den här rapporten, som är ett utredningsuppdrag från Naturvårdsverket till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), undersöks varför antalet personer som löser jaktkort minskar, och om antalet jaktkortslösare som ägnar sig åt jakt också minskat över tid. Rapporten omfattar endast personer bosatta i Sverige.
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| 9. |
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Forum för humanistisk-samhällsvetenskaplig hälsoforskning: Forskarkonferens kring temat Program och praktik
- 2011
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Med temat program och praktik vill vi särskilt uppmana forskare att reflektera över vad som sägs och vad som görs inom hälso-, medicin- och sjukdomsrelaterade verksamheter, såväl i nutid som i det förflutna. Med program avses till exempel vårdpolitiska uttalanden och viljeyttringar av olika slag, beskrivningar eller bilder av hur t.ex. vård och omhändertagande bör vara beskaffad, läroböckers beskrivningar av önskvärda metoder, vårdformer, omhändertaganden, ingrepp etc., eller andra sorters vägledande utsagor, bl.a. i massmedia, som anger hur något bör vara beskaffat, ska utföras eller på annat sätt riktas mot en önskvärd omsättning i handling. Med praktik menas t.ex. handlingar, handgrepp och genomförande, tysta eller fotade i något slags program. Här ingår också upplevda och beskrivna relationer mellan t.ex. vårdtagare, klient eller kund och olika vårdgivare eller producenter av vård, behandling och omhändertagande eller andra aktiviteter, rum eller materiella alt. immateriella produkter inom medicin- och hälsofältet. Konferensen vill gärna att deltagarna reflekterar över dessa två begrepp, vart och ett eller i relation till varandra i empiriskt, metodologiskt, källkritiskt eller annat avseende. Konferensen välkomnar också bidrag om de epistemologiska, etiska och representationsteoretiska perspektiv och paradigm som ligger bakom, uttrycks genom eller utesluts från sådana program och praktiker som angivits ovan.
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| 10. |
- Gertow, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of the BCAR1-CFDP1-TMEM170A Locus as a Determinant of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease Risk
- 2012
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Ingår i: Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics. - 1942-325X .- 1942-3268. ; 5:6, s. 656-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a widely accepted marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. To date, large-scale investigations of genetic determinants of cIMT are sparse. Methods and Results-To identify cIMT-associated genes and genetic variants, a discovery analysis using the Illumina 200K CardioMetabochip was conducted in 3430 subjects with detailed ultrasonographic determinations of cIMT from the IMPROVE (Carotid Intima Media Thickness [IMT] and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High Risk European Population) study. Segment-specific IMT measurements of common carotid, bifurcation, and internal carotid arteries, and composite IMT variables considering the whole carotid tree (IMTmean, IMTmax, and IMTmean-max), were analyzed. A replication stage investigating 42 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with common carotid IMT was undertaken in 5 independent European cohorts (total n=11 590). A locus on chromosome 16 (lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4888378, intronic in CFDP1) was associated with cIMT at significance levels passing multiple testing correction at both stages (array-wide significant discovery P=6.75x10(-7) for IMTmax; replication P=7.24x10(-6) for common cIMT; adjustments for sex, age, and population substructure where applicable; minor allele frequency 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). The protective minor allele was associated with lower carotid plaque score in a replication cohort (P=0.04, n=2120) and lower coronary artery disease risk in 2 case-control studies of subjects with European ancestry (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.83 [0.77-0.90], P=6.53x10(-6), n=13 591; and 0.95 [0.92-0.98], P=1.83x10(-4), n= 82 297, respectively). Queries of human biobank data sets revealed associations of rs4888378 with nearby gene expression in vascular tissues (n=126-138). Conclusions-This study identified rs4888378 in the BCAR1-CFDP1-TMEM170A locus as a novel genetic determinant of cIMT and coronary artery disease risk in individuals of European descent. (Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2012;5:656-665.)
