| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kaerlev, L, et al.
(author)
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Occupational risk factors for small bowel carcinoid tumor: A European population-based case-control study
- 2002
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 44:6, s. 516-522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC) is a rare disease of unknown etiology bill with all age-, sex-, and place-specific occurrence that may indicate an occupational origin. A European multicenter population-based case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident SBC cases between 35 and 69 years of age (n = 101) were identified, together with 3335 controls sampled from the catchment area of the cases. Histological review performed by a reference pathologist left 99 cases for study; 84 cases and 2070 population controls were interviewed. The industries most closely associated (a twofold or more odds ratio [OR]) with SBC taking into account a 10-year time lag after exposure were, among women, employment in wholesale industry of food and beverages (OR, 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.9 to 34.9]) and among men, manufacture of motor vehicle bodies (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 22.4), footwear (OR, 3.9: 95% CI, 0.9 to 16.1), and metal structures (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 10.4). The identified high-risk occupations with all OR above 2 were shoemakers, structural metal preparers, construction painters and other construction workers. bookkeepers, machine fitters, and welders (men). The OR for regular occupational use of organic. solvents for at least half a year was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.2). Exposure to rust-preventive paint containing lead was suggested as another potential occupational exposure (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 107). This explorative study suggests an association between certain occupational exposures and SBC, bill some of these associations could be attributable to chance. All findings should be regarded as tentative.
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| 4. |
- Kaerlev, L, et al.
(author)
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The importance of smoking and medical history for development of small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study
- 2002
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 13:1, s. 27-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Little is known about the etiology of small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC), but a few studies have pointed to certain medical and lifestyle factors as potential risk factors. This study aims to evaluate these findings and to identify new associations. Methods: A population-based European multicenter case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident histologically verified 35-69 year-old SBC cases (n = 99) and 3335 controls were recruited; 84 cases and 2070 controls were interviewed. Results: Ever being a smoker was associated with SBC (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2) and increased risk estimates were seen for all smoking categories. SBC was associated with previous gallstone disease and ovariectomy, but only when these conditions occurred within two years prior to the SBC diagnosis. No association was seen for a history of cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, ulcerative disease, or Crohn's disease. Intake of alcoholic beverages - as well as medical treatments with radioactive substances, hormones, or corticosteroid tablets - were not associated with SBC. Conclusions: This study indicates that tobacco smoking is a risk factor for SBC. The associations with gallstone and ovarian diseases may be due to enhanced medical surveillance during the early phase of the cancer disease.
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| 5. |
- Morales, MM, et al.
(author)
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Viral infection, atopy and mycosis fungoides : A European multicentre case-control study
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 39:4, s. 511-516
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare disease with an unknown aetiology, although it has been suggested that infections may play a role. The present study investigates whether infections, atopic disorders and some other diseases are risk indicators for MF. A European multicentre case-control study involving seven rare cancers, including MF, was conducted from 1995 to 1998. Patients between 35 and 69 years of age diagnosed with MF (n=140) were recruited, and the diagnoses were verified by a reference pathologist, who classified 83 cases as definitive and 35 cases as possible, 22 cases were not accepted. Of the 118 accepted cases, 104 patients were interviewed (including 76 definitive cases and 28 possible cases). These 76 definitive cases were used for this study. A common set of controls to serve all case groups were interviewed, representing a total of 4574 controls. The latter included 1008 colon cancer patients and 3566 subjects selected from population registers. Information on infections, skin pathology and clinical history 5 years before the diagnosis of MF was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) derived from logistic regression-modelling, which included gender, age and country. The highest ORs for MF were found in patients who reported a history of psoriasis 5 years before MF was diagnosed (OR 7.2, 95% CI: 3.6-14.5). Urticaria had an OR of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.6-3.6). Infections and atopic diseases were not closely associated with MF. Some diseases correlate to MF. Whether this has a causal background or reflects early diagnostic uncertainty is not known.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Morales-Suarez-Varela, M.M., et al.
