| 1. |
- Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, Ph.D. 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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High-Quality Genome Assemblies of 4 Members of the Podospora anserina Species Complex
- 2024
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Ingår i: Genome Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 1759-6653. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is a model organism used extensively in the study of molecular biology, senescence, prion biology, meiotic drive, mating-type chromosome evolution, and plant biomass degradation. It has recently been established that P. anserina is a member of a complex of 7 closely related species. In addition to P. anserina, high-quality genomic resources are available for 2 of these taxa. Here, we provide chromosome-level annotated assemblies of the 4 remaining species of the complex, as well as a comprehensive data set of annotated assemblies from a total of 28 Podospora genomes. We find that all 7 species have genomes of around 35 Mb arranged in 7 chromosomes that are mostly collinear and less than 2% divergent from each other at genic regions. We further attempt to resolve their phylogenetic relationships, finding significant levels of phylogenetic conflict as expected from a rapid and recent diversification.
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| 2. |
- Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, M.Sc. 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of the allorecognition gene repertoire in the Podospora anserina species complex
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Across the Tree of Life, self/non-self recognition is typically achieved through highly polymorphic loci under balancing selection. In fungi, vegetative conspecific recognition, or allorecognition, is defined by the compatibility interactions between loci known as het genes. In this study we explore the evolution of the het genes in the model fungus Podospora anserina and its closest relatives (the Podospora anserina species complex). First, we used chromosome-level genome assemblies to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. We found that the species in the complex are well defined but diversified recently and rapidly, leading to high degrees of conflict at deep branches of the phylogeny. Unlike typical orthologous genes from the complex, some allorecognition genes (het-z and het-s) show trans-species polymorphism, a hallmark of long-term balancing selection. By contrast, the het genes belonging to the HNWD family exhibit a high turn-over, with losses and duplications happening often. In particular, the species P. pseudocomata has a considerable increase of HNWD genes. Unexpectedly, we show that the HNWD paralogs have clean defined boundaries flanked by a target site duplication (TSD), implicating a DNA transposon-like mechanism in the genesis of new duplicates. Overall, our data highlights the diversity of evolutionary histories behind individual self/non-self recognition genes at short evolutionary timescales.
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| 3. |
- Droulias, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of deuterium-induced volume changes on optical transmission in Fe/V (001) and Cr/V (001) superlattices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deuterium-induced changes of the optical transmission in Fe/V (001) and Cr/V (001) superlattices are found experimentally to be dominated by the volume changes of the vanadium layers and thus indirectly linked to concentration. The deuterium-induced expansion is 67% larger in Cr/V 2/14 monolayers (ML) as compared to Fe/V 2/14 ML. This large difference can be explained by a difference in the site of deuterium from tetrahedral in Fe/V to octahedral in Cr/V. First-principles calculations based on this assumption give quantitative agreement with both the measured optical transmission and the deuterium-induced expansion coefficient. Placing hydrogen in the middle of the vanadium layers results in total energies at 0 K that favor tetrahedral occupancy at low concentrations, although the energy difference is of the order of the thermal energy available in the experiments. Hence small changes in strain, defect concentration, and/or vibrational spectrum of the superlattices may tip the balance to octahedral occupancy at low concentrations. Given this link to concentration and the linear scaling, optical transmission can, therefore, be used in a straightforward way to obtain pressure-composition isotherms also in thin metal films that do not undergo metal-insulator transitions upon hydrogenation.
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| 4. |
- Droulias, Sotirios A., et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring thermodynamic properties of metal hydrides with interfaces
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report profound changes in the enthalpy of solution and critical temperature of nano-sizedmetal hydrides in proximity to dierent non-absorbing metals. We use Cr/V and Fe/V (001) superlatticesas model systems to map out these eects since the superlattices can be made singlecrystalline,have identical strain states and are fully reversible. The thermodynamic propertiesare determined using isothermal pressure and optical transmission measurements. We determinethe mechanism underlying the changes in the thermodynamic properties as well as the ecacyof optical transmission by utilizing simultaneous neutron reectometry and optical transmissionmeasurements, combined with rst principle calculations. The underlying mechanism, which issupported by quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is found to be rooted in aradically dierent volume expansion in the two systems. The commonly used optical transmissionmethod is found to be linear with concentration in both types of superlattices and is attributed tochanges in electron density, rather than a direct inuence from a redistribution of electronic states.The conclusions are generalized to other metal hydride systems and can open up for exploration ofproximity induced eects in metal hydrides.
