| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Baldetorp, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducibility in DNA flow cytometric analysis of breast cancer: comparison of 12 laboratories' results for 67 sample homogenates
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cytometry. - : Wiley. - 0196-4763 .- 1097-0320. ; 22:2, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis yields information on ploidy status and the S-phase fraction (SPF), variables of prognostic importance in breast cancer. The clinical value of the SPF is currently being evaluated in prospective randomized trials. The widespread use of FCM DNA analysis emphasizes the importance of reproducibility (both intra- and interlaboratory). In this study, 67 nuclear suspensions of breast cancer samples were analyzed by 12 laboratories routinely performing FCM DNA analysis in breast cancer. No general guidelines were imposed; each laboratory used its own standard protocols. For DNA ploidy status (diploid vs. non-diploid), agreement was complete for 79% (53/67) of the samples, compared with 64% (43/67) of samples when tetraploidy was considered [i.e., euploid (diploid+tetraploid) vs. aneuploid (the remaining non-diploid)]. For the SPF, pairwise comparison of the results of all 12 laboratories yielded a mean Spearman's rank correlation of 0.78 (range: 0.54-0.93). For those 39 samples being categorized in low or high SPF by all laboratories, all agreed in 14 samples (36%). Similar patterns were obtained with kappa measures, agreement being good for ploidy status (diploid vs. non-diploid; overall kappa = 0.87 and 0.74 for euploid vs. aneuploid), but moderate for the SPF [overall kappa = 0.47 (for low SPF vs. high SPF vs. "no SPF reported")]. Discrepancies were chiefly attributable to differences in the categorization of the S-phase values, rather than in FCM procedures, other critical differences being in the detection and interpretation of near-diploid and small non-diploid cell populations, the definition of tetraploidy, and the choice and execution of the method used for S-phase estimation. Based on the observations of this study, detailed guidelines for FCM analysis and interpretation of data are proposed in the Appendix. Some issues remain, however, e.g., to standardize a method for S-phase calculation and tetraploid definition.
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| 4. |
- Bandick, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Inward FDI and demand for skills in manufacturing firms in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 145:1, s. 111-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We observe a substantial increase in foreign ownership in Sweden in the 1990s. Did that have any effect on relative demand for skilled labor? Has technology transfers-often associated with inward FDI-led to an increased demand for skills due to skilled-biased technical change? Are there any grounds for the concerns in the public Swedish debate that more skilled activities have been moved to other countries where the headquarters are located? Estimating relative labor demand at the firm level and using propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation, we obtain support for that relative demand for skilled labor tend to rise in non-multinationals (non-MNEs)-but not in multinationals (MNEs)-that become foreign-owned. Other interesting findings are that larger presence of foreign MNEs in an industry appears to have a positive impact on the relative demand for skills in Swedish MNEs within the same industry and that the elasticity of substitution between skilled and less-skilled labor seems to be lower in MNEs than in non-MNEs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bandick, Roger, 1974-
(författare)
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Multinationals, employment and wages : microeconomic evidence from Swedish manufacturing
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis, consisting of four essays, is to study the effects of multinationals and inward FDI on employment and wage formation in Swedish manufacturing during the 1990s. Paper [1] (co-authored with Patrik Karpaty) investigates the employment effects of foreign acquisitions in acquired firms in Swedish manufacturing during the 1990s. To handle likely endogeneity problems we evaluate the effects of foreign acquisitions on the targeted firms’ employment by combining propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation. We find some evidence of positive employment effects in firms taken over by foreigners and it seems that the employment of skilled labor increases more than that of less-skilled labor. Moreover, we examine whether the employment impact of foreign ownership differs between takeovers of Swedish MNEs and non-MNEs. Our results indicate that the positive employment effects only appear in acquired non-MNEs. Furthermore, we observe shifts in skill intensities toward higher shares of skilled labor in non-MNEs taken over by foreign MNEs, but not in acquired Swedish MNEs. Paper [2] (co-authored with Pär Hansson) investigates whether the increased foreign ownership in Sweden in the 1990s have had any effects on relative demand for skilled labor. Estimating relative labor demand at the firm level and using propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation, we obtain support for relative demand for skilled labor tending to rise in non-multinationals (non-MNEs) but not in multinationals (MNEs) that become foreign owned. Other interesting findings are that a larger presence of foreign MNEs in an industry appears to have a positive impact on the relative demand for skills in Swedish MNEs within the same industry and that the elasticity of substitution between skilled and less-skilled labor seems to be lower in MNEs than in non-MNEs. Paper [3] investigates whether MNEs are more likely than non-MNEs to close down their plants, due to their footloose character. The results from using a panel of all Swedish manufacturing plants over the period 1993 and 2002 suggest that MNE plants, and in particular Swedish MNE plants, have a higher probability of exiting the market than non-MNE plants. The outcome is robust controlling for other variables affecting the survival rates. Among non-MNE plants, the probabilities of exit are higher in non-exporting firms than in exporting firms. Moreover, the increased