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Lärdomar av utvecklingsnätverk – spridning av erfarenheter : Slutrapport: Oktober 2008
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2003 fick CIEL – Centrum för Innovation, Entreprenörskap och Lärande – vid Högskolan i Halmstad finansiering från Vinnova för ett forskningsprojekt om utvecklings- och innovationsnätverk i Halland. Projektet fick namnet Lärande, ledarskap och jämställdhet i regionala innovationssystem och resulterade år 2007 i en rapport. Efter projektets slut väcktes tanken om att ytterligare sprida erfarenheterna från arbetet till olika utvecklingsaktörer i länet. Nya medel från Vinnova gjorde en sådan fortsättning möjlig.Projektet Lärdomar av utvecklingsnätverk – spridning av erfarenheter genomfördes under 2008 och syftade till att på ett reflekterande sätt sprida och diskutera erfarenheter från modeller och ansatser för innovationsledd tillväxtpolitik. De aspekter som stod i fokus var ledning, lärande och jämställdhet. Projektets mål var att öka medvetenheten hos utvecklingsaktörer i Halland om betydelsen av dessa aspekter samt att skapa en dialog om konkreta åtgärder vid planering av framtida projekt och program.
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| 12. |
- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An ecological study of chronic kidney disease in five Mesoamerican countries : associations with crop and heat
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mesoamerica is severely affected by an epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), an epidemic with a marked variation within countries. We sought to describe the spatial distribution of CKDnt in Mesoamerica and examine area-level crop and climate risk factors.METHODS: CKD mortality or hospital admissions data was available for five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and linked to demographic, crop and climate data. Maps were developed using Bayesian spatial regression models. Regression models were used to analyze the association between area-level CKD burden and heat and cultivation of four crops: sugarcane, banana, rice and coffee.RESULTS: There are regions within each of the five countries with elevated CKD burden. Municipalities in hot areas and much sugarcane cultivation had higher CKD burden, both compared to equally hot municipalities with lower intensity of sugarcane cultivation and to less hot areas with equally intense sugarcane cultivation, but associations with other crops at different intensity and heat levels were not consistent across countries.CONCLUSION: Mapping routinely collected, already available data could be a first step to identify areas with high CKD burden. The finding of higher CKD burden in hot regions with intense sugarcane cultivation which was repeated in all five countries agree with individual-level studies identifying heavy physical labor in heat as a key CKDnt risk factor. In contrast, no associations between CKD burden and other crops were observed.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Max, 1956-
(författare)
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Att implementera med hjälp av samverkan : En studie av implementering av ett stödboende med samverkan som metod
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this licentiate thesis studies how a systematic work of implementing a supported housing develops from idea to practice with the purpose to analyze collaboration and its impact on the development of the implementation. The study followed how the four organizations created a collaboration to implement a supported housing.; the social services in Kalmar municipality, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service in the form of the local probation service in Kalmar, the association KRIS (Kriminellas Revansch I Samhället, [Criminals' Revenge In Society]) in Kalmar and Kalmarhem AB a housing company, The starting point for the study consists of a process evaluation of an implementation process, how collaboration established between the organizations, how collaboration as a way of working affects the process and finally the split-up of the project. The study conducted in two parts: partly during the years 2006-2008 when implementation studied, partly during the years 2014-2015 when the split-up of the project studied. The methods used was interviews, participatory observations and document studies. The empirical evidence collected during the two periods forms the basis for the analysis.The results indicate that collaboration created between the actors of the implementation is of crucial importance. That is, how the actors confronted and solved the problems that arose during the implementation and that both time and various forms of resources are required to create a comprehensive collaboration. The concluding part of the study describes how a split-up of collaboration takes place. The change can attributed to a new arrangement with clear operational management in accordance with the impact of New Public Management [NPM]. A consequence for the supported housing, in line with this logic, was a separation and division of clients and contractors and division between businesses in accordance with a competitive mindset.At the time of writing, the supported housing remains, albeit in a different form. One explanation is that during the implementation, a close and sustainable collaboration was developed that could withstand some of the threats created through changed forms of governance. This indicates that the collaboration that developed between the four organizations can still provide some space if it is able to find forms that can fit into new control logics.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hofmaier, Bernd, et al.
(författare)
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Lärande, ledarskap och jämställdhet i regionala innovationssystem : Slutrapport
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2003 startade VINNOVA forskningsprogrammet ”Kunskapsbildning och organisering”. Programmet inriktade sig på metod- och kunskapsutveckling för organisering och ledarskap, för att, som man uttryckte det”…främja utvecklingen av framgångsrika kunskaps- och värdeskapande system” (Vinnova, 2005). Programmet handlade om att utveckla kunskap och kompetens om metoder och former för organisering av kunskapsbildnings-och innovationsprocesser. Ett tjugotal projekt fick finansiering och föreliggande rapport är ett av resultaten av dessa projekt.
