| 1. |
- Åsberg, Signild, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-cardioembolic TIA and ischemic stroke : Implications of severity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 138:4, s. 369-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Our purpose was to explore major vascular and bleeding outcomes in relation to risk and severity scores (ABCD2 or NIHSS) in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods: This nationwide observational study was based on data from 4 national registries. Outcomes were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.Results: The total cohort comprised 21268 patients (median age 73years, 47.6% females). Based on ABCD2-score, the TIA-population (n=10174) was divided into low-risk (0-3 p, n=3463) and high-risk (4-7 p, n=6711). Based on NIHSS-score, the AIS-population (n=11454) was divided into minor (0-5 p, n=8596), moderate (6-10 p, n=1630) and severe (11 p, n=1228). During follow-up (mean 1.7years), the composite endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction or death occurred in 3572 (16.5%) of all the patients, and major bleeding in 668 (3.1%) patients. Using low-risk TIA as reference, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) of the composite endpoint were 1.41 (1.23-1.62) for high-risk TIA, 1.94 (1.70-2.22) for minor, 2.86 (2.45-3.34) for moderate and 4.18 (3.57-4.90) for severe stroke. When analyzed separately, the association with increased risk remained significant for stroke and death, but not for myocardial infarction. The HR of major bleeding were 1.31 (0.99-1.73) for high-risk TIA, 1.49 (1.13-1.95) for minor, 1.54 (1.08-2.21) for moderate and 2.10 (1.44-3.05) for severe stroke.Conclusions: This study confirms the association between severity of the index ischemic stroke and risk of future major vascular and bleeding events, and highlights the increased risk also for patients with high-risk TIA.
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| 2. |
- Baubeta Fridh, Erik, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Amputation Rates, Mortality, and Pre-operative Comorbidities in Patients Revascularised for Intermittent Claudication or Critical Limb Ischaemia : A Population Based Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : W B SAUNDERS CO LTD. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 54:4, s. 480-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aims of this population based study were to describe mid-to long-term amputation risk, cumulative incidence of death or amputation, and differences in pre-operative comorbidities in patients revascularised for lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD).Methods: This was an observational cohort study. Data from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Vascular Surgery (Swedvasc) were combined with mandatory national health care registries and patient medical records. All patients who underwent revascularisation in Sweden between May 2008 and May 2013 for intermittent claudication (IC) or critical limb ischaemia (CLI), aged 50 years and older, were identified through the Swedvasc database. The mandatory national health care registries and medical records provided data on comorbidities, mortality, and major amputations.Results: A total of 16,889 patients with PAD (IC, n = 6272; CLI, n = 10,617) were studied. The incidence of amputations in IC patients was 0.4% (range 0.3%-0.5%) per year. Among CLI patients, the amputation rate during the first 6 months following revascularisation was 12.0% (95% CI 11.3-12.6). Thereafter, the incidence declined to approximately 2% per year. The cumulative combined incidence of death or amputation 3 years after revascularisation was 12.9% (95% CI 12.0-13.9) in IC patients and 48.8% (95% CI 47.7-49.8) in CLI patients. Among CLI patients, compared with IC patients, the prevalence of diabetes, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation was approximately doubled and renal failure was nearly tripled, even after age standardisation.Conclusion: The risk of amputation is particularly high during the first 6 months following revascularisation for CLI. IC patients have a benign course in terms of limb loss. Mortality in both IC and CLI patients is substantial. Revascularised CLI patients have different comorbidities from IC patients.