foreign presence in Swedish manufacturing seems, due to intensified competition, to have led to the higher exit rates of plants in non-exporting non-MNEs. Plants of globally engaged indigenous firms, such as plants of Swedish MNEs and exporting non-MNEs, appear, on the other hand, to have been unaffected by the increased foreign presence. Paper [4] examines whether MNEs Swedish MNEs and foreign-owned firms pay higher wages than non-MNEs in manufacturing, controlling for firm heterogeneity and individual characteristics. In accordance with the idea that MNEs are superior in performance to other firms, I find that MNEs pay higher wages than non-MNEs, in particular for skilled labor. Yet the MNE wage premium is low; the average wages in MNEs are between 4-7 percent higher than in non-MNEs, while estimates at the individual level reduce the wage premium in MNEs to around 2-3 percent. Higher wages in foreign-owned firms may result from foreign acquisitions of high-wage firms. Alternatively, the acquired firms might have a more favorable wage growth than non-targeted domestically owned firms. My findings only lend support to the hypothesis that foreign firms select high-wage firms (especially non-MNEs) for acquisition.
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| 7. |
- Benford, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Storytelling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children
- 2000. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the iterative design of two collaborative storytelling technologies for young children, KidPad and the Klump. We focus on the idea of designing interfaces to subtly encourage collaboration so that children are invited to discover the added benefits of working together. This idea has been motivated by our experiences of using early versions of our technologies in schools in Sweden and the UK. We compare the approach of encouraging collaboration with other approaches to synchronizing shared interfaces. We describe how we have revised the technologies to encourage collaboration and to reflect design suggestions made by the children themselves.
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| 8. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Crustacea : Kräftdjur - crustaceans
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010. - Uppsala : ArtDatabanken, SLU. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 487-493
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Bjälkebring, Pär, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Helping Out or Helping Yourself? Volunteering and Life Satisfaction Across the Retirement Transition : Supplemental Material
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 36:1, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 American Psychological Association. It has been suggested that volunteering leads to increases in well-being, particularly in older and retiring adults, and that volunteering could be used as a public health intervention to increase well-being. However, the causal relationship has been questioned. We investigated the association between voluntary work and life satisfaction in a bivariate dual-change score model, using 4 years of longitudinal data from 1,123 participants from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Both the frequency of volunteering and the level of life satisfaction increased across the retirement transition. However, baseline life satisfaction and volunteering were only marginally associated. Further, the coupling parameters suggest that higher levels of volunteering were followed by decreases in life satisfaction and that higher levels of life satisfaction were followed by increases in volunteering. These findings suggest that increasing levels of volunteering might not be a fruitful strategy for improving life satisfaction for all older adults-if people engage too much in voluntary work, it might even be detrimental for their life satisfaction. More research is needed to better understand when and for whom increased levels of volunteering might have positive effects on life satisfaction.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bullock, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Designing interactive collaborative environments
- 2001. - 2
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Ingår i: Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Places and Spaces for Interaction. - : Springer. - 1852332441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe our experiences of creating and using a wide variety of techniques and applications to support collaboration in virtual environments for different activities and user groups. Our aim is to offer plentiful and rich possibilities for interaction across and between both real and virtual environments.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Are workers more vulnerable in tradable industries?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 152:2, s. 283-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced trade barriers and lower costs of transportation and information have meant that a growing part of the economy has been exposed to international trade. In particular, this is the case in the service sector. We divide the service sector into a tradable and a non-tradable part using an approach to identify tradable industries utilizing a measure of regional concentration of production. We examine whether the probability of displacement is higher and income losses after displacement greater for workers in tradable services and manufacturing (tradable) than in non-tradable services. We also analyze whether the probability of re-employment is higher for workers displaced from tradable services and manufacturing than from non-tradable services. We find that in the 2000s the probability of displacement is relatively high in tradable services in comparison to non-tradable services and manufacturing. On the other hand, the probability of re-employment is higher for those displaced from tradable services. The largest income losses are found for those who had been displaced from manufacturing. Interestingly, the income losses of those displaced from manufacturing seems mainly to be due to longer spells of non-employment, whereas for those displaced in tradable services lower wages in their new jobs compared to their pre-displacement jobs appears to play a larger role.