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| 17. |
- Hoiom, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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MC1R variation and melanoma risk in the Swedish population in relation to clinical and pathological parameters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. - 1755-148X .- 1755-1471. ; 22:2, s. 196-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) includes both germ line aberrations in high-penetrance genes, like CDKN2A, and allelic variation in low-penetrance genes like the melanocortin-1 receptor gene, MC1R. Red-hair colour associated MC1R alleles (RHC) have been associated with red hair, fair skin and risk of CMM. We investigated MC1R and CDKN2A variation in relation to phenotype, clinical factors and CMM risk in the Swedish population. The study cohort consisted of sporadic primary melanoma patients, familial melanoma patients and a control group. An allele-dose dependent increase in melanoma risk for carriers of variant MC1R alleles (after adjusting for phenotype), with an elevated risk among familial CMM patients, was observed. This elevated risk was found to be significantly associated with an increased frequency of dysplastic nevi (DN) among familial patients compared to sporadic patients. MC1R variation was found to be less frequent among acral lentiginous melanomas (ALM) and dependent on tumour localisation. No association was found between CDKN2A gene variants and general melanoma risk. Two new variants in the POMC gene were identified in red haired individuals without RHC alleles.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Social learning in education – an important step in practical integration of preventive risk reduction and adaptation to climate change
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of linking the preventive phase of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) with the adaptation in human society to forecasted consequences from climate change, has received growing acceptance internationally, but the integration of both fields is still at an embryonic stage. Integration in this case implies transdisciplinary approaches in complex fields where liabilities and stakeholders normally are found in different sectors and levels in society. For integration to be successful, a first step is to create platforms and contexts where participants may generate raised awareness about each other’s roles and evolve a shared problem identification. Social learning is a concept that has been used in many different contexts where uncertainty and change are crucial and challenging. It has earlier been linked as a suitable approach to issues such as public participation, governance or natural resource management. Here it is used in education, gathering among others stakeholders working within the fields of Flood Risk Management, DRR and Climate Change Adaptation at local or regional level around the two Swedish lakes Vänern and Mälaren. Teaching arrangements and didactic elements are described for the two pilot-courses that were held 2009-2010. The academic institutional arrangements favoured an open exchange and knowledge building, with local examples of management and strategies repeatedly in focus during several study visits in different cities along the shoreline. The elements of social learning facilitated the build-up of shared holistic perspectives, identified areas in need of development or research efforts and contributed to informal as well as formal relationships among participants.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Using education and social learning in capacity building- the IntECR concept
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 22:1, s. 17-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present a concept where social learning is used in education. Thematically, the concept is suitable for complex, interdisciplinary, societal challenges with a high degree of uncertainty regarding future changes. It is exemplified here by the need to link disaster risk reduction (DRR) with climate change adaptation (CCA) and flood risk management (FRM). The concept answers to the variety of adopted solutions and build-up of knowledge that exist, as a consequence of far-reaching local liabilities and initiatives. The concept advocates building of platforms and procedures where managers, stakeholders, researchers, policy makers, and regular students can meet, interact and learn from local examples.Design/methodology/approach – The concept IntECR (integrated education, research and collaboration) has been tested in two courses during 2009 and 2010 around the Swedish lakes Vanern and Malaren. Seminars and field visits were arranged in ten different cities. Participants replied anonymously to a course evaluation and were questioned in groups about their perceived benefit from the concept.Findings – Informal networking, holistic perspective, shared problem identification and the positive possibility to study several examples of local management in arrangements with high degree of structural openness, were mentioned by the participants as positive outcome of the concept.Originality/value – The use of this educational concept aims to increase the adaptive capacity of societal entities through raised capacity of their individual members. The applied example is timely, relevant and a contribution to DRR and CCA