(author)
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Occupational exposures and Mycosis Fungoides. A European multicentre case-control study (Europe)
- 2005
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 16:10, s. 1253-1259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is a rare disease with an occurrence indicating that occupational exposures may play a role. To estimate the association between MF and occupational exposures as measured by means of an job-exposure matrix (JEM). Methods: A European multicenter case-control study was conducted from 1995 to 1997 and included seven rare cancers, one of which was MF. Patients between 35 and 69 years of age, diagnosed with MF (n = 140), were recruited and the diagnoses were checked by a reference pathologist who classified 83 cases as definite, 35 cases as possible and 22 cases as not accepted. Among the 118 accepted cases, 104 cases were interviewed, of which 76 were definite cases. We selected population controls and colon cancer controls to serve all seven case groups. Altogether 833 colon cancer controls and 2071 population controls were interviewed. Based on the reported occupational experiences, a team of industrial hygiene specialists identified five potential exposures and developed an JEM. This JEM was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for MF as a function of these exposures. The JEM included aromatic and/or halogenated hydrocarbons (AAHs), chrome (VI) and its salts, electromagnetic radiations, silica and pesticides. Results: Exposures to AHHs (OR 6.3, C.I 2.4-16.7 for male) were associated with a high MF risk. Conclusions: The study supports the hypothesis that some MFs have an occupational etiology but only a small fraction of exposed workers are apparently susceptible since the disease is so rare. © Springer 2005.
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| 8. |
- Morales-Suarez-Varela, M.M., et al.
(author)
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Occupational sun exposure and mycosis fungoides : A european multicenter caseg-control study
- 2006
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 48:4, s. 390-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the association between occupational sun exposure and mycosis fungoides (MF), a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. SUBJECTS and METHODS: A European multicenter case-control study including seven rare cases (one being MF) was conducted between 1995 and 1997. From the 118 accepted cases, 104 were interviewed, of which 76 were definite cases. Population controls were selected randomly from the regions of case ascertainment. Information based on occupational experiences was coded according to industry types. A job exposure matrix was created according to the expected exposure to sunlight. RESULTS: Once exposures to aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons were eliminated (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.9-6.2), a high MF risk was associated with exposures to solar radiation. CONCLUSION: It would appear that workers exposed to sunlight have a higher risk of MF. However, this factor is not the only one involved. Copyright © 2006 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
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| 9. |
- Nordstrom, M, et al.
(author)
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Elevated antibody levels to Epstein-Barr virus antigens in patients with hairy cell leukemia compared to controls in relation to exposure to pesticides, organic solvents, animals, and exhausts
- 1999
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In: Oncology Research. - 0965-0407 .- 1555-3906. ; 11:11-12, s. 539-544
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a B-lymphotropic human herpes virus infecting B-cells, which has been associated with lymphoid malignancies, above all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL. Severe immunosuppression is the best recognized risk factor for NHL, Many factors in the environment that have been described as risk factors for NHL cause measurable changes in immune functions. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, originating from B-lymphocytes, This was a case-control study including 111 male cases with HCL and 400 controls. In a subgroup of 57 cases and 65 controls analysis of antibodies to EBV early antigen, viral capsid antigen, and EBNA-1, measured as P107, was performed. In this study, we confirm other studies describing elevated levels of antibodies to the EBV early antigen (EA) in patients with HCL compared to controls. We found only minor differences in the levels of antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) and EBNA-1, measured as P107. We found a positive association of a titer to EA IgG greater than or equal to 40 (OR 4.1: CI 1.9-9.5). The ORs were further elevated when subjects with high levels of EA IgG and exposed to environmental agents such as organic solvents, certain pesticides, impregnating agents, animals, and exhausts were compared to those subjects with low levels that were not exposed. Antibody reactivity against the EBV EBNA 1-alanine-glycine repeat (P107 IgG) above the median gave an increased OR for HCL, which further increased in subjects exposed to organic solvents, certain pesticides, impregnating agents, animals, and exhausts. However, the numbers of exposed cases and controls were small in some of the calculations.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Schmeisser, N., et al.