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| 15. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Do firms learn by exporting or learn to export? : Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises
- 2012
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 39:2, s. 453-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a matching approach, we compare the productivity trajectories of future export-entrants and matched nonentrants. Future exporters have higher productivity than do nonentrants before entry into international markets, which indicates self-selection into exports. More interestingly, we also observe a productivity increase among export-entrants relative to nonentrants before export entry. This might be explained by higher investments in physical capital prior to export entry. We find no evidence that the productivity gap between export-entrants and nonentrants continues to grow after export entry. Our results suggest that learning to export occurs but that learning by exporting does not. In contrast to previous studies on Swedish manufacturing, we focus particularly on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
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| 16. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of foreign acquisitions on R&D and high-skill activities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 49:1, s. 163-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish microdata, we find no evidence for the concerns circulating in the public debate that foreign acquisitions lead to reductions in both R&D expenditures and high-skilled activities in targeted domestic firms for either MNEs or non-MNEs. Previous studies have only focused on larger firms. In this paper, we are able to study the impact on smaller firms (fewer than 50 employees), which is important because 90% of the firms acquired meet this criterion. For this group of firms, there is no information on R&D, but by using the register of educational attainment, we obtain data on the share of high skilled labor in all Swedish firms irrespective of size. Interestingly, we find that among smaller firms, foreign enterprises tend to acquire high-productive, skill-intensive firms (cherry-picking). After the acquisitions, skill upgrading appears in acquired smaller, non-MNE firms, particularly in the service sector.
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| 17. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Funktionell specialisering inom multinationella företag i svenskt näringsliv
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Lund : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 49:1, s. 28-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De globala värdekedjornas ökade betydelse och en tilltagande fragmentering av produktionsprocesserna har påverkat näringslivets specialisering i Sverige, såväl på nationell som på regional nivå. Detta är en utveckling som man kan lägga märke till inom de multinationella företagen. I denna artikel diskuteras vilka specialiseringsmönster som observeras inom dessa företag och i vad mån ökad funktionell specialisering och expansion utomlands bidragit till ökade eko-nomiska skillnader mellan regioner.
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| 18. |
- Eliasson, Kent, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Jobs and exposure to international trade within the service sector in Sweden
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The service sector is very heterogeneous with respect to internationalization; in some industries there is international trade (or it may potentially exist), whereas other industries are non-tradable. Data on international trade in services is, however, typically very limited, making it difficult to identify in which industries there are international trade. In this paper, we partially surmount the problems with insufficient service trade statistics by calculating locational Ginis for different industries in the private business sector as well as in the public sector. The basic idea is that from the regional concentration of different activities within a country one can identify industries where there appears to be regional trade, and hence also a potential for international trade. Based on our method we find that the number of employed in tradable service appears to be at least as large as in the manufacturing sector. Remarkably, a larger share of the skilled labor exposed to international trade is working in the service sector than in manufacturing, while a majority of the less skilled labor working in tradable industries is employed in manufacturing. When it comes to employment growth, we observe that the employment has increased in tradable service, while it has fallen in the manufacturing sector (the whole sector is regarded as tradable).
