| 1. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating flowability of additive manufacturing powders, using the gustavsson flow meter
- 2016
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In: World PM 2016 Congress and Exhibition. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072484
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Gustavsson flow meter (including standard ISO-13517) is in this paper used to measure flow rate of fine AM powders. In the current paper, the results are compared to the Hall flow meter and a Freeman FT4 powder rheometer in terms of success of measuring these AM powders. The robustness is clearly superior to the Hall flow meter. Compared to using the rheometer, the Gustavsson flow meter is faster and simpler to use; however, other powder-aspects are evaluated since little correlation was found. All methods of characterizing the flowability could distinguish between (1) two alloys, and (2) if the alloys were new or used (in SLM), and (3) if they were dried or non-dried.
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| 2. |
- Mellin, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating flowability of additive manufacturing powders, using the Gustavsson flow meter
- 2017
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In: Metal Powder Report. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0026-0657 .- 1873-4065. ; 72:5, s. 322-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Gustavsson flow meter (including standard ISO-13517) is in this paper used to measure flow rate of fine AM powders. In the current paper, the results are compared to the Hall flow meter and a Freeman FT4 powder rheometer in terms of success of measuring these AM powders. The range of possible powders to measure is smaller with Gustavsson flow meter; but in this range, the difference in flow time is greater compared to the Hall flow meter. Compared to using the rheometer, the Gustavsson flow meter is faster and simpler to use; however, other powder-aspects are evaluated since little correlation was found. For the powders in this paper, all methods of characterizing the flowability could distinguish between (1) two alloys, and (2) if the alloys were new or used (in SLM), and (3) if they were dried or non-dried.
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| 9. |
- Harlin, H, et al.
(author)
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The CD16- CD56(bright) NK cell subset is resistant to reactive oxygen species produced by activated granulocytes and has higher antioxidative capacity than the CD16+ CD56(dim) subset
- 2007
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In: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 179:7, s. 4513-4519
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human NK cells can be divided into CD56dim and CD56bright subsets. These two types of NK cells respond to different types of stimuli, with CD56dim NK cells having direct cytotoxic ability and CD56bright NK cells having mainly an immunoregulatory function. We show that the CD16+CD56dim NK subset is characterized by sensitivity to cell death induced by activated granulocytes. We identified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the major effector molecule responsible for the cytotoxic effect of granulocytes on CD56dim NK cells, because the ability of granulocytes to kill CD56dim NK cells was completely abrogated in the presence of the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. When exposing NK cells to H2O2, CD56dim cells showed rapid mitochondrial depolarization and down-regulation of activating NKRs, eventually resulting in cell death, whereas CD56bright cells remained unaffected. The difference in sensitivity to H2O2 was mirrored by a difference in intracellular oxidation levels between CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells, and cell lysates from the latter subset possessed a greater ability to block H2O2-mediated oxidation. Our data may explain the preferential accumulation of CD56bright NK cells often seen in environments rich in reactive oxygen species, such as at sites of chronic inflammation and in tumors.
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- Ross, Owen A., et al.
(author)
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Genomic investigation of alpha-synuclein multiplication and parkinsonism
- 2008
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 63:6, s. 743-750
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Copy number variation is a common polymorphic phenomenon within the human genome. Although the majority of these events are non-deleterious they can also be highly pathogenic. Herein we characterize five families with parkinsonism that have been identified to harbor multiplication of the chromosomal 4q21 locus containing the a-synuclein gene (SNCA). Methods: A methodological approach using fluorescent in situ hybridization and Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) 250K SNP microarrays was used to characterize the multiplication in each family and to identify the genes encoded within the region. The telomeric and centromeric breakpoints of each family were further narrowed using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction with microsatellite markers and then screened for transposable repeat elements. Results: The severity of clinical presentation is correlated with SNCA dosage and does not appear to be overtly affected by the presence of other genes in the multiplicated region. With the exception of the Lister kindred, in each family the multiplication event appears de novo. The type and position of Alu/LINE repeats are also different at each breakpoint. Microsatellite analysis demonstrates two genomic mechanisms are responsible for chromosome 4q21 multiplications, including both SNCA duplication and recombination. Interpretation: SNCA dosage is responsible for parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and dementia observed within each family. We hypothesize dysregulated expression of wild-type (alpha-synuclein results in parkinsonism and may explain the recent association of common SNCA variants in sporadic Parkinson's disease. SNCA genomic duplication results from intraallelic (segmental duplication) or interallelic recombination with unequal crossing over, whereas both mechanisms appear to be required for genomic SNCA triplication.
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