(author)
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Occupational exposure to pesticides and bile tract carcinoma in men: results from a European multicenter case-control study
- 2010
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:9, s. 1493-1502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To estimate the associations between occupational exposure to pesticides and extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma in men, a population-based case-control study was carried out. Methods Cases (n = 104), aged 35-70, diagnosed in 1995-1997, were sampled by active reporting systems from hospitals. Controls (n = 1,401) were a random sample of the general male population. Information on occupation and confounding factors was obtained by questionnaires. Exposures were quantified with respect to time, application methods, and use of personal protective equipment. Intensity was evaluated by using a published algorithm which weighted the exposure assigned according to the use of personal protective equipment and mode of application. Logistic regression analyses were conducted adjusted for gallstones, age, and country. Results Being ever exposed to pesticides resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0 [95%-confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.6]. A modestly elevated risk was found for backpack mounted sprayers OR = 1.4 [95% CI 0.7-2.6] and vine farmers OR = 2.5 [95% CI 0.9-7.2]. Using time periods and exposure frequency as intensity measure, no elevated risks were found. The only exception was year of maximum exposure which yielded an OR of 1.6 [95% CI 0.7-3.5]. However, no clear trend was observed in this analysis. Conclusions This study does not rule out that pesticide exposure represents an occupational risk factor for extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma, but no indication of a strong association was observed. Some modes of exposure were weakly, albeit not significantly associated with carcinoma risk. The observed estimates of effects may be influenced by a lack of precise exposure assessment. Different chemical compositions of pesticides were utilized during a long time span of pesticide exposure, and it should be considered that the exposure is assessed with substantial uncertainty that could non-differential and bias results toward the null.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Axelson, Olav, 1937-, et al.
(author)
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Leukemia in childhood and adolescence and exposure to ionizing radiation in homes built from uranium-containing alum shale concrete
- 2002
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In: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 13:2, s. 146-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concerns in Sweden about indoor radon around 1980 prompted measurements of gamma-radiation from the facades of houses to identify those constructed of uranium-containing alum shale concrete, with potentially high radon concentrations. To evaluate any possible risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia from exposure to elevated gamma-radiation in these homes, we identified the acute lymphocytic leukemia cases less than 20 years of age in Sweden during 1980-1989 as well as eight controls per case from the population registry, matching on age, gender, and county. Using the existing measurements, exposure was assessable for 312 cases and 1,418 controls from 151 properly measured municipalities. A conditional logistic odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.9) was obtained for those ever having lived in alum shale concrete houses, with the average exposure exceeding 0.10 microsieverts per hour. Comparing those who ever lived in alum shale concrete houses (divided by higher and lower annual average exposure) with those who never lived in such houses, we found a weak dose-response relation. The results suggest some risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia from indoor ionizing radiation among children and young adults.
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| 14. |
- Belpomme, D., et al.
(author)
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The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens
- 2007
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In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 105:3, s. 414-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have recently proposed that lifestyle-related factors, screening and aging cannot fully account for the present overall growing incidence of cancer. In order to propose the concept that in addition to lifestyle related factors, exogenous environmental factors may play a more important role in carcinogenesis than it is expected, and may therefore account for the growing incidence of cancer, we overview herein environmental factors, rated as certainly or potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We thus analyze the carcinogenic effect of microorganisms (including viruses), radiations (including radioactivity, UV and pulsed electromagnetic fields) and xenochemicals. Chemicals related to environmental pollution appear to be of critical importance, since they can induce occupational cancers as well as other cancers. Of major concerns are: outdoor air pollution by carbon particles associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; indoor air pollution by environmental tobacco smoke, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds such as benzene and 1,3 butadiene, which may particularly affect children, and food pollution by food additives and by carcinogenic contaminants such as nitrates, pesticides, dioxins and other organochlorines. In addition, carcinogenic metals and metalloids, pharmaceutical medicines and cosmetics may be involved. Although the risk fraction attributable to environmental factors is still unknown, this long list of carcinogenic and especially mutagenic factors supports our working hypothesis according to which numerous cancers may in fact be caused by the recent modification of our environment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, M., et al.
(author)
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Soft-tissue sarcomas and exposure to chemical substances : A case-referent study
- 1981
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In: British Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0007-1072. ; 38:1, s. 27-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 1977 several patients were seen with soft-tissue sarcomas and previous exposure to phenoxy acids. This clinical observation resulted in a case-referent (case-control) study being undertaken which showed that exposure to phenoxy acids or chlorophenols, which are chemically related, gave a roughly six-fold increase in the risk for this type of tumor. A further case-referent study of soft-tissue sarcomas has now been performed to confirm these earlier findings and also to obtain further information on the effects of different phenoxy acids. This new investigation gave an increase of the same magnitude in the risk for soft-tissue sarcomas after exposure to phenoxy acids or chlorophenols, but this risk related also to exposure to phenoxy acids free from impurities, such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for brain tumours
- 2002
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In: European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278. ; 11:4, s. 377-386
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 20. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and the risk for testicular cancer
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 27:5, s. 282-290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several western countries during the last decades. According to current hypothesis testicular cancer is initiated during the foetal period and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as some persistent organic pollutants has been of concern. We have previously reported the results for concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and chlordanes in 58 cases with testicular cancer, 61 age-matched controls and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers. In that report, significant increase of odds ratio (OR) was found for sum of PCBs, HCB, trans- and cis-nonachlordane in case mothers. These data have now been further analysed for 37 congeners of PCBs. No significant differences were found among cases and controls. However, case mothers had significantly increased concentrations of a number of PCB congeners. A priori decided grouping of PCBs yielded for oestrogenic PCBs OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-6.0, enzyme-inducing PCBsOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.03-6.5 and toxic equivalents (TEQ) yielded OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8.4. These data further elucidate the role of foetal exposure to different PCB congeners in the aetiology of testicular cancer.