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| 19. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Jobs and exposure to international trade within the service sector in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 35:5, s. 578-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish in which service industries there is international trade (or it may potentially exist), we calculate locational Ginis for different industries. The basic idea is that from this measure of regional concentration of different activities within a country we can identify industries where there appears to be regional trade, and hence also a potential for international trade. Based on our method, we find that: (i) the number of employed in tradable service appears to be at least as large as in the manufacturing sector, (ii) tradable service is much more skill intensive than manufacturing, and (iii) lately, the employment in tradable service has increased substantially. We argue that the last mentioned result is consistent with the substantial growth of skilled labour in Sweden since the mid-1990s (Rybczynski effect) and factors leading to increased relative demand for skilled labour. Particularly, increased competition from and offshoring to low-wage countries seem recently to have had a considerable impact on the creation of skilled jobs and the displacement of less skilled jobs in the tradable sector in Sweden. Furthermore, we apply a similar method as for industries to identify tradable occupations. Using our classification of tradable industries and tradable occupations in a Mincer type wage equation, we find that workers in such industries and occupations receive a wage premia of 1213 per cent.
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| 20. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of employment, skills, and tasks within MNEs associated with offshoring
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 45:4, s. 944-970
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the relationship between relative demands for skills, non-routine, and non-offshorable tasks in Swedish MNE parents (onshore) and their employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore). Our estimations suggest that increased employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore) result in higher relative demand for skills and larger shares of non-routine tasks performed by employed that are highly educated in the parents at home (onshore). However, we do not find any evidence for that the share of non-offshorable tasks rises in the parents of Swedish MNEs when employment shares increase in their affiliates overseas. Furthermore, we estimate the relationships between absolute employment onshore (skilled and less-skilled labour) and employment in affiliates offshore (high- and low-income countries). Increased employment in affiliates in low-income countries relates negatively to the employment of less-skilled workers in manufacturing MNE parents (substitute), whereas increased employment in affiliates in high-income countries correlates positively with the employment of skilled workers in service MNE parents (complement).
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| 21. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturomvandling och omställningspolitik i svenskt näringsliv
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Lund : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 49:5, s. 50-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under efterkrigstiden har den svenska ekonomin genomgått en betydande strukturomvandling. Den har bidragit till en ansenlig tillväxt i BNP per capita, men har också inneburit kostnader för de individer som på grund av dessa omställningar har blivit av med sina jobb. I denna artikel beskrivs den strukturomvandling som skett framför allt sedan 1990-talet och vilka kostnader den har inneburit på individnivå. Slutligen diskuteras om det omställningssystem som finns för att hantera dessa är ändamålsenligt.
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| 22. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Tjänsteexporten allt viktigare för Sverige
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 39:7, s. 28-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den svenska utrikeshandeln domineras av varuhandeln. Endast runt 30 procent av den totala exporten utgörs av export av tjänster, medan tjänstesektorns andel av BNP eller av den totala sysselsättningen är avsevärt större än tillverkningsindustrins. Tjänsteexporten har emellertid på senare år vuxit snabbare än varuexporten och det finns, som redogörs för i uppsatsen, anledning att hävda att tjänstehandelns betydelse i förhållande till varuhandeln underskattas. I uppsatsen analyseras hur det internationella specialiseringsmönstret ser ut inom den svenska tjänstesektorn och dessutom diskuteras det ökade samspelet mellan varu- ochtjänsteproducerande sektorer. Slutligen argumenteras för att tjänstehandeln behöver belysas bättre i den ekonomiska statistiken.
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| 23. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Utländska uppköp : hot eller möjlighet?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen / Swedish Economic Society. - 0345-2646. ; 45:7, s. 41-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Är anställda i branscher exponerade för internationell handel mer sårbara?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 43:1, s. 40-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minskade handelshinder och lägre kostnader för transporter och information har inneburit att en växande del av ekonomin har exponerats för internationell handel. I denna artikel delar vi in ekonomin i tre delar – tillverkningsindustri, exponerad och icke-exponerad tjänstesektor – och jämför kostnaderna av att bli av med jobbet i dessa. Kostnaderna kan exempelvis bestå av perioder av arbetslöshet eller lägre lön i det nya arbetet jämfört med i det gamla. Vi finner att dessa kostnader är högre i branscher som är exponerade för internationell handel, framför allt för dem som har friställts inom tillverkningsindustrin.