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| 3. |
- Baubeta Fridh, Erik, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Editor's Choice - Impact of Comorbidity, Medication, and Gender on Amputation Rate Following Revascularisation for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 56:5, s. 681-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective/background: Chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI) has a high risk of amputation and mortality. Increased knowledge on how sex, comorbidities, and medication influence these outcomes after revascularisation may help optimise results and patient selection. Methods: This population based observational cohort study included all individuals revascularised for CLTI in Sweden during a five year period (10,617 patients in total). Data were retrieved and merged from mandatory national healthcare registries, and specifics on amputations were validated with individual medical records. Results: Mean age at revascularisation was 76.8 years. Median follow up was 2.7 years (range 0-6.6 years). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.33), renal insufficiency (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.87), diabetes (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.32-1.60), and heart failure (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.31) were independently associated with an increased amputation rate, whereas the use of statins (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.78) and low dose acetylsalicylic acid (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.86) were associated with a reduced amputation rate. For the combined end point of amputation or death, an association with increased rates was found for male sex (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32), renal insufficiency (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.75-2.14), heart failure (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.40-1.60), and diabetes (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23-1.38). The use of statins (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.82) and low dose acetylsalicylic acid (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.881) were related to a reduced risk of amputation or death. Conclusions: Renal insufficiency is the strongest independent risk factor for both amputation and amputation/ death in revascularised CLTI patients, followed by diabetes and heart failure. Men with CLTI have worse outcomes than women. These results may help govern patient selection for revascularisation procedures. Statin and low dose acetylsalicylic acid are associated with an improved limb outcome. This underlines the importance of preventive medication to reduce general cardiovascular risk and increase limb salvage. (C) 2018 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Oral corticosteroid use, morbidity and mortality in asthma: A nationwide prospective cohort study in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 74:11, s. 2181-2190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patterns and determinants of long-term oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in asthma and related morbidity and mortality are not well-described. In a nationwide asthma cohort in Sweden, we evaluated the patterns and determinants of OCS use and risks of OCS-related morbidities and mortality. Methods: Data for 217993 asthma patients (aged≥6years) in secondary care were identified between 2007 and 2014 using Swedish national health registries. OCS use at baseline was categorized: regular users (≥5mg/d/y; n=3299; 1.5%); periodic users (>0 but <5mg/d/y; n=49930; 22.9%); and nonusers (0mg/d/y; n=164765; 75.6%). Relative risks of becoming a regular OCS user and for morbidity and mortality were analysed using multivariable Cox regression. Results: At baseline, 24% of asthma patients had used OCS during the last year and 1.5% were regular users. Of those not using OCS at baseline, 26% collected at least one OCS prescription and 1.3% became regular OCS users for at least 1year during the median follow-up of 5.3years. Age at asthma diagnosis, increasing GINA severity and Charlson Comorbidity Index were associated with regular OCS use. Compared to periodic and non-OCS use, regular use was associated with increased incidence of OCS-related morbidities and greater all-cause mortality, adjusted HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.24-1.45). Conclusions: Oral corticosteroids use is frequent for asthma patients, and many are regular users. Regular OCS use is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. These findings indicate that there is a need of other treatment options for patients with severe asthma who are using regular OCS. © 2019 The Authors Allergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 5. |
- Hasvold, L. P., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes and CVD risk during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in hypertension : a study of 15 990 patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9240 .- 1476-5527. ; 28:11, s. 663-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences in clinical effectiveness between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the primary treatment of hypertension are unknown. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients treated with ARBs or ACEis. Patients initiated on enalapril or candesartan treatment in 71 Swedish primary care centers between 1999 and 2007 were included. Medical records data were extracted and linked with nationwide hospital discharge and cause of death registers. The 11 725 patients initiated on enalapril and 4265 on candesartan had similar baseline characteristics. During a mean follow-up of 1.84 years, 36 482 patient-years, the risk of new diabetes onset was lower in the candesartan group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.96, P = 0.01) compared with the enalapril group. No difference between the groups was observed in CVD risk (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87-1.13, P = 0.86). More patients discontinued treatment in the enalapril group (38.1%) vs the candesartan group (27.2%). In a clinical setting, patients initiated on candesartan treatment had a lower risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and lower rates of drug discontinuation compared with patients initiated on enalapril. No differences in CVD risk were observed.
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| 6. |
- Henriksson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Health-care costs of losartan and candesartan in the primary treatment of hypertension
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9240 .- 1476-5527. ; 25:2, s. 130-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent study of two widely used angiotensin receptor blockers reported a reduced risk of cardiovascular events (-14.4%) when using candesartan compared with losartan in the primary treatment of hypertension. In addition to clinical benefits, costs associated with treatment strategies must be considered when allocating scarce health-care resources. The aim of this study was to assess resource use and costs of losartan and candesartan in hypertensive patients. Resource use (drugs, outpatient contacts, hospitalizations and laboratory tests) associated with losartan and candesartan treatment was estimated in 14 100 patients in a real-life clinical setting. We electronically extracted patient data from primary care records and mandatory Swedish national registers for death and hospitalization. Patients treated with losartan had more outpatient contacts (+15.6%), laboratory tests (+13.8%) and hospitalizations (+13.8%) compared with the candesartan group. During a maximum observation time of 9 years, the mean total costs per patient were 10 369 Swedish kronor (95% confidence interval: 3109-17 629) higher in the losartan group. In conclusion, prescribing candesartan for the primary treatment of hypertension results in lower long-term health-care costs compared with losartan.
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
- Jernberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ischaemic heart disease severity and age on risk of cardiovascular outcome in diabetes patients in Sweden : A nationwide observational study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To compare short-term cardiovascular (CV) outcome in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients without ischaemic heart disease (IHD), with IHD but no prior myocardial infarction (MI), and those with prior MI; and assess the impact on risk of age when initiating first-time glucose-lowering drug (GLD). Design Cohort study linking morbidity, mortality and medication data from Swedish national registries. Participants First-time users of GLD during 2007-2016. Outcomes Predicted cumulative incidence for the CV outcome (MI, stroke and CV mortality) was estimated. A Cox model was developed where age at GLD start and CV risk was modelled. Results 260 070 first-time GLD users were included, 221 226 (85%) had no IHD, 16 294 (6%) had stable IHD-prior MI and 22 550 (9%) had IHD+MI. T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of CV outcome compared with the IHD populations (±prior MI), (3-year incidence 4.78% vs 5.85% and 8.04%). The difference in CV outcome was primarily driven by a relative greater MI risk among the IHD patients. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger (<60 years) patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. Conclusions T2D patients without IHD had a lower risk of the CV outcome compared with the T2D populations with IHD, primarily driven by a greater risk of MI. For T2D patients without IHD, an almost linear association between age at start of GLD and relative risk was observed, whereas in IHD patients, the younger patients had a relative greater risk compared with older patients. Our findings suggest that intense risk prevention should be the key strategy in the management of T2D patients, especially for younger patients.