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone concentration gradients and wind conditions in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 40:9, s. 1610-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone concentrations and wind conditions were measured at different heights above ground inside two different Norway spruce forest canopies in Sweden and compared to those outside or above the forests. Compared to high above ground outside or above the canopies, the ozone concentrations inside the Norway spruce forests were reduced 3-8% during mid-day and 10-40% during nighttime. Daylight Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold 40ppb (AOT40) was reduced 15-45% inside as compared to outside the forest. The horizontal concentration differences between inside and outside the forest were in the order of 3-4%, independently of the height above ground. The ozone concentration difference inside and outside the forest depended on the air turbulence as well as the horizontal wind speed inside the forest. It also depended on the distance to the forest edge in relation to the wind direction. The ozone concentration differences inside and outside the Norway spruce forests were explained by the differences in the rate of dry deposition in relation to the rate of replacement of ozone from higher air layers or by the horizontal wind going into the forest. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Karunasekera, Hasith, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Varying Road Surface Condition Estimation in Ego and Adjacent Lanes
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings. ; 2023-June
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Images from a front-facing camera on a vehicle can be used to estimate the varying Road Surface Conditions (RSC) ahead to warn the driver or to initiate automatic speed reduction in slippery road conditions. Previous works have successfully used deep-learning models to identify the RSC in the ego lane. Here, we focused on developing a model for predicting the RSC in multiple lanes simultaneously, relevant if changing lanes is an option. The proposed model estimate the RSC on the ego lane as well as in the adjacent lanes only if the adjacent lanes exists in the image. Furthermore, a data set is developed using more than 12,000 images from public benchmarks and privately captured images to facilitate multi-lane RSC estimation. Each image is assigned three RSC labels: with one for the ego, left and right lanes. The classes used are dry, wet, snow and snow-tracks. Our analysis with several network architectures has revealed that the model is capable of estimating the RSC in adjacent lanes with a similar level of performance as of the ego-lane.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Liljefors, Max, et al.
(författare)
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'Biospace' : Metaphors of Space in Microbiological Images
- 2017
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Ingår i: Interpreting the Brain in Society : Cultural Reflections on Neuroscientific Practices - Cultural Reflections on Neuroscientific Practices. - 1404-000X. - 9789179242930 - 9789198085495 - 9789179242961 ; 25, s. 49-71
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Liljefors, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge worlds apart : Aesthetic experience as an epistemological boundary object
- 2020
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Ingår i: Movement of Knowledge : Medical humanities perspectives on medicine, science, and experience - Medical humanities perspectives on medicine, science, and experience. - : Nordic Academic Press (Kriterium). - 2002-2131. - 9789188909343 - 9789188909367 ; 24, s. 205-232
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Mendes, Augusto J., et al.
(författare)
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Head-to-head study of diagnostic accuracy of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 versus p-tau181 and p-tau231 in a memory clinic cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 271:4, s. 1707-1716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 has recently received attention because it seems more reliable than other p-tau variants for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Thus, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of plasma and CSF p-tau217 with p-tau181 and p-tau231 in a memory clinic cohort.Methods The study included 114 participants (CU = 33; MCI = 67; Dementia = 14). The p-tau variants were correlated versus continuous measures of amyloid (A) and tau (T)-PET. The p-tau phospho-epitopes were assessed through: (i) effect sizes (delta) between diagnostic and A +/- and T +/- groups; (ii) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses in A-PET and T-PET.Results The correlations between both plasma and CSF p-tau217 with A-PET and T-PET (r range 0.64-0.83) were stronger than those of p-tau181 (r range 0.44-0.79) and p-tau231 (r range 0.46-0.76). Plasma p-tau217 showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than p-tau181 and p-tau231 in (i) differences between diagnostic and biomarker groups (delta(range): p-tau217 = 0.55-0.96; p-tau181 = 0.51-0.67; p-tau231 = 0.53-0.71); (ii) ROC curves to identify A-PET and T-PET positivity (AUC(average): p-tau217 = 0.96; p-tau181 = 0.76; p-tau231 = 0.79). On the other hand, CSF p-tau217 (AUC(average) = 0.95) did not reveal significant differences in A-PET and T-PET AUC than p-tau181 (AUC(average) = 0.88) and p-tau231 (AUC(average) = 0.89).Discussion Plasma p-tau217 demonstrated better performance in the identification of AD pathology and clinical phenotypes in comparison with other variants of p-tau in a memory clinic cohort. Furthermore, p-tau217 had comparable performance in plasma and CSF. Our findings suggest the potential of plasma p-tau217 in the diagnosis and screening for AD, which could allow for a decreased use of invasive biomarkers in the future.