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| 25. |
- Eliasson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Är exportfrämjandet motiverat?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 38:1, s. 31-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enligt handelsminister Ewa Björling är handels- och investeringsfrämjande åtgärder avgörande för att säkra Sveriges position som en framgångsrik handelsnation och en viktig spelare på den globala marknaden. Hon menar också att i tider av ekonomisk oro, när den globala handeln minskar, blir handels- och investeringsfrämjandet än mer angeläget (Ds 2009:35, s 7–8). I denna artikel diskuteras vilka samhällsekonomiska motiv som kan ligga bakom exportfrämjande åtgärder och huruvida det finns empiriskt stöd för sådana. Vår slutsats är att även om det finns både teoretiska argument och empiriska belägg för att offentligt finansierade satsningar på exportfrämjande åtgärder har effekt, överskattas sannolikt dessa insatsers betydelse.
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| 26. |
- Fahlén, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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The Mimoid and Blob
- 1998. - 6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Gustavsson Tingvall, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Technology, resource endowments and international competitiveness
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 43:8, s. 1501-1530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper evaluates the impact of technology together with resource endowments, factor prices and economies of scale on international competitiveness in OECD countries. Knowledge capital stocks are obtained by cumulating R&D expenditure. Results show that competitiveness is determined not only by the R&D activity of the representative firm, but also by total R&D in the domestic industry as well as economywide stocks of knowledge, indicating the presence of local externalities. Competitiveness is also affected by factor prices and resource endowments as well as scale economies and learning by doing. Further results point to the importance of economies of scale in R&D internal to the firm, of the degree of openness for the capacity to utilize global spillovers and of investment for introduction of embodied technical progress. Finally, the R&D impact is higher in high- and medium- than in low-tech industries.
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| 30. |
- Hallberg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C vs creatinine as markers of renal function in patients on digoxin treatment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 109:3, s. 247-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The kidney function is a major determinant of the serum concentration of digoxin as this drug is mainly eliminated unchanged through the kidneys. Since digoxin is widely prescribed among the elderly, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age, it is important that the clinician takes the patient's GFR into account when prescribing digoxin. Serum cystatin C has been suggested to be superior to creatinine for estimation of GFR, which may have relevance for the optimization of treatment with digoxin. METHODS: To evaluate which of the two GFR markers serum creatinine and serum cystatin C that best correlates with serum digoxin, we compared the serum levels of digoxin with the serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C in 149 patients on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin at our hospital. RESULTS: Overall, there was a stronger correlation between serum digoxin concentrations and cystatin C (p=0.00001) as compared to creatinine (p= 0.00003). Interestingly, of the patients with a serum digoxin concentration > or = 1.5 nmol/L, 29% had a serum creatinine level within normal limits, as compared to 20% with normal cystatin C levels. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, serum cystatin C correlated better to serum digoxin than did serum creatinine. With improved GFR monitoring, digoxin concentrations should be better controlled.
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| 31. |
- Hamdan, Mohammed, 1978-
(författare)
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Effects of temperature and terrestrial carbon on primary production in lake ecosystems
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate warming is predicted to affect northern lake food webs in two ways: (1)directly via changes in water temperature and ice conditions, and (2) indirectlyvia changes in catchment characteristics and processes that influence input ofallochthonous coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and nutrients. Input ofcDOM increases carbon dioxide (CO2) availability, causes brownification andreduced light conditions, and may increase nutrient availability especially forpelagic primary producers. Increased water temperature and light penetrationand longer ice-free periods affect metabolic rates. These changes are expected toinfluence gross primary production (GPP) and growth of higher trophic levels.However, majority of studies focus on pelagic processes and net effects at wholelake scale is not well understood. Consequently, the lack of knowledge of whatfactors control benthic GPP makes predictions of net effects of climate change onwhole-ecosystem GPP spurious. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally testeffects of warming and increased input of allochthonous cDOM on habitatspecific and whole-ecosystem GPP in lakes. First, by manipulating the CO2concentrations in large scale pond ecosystems, we showed that increased CO2stimulated whole-ecosystem GPP. In a separate incubation study with naturallake sediments in a boreal lake, we tested the role of CO2 as a limiting factor forbenthic GPP under different light levels. The results showed that CO2 supplystimulated benthic GPP at high but not at low light availability, suggesting thatbenthic GPP can be CO2-limited. In the same experimental pond ecosystems, thecombined effect of increased allochthonous cDOM and warming (+3.5°C) on GPPwas studied. The results showed that cDOM input decreases whole-ecosystemGPP, mainly as a result of decreased benthic GPP due to light limitation not fullycounteracted by an increase in pelagic GPP under ambient conditions. Warmingon the other caused a hump shaped increase in whole-ecosystem GPP withincreasing cDOM input mainly due to a positive response in pelagic GPP due torelaxed nutrient limitation. Finally, by manipulating the fish consumer biomassin the same experimental pond ecosystems we showed that whole-ecosystem GPPcan be controlled by top-down effects under warm (+ 3.0°C) but not ambienttemperature conditions. The decline in whole-ecosystem GPP was mainlyattributed to a warming-stimulated consumer-driven trophic cascade in thepelagic habitat and top-down control by zooplankton on phytoplankton growth,while no corresponding cascade was evident in the benthic habitat.Taken together, the results suggest that climate change impacts, as increasinginputs of cDOM, warming and changes in food webs, have different effects onhabitat specific GPP and alone or in combination have impacts on whole-lakeGPP. This thesis offers important insights to better understand the factors thatcontrol lake GPP and to predict future lake ecosystem responses to environmentalchange.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hansson, Mats G., et al.