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| 5. |
- Droulias, Sotirios A., et al.
(författare)
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Using interfaces to influence thermodynamic properties of metal hydrides
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report profound proximity effects on the enthalpy of solution and critical temperature ofnano-sized vanadium hydrides. We use single crystalline Cr/V and Fe/V (001) superlattices forthese studies, in which the V layers are under close to identical strain. The thermodynamic propertiesare determined using isothermal pressure and optical transmission measurements, utilisingthe fully reversibel hydrogen uptake and release.The underlying mechanism is argued to be rootedin a radically different volume expansion in the two systems, arising from different site occupancyof hydrogen in Fe/V(001) and Cr/V(001). The optical transmission is found to be linear withconcentration in both types of superlattices, while exhibiting different slopes. The differences areattributed to changes in electron density arising from the volume expansion, rather than a directinfluence from a redistribution of electronic states.
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| 6. |
- Ekström, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Antiferromagnetism in Zn-doped La2CuO4 as observed by muon spin resonance spectroscopy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 0163-1829. ; 64:18, s. 1845221-1845226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local fields seen by positive muons implanted in Zn-doped La2CuO4 show a distribution with a main peak attributed to muon sites far from the Zn ions and a satellite structure corresponding to muons residing closer to the Zn. The temperature dependence indicates a strong loss of magnetic order for Cu moments near the Zn atoms. The data can be understood in terms of a model where a Zn ion not only introduces a vacancy in the magnetic Cu lattice but also creates a RKKY-type disturbance. The electron spin polarization around the Zn ions induces a change of the magnetic moments on surrounding Cu ions. The AF lattice is found to be strongly perturbed within a radius of 10 Angstrom around each Zn ion. Possible consequences for the superconductivity of the corresponding Sr-doped materials are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Forzieri, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1365-2486. ; 29:21, s. 6040-6065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insect and disease outbreaks in forests are biotic disturbances that can profoundly alter ecosystem dynamics. In many parts of the world, these disturbance regimes are intensifying as the climate changes and shifts the distribution of species and biomes. As a result, key forest ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, regulation of water flows, wood production, protection of soils, and the conservation of biodiversity, could be increasingly compromised. Despite the relevance of these detrimental effects, there are currently no spatially detailed databases that record insect and disease disturbances on forests at the pan-European scale. Here, we present the new Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2). It comprises over 650,000 harmonized georeferenced records, mapped as polygons or points, of insects and disease disturbances that occurred between 1963 and 2021 in European forests. The records currently span eight different countries and were acquired through diverse methods (e.g., ground surveys, remote sensing techniques). The records in DEFID2 are described by a set of qualitative attributes, including severity and patterns of damage symptoms, agents, host tree species, climate-driven trigger factors, silvicultural practices, and eventual sanitary interventions. They are further complemented with a satellite-based quantitative characterization of the affected forest areas based on Landsat Normalized Burn Ratio time series, and damage metrics derived from them using the LandTrendr spectral–temporal segmentation algorithm (including onset, duration, magnitude, and rate of the disturbance), and possible interactions with windthrow and wildfire events. The DEFID2 database is a novel resource for many large-scale applications dealing with biotic disturbances. It offers a unique contribution to design networks of experiments, improve our understanding of ecological processes underlying biotic forest disturbances, monitor their dynamics, and enhance their representation in land-climate models. Further data sharing is encouraged to extend and improve the DEFID2 database continuously. The database is freely available at https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hartmann, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic properties of the multiferroic chromium thio-spinels CdCr2S4 and HgCr2S4
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 86:4, s. 148-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder samples of CdCr2S4 and HgCr2S4 were investigated with respect to their magnetic behavior using muon spin rotation/relaxation spectroscopy (mu SR). In CdCr2S4, a second order magnetic transition at 83 +/- 1 K is confirmed. No influence on the mu SR magnetic parameters due to the simultaneous ferroelectric transition was detected. In the limit T -> 0, persistent spin fluctuation exists as a consequence of magnetic frustration. The proposed structural transition around 150 K is barely visible in the mu SR spectra, indicating that the change in local symmetry is subtle. In HgCr2S4, we see in zero field at 27 +/- 2 K a second order transition from the paramagnetic into a long-range ordered (LRO) magnetic state. This LRO state is characterized in the mu SR spectra by a spontaneous spin precession signal. Applications of moderate magnetic fields (up to 450 mT) destroy the precession signal in favor of a rapidly decaying exponential signal. It reflects short-range order (SRO) of strongly correlated dynamic spins. The magnitude of the field required to induce this change is dependent on temperature. The observation of an increase of magnetic spin fluctuations with applied field suggests that spin dynamics play a key role in the field induced changes of the magnetic properties.