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| 21. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants in relation to testicular cancer risk
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 29:1, s. 228-234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Testicular cancer is the most common tumour type in young men. In Sweden the annual age-adjusted incidence increased significantly by 2.4% during the time period 1984-1993 and during 1994-2003 by 1.4%. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals during the foetal period has been postulated to be a risk factor. In this investigation we studied the concentrations of chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in 58 cases with testicular cancer and 61 age-matched controls. Furthermore, case and control mothers were also asked to participate and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers agreed. No significant differences were found between cases and controls. Case mothers had in general higher concentrations of these chemicals. For the sum of PCBs an odds ratio (OR) = 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-10 was calculated using the median concentration for the controls as cut-off value. For HCB OR = 4.4, CI = 1.7-12 and for PBDE OR = 2.5, 95% Cl = 1.02-6.0 were obtained, whereas OR was not significantly increased for pp'-DDE and sum of chlordanes. The cases were born during a period with high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans. The decline of the increasing incidence of testicular cancer during recent years may reflect decreasing body burden of certain POPs since the 1980s.
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| 22. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes in mothers of men with testicular cancer
- 2003
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In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 111:7, s. 930-934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several countries in the Western world during the last decades. According to current hypothesis, testicular cancer is initiated during the fetal period, and exposure to endocrine disruptors, i.e., xenoestrogens, has been of concern. In this investigation we studied the concentrations of the sum of 38 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordanes, in 61 cases with testicular cancer and 58 age-matched controls. Furthermore, case and control mothers were also asked to participate, and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers agreed. They were of similar age. In cases only the concentration on lipid basis of cis-nonachlordane was significantly increased, whereas case mothers showed significantly increased concentrations of the sum of PCBs, HCB, trans- and cis-nonachlordane, and the sum of chlordanes. Among case mothers the sum of PCBs yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-10 was calculated using the median concentration for the control mothers as cutoff value. For HCB, OR = 4.4 (95% CI, 1.7-12), for trans-nonachlordane, OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 1.5-11), for cis-nonachlordane, OR = 3.1 (95% CI, 1.2-7.8), and for sum of chlordanes, OR = 1.9 (95% CI, 0.7-5.0). No consistent different risk pattern was found for seminoma. or nonseminoma testicular cancer.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures?
- 2003
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In: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 111:14, s. 1704-1706
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures? The yearly age-standardized incidence of NHL increased significantly in Sweden during 1971-1990, for men an average of 3.2% and for women 3.1%. The corresponding figures for 1991-2000 were -0.8% and -0.2%, respectively. A decline of the increasing incidence has also been seen in other countries, such as the United States, Finland, and Denmark. Immunosuppression is one established risk factor for NHL, possibly with interaction with Epstein-Barr virus. Phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols, both pesticides, have been associated with NHL. Use of these chemicals was banned in Sweden in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Also, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, chlordanes, and dioxins have been shown to increase the risk. Exposure of the whole population occurs predominantly through the food chain. Exposure to such chemicals was highest in the 1960s and 1970s. Because of regulation in the 1970s, exposure has declined substantially in the population. The change in incidence of NHL in Sweden and other countries may serve as a good example of how prohibition and limitation of exposure may be reflected in cancer statistics some decades later.