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| 10. |
- Kjeldsen, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9240 .- 1476-5527. ; 24:4, s. 263-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although angiotensin receptor blockers have different receptor binding properties no comparative studies with cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points have been performed within this class of drugs. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are blood pressure independent CVD-risk differences between losartan and candesartan treatment in patients with hypertension without known CVD. Seventy-two primary care centres in Sweden were screened for patients who had been prescribed losartan or candesartan between the years 1999 and 2007. Among the 24 943 eligible patients, 14 100 patients were diagnosed with hypertension and prescribed losartan (n = 6771) or candesartan (n = 7329). Patients were linked to Swedish national hospitalizations and death cause register. There was no difference in blood pressure reduction when comparing the losartan and candesartan groups during follow-up. Compared with the losartan group, the candesartan group had a lower adjusted hazard ratio for total CVD (0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.96, P = 0.0062), heart failure (0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.82, P = 0.0004), cardiac arrhythmias (0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.92, P = 0.0330), and peripheral artery disease (0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.91, P = 0.0140). No difference in blood pressure reduction was observed suggesting that other mechanisms related to different pharmacological properties of the drugs may explain the divergent clinical outcomes.
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| 16. |
- Sigvant, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease : Treatment patterns and long-term outcome in men and women results from a Swedish nationwide study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 28:13, s. 1426-1434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Differences in comorbidity, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular (CV) outcome, and mortality between myocardial infarction (MI) patients and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients are not well documented. Aim The aim of this study was to compare comorbidity, treatment patterns, CV outcome, and mortality in MI and PAD patients, focusing on sex differences. Methods This observational, population-based study used data retrieved from mandatory Swedish national registries. The risks of MI and death were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary preventive drug use was characterized. Cox proportional risk hazard modelling was used to determine the risk of specific events. Results Overall, 91,808 incident MI patients and 52,408 PAD patients were included. CV mortality for MI patients at 12, 24, and 36 months after index was 12.3%, 19.3%, and 25.4%, and for PAD patients it was 15.5%, 23.4%, and 31.0%. At index, 89% of MI patients and 65% of PAD patients used aspirin and 74% and 53%, respectively, used statins. Unlike MI women, women with PAD had a lower rate of other CV-related comorbidities and a lower risk of CV events (age-adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.79-0.84), CV death (0.78, 0.75-0.82), and all-cause death (0.78, 0.76-0.80) than their PAD male counterparts. Conclusion PAD patients were less intensively treated and had a higher CV mortality than MI patients. Women with PAD were less likely than men to present with established polyvascular disease, whereas the opposite was true of women with MI. This result indicates that the lower-limb vasculature may more often be the index site for atherosclerosis in women.
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| 17. |
- Varenhorst, Christoph, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Culprit and Nonculprit Recurrent Ischemic Events in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: Data from SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY. - 2047-9980. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Long-term disease progression after myocardial infarction (MI) is inadequately understood. We evaluated the pattern and angiographic properties (culprit lesion [CL]/non-CL [NCL]) of recurrent MI (re-MI) in a large real-world patient population. Methods and Results--Our observational study used prospectively collected data in 108 615 patients with first-occurrence MI enrolled in the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) between July 1, 2006 and November 29, 2014. During follow-up (median, 3.2 years), recurrent hospitalization for MI occurred in 11 117 patients (10.2%). Of the patients who underwent coronary angiography for the index MI, a CL was identified in 44 332 patients. Of those patients, 3464 experienced an re-MI; the infarct originated from the NCL in 1243 patients and from the CL in 655 patients. In total, 1566 re-MIs were indeterminate events and could not be classified as NCL or CL re-MIs. The risk of re-MI within 8 years related to the NCL was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.06), compared with 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.03) for the CL. There were no large differences in baseline characteristics of patients with subsequent NCL versus CL re-MIs. Independent predictors of NCL versus CL re- MI were multivessel disease (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.87-2.82), male sex (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.71), and a prolonged time between the index and re-MI (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10- 1.22). Conclusions--In a large cohort of patients with first-occurrence MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the risk of re-MI originating from a previously untreated lesion was twice higher than the risk of lesions originating from a previously stented lesion.
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