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| 10. |
- Hartmann, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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mu SR studies of grey and white tin, alpha- and beta-Sn
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 404:5-7, s. 884-887
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behaviour of monatomic hydrogen defect centres is modelled using implanted positive muons in both allotropes of elemental tin. A new search for paramagnetic muonium is made in alpha-Sn, the semiconducting allotrope with the diamond structure. No deep state is found, nor any enhanced Korringa relaxation that would suggest localized moment formation on interstitial protons in this intriguing material. In relation to muonium in the other Group-IV semiconductors, tantalizing indications of shallow state formation below 30 K suggest that a deep-to-shallow transition may be responsible. The diamagnetic state remains static to 200 K and may be tentatively identified as the bond-centred positive ion, by comparison with recent data for silicon. This behaviour contrasts with the abrupt onset of mobility at 50K for muons in beta-Sn, the normal metallic allotrope with tetragonal structure, for which a more conventional interstitial site has lately been determined. Mobility studies are admittedly difficult in the presence of such weak nuclear magnetism but a discrepancy arises between reported migration barriers in white tin.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hartmann, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Muon Diffusion in Nb-H Systems
- 1986
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. ; 31, s. 241-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Hartmann, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Muon spin precession in ferromagnetic DyAl2
- 2014
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Ingår i: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE. - : IOP Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Laves phase intermetallics REAl2 were studied by mu,SR over several decades. Results had mainly been obtained for the temperature and field dependencies of relaxation rates in the paramagnetic state. However, it turned out that spontaneous precession signals in the ordered magnetic state were very difficult to observe. We report here the observation a weak precession signal in a single crystalline sample of DyAl2. The precession signal seen has low asymmetry and is heavily damped. This is understood with the notion that the magnetic structure of DyAl2 splits the internal field at the interstitial muon stopping site into several components, and that of those only one of the field components leads to the visible precession signal. The observed temperature dependence of the precession frequency is compatible with the change of easy axis of magnetization at T = 40K.
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| 14. |
- Huang, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration dependence of hydrogen diffusion in clamped vanadium (001) films
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 29:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in a 50 nm thin film of vanadium (0 0 1) is measured as a function of concentration and temperature, well above the known phase boundaries. Arrhenius analysis of the tracer diffusion constants reveal large changes in the activation energy with concentration: from 0.10 at 0.05 in II V-1 to 0.5 eV at 0.2 in II V-1. The results are consistent with a change from tetrahedral to octahedral site occupancy, in that concentration range. The change in site occupancy is argued to be caused by the uniaxial expansion of the film originating from the combined hydrogen induced expansion and the clamping of the film to the substrate.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Huang, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion of hydrogen in ultra-thin V(001) layers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 723, s. 484-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on investigations of the influence of one dimensional confinement on the diffusion of hydrogen, in the low concentration limit (alpha-phase). The confinement is obtained by utilising single crystal Fe/V(001) superlattices, in which hydrogen preferably resides in the V layers. The diffusion along the [110] direction in the V(001) layers can thereby be determined. Activation energy and attempt jump rates are extracted from an Arrhenius analysis. No effects are observed from the confinement on the hydrogen diffusion in the thickness range 7-28 monolayers (approximate to 1.1-4.2 nm) of V(001).
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| 18. |
- Huang, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental observation of hysteresis in a coherent metal-hydride phase transition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 29:49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the hysteresis obtained in the hydrogen absorption and desorption cycle for a single crystal Pd/V-28 [Fe-4/V-28](11) superlattice. Below the critical temperature, a small but clear hysteresis is observed in the pressure-composition isotherms, while it is absent above. The experimental results thereby prove the relevance of macroscopic energy barriers for obtaining hysteresis in coherent structural transformations. The textured Pd layer exhibits substantially larger hysteresis effects, which can be related to an irreversible energy loss caused by defect generation in Pd.