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| 26. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Long-term use of cellular phones and brain tumours : increased risk associated with use for ≥10 years
- 2007
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In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64, s. 626-632
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate brain tumour risk among long-term users of cellular telephones. METHODS: Two cohort studies and 16 case-control studies on this topic were identified. Data were scrutinised for use of mobile phone for > or =10 years and ipsilateral exposure if presented. RESULTS: The cohort study was of limited value due to methodological shortcomings in the study. Of the 16 case-control studies, 11 gave results for > or =10 years' use or latency period. Most of these results were based on low numbers. An association with acoustic neuroma was found in four studies in the group with at least 10 years' use of a mobile phone. No risk was found in one study, but the tumour size was significantly larger among users. Six studies gave results for malignant brain tumours in that latency group. All gave increased odd ratios (OR), especially for ipsilateral exposure. In a meta-analysis, ipsilateral cell phone use for acoustic neuroma was OR = 2.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.3) and OR = 2.0, (1.2 to 3.4) for glioma using a tumour latency period of > or =10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Results from present studies on use of mobile phones for > or =10 years give a consistent pattern of increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma. The risk is highest for ipsilateral exposure.
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| 27. |
- Hardell, L., et al.
(author)
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Meta-analysis of four Swedish case-control studies on exposure to pesticides as risk-factor for soft-tissue sarcoma including the relation to tumour localization and histopathological type
- 1995
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In: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 6:4, s. 847-851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In four previous case-control studies we have shown an association between exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or chlorophenols and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). These chemicals are contaminated by dioxins and dibenzofurans, some of which are known carcinogens in experimental animals. In a meta-analysis of our four studies we studied such exposure including the relation to tumour localization and histopathological type of STS. In total 434 histopathologically verified STS cases and 948 controls were included. Anatomical tumour localization was assessed by scrutinizing medical records for all cases. In the analysis stratification was made for age, vital status and study. Significantly increased risks were obtained for exposure to phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols, odds ratios 2.7 and 3.3, 95% confidence intervals 1.9-4.7 and 1.8-6.1, respectively. The increased risk was independent of histopathological subtype and anatomical site although especially high odds ratios were obtained for body sites close to areas where dermal contact may occur in sprayers. Phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols with their contaminating dioxins and dibenzofurans should be regarded as carcinogenic for STS regardless of tumour localization and histopathological type.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Testicular cancer and occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastics: A case-control study
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 109:3, s. 425-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to polyvinyl chloride. (PVC) plastics as a risk factor for testicular cancer was investigated. In total, 981 cases who were 20-75 years old and had reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during 1993-1997 were included. One matched control from the population registry was used. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire that was supplemented over the phone. Furthermore, an occupational hygienist qualified all exposures. In all, 791 matched pairs completed the questionnaire. Overall exposure to PVC plastics gave the odds ratio (OR)= 1.35, 95% confidence interval (Cl)= 1.06-1.71, increasing with > 10 year latency period to OR= 1.45, 95% Cl = 1.06-1.98. No dose-response relationships were found but rather an inverse relationship with the highest odds ratios in the lowest exposure category. In conclusion, no clear association with testicular cancer and exposure to PVC could be found in our study in contrast to a previous observation.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(author)
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Vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus and cellular telephones
- 2003
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In: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 22:2, s. 124-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cases with tinnitus after using analogue cellular telephones are presented. An increased odds ratio of 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77–6.76, was found for vestibular schwannoma (VS) associated with the use of analogue cell phones. During the time period 1960–1998, the age-standardized incidence of VS in Sweden significantly increased yearly by +2.53% (CI 1.71–3.35). A significant increase in the incidence of VS was only found for the latter of the two time periods 1960–1979 and 1980–1998. For all other brain tumors taken together, the incidence significantly increased yearly by +0.80% (CI 0.59–1.02) for the time period 1960–1998, although the increase was only significant for benign tumors other than VS during 1960–1979.
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| 34. |
- Irigaray, P., et al.