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| 28. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 29. |
- Nahkur, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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The engagement of informal volunteers in disaster management in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informal volunteering is increasingly important in disaster management, but authorities remain cautious about collaborating with informal volunteers. Relatively little is known about the extent to which informal volunteers are integrated into European disaster management systems. We try to remedy this gap by examining Germany, Italy, Belgium, Hungary, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia, focusing on (1) the policies and institutional arrangements for integrating informal volunteers, (2) the methods and tools used for their engagement, and (3) the presumed benefits and challenges of involving volunteers in disaster management. 95 expert interviews combined with desk research and four online table-top exercises in 2019–2020 involving analysis of 11 disaster cases show that disaster management systems in these countries are taking modest steps toward opening traditional command-and-control structures to informal volunteers. In Sweden and Norway, where volunteering is more common, the engagement of informal volunteers is somewhat regulated, providing an opportunity to formally insure them. In Belgium and Italy, the engagement of informal volunteers is not encouraged, but formal volunteering is encouraged. In Germany, Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, it is done on an ad hoc basis. In most of the countries studied, campaigns to raise volunteers’ awareness of support possibilities are backed up by practical training that focuses primarily on first aid. In all countries, except Germany, social media has been used by disaster management authorities to inform, guide, or register informal volunteers on an ad hoc basis. The studied cases indicate that disaster response is more efficient when procedures for informal volunteer engagement exist.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Olsson, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Förmaksflimmer - ny kunskap ger nya behandlingsmöjligheter
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 96:36, s. 3796-3803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia prompting treatment. Advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of AF provide the basis for new and improved treatment modalities. Thus, focal excitation and localised impulse conduction defects are possible trigger factors which can be counteracted by focal ablation and pacing synchronisation, respectively. Perpetuation of AF, caused by continuous multisite re-entry, is promoted by successive shortening of repolarisation. Internal defibrillation and anatomical limitation of re-entry are treatments that counteract perpetuation of the arrhythmia. Current knowledge of AF and the application of new treatments are discussed by the Lund AF research group.
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| 33. |
- Platonov, Pyotr, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of inter-atrial conduction defects with unfiltered signal-averaged P-wave ECG in patients with lone atrial fibrillation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2092. ; 2:1, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To demonstrate a possible inter-atrial conduction delay in patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) using 'unfiltered' signal-averaged P-wave ECG (PSAECG) and compare these results with those obtained with conventional filter settings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty one patients with lone PAF and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in the study. An orthogonal lead surface ECG was high-pass filtered at 0.8 Hz, averaged with template matching, and combined into a spatial magnitude ('unfiltered' technique). Results were compared with conventionally filtered (40-300 Hz) PSAECG. The filtered technique revealed no differences in P-wave duration between the two groups (121 +/- 12 vs 128 +/- 15 ms, control and PAF groups respectively, ns). Double-peaked P-wave spatial magnitudes (interpeak distance >30 ms) were revealed in 11 of 21 PAF patients but only in two of 18 controls (P<0.01). The nadir in the spatial magnitude was located significantly later in the PAF group (114 +/- 13 vs 103 +/- 9 ms, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: 'Unfiltered' PSAECG revealed significant differences in orthogonal P-wave morphology in patients with lone PAF, indicating the possibility of an inter-atrial conduction delay, while conventional P-wave duration analysis failed to discriminate between the two groups.