(författare)
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MIND THE RISK · DEN GENETISKA RISKINFORMATIONENS ETIK FÖR INDIVID OCH SAMHÄLLE : SLUTRAPPORT FRÅN ETT FORSKNINGSPROGRAM
- 2019
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Forskningsprogrammet "Mind the risk: Den genetiska riskinformationens etik för individ och samhälle" tilldelades anslag från Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond 2013. Målet var att analysera etiska aspekter av genetisk riskinformation inom vården: ett fält som på senare år utvecklats i rasande takt. I dag kan både enskilda och sjukvården ta reda på genetiska risker och förutsättningar. Forskare från flera länder har inom programmet analyserat debatten och hur patienter, sjukvårdspersonal och anhöriga ser på etiska dilemman inom den nya genetiska medicinen. Detta är programmets slutrapport.
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| 34. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
A new framework for testing the effect of government spending on growth and productivity
- 1994
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Ingår i: Public Choice. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0048-5829 .- 1573-7101. ; 81:3-4, s. 381-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does government spending have a positive or negative effect on economic growth? The results of earlier empirical studies give mixed results. In this study we suggest a new method for testing the effect of different kinds of government expenditure on productivity growth in the private sector. The focus on productivity in the private sector and the use of disaggregated data makes it possible to avoid or mitigate a number of methodological problems.The major conclusions, which are quite robust, are that government transfers, consumption and total outlays have consistently negative effects, while educational expenditure has a positive effect, and government investment has no effect on private productivity growth.The impact is also found to work solely through total factor productivity and not via the marginal productivity of labor and capital.
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| 35. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Catching up in industrialized countries : a disaggregated study
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of International Trade and Economic Development. - : Routledge. - 0963-8199 .- 1469-9559. ; 3:2, s. 129-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we test whether catching up, the hypothesis that there is technological spillover from leaders to followers, is still important among industrialized countries. Since the USA is no longer the technological leader in many industries and since catching up, if it still exists, may not operate uniformly across different industries, a disaggregated study is more appropriate. A testable model is developed and a number of tests for the existence of catching up are performed. A major improvement on previous tests is that the level of technology is measured in terms of total factor productivity. The two major conclusions, which are quite robust, are that after 1970 there is no catching-up effect left in the tradables sector, while catching up is found for industries in the nontradables sector.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative costs and elasticities of substitution as determinants of inter- and intra-industry trade
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Intra-industry trade. - Basington : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 0333475143 ; , s. 31-50
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-industry trade, i.e. the simultaneous imports and exports of the same statistical product group, has become an increasingly important part of world trade, in particular in the exchange of goods among developed countries (for a survey of findings see Tharakan, 1983). This fact has initiated empirical research on the causes of intra-industry trade. Attempts to explain differences in the share of intra-industry trade of total trade among different industries or product groups in terms of characteristics of the product or the market have been made, e.g. for the UK by Greenaway and Milner (1984), for the US by Toh (1982) and Bergstrand (1983), and for a sample of developed economies by Finger and De Rosa (1979), Loertscher and Wolter (1980) and Caves (1981). The explanatory variables used in these studies are generally assumed to capture some aspect of the concept of product differentiation. They include measures based on the statistical classification itself (e.g. subdivisions of the SITC or the BTN), as well as R&D costs, advertising expenditures, product age and measures of concentration and economies of scale. The basic hypothesis is that the higher the degree of product differentiation in an industry, the more intra-industry trade there will be.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Do rich countries grow more slowly?