(author)
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Lifestyle-related factors and environmental agents causing cancer : an overview
- 2007
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In: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 61:10, s. 640-658
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing incidence of a variety of cancers after the Second World War confronts scientists with the question of their origin. In Western countries, expansion and ageing of the population as well as progress in cancer detection using new diagnostic and screening tests cannot fully account for the observed growing incidence of cancer. Our hypothesis is that environmental factors play a more important role in cancer genesis than it is usually agreed. (1) Over the last 2-3 decades, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking in men have significantly decreased in Western Europe and North America. (2) Obesity is increasing in many countries, but the growing incidence of cancer also concerns cancers not related to obesity nor to other known lifestyle-related factors. (3) There is evidence that the environment has changed over the time period preceding the recent rise in cancer incidence, and that this change, still continuing, included the accumulation of many new carcinogenic factors in the environment. (4) Genetic susceptibility to cancer due to genetic polymorphism cannot have changed over one generation and actually favours the role of exogenous factors through gene-environment interactions. (5) Age is not the unique factor to be considered since the rising incidence of cancers is seen across all age categories, including children, and adolescents. (6) The fetus is specifically vulnerable to exogenous factors. A fetal exposure during a critical time window may explain why current epidemiological studies may still be negative in adults. We therefore propose that the involuntary exposure to many carcinogens in the environment, including microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and parasites), radiations (radioactivity, UV and pulsed electromagnetic fields) and many xenochemicals, may account for the recent growing incidence of cancer and therefore that the risk attributable to environmental carcinogen may be far higher than it is usually agreed. Of major concern are: outdoor air pollution by carbon particles associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; indoor air pollution by environmental tobacco smoke, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds such as benzene and 1,3 butadiene, which may particularly affect children and food contamination by food additives and by carcinogenic contaminants such as nitrates, pesticides, dioxins and other organochlorines. In addition, carcinogenic metals and metalloids, pharmaceutical medicines and some ingredients and contaminants in cosmetics may be involved. Although the risk fraction attributable to environmental factors is still unknown, this long list of carcinogenic and especially mutagenic factors supports our working hypothesis according to which numerous cancers may in fact be caused by the recent modification of our environment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Lutz, JM, et al.
(author)
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Occupational risks for uveal melanoma results from a case-control study in nine European countries
- 2005
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 16:4, s. 437-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Uveal melanoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis and largely unknown etiology. We studied potential occupational risk factors. Methods A population based case-control study was undertaken during 1995-1997 in nine European countries using population and colon cancer controls with personal interviews. Occupational exposure to sunlight and artificial UV radiation was assessed with a job exposure matrix. In total, 320 uveal melanoma cases were eligible at pathology review, and 292 cases were interviewed, participation 91%. Out of 3357 population controls, 2062 were interviewed, 61%, and out of 1272 cancer controls 1094 were interviewed, 86%. Results Using population controls, occupational exposure to sunlight was not associated with an increased risk (RR=1.24, 95% CI=0.88-1.74), while an excess risk found with use of colon cancer controls was attributed to confounding factors. An excess risk in welders was restricted to the French part of the data. Cooks, RR=2.40; cleaners, RR 2.15; and laundry workers, RR=3.14, were at increased risk of uveal melanoma. Conclusion Our study does overall not support an association between occupational sunlight exposure and risk of uveal melanoma. The finding of an excess risk of eye melanoma in cooks in several European countries is intriguing.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-, et al.
(author)
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Food and nutrient intakes in Swedish diabetic children.
- 1989
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 43:11, s. 801-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Food and energy intakes in diabetic children, 7-9 and 12-14 years of age, were studied by the 7-d record method. The mean duration of diabetes in the younger group was 3.0 years and in the older group 4.2. The children had 3 main meals and 3.4 light meals daily. The median daily number of sandwiches was 7, often offered as snacks. All children used a low-fat margarine, low-fat cheese and low-fat milk. Sweets and diabetic food were seldom used. Of the energy intake protein contributed 18 per cent, fat 32 per cent and carbohydrates 50 per cent, including sucrose 2 per cent. Mean daily intake of fibre was 20 g. Compared to healthy children of the same age and from the same areas of Sweden the diabetics had a more regular meal pattern, their energy intakes did not differ, but the diet of diabetics was lower in fat and sucrose and higher in protein. The mean height, weight and BMI did not differ from healthy children.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Schildt, E. B., et al.
(author)
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Occupational exposures as risk factors for oral cancer evaluated in a Swedish case-control study.
- 1999
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In: Oncology Reports. - 1021-335X. ; 6:2, s. 317-320
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a case-control study with 410 cases and 410 matched controls from the period 1980-1989 we investigated the role of occupations and occupational exposures as risk factors for squamous cell oral cancer. All subjects received a questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. A significantly increased risk was found for pulp industry workers, odds ratio (OR) 4.0 and wood or product workers, OR 5.5. Exposure to chemicals such as phenoxyacetic acids yielded an OR of 1.7. The positive findings in this study may be explained by exposure to chemicals, but need to be verified in further studies.