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| 34. |
- Ponnikas, Suvi, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme variation in recombination rate and genetic diversity along the Sylvioidea neo-sex chromosome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 31:13, s. 3566-3583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombination strongly impacts sequence evolution by affecting the extent of linkage and the efficiency of selection. Here, we study recombination over the Z chromosome in great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) using pedigree-based linkage mapping. This species has extended Z and W chromosomes (“neo-sex chromosomes”) formed by a fusion between a part of chromosome 4A and the ancestral sex chromosomes, which provides a unique opportunity to assess recombination and sequence evolution in sex-linked regions of different ages. We assembled an 87.54 Mbp and 90.19 cM large Z with a small pseudoautosomal region (0.89 Mbp) at one end and the fused Chr4A-part at the other end of the chromosome. A prominent feature in our data was an extreme variation in male recombination rate along Z with high values at both chromosome ends, but an apparent lack of recombination over a substantial central section, covering 78% of the chromosome. The nonrecombining region showed a drastic loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of repeats compared to the recombining parts. Thus, our data emphasize a key role of recombination in affecting local levels of polymorphism. Nonetheless, the evolutionary rate of genes (dN/dS) did not differ between high and low recombining regions, suggesting that the efficiency of selection on protein-coding sequences can be maintained also at very low levels of recombination. Finally, the Chr4A-derived part showed a similar recombination rate as the part of the ancestral Z that did recombine, but its sequence characteristics reflected both its previous autosomal, and current Z-linked, recombination patterns.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Schmidt, Amand F., et al.
(författare)
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Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. Methods: Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration. Results: The PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer's disease - outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable. Conclusions: Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.
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| 37. |
- Sigeman, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Avian Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveal Dynamics of Recombination Suppression and W Degeneration
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 38:12, s. 5275-5291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How the avian sex chromosomes first evolved from autosomes remains elusive as 100 million years (My) of divergence and degeneration obscure their evolutionary history. The Sylvioidea group of songbirds is interesting for understanding avian sex chromosome evolution because a chromosome fusion event similar to 24 Ma formed "neo-sex chromosomes" consisting of an added (new) and an ancestral (old) part. Here, we report the complete female genome (ZW) of one Sylvioidea species, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). Our long-read assembly shows that the added region has been translocated to both Z and W, and whereas the added-Z has retained its gene order the added-W part has been heavily rearranged. Phylogenetic analyses show that recombination between the homologous added-Z and -W regions continued after the fusion event, and that recombination suppression across this region took several million years to be completed. Moreover, recombination suppression was initiated across multiple positions over the added-Z, which is not consistent with a simple linear progression starting from the fusion point. As expected following recombination suppression, the added-W show signs of degeneration including repeat accumulation and gene loss. Finally, we present evidence for nonrandom maintenance of slowly evolving and dosage-sensitive genes on both ancestral- and added-W, a process causing correlated evolution among orthologous genes across broad taxonomic groups, regardless of sex linkage.
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| 38. |
- Westerdahl, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic architecture of the passerine MHC region : high repeat content and contrasting evolutionary histories of single copy and tandemly duplicated MHC genes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 22:6, s. 2379-2395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is of central importance to the immune system, and an optimal MHC diversity is believed to maximize pathogen elimination. Birds show substantial variation in MHC diversity, ranging from few genes in most bird orders to very many genes in passerines. Our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of the MHC in passerines is hampered by lack of data on genomic organization. Therefore, we assembled and annotated the MHC genomic region of the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), using long-read sequencing and optical mapping. The MHC region is large (>5.5 Mb), characterized by structural changes compared to hitherto investigated bird orders and shows higher repeat content than the genome average. These features were supported by analyses in three additional passerines. MHC genes in passerines are found in two different chromosomal arrangements, either as single copy MHC genes located among non-MHC genes, or as tandemly duplicated tightly linked MHC genes. Some single copy MHC genes are old and putative orthologues among species. In contrast tandemly duplicated MHC genes are monophyletic within species and have evolved by simultaneous gene duplication of several MHC genes. Structural differences in the MHC genomic region among bird orders seem substantial compared to mammals and have possibly been fuelled by clade-specific immune system adaptations. Our study provides methodological guidance in characterizing complex genomic regions, constitutes a resource for MHC research in birds, and calls for a revision of the general belief that avian MHC has a conserved gene order and small size compared to mammals.