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| 19. |
- Huang, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Finite size effects : deuterium diffusion in nm thick vanadium layers
- 2017
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1367-2630. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of finite size on the chemical diffusion of deuterium in extremely thin V(001) layers. A five fold increase in the diffusion coefficient is observed at concentrations around 0.2 [D/V], when the thickness of the V is decreased from 28 to 14 atomic layers (approximate to 2.1-4.2 nm). The size dependent deuterium-deuterium interaction energy is argued to be the root of the observed changes as the diffusion rates are similar at low concentrations. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using finite-size effects to enhance the chemical diffusion of light interstitials in solids. We discuss the general applicability of these effects to other systems.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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A mu SR study of the magnetic properties of Tb2CuIn3
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 87:5, s. 055702-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tb2CuIn3 shows exceptional magnetic behavior within the series of R2CuIn3 intermetallics (R denoting one of the rare earth elements), where long-range magnetic order is absent in favor of spin liquid magnetic ground states as a consequence of frustration by competing exchange. In contrast, neutron studies suggested for the magnetic ground state of Tb2CuIn3 the coexistence of long-range antiferromagnetic and short-range order. The present mu SR (muon spin rotation/relaxation) data show that at similar to 45K all Tb magnetic moments freeze into a spin-glass state. At T-N = 33K partial long-range order sets in, its volume fraction being similar to 30%. On cooling to 10 K, the antiferromagnetic fraction reaches the saturation value of 70% and hence remains coexistent with the spin-glass state for T -> 0. The antiferromagnetic state is characterized by considerable short-range spin disorder. At low temperatures the Tb moments in the two coexisting states approach the static limit. This absence of persistent moment fluctuations together with partial formation of long-range order indicates considerably lower frustration in Tb2CuIn3 compared to the rest of the R2CuIn3 compounds.
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| 23. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Frustration driven magnetic states of A-site spinels probed by mu SR
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 77:1, s. 87-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The normal A-site spinels MnAl2O4, FeAl2O4, CoAl2O4, as well as related mixed (Mn0.5Fe0.5Al2O4) and partially inverted (Fe1.4Al1.6O4) spinels have been studied by mu SR. The magnetic ions are subject to magnetic frustration by competing interactions. In all materials and at all temperatures the mu SR spectra consist of two signals suggesting a bimodal distribution of the fluctuation rates of magnetic moments. A characteristic temperature T (M) is found in each compound, representing either a magnetic phase transition into a long-range ordered state (MnAl2O4, Fe1.4Al1.6O4) or the formation of a spin liquid phase (FeAl2O4, CoAl2O4, Mn0.5Fe0.5Al2O4). The magnetic ground state of MnAl(2)O(4)aEuroEuroshows coexistence of antiferromagnetic and spin liquid phases. In FeAl(2)O(4)aEuroEuroand CoAl(2)O(4)aEuroEurolong-range order is suppressed altogether, the ground state can be characterized as a fast relaxing spin liquid coexisting with a small fraction of paramagnetic spins. The partial replacement of Mn by Fe in Mn(0.5)Fe(0.5)Al(2)O(4)aEuroEuroprevents long-range order and leads to a spin liquid state in the low temperature limit. The partial occupancy of B-sites by magnetic ions in Fe(1.4)Al(1.6)O(4)aEuroEurostrengthens the exchange coupling, allowing the formation of long-range magnetic order at a rather high temperature (similar to 100 K). Magnetic phase diagrams are presented demonstrating that for the studied compounds the magnetic properties are determined by the degree of frustration.
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| 24. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature incommensurately modulated and noncollinear spin structure in FeCr2S4
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 22:5, s. 052205-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FeCr2S4 orders magnetically at T-N approximate to 170 K. According to neutron diffraction, the ordered state down to 4.2 K is a simple collinear ferrimagnet maintaining the cubic spinel structure. Later studies, however, claimed trigonal distortions below similar to 60 K coupled to the formation of a spin glass type ground state. To obtain further insight, muon spin rotation/relaxation (mu SR) spectroscopy was carried out between 5 and 200 K together with new Fe-57 Mossbauer measurements. Below similar to 50 K, our data point to the formation of an incommensurately modulated noncollinear spin arrangement like a helical spin structure. Above 50 K, the spectra are compatible with collinear ferrimagnetism, albeit with a substantial spin disorder on the scale of a few lattice constants. These spin lattice distortions become very large at 150 K and the magnetic state is now better characterized as consisting of rapidly fluctuating short-range ordered spins. The Neel transition is of second order, but ill defined, extending over a range of similar to 10 K. The Mossbauer data around 10 K confirm the onset of orbital freezing and are also compatible with the noncollinear order of iron. The absence of a major change in the quadrupole interaction around 50 K renders the distortion of crystal symmetry to be small.