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| 42. |
- Schildt, E. B., et al.
(author)
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Oral infections and dental factors in relation to oral cancer : A Swedish case-control study
- 1998
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In: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278. ; 7:3, s. 201-206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the role of oral infections, dentition and dental X- rays for oral cancer in a north Swedish population. This case-control study consisted of 410 cases with oral cancer for the period 1980-89 and 410 matched controls. All subjects received a mailed questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant increased risk for oral cancer among individuals reporting problems with recurrent clinical oral infection (odds ratio (OR) 3.8). Separate analyses were made for groups with a clearly stated HSV-1 infection (OR 1.9) and highly suspected HSV-1 infection (OR 3.3) as reported by the subjects. Odds ratios were also calculated for infections in relation to tobacco and alcohol habits. For individuals reporting recurrent infection problems an increased risk was observed in every combination category. Dental factors such as different fillings, dentures and fixed prostheses showed no increased risks. Dental X-ray did not produce an increased OR either. A multivariate analysis suggested that the most important risk factors were oral infections followed by liquor consumption and active smoking.
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| 43. |
- Schildt, EB, et al.
(author)
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Expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 in relation to risk factors in oral cancer - a molecular epidemiological study
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 22:4, s. 861-868
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A group of 133 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas were studied concerning a relationship between exposure factors and tumour biological parameters with a focus on the TP53 gene and p53 protein status. Tumours were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 proteins. The TP53 gene was studied for mutations using PCR amplification of exons 5-9 and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The collected data were correlated to the exposure factors smoking, oral snuff, liquor, oral infections, dental factors, dental X-ray and iron deficiency. When compared with matched controls only oral infections, and reported HSV-infections in particular, gave statistically significant ORs (odds ratio) for all tumours (OR 8.0) as well as for the group of IHC p53 positive tumours (OR 12). No association between smoking and p53 positivity was found (OR 1.0).
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Tondel, Martin, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Increased cancer incidence in north Sweden-an early promoting effect caused by the chernobyl accident.
- 2003
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In: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983. ; 14:5 Suppl., s. S94-S94
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: In Sweden the ground gamma radiation, due to uranium containing granite, contribute to the population's total radiation dose. After the Chemobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 as much as five percent of the released caesium-137 was deposited in Sweden, especially in the Northern part of the country. Our hypothesis was that this radiation caused increased cancer incidence, after adjustment by ground gamma radiation exposure.Methods: The study base included the population of eight counties with the highest fallout after the Chernobyl accident, but also with unaffected areas in these counties serving as the reference. Each person 0-60 years of age living in the same parish at 31 December 1985 and 31 December 1987 were included in a cohort. With the coordinate of each person's dwelling from the National Land Survey of Sweden a total of 1 137 106 individuals could be given 1) ground gamma radiation exposure from the digital map of the Swedish Geological Agency and 2) caesium-137 exposure from a similar map created by Swedish Radiation Protection Institute. Accuracy of the dwelling coordinate was 100 metres and for the radiation exposures 200 metres as done by aeroplane measurements. Three time periods were analysed 1988-1991, 1992-1995 and 1988-1999.Results: Population density, lung cancer incidence 1988-1999 and total cancer incidence 1986-1987 was risk factors for total cancer outcome in 1988-1999. Age adjusted ERR per 100 nGy/h for ground gamma radiation and total cancer incidence did not show any significant dose response measured, either in each three years time intervals or in the total period of 1988-1999. For caesium the ERR per 100 nGy/h (adjusted by population density, lung cancer incidence, total cancer incidence 1986-1987 and ground gamma radiation) was significant in 1988-1991 followed by a decline in risk 1992-1995 and then a slight but not complete return in risk. The ERR of 0.042 (95% CL 0.001;0.084) per 100 nGy/h for caesium exposure 1988-1999 is therefore dependent on the first three years increase, and to less extent by the following six years.Conclusion: We have found an early effect of the Chernobyl fallout in Northern Sweden. However, even in the ERR of 0.101 per 100 nGy/h is relatively low in 1988-1991, it is stable in a stepwise regression, and therefore indicating a true effect. An interpretation of our results could be that the sudden exposure of ionizing radiation from Chernobyl might have acted as a late stage general promotor for cancer. Such an early effect can hitherto been overlooked in previous studies.
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| 46. |
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