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| 39. |
- Widmark Jensen, Emmelie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of risks and benefits with breast reduction in the public healthcare system: priorities for further research
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2482. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is no consensus for when publicly funded breast reduction is indicated and recommendations in guidelines vary greatly, indicating a lack of evidence and unequal access. The primary aim of this review was to examine risks and benefits of breast reduction to treat breast hypertrophy. Secondary aims were to examine how the studies defined breast hypertrophy and indications for a breast reduction. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE All, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo. The included articles were critically appraised, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Meta-analyses were performed when possible. Results Fifteen articles were included; eight reporting findings from four randomised controlled trials, three non-randomised controlled studies, three case series, and one qualitative study. Most studies had serious study limitations and problems with directness. Few of the studies defined breast hypertrophy. The studies showed significantly improved health-related quality of life and sexuality-related outcomes in patients who had undergone breast reduction compared with controls, as well as reduced depressive symptoms, levels of anxiety and pain. Most effect sizes exceeded the reported minimal important difference for the scale. Certainty of evidence for the outcomes above is low (GRADE⊕⊕). Although four studies reported significantly improved physical function, the effect is uncertain (very low certainty of evidence, GRADE⊕). None of the included studies reported data regarding work ability or sick leave. Three case series reported a 30-day mortality of zero. Reported major complications after breast reduction ranged from 2.4 to 14% and minor complications from 2.4 to 69%. Conclusion There is a lack of high-quality studies evaluating the results of breast reduction. A breast reduction may have positive psychological and physical effects for women, but it is unclear which women benefit the most and which women should be offered a breast reduction in the public healthcare system. Several priorities for further research have been identified. Pre-registration The study is based on a Health Technology Assessment report, pre-registered and then published on the website of The Regional HTA Centre of Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
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| 40. |
- Winerdal, Malin E., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary Bladder Cancer Tregs Suppress MMP2 and Potentially Regulate Invasiveness
- 2018
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Ingår i: CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 2326-6066 .- 2326-6074. ; 6:5, s. 528-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) have long been considered one-sided suppressors of antitumor immune responses and hence associated with poor patient outcome in cancer. However, evidence is mounting of a paradoxical positive prognostic effect of Tregs on certain malignancies, including urinary bladder cancer (UBC). This discrepancy has partly been attributed to the shear misidentification of Tregs, but also to the inflammatory profile of the tumor. Our aim was to determine whether tumor-infiltrating Forkhead box P3+ (FOXP3+) cells confer a stable Treg phenotype and to investigate putative beneficial Treg functions, focusing on tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways in UBC. Patients (n = 52) with suspected UBC were prospectively included. We show, by using a broad range of analytical approaches, that tumor-infiltrating CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in UBC phenotypically, functionally, and epigenetically represent a true Treg population. At the invasive front of UBC tumors, we found an inverse relationship between Treg frequency and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), a key proinvasive factor induced by tumor-promoting inflammation. Correspondingly, a significant, dose-dependent Treg-mediated downregulation of MMP2 protein and mRNA expression was observed in both macrophages and UBC cells. Also, we found that Treg frequency specifically at the invasive front positively correlated with survival. Thus, we identify Treg-mediated suppression of MMP2 in the tumor microenvironment as a mechanism explaining the paradoxical positive prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating Tregs in UBC.
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| 41. |
- Zhang, Hongkai, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of Site-Specific and Male-Biased Germline Mutation Rate in a Wild Songbird
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome Biology and Evolution. - 1759-6653. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Germline mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation and the raw material for organismal evolution. Despite their significance, the frequency and genomic locations of mutations, as well as potential sex bias, are yet to be widely investigated in most species. To address these gaps, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 12 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in a pedigree spanning 3 generations to identify single-nucleotide de novo mutations (DNMs) and estimate the germline mutation rate. We detected 82 DNMs within the pedigree, primarily enriched at CpG sites but otherwise randomly located along the chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed a pronounced sex bias in DNM occurrence, with male warblers exhibiting three times more mutations than females. After correction for false negatives and adjusting for callable sites, we obtained a mutation rate of 7.16 × 10−9 mutations per site per generation (m/s/g) for the autosomes and 5.10 × 10−9 m/s/g for the Z chromosome. To demonstrate the utility of species-specific mutation rates, we applied our autosomal mutation rate in models reconstructing the demographic history of the great reed warbler. We uncovered signs of drastic population size reductions predating the last glacial period (LGP) and reduced gene flow between western and eastern populations during the LGP. In conclusion, our results provide one of the few direct estimates of the mutation rate in wild songbirds and evidence for male-driven mutations in accordance with theoretical expectations.
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| 42. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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