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| 25. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of frustrated A-site spinels (Mn, Fe, Co)Al2O4
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 404:5-7, s. 660-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the A-site spinels MAl2O4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) the A-site sublattice is subjected to strong frustration, putting all three compounds on the verge between long-range and short-range magnetic order. The mu SR spectra of the three compounds show two signals at all temperatures examined and a dramatic change in spectral shape at characteristic temperatures. Above this temperature, one signal (slowly relaxing) is typical for free paramagnetic spins, the other (fast relaxing) for highly correlated paramagnetic spins. For M = Mn the ratio of their intensities is 1:3 independent of temperature and the spectral change occurs around 40 K (T-N from neutron data) where the strongly correlated fraction enters into long-range order and the free paramagnetic fraction into a glassy spin state. For M = Co or Fe, the free paramagnetic fraction increases from similar to 20% to 85% with rising temperature. At the cusp temperatures observed in magnetization (5 or 12 K) the dominating, highly correlated paramagnetic fraction turns into a dynamic short-range ordered magnetic ground state. In all three compounds substantial local spin disorder and persistent spin fluctuations characterize their magnetic ground states, typical features of highly frustrated magnets.
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| 26. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of frustrated R2TIn3 compounds (R = Nd, Ho, Er; T = Ag, Cu) by muon spin rotation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 88:4, s. 045702-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several R2TIn3 samples (Nd2AgIn3, Ho2AgIn3, Er2AgIn3, Ho2CuIn3 and Er2CuIn3 were studied by muon spin rotation/relaxation (mu SR). The R2TIn3 intermetallics are magnetically frustrated, mainly by competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic exchange. Susceptibility data suggested antiferromagnetic order with T-N in the 10K range for the materials under consideration. Later neutron diffraction studies were, however, unable to detect any magnetic Bragg peaks. The mu SR spectra of all compounds consist of two signals. One fast relaxing, reflecting strong interaction between the muon and the rare earth magnetic moments, the other slowly relaxing, arising largely from the interaction with the nuclear moments of In, its coupling to rare earth magnetism being extremely weak. Suggested origin are two different muon stopping sites in the binary layered crystal structure of the R2TIn3 series. Results on the magnetic behavior of the compounds studied are drawn from the fast relaxing signal. They show that below the susceptibility peak temperatures the systems enter into a spin-glass-type (Nd) or a spin-liquid-type (Ho,Er) short-range ordered magnetic structures, long-range order being definitely absent. Spin fluctuations persist in all cases in the limit T -> 0, a well established mu SR signature for frustrated magnetic materials.
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| 27. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of Pd1-xNix alloys near the critical concentration for ferromagnetism
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 89:6, s. 064418-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results of a muon spin rotation and relaxation (mu SR) study of dilute Pd1-xNix alloys, with emphasis on Ni concentrations x = 0.0243 and 0.025. These are close to the critical value x(cr) for the onset of ferromagnetic long-range order (LRO), which is a candidate for a quantum critical point. Additional control data were taken for pure nonmagnetic Pd, and for an alloy where ferromagnetism is well established (x = 0.05). The 2.43 and 2.5 at.% Ni alloys exhibit similar mu SR properties. Both samples are fully magnetic, with average zero-temperature muon local fields < B-loc(T = 0)> = 2.0 and 3.8 mT and Curie temperatures T-C = 1.0 and 2.03 K for 2.43 and 2.5 at.% Ni, respectively. The temperature dependence of < B-loc > suggests ordering of Ni spin clusters rather than isolated spins. Just above T-C, the temperature where LRO vanishes, a two-phase region is found with coexisting separate volume fractions of quasistatic short-range order (SRO) and paramagnetism. The SRO fraction decreases to zero with increasing temperature a few kelvin above T-C. This mixture of SRO and paramagnetism is consistent with the notion of an inhomogeneous alloy with Ni clustering. The measured values of T-C extrapolate to x(cr) = 0.0236 +/- 0.0027. The dynamic muon spin relaxation in the vicinity of T-C differs for the two samples: a relaxation-rate maximum at T-C is observed for x = 0.0243, reminiscent of critical slowing down, whereas for x = 0.025 no dynamic relaxation is observed within the mu SR time window. The data suggest a mean-field-like transition in this alloy.
