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- Agoston, EI, et al.
(författare)
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Deconstructing Immune Cell Infiltration in Human Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Spatiotemporal Evaluation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer-related immunity has been identified as playing a key role in the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the exact mechanisms are only partially understood. In this study, we evaluated a total of 242 surgical specimen of CRC patients using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry to evaluate tumor infiltrating immune cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD23, CD45 and CD56) and immune checkpoint markers (CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1) in systematically selected tumor regions and their corresponding lymph nodes, as well as in liver metastases. Additionally, an immune panel gene expression assay was performed on 12 primary tumors and 12 consecutive liver metastases. A higher number of natural killer cells and more mature B cells along with PD-1+ expressing cells were observed in the main tumor area as compared to metastases. A higher number of metastatic lymph nodes were associated with significantly lower B cell counts. With more advanced lymph node metastatic status, higher leukocyte—particularly T cell numbers—were observed. Eleven differentially expressed immune-related genes were found between primary tumors and liver metastases. Also, alterations of the innate immune response and the tumor necrosis factor superfamily pathways had been identified.
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- Harsanyi, I., et al.
(författare)
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On the hydration structure of LiCl aqueous solutions : A Reverse Monte Carlo based combination of diffraction data and Molecular Dynamics simulations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Liquids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7322 .- 1873-3166. ; 158:1, s. 61-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) calculations have been carried out on aqueous LiCl solutions at several concentrations, comparing experimental X-ray and neutron diffraction data with partial radial distribution functions (prdf) from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations based on conventional ion-ion, ion-water, and water-water pair potentials. The RMC calculations indicate that the hydration shell of the Li+ ions could be even more structured than computer simulations predict, containing at high concentrations unusually few water molecules, of the order of 2 to 3. Concerning the consistency between the structures based on potential models and diffraction data: the ion-water partial radial distribution functions (prdf) from MD are found to be consistent with the experimental data whereas the water-water and ion-ion partials are more problematic. The most serious deficiency is that at high salt concentrations the O-O prdf cannot be made consistent with the present X-ray diffraction data.
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- Weimann, A, et al.
(författare)
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ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition : Surgery including organ transplantation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - Edinburgh, United Kingdom : Churchill Livingstone. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 25:2, s. 224-44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced recovery of patients after surgery ("ERAS") has become an important focus of perioperative management. From a metabolic and nutritional point of view, the key aspects of perioperative care include: Enteral nutrition (EN) by means of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and if necessary tube feeding (TF) offers the possibility of increasing or ensuring nutrient intake in cases where food intake is inadequate. These guidelines are intended to give evidence-based recommendations for the use of ONS and TF in surgical patients. They were developed by an interdisciplinary expert group in accordance with officially accepted standards and are based on all relevant publications since 1980. The guideline was discussed and accepted in a consensus conference. EN is indicated even in patients without obvious undernutrition, if it is anticipated that the patient will be unable to eat for more than 7 days perioperatively. It is also indicated in patients who cannot maintain oral intake above 60% of recommended intake for more than 10 days. In these situations nutritional support should be initiated without delay. Delay of surgery for preoperative EN is recommended for patients at severe nutritional risk, defined by the presence of at least one of the following criteria: weight loss >10-15% within 6 months, BMI<18.5 kg/m(2), Subjective Global Assessment Grade C, serum albumin <30 g/l (with no evidence of hepatic or renal dysfunction). Altogether, it is strongly recommended not to wait until severe undernutrition has developed, but to start EN therapy early, as soon as a nutritional risk becomes apparent.
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