- 1992
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Ingår i: Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Quarterly Review. - Stockholm : Skandinaviska enskilda banken. - 0347-3139. ; 21:1-2, s. 3-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effekter av direktinvesteringar på svenskt näringsliv
- 2020
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten visar att multinationella företag spelar en betydelsefull roll för globaliseringen av svenskt näringsliv, såväl nationellt som regionalt. De multinationella företagens fragmentering, funktionella specialisering och offshoring leder till effektivitetsvinster och tillväxt men också till regionala skillnader.
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| 42. |
- Hansson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Exports as an indicator on or promoter of successful Swedish manufacturing firms in the 1990s
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 140:3, s. 415-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the link between exports and productivity at the firm level. Like in previous studies we get support for the hypothesis that more productive firms self-select into the export market. In addition, and contrary to many of the former studies, we also obtain evidence that exporting further increases firm productivity. Exporting firms appear to have significantly higher productivity than nonexporting. Moreover, exporters—mainly firms that increase their export intensities—have higher output growth than nonexporters. Reallocation of resources between firms may then have contributed to overall manufacturing productivity growth. Hence, we try to quantify the importance of reallocation.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Internationalisering och produktivitet
- 1992
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 20:1, s. 39-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-
(författare)
-
Intra-industry trade: measurements, determinants and growth : a study of Swedish foreign trade
- 1989
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The conclusions are that a traditional factor proportions model seems neither theoretically nor empirically to explaing IIT. However, a relaxation of the assumption of homogeneous products in an industry gives rise to several implications for IIT. Industry characteristics such as an industry’s factor intensity and the degree of product differentiation play important roles. The more extreme an industry is with regard to factor intensity, i.e., if an industry is very capital or very labor intensive, the smaller IIT is in that industry. The more differentiated the products, the less the elasticity of substitution in demand between different products in an industry, the larger the IIT. In order to test the latter, a new measure of product differentiation closely related to the concept in the theoretical model is developed. Furthermore, similarity in relative factor endowments in the trading countries and transaction costs - tariffs and transport costs - influence IIT. The more similar the relative factor endowments, the larger the IIT. The less the transaction costs, the greater the IIT.
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| 47. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Location of R&D within Swedish Multinational Enterprises
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report analyzes factors that affect the localization of research and development (R&D) within Swedish-owned multinational enterprises in different countries (including Sweden). It also aims to investigate how Sweden is positioned with regard to these factors in an international perspective.
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| 48. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional lokalisering av näringslivets forskning och utveckling
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utgifterna för forskning och utveckling (FoU) inom det svenska näringslivet är starkt koncentrerat till ett fåtal regioner och koncerner. I rapporten beskrivs i vilka branscher och regioner det sker mest FoU och hur utvecklingen har sett ut över tid. Dessutom analyseras vilka faktorer som är betydelsefulla för den regionala lokaliseringen (funktionella arbetsmarknadsregioner, FA-regioner).
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| 49. |
- Hansson, Pär, 1957-
(författare)
-
Relative demand for skills in Swedish manufacturing : trade or technology?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Review of International Economics. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0965-7576 .- 1467-9396. ; 8:3, s. 533-555
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rate of change in the share of skilled labor has increased steadily over the past 35 years in Swedish manufacturing. A closer inspection of the period after 1970 indicates that, while relative supply changes of skilled labor seem to have been the main driving force behind the growing skill shares in manufacturing industries over the period 1970-85, an acceleration in the relative demand for skills appears to have propelled higher skill shares during the late 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s. Consistent with such a development is the finding of an increasing degree of complementarity between knowledge capital and skilled labor, and that Swedish manufacturing firms, in recent years, have invested heavily in R and D. There is also some support for the belief that intensified competition from the South has increased the relative demand for skilled labor. However, the impact appears to be small and essentially driven by the textile industry.
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| 50. |
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