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| 28. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of the chromium thio-spinels Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 studied using muon spin rotation and relaxation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:18, s. 186001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder samples of Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 with x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 were studied, between 5 and 300 K. The results reveal that for x < 1, the magnetic order in the series is more varied than the simple collinear ferrimagnetic structure traditionally assumed to exist everywhere from the Curie point to T -> 0. In FeCr2S4 several ordered magnetic phases are present, with the ground state likely to have an incommensurate cone-like helical structure. Fe0.8Cu0.2Cr2S4 is the compound for which simple collinear ferrimagnetism is best developed. In Fe0.5Cu0.5Cr2S4 the ferrimagnetic spin structure is not stable, causing spin reorientation around 90 K. In Fe0.2Cu0.8Cr2S4 the ferrimagnetic structure is at low temperatures considerably distorted locally, but with rising temperature this disorder shows a rapid reduction, coupled to increased spin fluctuation rates. In summary, the present data show that the changes induced by the replacement of Fe by Cu have more profound influences on the magnetic properties of the Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 compounds than merely a shift of Curie temperature, saturation magnetization and internal field magnitude.
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| 29. |
- Kalvius, G. M., et al.
(författare)
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Spin-Lattice Instability in the Chromium Sulfur Spinel Fe0.5Cu0.5Cr2S4
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 20:25, s. 252204-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zero field mu SR spectroscopy was applied to a polycrystalline sample of the ferrimagnetic sulfur spinel Fe0.5Cu0.5Cr2S4 between 5 and 315 K. The temperature dependence of the interstitial magnetic field B-mu as well as the transverse and longitudinal relaxation rates were deduced. At around 100 K, the temperature dependence of the interstitial field exhibits a strong deviation from the expected Brillouin-like behavior together with a maximum of the transverse relaxation rate. These features are characteristic for a spin reorientation transition. This instability of the ferrimagnetic spin-lattice has not been reported previously. Fe-57 Mossbauer data from the same sample show no irregularity in the temperature dependence of the Fe hyperfine field which could indicate that the spin reorientation involves primarily the Cr sublattice. Above and below the spin reorientation regime, disorder in the spin-lattice is sizable, but not excessive. At low temperatures, the spins are essentially static, spin dynamics sets in above the reorientation range. The mu SR data are also complemented by new susceptibility and magnetization data taken on similar material.
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| 30. |
- Karlsson, Erik B., et al.
(författare)
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The hydrogen anomaly in neutron Compton scattering : new experiments and a quantitative theoretical explanation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 27:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No consensus has been reached so far about the hydrogen anomaly problem in Compton scattering of neutrons, although strongly reduced H cross-sections were first reported almost 20 years ago. Over the years, this phenomenon has been observed in many different hydrogen-containing materials. Here, we use yttrium hydrides as test objects, YH2, YH3, YD2 and YD3, Y(HxD1-x)(2) and Y(HxD1-x)(3), for which we observe H anomalies increasing with transferred momentum q. We also observe reduced deuteron cross-sections in YD2 and YD3 and have followed those up to scattering angles of 140 degrees corresponding to high momentum transfers. In addition to data taken using the standard Au-197 foils for neutron energy selection, the present work includes experiments with Rh-103 foils and comparisons were also made with data from different detector setups. The H and D anomalies are discussed in terms of the different models proposed for their interpretation. The 'electron loss model' (which assumes energy transfer to excited electrons) is contradicted by the present data, but it is shown here that exchange effects in scattering from two or more protons (or deuterons) in the presence of large zero-point vibrations, can explain quantitatively the reduction of the cross-sections as well as their q-dependence. Decoherence processes also play an essential role. In a scattering time representation, shake-up processes can be followed on the attosecond scale. The theory also shows that large anomalies can appear only when the neutron coherence lengths (determined by energy selection and detector geometry) are about the same size as the distance between the scatterers.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Mooij, Lennard, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of site occupancy on diffusion of hydrogen in vanadium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 95:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of site occupancy on the chemical diffusion of hydrogen in strained vanadium. The diffusion rate is found to decrease substantially, when hydrogen is occupying octahedral sites as compared to tetrahedral sites. Profound isotope effects are observed when comparing the diffusion rate of H and D. The changes in the diffusion rate are found to be strongly influenced by the changes in the potential energy landscape, as deduced from first-principles molecular dynamics calculations.
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| 33. |
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