| 1. |
- Ashby, M.F., et al.
(author)
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The fracture and toughness of woods
- 1985
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In: Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and physical sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0080-4630. ; 398:1815, s. 261-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Crack propagation in various woods has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the observations related to measurements of fracture toughness. It is found that the toughness is related in a simple way to the density of the wood, which is explained by a straightforward model. The apparent fracture toughness of wood for cracks that lie normal to the grain is larger, by a factor of about 10, than that for cracks which propagate parallel to the grain. This difference can be explained in terms of the fracture mechanics of very anisotropic solids
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| 2. |
- Easterling, K.E., et al.
(author)
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On the mechanics of balsa and other woods
- 1982
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In: Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and physical sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0080-4630. ; 383:1784, s. 31-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structure of balsa wood has been characterized by scanning microscopy. The moduli and crushing strengths of the wood, in three orthogonal directions, have been related to the structure and its reponse to load: during deformation the cell walls bend elastically and collapse plastically or by fracture. It is found that the moduli, crushing strengths and anisotropy of balsa and of other wood are determined, in part, by the properties of the cell-wall material, and, in part, by the dimensions and shape of the cells themselves.
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| 3. |
- Harrysson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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The composite channel method : Efficient experimental evaluation of a realistic MIMO terminal in the presence of a human body
- 2008
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In: 2008 IEEE 67th Vehicular Technology Conference-Spring, VTC. - 1550-2252. - 9781424416455 ; , s. 473-477
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The immediate environment of the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) antennas, including the antenna casings and the users holding the antennas, has a strong impact on the propagation channel and thus on wireless systems. In this paper we experimentally evaluate a method that synthetically combines double-directional measurements of the propagation channel (without the user influence) with measured antenna patterns of antennas-plus-users, by comparing obtained sample results with direct measurements in the same environment. The measurements are done for a static microcell 8×4 MIMO scenario at 2.6 GHz. A realistic user phantom was used together with a test terminal prototype with four antenna elements, and a number of different configurations and orientations of the phantom were tested. In average over all test cases, the mean signal power deviation between composite channel method and measurements was well within 1 dB. The composite method shows 6% higher terminal antenna correlation but similar statistical distributions as the measured. The differences between the model and measurements for the strongest eigenvalue (relevant for MRC combining) was found to be within 1 dB above 10% outage level. Relative deviations in the ergodic MIMO capacity were smaller than 10%.
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| 4. |
- Iupikov, Oleg, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Indoor Received Power Prediction Based on Physical Optics (PO): Simulations and Experimental Validation in Industrial Environment
- 2019
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In: 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents an approach based on Physical Optics computations to predict the receive signal power in an indoor environment. The application in focus pertains the development of highly reliable manufacturing industry processes where wireless communications plays a key role. Our proposed numerical method shows a good agreement with measurement data. It is therefore suggested that Electromagnetic modelling based on computationally efficient Physical Optics algorithms can be used as a complement, an alternative or even a replacement for empirical models requiring time consuming measurement campaigns.
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